TLS - XI - Physics - Gravitation - Week2
TLS - XI - Physics - Gravitation - Week2
TLS - XI - Physics - Gravitation - Week2
Topic : Gravitation
Learning outcomes:
1. Students will able to understand the concept of Gravitational force.
2. Students will become familiar with universal gravitational constant.
3. Students will be able to understand Kepler’s Law.
Kepler’s Law (I)
https://youtu.be/7o0mp3f0q60
Kepler’s Law (II)
https://youtu.be/xxh5A8SSG54
Kepler’s Law (III)
https://youtu.be/hPjXY3YWIU8
Escape Velocity
https://youtu.be/YIOEOUmPJ3Y
Polar Satellites
https://youtu.be/E4k3kEA3pmo
Weightlessness
https://youtu.be/0SRFFn3fXvk
Kepler’s 1st Law: Law of Orbits
Statement: - The orbit of every planet is an ellipse around the sun with sun at one of the two
foci of ellipse.
Whenever a planet revolves around sun it traces an ellipse around the sun. The closest point is P
and the farthest point is A, P is called the perihelion and A the aphelion. The semi major axis is
half the distance AP.
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TLS –Physics-Gravitation/Class XI/October2020-21
Fig(a)
A string has its ends fixed at F1 and F2. The tip of the pencil holdsthe string taut and is moved
around and we will get an ellipse.
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TLS –Physics-Gravitation/Class XI/October2020-21
ΔA / Δt =1/2(rxv)
where
(Linear momentum) p=mv or we can write as
v =p/m
=1/2m(rxp)
=1/2 L/2m where L= angular momentum(It is constant for any central force)
ΔA / Δt = constant (This means equal areas are covered in equal intervals of time).
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TLS –Physics-Gravitation/Class XI/October2020-21
Earth Satellites
Any object revolving around the earth.
Natural Satellite
Satellite created by nature.
Example: - Moon is the only natural satellite of earth
artificial Satellites:
Human built objects orbiting the earth for practical uses. There are several purposes which
these satellites serve.
Example:- Practical Uses of Artificial satellites
Communication
Television broadcasts
Weather observation
Military support
Navigation
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TLS –Physics-Gravitation/Class XI/October2020-21
Scientific research
E.=1/2mv2
=1/2 m (GMe/Re+h) by using (1)
E. =1/2 GMe/(Re+h)
E.= -GMem/(Re+h)
Total Energy = K.E. + P.E.
=1 /2 GMe/(Re+h) + -GMem/(Re+h)
E.= GMem/2(Re+h)
Conclusion:-
P.E. = 2 x K.E.
Total energy is negative. This means the satellite cannot escape from the earth’s gravity.
Geostationary Satellite:-
Geo means earth and stationary means at rest. This means something which is stationary.
Satellites orbiting around the Earth in equatorial plane with time period equal to 24 hours.
Appear to be stationary with respect to earth. They also rotate around earth with time period
of 24 hours.
These satellites can receive telecommunication signals and broadcast them back to a wide area
on earth.
Example: INSAT group of satellites.
Polar Satellites
These are low altitude satellites.This means they orbit around earth at lower heights.
They orbit around the earth in North-South direction.Whereas earth is moving from East to
West.
A camera is fixed above this type of satellite so they can view small strips of earth.
As earth also moves, so at each instance different types of stripes of earth can be viewed.
Adjacent stripes of earth are viewed in subsequent orbits.
They are useful in remote sensing, meteorology and environmental studies of the earth.
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TLS –Physics-Gravitation/Class XI/October2020-21
In the above image we can see that the orbit of polar satellites is from north to south direction.
weightlessness
Weightlessness is a condition of free fall, in which the effect of gravity is cancelled by the
inertial (e.g., centrifugal) force resulting from orbital flight. There is no force of gravity acting
on the objects.
It is the condition in which body does not feel its weight at all.
When an apple falls from a tree it won’t feel its weight. This condition experienced by anybody
while in free-fall is known as weightlessness.
Examples: -When we throw an object from the top of building, the object experiences free fall,
that is the object is not under any force. This is weightlessness.
Weightlessness in the orbital motion of satellites
In case of a satellite that is rotating around the earth.
There is an acceleration which is acting towards the centre of the Earth.
This acceleration is known as centripetal acceleration (ac).
There is also earth’s acceleration which is balancing this centripetal acceleration.
g=ac they are equal in magnitude and they are balancing each other.
Inside the satellites there is no acceleration which means everything is moving with uniform
velocity.
Inside an orbiting satellite weightlessness is experienced.
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TLS –Physics-Gravitation/Class XI/October2020-21
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TLS –Physics-Gravitation/Class XI/October2020-21
b)The energy required to launch an orbiting satellite out of earth’s gravitational influence is
more/less than the energy required to project a stationary object at the same height (as
the satellite) out of earth’s influence.
Q18. The planet Mars has two moons Phobos and delmos. (i) Phobos has a period 7 hours, 39
minutes and an orbital radius of 9.4 × 103 km. Calculate the massof mars. (ii) Assume that earth
and mars move in circular orbits around the sun,with the Martian orbit being 1.52 times the
orbital radius of the earth. What isthe length of the Martian year in days?
Q19. Weighing the Earth: You are given the following data: g = 9.81 ms –2, RE = 6.37× 106 m, the
distance to the moon R = 3.84× 108 m and the time period of the moon’s revolution is 27.3 days.
Obtain the mass of the Earth ME in two different ways.
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