Syllabus 2022-2023

Class: XI
BIOLOGY (CODE NO. 044)
COURSE STRUCTURE

Total Times: 3 hrs Total Marks: 70

S.No UNIT NAME MARKS

I Diversity of Living Organisms 15

II Structural Organization in Plants and Animals 10

III Cell: Structure and Function 15

IV Plant Physiology 12

V Human Physiology 18

TOTAL 70

UNIT-I: DIVERSITY OF LIVING ORGANISMS

CHAPTER-1: THE LIVING WORLD BIODIVERSITY

Need for classification; three domains of life; taxonomy and systematics; concept of
species and taxonomical hierarchy; binomial nomenclature

CHAPTER-2: BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION

five kingdom classification Salient features and classification of Monera, Protista and
Fungi into major groups; Lichens, Viruses and Viroids.

CHAPTER-3: PLANT KINGDOM

Classification of plants into major groups; Salient and distinguishing features and a
few examples of Algae, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae (Topics excluded –
Angiosperms, Plant Life Cycle and Alternation of Generations)

Class XI www.vedantu.com 1
CHAPTER-4: ANIMAL KINGDOM
Salient features and classification of animals, non-chordates up to phyla level and
chordates up to class level (salient features and at a few examples of each category).
(No live animals or specimen should be displayed.)

UNIT-II: STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION IN ANIMALS AND PLANT

CHAPTER-5: MORPHOLOGY OF FLOWERING PLANTS

Morphology of different parts of flowering plants: root, stem, leaf, inflorescence,

flower, fruit and seed. Description of family Solanaceae

CHAPTER-6: ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS

Anatomy and functions of tissue systems in dicots and monocots.

CHAPTER-7: STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION IN ANIMALS

Morphology, Anatomy and functions of different systems (digestive, circulatory,

respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of frog.

UNIT-III: CELL: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

CHAPTER-8: CELL-THE UNIT OF LIFE

Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life, structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cells; Plant cell and animal cell; cell envelope; cell membrane, cell wall; cell
organelles - structure and function; endomembrane system, endoplasmic reticulum,
golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, microbodies;
cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles (ultrastructure and function); nucleus

CHAPTER-9: BIOMOLECULES

Chemical constituents of living cells: biomolecules, structure and function of proteins,

carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids; Enzyme - types, properties, enzyme action.
(Topics excluded: Nature of Bond Linking Monomers in a Polymer, Dynamic State of
Body Constituents – Concept of Metabolism, Metabolic Basis of Living, The Living
State)

Class XI www.vedantu.com 2
CHAPTER-10: CELL CYCLE AND CELL DIVISION

Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance

UNIT-IV: PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

CHAPTER-13: PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN HIGHER PLANTS

Photosynthesis as a means of autotrophic nutrition; site of photosynthesis, pigments

involved in photosynthesis (elementary idea); photochemical and biosynthetic phases
of photosynthesis; cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation; chemiosmotic
hypothesis; photorespiration; C3 and C4 pathways; factors affecting photosynthesis.

CHAPTER-14: RESPIRATION IN PLANTS

Exchange of gases; cellular respiration - glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic), TCA

cycle and electron transport system (aerobic); energy relations - number of ATP
molecules generated; amphibolic pathways; respiratory quotient.

CHAPTER-15: PLANT - GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

Seed germination; phases of plant growth and plant growth rate; conditions of growth;
differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation; sequence of developmental
processes in a plant cell; growth regulators - auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene,
ABA;

UNIT-V: HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY

CHAPTER-17: BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES

Respiratory organs in animals (recall only); Respiratory system in humans; mechanism

of breathing and its regulation in humans - exchange of gases, transport of gases and
regulation of respiration, respiratory volume; disorders related to respiration - asthma,
emphysema, occupational respiratory disorders.

CHAPTER-18: BODY FLUIDS AND CIRCULATION

Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood; composition of lymph and

its function; human circulatory system - Structure of human heart and blood vessels;
cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG; double circulation; regulation of cardiac activity;

Class XI www.vedantu.com 3
disorders of circulatory system - hypertension, coronary artery disease, angina
pectoris, heart failure.

