IB Biology Topic 7 – Nucleic acids HL Revision Sheet

DNA structure DNA replication (in prokaryotes) – Enzyme functions What part do nucleosomes play in supercoiling?”
• Nucleosomes are _________________________________________________________ 
 • Helicase ___________________________________________________ 
• Non-coding regions of DNA could be ____________, ___________or _____________ 
 • DNA gyrase ________________________________________________ 
• Regulators of gene expression are  
 • single strand binding proteins __________________________________ 
_______________________________________________________________________  
 • DNA primase _______________________________________________ 
• Introns are ____________________________________________________________  
 • DNA polymerases I ___________________________________________ 
• telomeres are _________________________________________________________  
 • DNA polymerase III. __________________________________________ 
• tRNA genes are _________________________________________________________ 

Applications Name the four enzymes and the strands A & B Compare & contrast DNA replication in
leading stand with the lagging stand.
• Crossing over during prophase I of meiosis causes gamete chromosomes to more varied than _________________________ 
_____________________________________

• Deoxynucleic acids are used in base sequencing because ______________________________________________________  _____________________________________

_____________________________________
• Tandem repeats are short blocks of DNA repeated over and over. This makes them useful in DNA profiling because. 
 _____________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 
_____________________________________

• Hersey chase experiment used a virus-infecting bacteria to provide evidence that DNA was ____________________________  ____________________________________

Transcription & control of gene expression Outline the three stages of translation
Initiation _____________________________
Nucleosomes can regulate transcription by _________________________________________________________________
______________________________________
Gene expression can be regulated using proteins that bind to specific ____________________________________ in the DNA.
Synthesis _____________________________

The environment of a cell can also affect ______________________________________ and heritable epigenetic factors. ______________________________________
Termination __________________________
mRNA is modified by splicing after transcription to remove __________________ or to increase the number of different
_______________ made by a single gene. ______________________________________

Ribosome binding sites Compare & contrast free ribosomes and bound ribosomes • State what makes primary structure in a protein Describe tertiary and quaternary structure
in proteins using a diagram
Free ribosomes Bound ribosomes _____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
• Describe these secondary structures
Alpha helix _______________________________________________

Beta pleated sheet ___________________________________________