Emulsion & Dispersion

Technology

Innovation you can build on TM

www.crodaindustrialchemicals.com Industrial Chemicals

Contents
Emulsion Technology Introduction 1
Identifying and Selecting an Emulsifier 2
Formulating Guidelines for Emulsion Systems 4
Non-ionic Surfactants & HLB System 5
Non-ionic Surfactants 6
l Ethoxylated Alcohols

l Ethoxylated Esters

l Esters

l Ethoxylated Castor Oils

l Poloxamers

l Other

Anionic Surfactants 10
l Phosphate Esters

l Sarcosines

l Sarcosinates

l Fatty Acids

Cationic Surfactants 11
Polymeric Surfactants and Dispersants 12
Silicone Emulsions 14
Silicone Emulsifiers 15
Low Water & Concentrated Silicone Emulsifiers 17
Emulsion Technology
Emulsion technology has always been a core area of Croda’s In addition to our extensive portfolio of non-ionic emulsifiers,
business. Recognised as experts in this field, we have Croda also offers anionic and cationic surfactants which also
produced a number of successful emulsion systems in a function as emulsifiers.
broad range of applications.
For specific demanding emulsion and dispersion applications,
Croda have a wide range of chemistries suitable for the customers should consider Croda’s range of polymeric
following emulsion systems: surfactants. These proprietary polymers provide an extra
degree of working flexibility in formulating, to stabilise the
l Water in oil
emulsion systems by preventing coalescence of emulsified oil
l Oil in water or water droplets under more extreme conditions.
l Water/oil/water
With our knowledge and experience, we can work with you
l Liquid crystal oil in water emulsions
to create the right emulsion system for your application. Our
l Silicone emulsions in-house experts can use their knowledge and expertise of
our product range to suggest the right chemistries for you.
Croda offer a range of non-ionic surfactants for use as
emulsifying agents, with expertise to support our customers
in the development of their products and formulations.

1
 Identifying and Selecting
an Emulsifier
When trying to create an emulsion there are a number Once the different emulsifiers have been blended, they can
of options available to the formulator when selecting be used to identify the HLB value of the mixture to be
an emulsifier. Some use trial and error; others use their emulsified.
previous experience to select the best ingredients. These
methods will eventually lead to a conclusion, but may take
longer than necessary.
The best way to select an emulsifier is to identify the
emulsions HLB value (hydrophilic/lipophilic balance). The
table below can be used to create a set of emulsion systems
with a known HLB, a more detailed datasheet is available. HLB 4 HLB 6 HLB 8 HLB 10 HLB 12 HLB 14

HLB SpanTM 80 TweenTM 80

For this mixture it was found the HLB value was 12. Once
4 100% 0% determined, emulsifiers with a HLB of 11 and 13 can be
6 83% 17% used to confirm the optimum HLB.

8 65% 35%
10 46% 54%
12 28% 72%
14 9% 91%
15 0% 100%

HLB 11 HLB 12 HLB 13

2
 It was confirmed that emulsifiers with a HLB value of 12
produced the most stable emulsion for this mixture. Once
the HLB value has been determined, a range of different
chemistries can be evaluated to find the best fit for the
application or performance requirements.

Surf A Surf B Surf C Surf C Surf C

15% 15% 15% 8% 4%

After identifying C as the best chemistry for the emulsion,

the treat rate of the emulsifier can be optimised.

How Stability of your Emulsion is Affected by HLB and

Concentration of Emulsifier
10

6
Stability

2 HLB 12, Surf C

HLB 12, Surf A
0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15
% Concentration of Emulsifier

With fifteen blends and just over an hour’s work, the HLB of
the emulsion can be identified along with the best chemistry
and optimum treat rate.
This simple method will save time, money and effort. It
also shows how a combination of emulsifiers can be used
to create a stable system. This stops the need to search
for one emulsifier with the desired HLB. This can also help
when dealing with difficult systems to emulsify.

