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BUSINESS ENGLISH · ENGLISH IN VIDEO · UPPER-INTERMEDIATE (B2-C1)

AI AND
INEQUALITY

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1 Warm up

Read these facts about Artificial Intelligence. One of them is false. Can you guess which one?

1. Robo Farmers will soon be able to grow crops and look after animals in farms around the UK to the extent that

2. Artificial Intelligence has beaten all human records on the puzzle game, 2048.

3. Bill Gates, founder of Microsoft Computers, said that Artificial Intelligence was the greatest threat to humanity

4. There’s an organisation called the 2045 Initiative which aims to use Artificial Intelligence combined with human

1. What else do you know about Artificial Intelligence?

2. Do you have a positive or a negative opinion about Artificial Intelligence? Why?

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AI AND INEQUALITY

2 Focus on vocabulary

Part A: Match the words to their definitions.

1. nomad (n) a. a situation when something is easy to understand and doesn’t

hide anything
2. displaced (adj.) b. being without things that many other people take for granted,
usually education and money
3. persistence (n) c. in a way that allows something to be used but replaced so that it
can continue to be used
4. disadvantaged (adj.) d. in a way that follows beliefs about what is the right way to do
something
5. transparency (n) e. someone who doesn’t have a fixed place to live and moves from
area to area
6. ethically (adv.) f. the quality of continually trying to do something even when it is
difficult or when people are trying to stop you
7. sustainably (adv.) g. to leave someone or something out of a grouping of some kind

8. exclude (v) h. used about someone who has to leave their home, usually due to
war or natural disaster

Part B: Now complete the following sentences with a different form of the words in brackets
from Part A.

1. He was dismissed from his job in the Police Force due to his behaviour. (ethically)
2. I find it hard to settle down in one place. I’ve always been quite . (nomad)
3. The speed at which they are cutting down trees in the rainforest is entirely . We
need to bring in more protections. (sustainably)
4. We need someone with a background in Computer Science for this job. It would be particularly
. (disadvantaged)
5. As an accountant, you are expected to conduct yourself as as possible. (transparency)
6. She has refused to co-operate with police and may well be looking at jail time.
(persistence)
7. The volcano eruption caused of a large proportion of the local population. (displaced)
8. I’m worried that Beatrice is focusing on her work to the of all other things. It’s
not healthy. (exclude)

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AI AND INEQUALITY

Now answer the following questions.

1. Have you ever felt disadvantaged in a professional situation? Why? What happened?
2. In what ways have you shown persistence in your career?
3. Is there enough transparency in your company when it comes to salaries and how to get
promoted? Or not? How would you get a promotion if you wanted one?
4. Does your company operate ethically as far as you know? Or could there be improvements? What
are they?
5. Does your company use sustainably created materials for its products or in the office, for
example, paper? What are they? If not, do you think they should?
6. Have you tended to be a nomad in your work life so far, or have you always worked in the
same area?
7. Have you ever been excluded in a professional or personal situation? What happened? How
did it make you feel?

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AI AND INEQUALITY

3 Rephrasing

Look at the following sentences from the script and underline the option which best rephrases it.

1. When I was 18, my father realised Somalia was headed for a civil war...

When I was 18, my father realised Somalia needed to have/Somalia was on the verge of
having/he had to go and fight in a civil war.

2. The family was scattered to the wind.

The family was separated and sent to different destinations/torn apart by a tornado/left without
food or housing.

3. Now, that couple’s kindness set me on a path...

The couple kindly asked me to leave/gave me supplies for my journey ahead/gave me a

foundation for the future with their kindness.

4. AI is making amazing things possible for organisations and for people who otherwise
would have been left behind.

Without AI, there wouldn’t have been the same possibilities for people living in poorer
countries/who haven’t had the same advantages as most/with no access to decent
transportation.

5. And to help break down those barriers is one of the reasons I founded my company.

I created the company to make things more accessible/remove walls and doors/explain
difficulties for people.

6. In fact, one of our customers has 49 languages spoken in some of their facilities, with
English long way down the list.

In many facilities, the employees are multilingual and many/few/most of them speak English.

7. I was so scrawny because we didn’t have enough to eat.

Due to lack of food, I was slim/slender/skinny.

8. I want to live in a world where people are not limited by local language...

The inability to understand the local language could/should not/ought to be a barrier for people
in an ideal world.

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AI AND INEQUALITY

4 Watching for details

Look at the following aspects from the video. Watch the video and see how they are connected to
Jamila Gordon’s story.

1. a backpacker
2. a Japanese restaurant
3. 14 children
4. every 20 metres

5 Comprehension

Watch the video again and answer the following questions.

