E Commerce(s)

University of Chakwal
Department of Computer Science
Business Models of E-commerce

1. B2C:
B2C, or business-to-consumer, is a retail model where products or services
move directly from a business to the end user who has purchased the goods
or services for personal use. The B2C business model applies to any business
transaction where the consumer directly receives goods or services, such as
small businesses and entrepreneurs, retail stores, restaurants and doctor's
offices. B2C most often refers to e-commerce businesses, which use online
platforms to connect their products with consumers. Some B2C businesses
use their platforms to market and sell their own products; others connect
buyers to sellers, using content traffic to sell advertising spaces or restricting
content to paid subscriptions. Popular B2C companies include Amazon,
eBay, Meta, Netflix, The New York Times Co. and Uber.
Some Website Exmples:

2. B2B:
Business-to-business (B2B), also called B-to-B, is a form of transaction
between businesses, such as one involving a manufacturer and
wholesaler, or a wholesaler and a retailer. Business-to-business refers to
business that is conducted between companies, rather than between a
company and individual consumer. B2B transactions tend to happen in
the supply chain, where one company will purchase raw materials from
another to be used in the manufacturing process. B2B transactions are
also commonplace for auto industry companies, as well as property
management, housekeeping, and industrial cleanup companies.
General Electric:
General Electric or GE is also a famous B2B conglomerate
ecommerce company in New York having headquarters in Boston,
US.
The company includes different industry verticals like finance,
lighting, aviation, health care, renewable energy, and digital
industry.
AutoGlobalTrade:
AutoGlobalTrade aka AG is one of the multinational B2B companies in
Switzerland that landed on the automobile trading field. The company
will export and import quality vehicles to 90 countries globally. They
are the leading trader of Ford, Chevrolet, Lincoln, GMC in three major
continents like America, Europe, and Asia.
eWorldTrade :
eWorldTrade is one of the largest B2B companies in the US, named for the
electronic marketplace. It has worldwide manufacturers, clients, and
suppliers with quality services.
As an ISO certified company, eWorldTrade appreciated for their customer
satisfaction. The products are minerals, machinery, plastics, home
appliances, etc.
3. C2C:
Customer to customer (C2C) is a business model whereby customers can
trade with each other, typically in an online environment. Two
implementations of C2C markets are auctions and classified advertisements.
C2C businesses are a type of business model that emerged with e-commerce
technology and the sharing economy. Some C2C companies have problems,
such as a lack of quality control and payment guarantees. C2C marketing
has soared in popularity with the arrival of the internet and companies such
as eBay, Etsy, and Craigslist.
OLX:
Airbnb:
Rover:
Services for every dog and cat · Meet local sitters who will treat your pets like
family.
4. C2B:
In consumer-to-business model, consumers create value and businesses

benefit from that value. Think about your company hiring a freelance writer
or simply reading customer reviews that share ideas for innovation. That’s
consumer-to-business. C2B flips the traditional business model on its head to
focus on value (not necessarily a physical product) that originates with the
consumer. Often this ecommerce model uses an intermediary to meet
audiences online, such as a platform where businesses can browse consumer
profiles and choose whom to hire — like Upwork, Fiverr, or an influencer
marketing platform. Even online review platforms count as C2B ecommerce
because they provide both data for businesses to use and feedback on how
the business could improve.
Fiverr:
Fiverr is a global online marketplace for freelance services. Fiverr’s platform
connects freelancers to people or businesses looking to hire.
Toptal:
Toptal is a global remote company that provides a freelancing platform,
connecting businesses with software engineers, designers, finance
experts, product managers, and project managers.
5. G2B:
G2B models are government agencies that offer services to businesses. This
might look like business licenses, electronic forms, or registering a startup
online. Businesses act as the customer in G2B purchase cycles. It’s the
government’s job to offer valuable and convenient digital services and
information. Typically, digital government portals are used to carry out this
ecommerce business model. The government provides helpful business
services that companies can use online. From business permits to
government contracting to taxes, government agencies seek to make
processes available online to their business audience.
Samsat Online:
SAMSAT Online is an example of a service given by the government under
regulations and laws for the payment of motor vehicle taxes and other fees,
such as registration fees. In order to facilitate community payments, this
government agency collaborates with other banks. Samsat Online was also
developed in Indonesia. For those who don’t want to leave their homes
during this epidemic, samsat online is a great option since they may pay for
it without having to leave their homes..
6. B2G:
Business-to-government is a complex business model in which a government