3
 Formulating Guidelines for
Emulsion Systems
It is well established that combining a high and low HLB In order to calculate how much of emulsifier (A) to blend
emulsifier is often more effective than the use of one single with emulsifier (B) to reach a given HLB of X, you can use
emulsifier. Combinations of a range of our emulsifiers can the following equation:
therefore be used to develop various stable emulsions.
Through experimentation, it is important to establish the 100 (X - HLBB)
required HLB of the material and the appropriate chemical % (A) = % (B) = 100 - % (A)
type of the emulsifier blend using the HLB selection HLBA - HLBB
method given in this brochure. Selection of the appropriate
chemistry is as important as identifying the correct HLB. To calculate the required blend of SpanTM 60 and TweenTM 60
For example, emulsifiers with an unsaturated alkyl chain, to emulsify a mixture with a required HLB of 10:
such as an oleyl chain, have an increase affinity for oils
with unsaturated bonds. In this case a blend of SpanTM 80 HLB of TweenTM 60 = 14.9
(sorbitan oleate) and TweenTM 80 (ethoxylated sorbitan
oleate) would be recommended to emulsify these materials. HLB of SpanTM 60 = 4.7
Similarly a blend of emulsifiers with saturated alkyl chains
for example SpanTM 60 (sorbitan stearate) and TweenTM 60
100 (10 - 4.7)
(ethoxylated sorbitan stearate) would be appropriate for % (TweenTM 60) = = 51.5%
emulsifying saturated materials. 14.9 - 4.7
Most materials that are likely to be emulsified (e.g. base oils,
esters, silicone oils) have a published required HLB value. % (SpanTM 60) = 100 - 51.5 = 48.5%
For example, required HLB values of approximately 10 are
usually quoted for mineral oils.
In order to develop a stable emulsion of mineral oil, a blend
of TweenTM and SpanTM 60, combined to give a HLB of 10,
could be evaluated at different concentrations. Further minor
adjustments will be required to optimise the formulation for
stability, viscosity, aesthetics etc.

4
Non-ionic Surfactants and the
HLB System
Non-ionic surfactants are the main emulsifiers and The properties of non-ionic surfactants can be classified by
dispersants used in most market sectors, these can range their HLB (Hydrophilic/Lipophilic Balance) value.
from:
The HLB system was invented over 60 years ago by William
l Silicone oils for use in adhesives, sealants, textiles and C. Griffin of the Atlas Powder Company (now owned by
others Croda). It was designed as a large scale road map to good
l Construction for use as air entrainers, superplasticisers, emulsification performance when using non-ionic surfactants.
set retarders Below is the system developed to select a non-ionic
l Advanced materials for use in applications such as catalyst
surfactant for a desired application based on its HLB value.
dispersion
HLB Use
l Technical and industrial fibres for use in the

manufacturing process 1-3 Mixing unlike oils together, foam control

l Asphalt and bitumen for use road surfacing and roofing
4-6 Stabilising water-in-oil emulsions, wetting
l Natural and synthetic rubbers formation and stabilisation powders into oil
of latexes
7-9 Wetting powders into water
l Wax coatings for wax emulsions used in particle boards,

textiles, ceramics 7-10 Formulating self emulsifying oils

8-16 Stabilising oil-in-water emulsions
13-15 Making detergent solutions
16-20 Solubiliser (micro-emulsifying) into water/
Hydrotrope

On the following pages are a summary our emulsifier

product portfolio, here we have highlighted the chemistries,
HLB (where available), product forms and a brief
application/function guide.
For more information on our products such as MSDS’s and
datasheets, please ask your sales rep or refer to our website
www.crodaindustrialchemicals.com.