CHAPTER-19: EXCRETORY PRODUCTS AND THEIR ELIMINATION

Modes of excretion - ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism; human excretory system

– structure and function; urine formation, osmoregulation; regulation of kidney
function - renin - angiotensin, atrial natriuretic factor, ADH and diabetes insipidus;
role of other organs in excretion; disorders - uremia, renal failure, renal calculi,
nephritis; dialysis and artificial kidney, kidney transplant.

CHAPTER-20: LOCOMOTION AND MOVEMENT

Types of movement - ciliary, flagellar, muscular; skeletal muscle, contractile proteins

and muscle contraction; skeletal system and its functions; joints; disorders of muscular
and skeletal systems - myasthenia gravis, tetany, muscular dystrophy, arthritis,
osteoporosis, gout.

CHAPTER-21: NEURAL CONTROL AND COORDINATION

Neuron and nerves; Nervous system in humans - central nervous system; peripheral
nervous system and visceral nervous system; generation and conduction of nerve
impulse.

CHAPTER-22: CHEMICAL COORDINATION AND INTEGRATION

Endocrine glands and hormones; human endocrine system - hypothalamus, pituitary,

pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads; mechanism of hormone action
(elementary idea); role of hormones as messengers and regulators, hypo - and
hyperactivity and related disorders; dwarfism, acromegaly, cretinism, goiter,
exophthalmic goitre, diabetes, Addison's disease.

Note: Diseases related to all the human physiological systems to be taught in brief.

Class XI www.vedantu.com 4
 PRACTICALS

Total Times: 3 hrs Total Marks: 30

Evaluation Scheme for Examination Marks

One Major Experiment Part A (Experiment No- 1,3,7,8) 5
One Minor Experiment Part A (Experiment No- 6,9,10,11,12,13) 4
Slide Preparation Part A (Experiment No- 2,4,5) 5
Spotting Part B 7
Practical Record + Viva Voce 4
Project Record + Viva Voce 5
TOTAL 30

A: LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Study and describe locally available common flowering plants, from family
Solanaceae (Poaceae, Asteraceae or Brassicaceae can besubstituted in case of
particular geographical location) including dissection and display of floral whorls,
anther and ovary to show number of chambers (floral formulae and floral diagrams),
type of root (tap and adventitious); type of stem (herbaceous and woody); leaf
(arrangement, shape, venation, simple and compound).

2. Preparation and study of T.S. of dicot and monocot roots and stems (primary).

3. Study of osmosis by potato osmometer.

4. Study of plasmolysis in epidermal peels (e.g. Rhoeo/lily leaves or flashy scale

leaves of onion bulb).

5. Study of distribution of stomata on the upper and lower surfaces of leaves.

6. Comparative study of the rates of transpiration in the upper and lower surfaces of
leaves.

Class XI www.vedantu.com 5
7. Test for the presence of sugar, starch, proteins and fats in suitable plant and animal

materials.

8. Separation of plant pigments through paper chromatography.

9. Study of the rate of respiration in flower buds/leaf tissue and germinating seeds.

10. Test for presence of urea in urine.

11. Test for presence of sugar in urine.

12. Test for presence of albumin in urine.

13. Test for presence of bile salts in urine

B. STUDY AND OBSERVE THE FOLLOWING (SPOTTING):

1. Parts of a compound microscope.

2. Specimens/slides/models and identification with reasons - Bacteria, Oscillatoria,

Spirogyra, Rhizopus, mushroom, yeast, liverwort, moss, fern, pine, one monocoty
ledonous plant, one dicotyledonous plant and one lichen.

3. Virtual specimens/slides/models and identifying features of - Amoeba,

Hydra,liverfluke,

Ascaris, leech, earthworm, prawn, silkworm, honey bee, snail, starfish, shark, rohu,
frog, lizard, pigeon and rabbit.

4. Mitosis in onion root tip cells and animals cells (grasshopper) from permanent
slides.

5. Different types of inflorescence (cymose and racemose).

6. Human skeleton and different types of joints with the help of virtual images/models
only

PRESCRIBED BOOKS:

1. Biology Class-XI, Published by NCERT

2. Other related books and manuals brought out by NCERT (consider multimedia also)

Class XI www.vedantu.com 6