buys products, services, or information from companies. This might look
like a telecommunications company or engineering business offering its
services to a government agency.
B2G can apply to local, state, federal, or international governments. The
process works a little differently than other business models — in most
cases, the government does not go directly to an ecommerce website to
purchase. Instead, a government agency looking for a product or service will
put out a request for information (RFI) and request for proposal (RFP) so
relevant businesses can share what they have to offer. The administration
will then decide which company to work with. B2G comes with lots of laws,
regulations, and documentation to govern transactions and business
relationships.
However, B2G ecommerce transactions do sometimes take place on websites
with a marketplace model, where businesses share their products or services
and government entities can choose whom to work with at their leisure.
Attuneiot:
Attuneiot is an internet solution service provider, with the main product
being a complete IoT Technology Stack. In detail, Attuneiot’s service
provides modular connectivity for the digitization of assets in the physical
environment.
Mark43
Mark43 is also a company specializing in providing technology solutions.
Their most successful B2G mission was to optimize the police cloud data
system, allowing them to process data more quickly.
7. G2C:
In the government-to-consumer model, a government sells to consumers.
This setup describes the relationship between public administration and
residents. For example, the consumer might need official documents or
simply information from the government. Other examples include
educational services, employment help, and voting. Whatever the case may
be, the G2C model delivers value from a government agency to the residents
it represents. With G2C ecommerce, all communication and transactions
take place online. Similar to G2B models, the government provides federal
and regional websites and e-platforms where consumers can make payments,
access helpful information, and find resources.
BelgainTrain:
Government Service of Train traveling in Belgium.
8. Mobile Commerce:
Mobile commerce, also known as m-commerce, involves using wireless
handheld devices like cellphones and tablets to conduct commercial
transactions online, including the purchase and sale of products, online
banking, and paying bills. The use of m-commerce activity is on the rise.
With m-commerce, users can transact anywhere provided there's a wireless
internet provider available in that area. Mobile commerce has increased
rapidly as security issues have been resolved. Companies like Apple and
Google have introduced their own mobile commerce services.
Google pay:
For paying, Google provides service of google pay.
Uber:
9. Subscription Commerce Model:

A subscription business model is one in which customers are charged a
recurring fee for access to a product instead of a one-time expense. This
recurring fee is often paid monthly or yearly, and the customer is often
given the choice of which frequency to purchase at. The subscription
revenue model helps you capitalize on the compounding value of
customer relationships; As long as your customers continually see the
value your company provides for them, they'll continue to pay you for
it.
Blue Apron:
Adobe:
Spotify:
10. Social Commerce:

Social commerce is the use of social media platforms like Facebook and
Instagram to market and sell products and services. This type of selling
model lets customers complete purchases without leaving social media
apps.
Shoppers can use social commerce to:
 Discover brands
 Research products
 Interact with customer support
 Purchase items
Social commerce is a more convenient and interactive shopping experience
which may explain why it’s becoming increasingly popular. Social
commerce differs from traditional social media marketing strategies where
shoppers view a brand’s content and visit their website to start shopping.
Instead, social platforms like Facebook Shops and Instagram Shops act as
virtual storefronts. Social commerce is a simple way to promote and sell
products. For example, while scrolling on Instagram you may see a set of
skin care products, tap Shop Now, add it to your shopping cart, and check
out within the app.
Instagram:
1. Cloud Commerce:
Cloud commerce, also known as e-commerce or online commerce, is a
business model that involves selling products or services over the internet
using cloud computing technology. In this model, the seller does not have
a physical storefront and the entire transaction, including product display,
order processing, and payment, is conducted online.
The cloud commerce business model allows businesses to reach a wider
audience and reduces the cost of setting up and maintaining a physical
store. Cloud commerce businesses can also leverage the power of data
analytics to optimize their offerings and marketing strategies.
Additionally, cloud commerce platforms typically provide a range of
tools and services to help businesses manage their online stores, such as
inventory management, customer relationship management, and
marketing automation.
Some examples of cloud commerce platforms include Amazon, Shopify,
and Etsy. These platforms provide a range of features and services that
enable businesses of all sizes to set up and manage their online stores
easily and efficiently.
Shopify:
Wordpress:

E Commerce(s)

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University of Chakwal

Department of Computer Science

Business Models of E-commerce

Some Website Exmples:

In consumer-to-business model, consumers create value and businesses

Business-to-government is a complex business model in which a government

9. Subscription Commerce Model:

10. Social Commerce:

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