5
 Non-ionic Surfactants
Product Name Chemical Description HLB Form Application/Function
at 25°C
Ethoxylated Alcohols
BrijTM S2 Ethoxylated fatty 4.9 Waxy solid Silicone emulsifier, water in oil emulsifier, wetting
alcohol agent for powders, dispersion aid, co-emulsifier,
readily biodegradable
BrijTM O2 Ethoxylated fatty 5 Liquid Water in oil emulsifier, wetting agent for powders,
alcohol dispersion aid, micro emulsifier, co-emulsifier,
solubiliser, antifoam, readily biodegradable
BrijTM C2 Ethoxylated alcohol 5.3 Solid Water in oil emulsifier, wetting agent for powders,
antifoam, dispersion aid, micro emulsifier, co-emulsifier,
solubiliser, readily biodegradable
BrijTM LT3 Ethoxylated alcohol 8 Liquid Water in oil emulsifier, wetting agent for
powders, dispersion aid, antifoam, expected to be
biodegradable
BrijTM LT4 Ethoxylated alcohol 9.5 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, water in oil emulsifier, wetting
agent for powders, dispersion aid, biodegradable
BrijTM L4 Ethoxylated alcohol 9.7 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, water in oil emulsifier, wetting
agent for powders, dispersion aid, NPE 4 replacement
SynperonicTM 13/5 Ethoxylated alcohol 11.2 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier, co-emulsifier,
detergent, wetting agent, expected to be ultimately
biodegradable
SynperonicTM 91/2.5 Ethoxylated alcohol 12 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier, co-emulsifier,
detergent, wetting agent, expected to be substantially
biodegradable
BrijTM O10 Ethoxylated fatty 12.4 Semi solid Oil in water emulsifier, solubiliser, micro emulsifier,
alcohol wetting agent, NPE 8 replacement, readily
biodegradable
SynperonicTM 13/7-85 Ethoxylated alcohol 12.6 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier, co-emulsifier,
wetting agent, high foaming, NPE 9 replacement,
readily biodegradable
SynperonicTM 91/6 Ethoxylated alcohol 13 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier, co-emulsifier,
detergent, wetting agent, readily biodegradable
NatSurfTM 265 Natural ethoxylated 13.6 Liquid Natural oil in water emulsifier, detergent
alcohol
SynperonicTM 91/8 Ethoxylated alcohol 14 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier, co-emulsifier,
detergent, wetting agent, readily biodegradable
BrijTM CS17 Ethoxylated alcohol 15 Solid Oil in water emulsifier, co-emulsifier, detergent,
aqueous dispersant
BrijTM O20 Ethoxylated fatty 15.3 Semi solid Oil in water emulsifier, solubiliser, micro emulsifier,
alcohol NPE 15 replacement, readily biodegradable
BrijTM CS20 Ethoxylated alcohol 15.7 Solid Oil in water emulsifier, co-emulsifier, solubiliser, micro
emulsifier, NPE 15 replacement, readily biodegradable