1. Jamila Gordon was affected by ... in the first 18 years of her life.

a. living in a place with lots of crime

b. not having access to education due to civil war
c. a natural disaster, a war, and a civil war
d. an incurable disease and a civil war

2. Her journey took her ...

a. to Europe and then eventually to America.

b. to Australia via Kenya.
c. first to Australia and then to Kenya.
d. to Japan via Australia.

3. After starting out washing dishes in a restaurant, Jamila Gordon was eventually able to ...

a. complete a degree in software development.

b. buy her own airline.
c. run her own kitchen in a restaurant.
d. start her own successful business.

4. She wants to use Artificial Intelligence to ...

a. increase automation so that fewer people need to work.

b. find the best people for the top jobs, regardless of their backgrounds.
c. make significant savings for poorer people in terms of time and financial investment.
d. empower less fortunate people and help them find work and stay safe.

5. When talking about what AI can do, Jamila Gordon does not mention its ability to ...

a. deliver training to employees in a variety of different languages.

b. encourage employees to follow safety protocols.
c. monitor the stress levels and well-being of employees.
d. aid employees in improving their performance.

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AI AND INEQUALITY

6. According to Jamila Gordon, people employed in the food industry are often ...

a. illiterate and unable to speak the local language.

b. working at more than one job to make ends meet.
c. supporting large families with their salary.
d. able to work longer hours than people in other industries.

7. When Jamila Gordon looks back on her childhood, she ...

a. wants people to understand what she went through.

b. needs governments to understand the effect of their decisions on children.
c. doesn’t want other children to have to repeat her experiences.
d. is very grateful for the situations she was able to experience.

8. Jamila Gordon’s main desire for the future is to ...

a. integrate AI into the everyday lives of millions of people around the globe.
b. help people to travel globally and understand different cultures.
c. enable governments to prevent poverty and wars and to promote peace.
d. remove the limitations on people’s access to information and safe working conditions.

6 Talking point

In pairs, answer the following questions.

1. What is your reaction to Jamila Gordon’s story of her life? How does it make you feel?
2. What was your first job when you were younger? What did it teach you?
3. Who was an influence in your life when you were just starting in your career? What did you
learn from them ? What did they do to set you on a path?
4. What is your opinion about Jamila Gordon’s plans for using AI? What do you think the positives
and the negatives are about increased used of AI in the workplace?
5. What help can disadvantaged people receive in your country? What difficulties do they have
if they arrive in your country from somewhere else?
6. Would you want children to have the same experiences as you did when you were a child, or
not? Which experiences do you think would be useful for them? What did your childhood teach
you?

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AI AND INEQUALITY

7 Focus on vocabulary

Part A: Complete the definitions with the segments listed below.

act of showing certain political beliefs insulting or threatening it is appropriate

not providing proof position of authority to trick people you can trust

1. inclined (adj.) - someone feeling that (or they are likely) to do something
2. allegedly (adv.) - when something is said to have happened, but they are
3. cyber-harassment (n) - the act of someone online
4. credibility (n) - the quality that means someone or something
5. propaganda (n) - news stories or ideas, which are often false, designed to encourage people
to think in a certain way or support
6. petition (n) - a list of people’s signatures showing support for an idea or a change, addressed
to someone in a
7. authentication (n) - the that something or someone is genuine
8. doctor (v) - to change something, often an image, in order

Part B: Now put the words from Part A into the correct gap in the following sentences.

1. Before he was considered for the job, his degree certificates had to go through a process of
.
2. With freedom of speech not being a right, the media in the country really just spreads
on behalf of the government.
3. I think animal cruelty is a real problem and I’m asking people to sign this online
demanding harsher punishments for it.
4. It’s a troubling fact that, with the rise of social media, increasing numbers of children have experienced
.
5. The politician lost all when it was discovered that he had lied about his military
service.
6. The CEO, who stole £300,000 from her own company, is currently being
investigated by police.
7. The doctor’s calm and confident attitude made people more to trust him.
8. Although it appeared to provide evidence of the Loch Ness Monster, it turned out the
photograph had been .

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AI AND INEQUALITY

8 Discuss

In pairs, answer the following questions.

1. Have you used any face-swapping technologies on your phone? What were the results like?
2. What do you know about "deepfake technology"? Have you seen any examples of it being
used? What did you think about it?
3. What do you think could be the positives and the negatives of this technology?

Now answer the following questions.

1. Have you ever had to provide authentication of important documents? What was it for?
2. Have you, or anyone you know, experienced cyber-harassment? What happened? What was the
result of the situation?
3. Have you ever seen an example of propaganda? Where was it? What ideas did it promote?
4. What are you inclined to do with your free time?
5. Have you ever signed a petition? What was it for? Was it successful?
6. What do you think is the difference between doctoring and editing a photograph?

9 Skimming for general meaning

Quickly skim through the text on the next page and match the following titles to each of the paragraphs.
One is not used.

