Minerals

2016

] 2 (a) Study Fig. 3 which is a map showing the locations where three different non-metallic minerals are
extracted in Pakistan.

Name ...........................................................
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Name ...........................................................

Use ...........................................................

Name ........................................................... N

Use ...........................................................

Key
international boundary
provincial boundary
disputed boundary
0 250
km Use

Fig. 3

(i) For any two locations, state the name of the mineral extracted and a use for this mineral.
Write your answers in the spaces provided on Fig. 3.

You should choose from the following list:

gypsum limestone rocksalt

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(b) Study Photograph C (Insert).

(i) Name the type of livestock shown in this photograph.

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(ii) Why is this type of livestock valuable to the farmer?

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(iii) What environmental problems can be caused by keeping this type of livestock?

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(c) (i) Name two of Pakistan’s main exports.

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2 ....................................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) Read the following article:

Pakistan produces many goods that could be exported in greater quantities. For a
variety of reasons the amount of exports remains low: in 2013 the value of exports
was only 13% of GDP.

Explain why it is difficult for Pakistan to sell more of its goods to other countries.

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 3 (a) Study Fig. 4 which is a diagram of a coal mine.

Type of mine ...............................................

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Fig. 4

(i) Choose two terms from the list below and use them to label the diagram in any two of the spaces
provided.

adit cage shaft open-cast seam tunnel

(ii) Suggest two reasons for using this type of mine and one disadvantage of using it.

Reason ..............................................................................................................................

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Reason ..............................................................................................................................

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Disadvantage ....................................................................................................................

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(iii) What type of coal is imported by Pakistan and how is it used?

Type ..................................................................................................................................
 Use ....................................................................................................................................

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(b) Explain what the fuel CNG is and state the main reasons for using this fuel.

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 (c) Study Fig. 5 which is a graph giving information about different non-renewable fuels used for
electricity production in Pakistan over the period 2006–11.
40

35
30 Key
25 gas
terawatt-hours
(TWh ) 20 oil
nuclear
15
coal
10

5
0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Fig. 5

(i) What is meant by the term ‘non-renewable fuel’?

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(ii) Which fuel use has increased by the largest amount between 2006 and 2011?

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(iii) Use information from the graph to describe one main difference between the change in gas used
for electricity production and the change in oil used for electricity production.

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(iv) Explain why so little coal is used for electricity production in Pakistan.
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2021

(b) 1C(i) Explain two ways in which the natural topography of the Salt Range makes mineral exploitation
difficult. You should develop your answer.

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[4] (ii) Describe three environmental problems caused by mineral extraction.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

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2 ........................................................................................................................................

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3 ........................................................................................................................................

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(c) Evaluate the benefits and problems of further developing the mineral extraction industry in Pakistan.
Give reasons to support your judgement and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider
different points of view in your answer.

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