6
Product Name Chemical Description HLB Form Application/Function
at 25°C
Ethoxylated Esters
CithrolTM 4DL Ethoxylated diester 10 Liquid Oil in water emulsifier, co-emulsifier, NPE 5
replacement
TweenTM 81 Ethoxylated sorbitan 10 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier, co-emulsifier,
ester NPE 5 replacement
AtlasTM G-1086 Ethoxylated sorbitol 10.2 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier, co-emulsifier,
ester NPE 5 replacement
TweenTM 65 Ethoxylated sorbitan 10.5 Paste Water in oil emulsifier, co-emulsifier, NPE 6
triester replacement
TweenTM 85 Ethoxylated sorbitan 11 Liquid Oil in water emulsifier, co-emulsifier, wetting agent,
ester NPE 7 replacement
CithrolTM 4ML Ethoxylated ester 13.1 Liquid Oil in water emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent
Tween 21 TM
Ethoxylated sorbitan 13.3 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier, co-emulsifier,
ester detergent, wetting agent
CithrolTM 6MS Ethoxylated ester 14 Paste Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier, co-emulsifier,
wetting agent, detergent
TweenTM 60 Ethoxylated sorbitan 14.9 Semi solid Oil in water emulsifier, co-emulsifier, detergent, NPE
ester 13 replacement
TweenTM 80 Ethoxylated sorbitan 15 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier,
ester co-emulsifier, detergent, NPE 15 replacement,
inherently biodegradable
CithrolTM 10MS Ethoxylated ester 16 Solid Oil in water emulsifier, co-emulsifier, solubiliser, micro
emulsifier
BrijTM LT23 Ethoxylated alcohol 16.7 Solid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier, solubiliser,
micro emulsifier
TweenTM 20 Ethoxylated sorbitan 16.7 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier, oil solubiliser,
ester micro emulsifier, NPE 20 replacement, inherently
biodegradable
MyrjTM S40 Ethoxylated ester 16.9 Solid Silicone emulsifier, oil solubiliser, micro emulsifier,
expected to be substantially biodegradable
MyrjTM S100 Ethoxylated ester 18.8 Solid Oil in water emulsifier, oil solubiliser, micro emulsifier,
ultimately biodegradable
Esters
SpanTM 85 Sorbitan triester 1.8 Liquid Water in oil emulsifier, co-emulsifier, defoamer,
expected to be biodegradable
SpanTM 80 Sorbitan ester 4.3 Liquid Water in oil emulsifier, co-emulsifier, wetting powders
into oil, antifoam, biodegradable
SpanTM 60 Sorbitan ester 4.7 Solid Silicone emulsifier, water in oil emulsifier, co emulsifier,
wetting powders into oil, antifoam, expected to be
biodegradable

7
 Non-ionic Surfactants
Product Name Chemical Description HLB Form Application/Function
at 25°C
Esters Continued
SpanTM 40 Sorbitan ester 6.7 Solid Water in oil emulsifier, co-emulsifier, antifoam,
expected to be biodegradable
SpanTM 20 Sorbitan ester 8.6 Liquid Water in oil emulsifier, co-emulsifier, wetting
powders into water, NPE 4 replacement,
ultimately biodegradable
Ethoxylated Castor Oils
EtocasTM 29 Ethoxylated castor oil 11.6 Liquid Oil in water emulsifier, co-emulsifier, wetting
agent, NPE 7 replacement, ultimately
biodegradable
EtocasTM 32 Ethoxylated castor oil 12.2 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, detergent, wetting agent
EtocasTM 35 Ethoxylated castor oil 12.7 Liquid Oil in water emulsifier, co-emulsifier, detergent,
wetting agent, NPE 9 replacement, ultimately
biodegradable
EtocasTM 200 Ethoxylated castor oil 18.1 Waxy Silicone emulsifier, oil solubiliser, micro emulsifier
solid
Poloxamers
SynperonicTM PE/L121 EO/PO block copolymer 0.5 Liquid Water in oil emulsifier, wetting agent, defoamer,
demulsifier
SynperonicTM PE/L101 EO/PO block copolymer 1 Liquid Water in oil emulsifier, defoamer, wetting agent,
demulsifier
SynperonicTM PE/L61 EO/PO block copolymer 3 Liquid Water in oil emulsifier, defoamer/low foaming,
solubiliser, ultimately biodegradable
SynperonicTM PE/25R2 EO/PO block copolymer 6.3 Liquid Emulsifier, defoamer / low foaming, detergent,
wetting agent, ultimately biodegradable
SynperonicTM PE/P105 EO/PO block copolymer 15 Paste Oil in water emulsifier, dispersant, detergent,
defoamer
SynperonicTM PE/L64 EO/PO block copolymer 15 Liquid Water soluble emulsifier, wetting agent,
detergent, foam reduction, friction modifier in
textiles, ultimately biodegradable
SynperonicTM PE/L44 EO/PO block copolymer 16 Liquid Oil in water emulsifier, detergent, wetting agent,
defoamer, solubiliser, expected to be ultimately
biodegradable
SynperonicTM PE/P84 EO/PO block copolymer 18.5 Paste Oil in water emulsifier, dispersant, co-emulsifier,
solubiliser, micro emulsifier
SynperonicTM PE/F127 EO/PO block copolymer 22 Solid Oil in water emulsifier, co-emulsifier, aqueous
dispersant, solubiliser
SynperonicTM PE/F87 EO/PO block copolymer 24 Solid Water soluble oil in water emulsifier, dispersant,
solubiliser
SynperonicTM PE/F68 EO/PO block copolymer 29 Solid Oil in water emulsifier, dispersant, wetting agent
Synperonic PE/F108
TM
EO/PO block copolymer - Solid Water soluble, oil in water emulsifier, detergent,
dispersant, solubiliser
SynperonicTM PE/L62 EO/PO block copolymer 7 Liquid Water soluble wetting agent, dispersant,
defoamer, detergent, expected to be ultimately
biodegradable