1. Finding balance a. Not used

2. Constructive uses of b. Paragraph 1

the technology
3. How to make deepfakes c. Paragraph 2

4. A case of abuse d. Paragraph 3

5. A cause for concern e. Paragraph 4

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AI AND INEQUALITY

Synonyms

Scan through the text to find synonyms for the following adjectives.

1. disgusting (Paragraph 1)
2. fearsome (Paragraph 2)
3. disturbing (Paragraph 3)
4. well-known (Paragraph 3)
5. challenging (Paragraph 3)
6. concerned (Paragraph 4)
7. furious (Paragraph 4)
8. important (Paragraph 4)

10 Comprehension

Now read the text more carefully and decide if the following statements are True, False or Not Given.

1. Mrs Spone hoped the video would result in the other girls being removed from the
Cheerleading team.
2. The coach gave the video, which Mrs Spone had sent him, to the police.
3. Government officials aren’t overly concerned about deepfakes yet.
4. Deepfakes can be used to spread fake news and to help with online fraud and political misinformation.
5. David Beckham has suffered from malaria in the past.
6. Deepfakes can be used to stop someone from being recognised on the television.
7. There’s currently no way to tell the difference between a deepfake and the real thing.
8. According to the author, how we use a new invention is what makes it positive or negative.

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DEEPFAKES

Deepfake Technology
The pros and cons of deception

1.
In Pennsylvania in the United States, a concerned Swahili, French and Hindi. The genuine voices of
mother, Raffaela Spone, sent a video to the coach doctors and survivors of the disease were used and
of her daughter’s cheerleading team. In the video, made to seem as though they were coming from
girls on the team, the Victory Vipers, can be seen Beckham’s mouth. Thanks to this technology, a
"naked, drinking and smoking". Surely, this type of
well- recognised face was able to deliver an
behaviour is abhorrent for cheerleaders? Mrs Spone
important message to millions of people around
wanted the girls in the video to be kicked off the
the world in their own language. Deepfakes have
team. Obviously, many people would be inclined
also been used effectively to create professional
to agree with her. Except that it never happened. The
training videos for companies, an increasingly
video was created using "deepfake" technology,
problematic task to achieve in person during the
allegedly by Mrs Spone herself. Using photographs
COVID-19 pandemic. It allows people to create
from the girls’ social media accounts, she had
avatars of themselves to virtually take part in
generated the videos which placed the faces of the
training exercises. In addition to stealing identities,
cheerleaders over the faces of the actual people in
it can also protect them. Deepfakes have been
the video. Mrs Spone has since been arrested and
used in news reports to hide the real faces of
charged with cyber-harassment.
people who are in danger.
2.
In the case of the cheerleaders, the police were 4.
For now, the FBI advises people who are troubled
able to identify the fake video quite quickly. Yet,
by news of deepfakes to practice good information
government agencies are taking deepfakes seriously.
hygiene: exercising greater care with their personal
The ability to take someone’s image and make it do or
data and requiring authentication from people.
say whatever the creator wants is an awe-inspiring
There’s also the good news that scientists have
tool in the wrong hands. America’s Federal Bureau
been working on technology that detects deepfakes
of Investigation (FBI) has already seen deepfakes
by looking carefully at reflections of light in the
used to add a journalist’s credibility to a fake
eyes. A doctored image will not reproduce light in
article, which then gets reported by genuine
the same way. So, while we do need to be
newsrooms. The same has been true of
cautious, there is no need to fear deepfakes.
spearfishing attacks, the name given to a crime
They are an aspect of artificial intelligence that
when someone receives an email from a criminal
could have numerous positive uses. It’s important
pretending to be someone they know and trust,
to always engage your critical thinking skills when
which encourages them to grant access to
viewing or sharing content online. If you’re enraged
important information or private networks.
that someone said something so awful, you need to
Deepfakes have also been used to push political
double-check that they actually said it at all. Like
propaganda.
most inventions of humankind: the Internet, cars,
3.
Not all uses of deepfake technology are sinister fire, nuclear power, and cameras, to name a few; it
though. In 2019, David Beckham, the renowned is not the invention itself, but how it is used which is
English footballer, appeared in a video for Malaria significant.
No More UK asking viewers to support a petition
Sources: BBC News, Interestingengineering.com,
to demand action against the disease. In the
Phonearena.com
video, he spoke a number of languages, including
Arabic,

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AI AND INEQUALITY

11 Talking point

In small groups, discuss the following questions.

Imagine you are a committee formed to discuss Internet policy in your country.

1. What recommendations would you make for the policy on Deepfake Technology?
2. Would you consider banning it? What would the implications of this be?
3. How could you encourage it to be used in a positive way?
4. Should any limitations be imposed on its use? How would this work?

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