8
Product Name Chemical Description HLB Form Application/Function
at 25°C
Others
SynperonicTM T/1301 Alkoxylated ethylene diamine 2 Liquid Water in oil emulsifier, co-emulsifier, defoamer/
low foaming, wetting agent, solubiliser
SynperonicTM T/701 Alkoxylated ethylene diamine 3 Liquid Water in oil emulsifier, co-emulsifier, defoamer,
dispersant, ultimately biodegradable
MultitropeTM 1620 Polysaccharide 13 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, emulsifier, detergent, foaming
agent, wetting agent, biodegradable
SynperonicTM T/908 Alkoxylated ethylene diamine >20 Liquid Oil in water emulsifier, aqueous dispersant,
solubiliser, applications in catalysis, expected to
be partially biodegradable
SynperonicTM LF/26 Alcohol alkoxylate - Liquid Emulsifier, defoamer, wetting agent, antistatic in
textile processing
SynperonicTM LF/30 Alcohol alkoxylate - Liquid Emulsifier, detergent, defoamer/low foaming,
wetting agent
SynperonicTM NCA 810 Synthetic alcohol alkoxylate - Liquid Emulsifier, defoamer/low foaming, detergent,
wetting agent, ultimately biodegradable
SynperonicTM NCA 830 Synthetic alcohol alkoxylate - Liquid Emulsifier, defoamer, detergent, wetting agent,
expected to be ultimately biodegradable
SynperonicTM NCA 850 Synthetic alcohol alkoxylate - Liquid Emulsifier, defoamer, detergent, wetting agent,
ultimately biodegradable

9
 Anionic Surfactants
Croda also provides a wide range of anionic surfactants with For oil in water emulsions, the PrisorineTM and PrifacTM
emulsion properties. Anionic surfactants can emulsify when series require neutralisation with a suitable base
non-ionic surfactants do not perform to the required level. (e.g. triethanolamine or sodium hydroxide) to become
Included in this range are: water-dispersible or water-soluble.
l Phosphate esters CrodafosTM and MultitropeTM series, Co-emulsifiers, which modify the surface of the desired
products available in both acid and neutralised forms phase and help emulsification and stabilisation, can also be
sourced from Croda’s range of esters, lanolin products and
l Sarcosines/sarcosinates CrodasinicTM series, products
fatty acids.
available in both acid and neutralised forms
l Fatty acids PrisorineTM and PrifacTM series

Product Name Chemical Description Form Application/Function

at 25°C
Phosphate Esters
CrodafosTM 810A Phosphate ester Liquid Silicone emulsifier, emulsifier, detergent, hydrotrope and
antistatic functionality, biodegradable
CrodafosTM CS2A Phosphate ester Solid Oil in water emulsifier, aqueous dispersant, micro
emulsifier, electrolyte tolerant
CrodafosTM O3A Phosphate ester Liquid Emulsifier, wetting agent, antistatic functionality, corrosion
inhibitor, antiwear additive
CrodafosTM O5A Phosphate ester Liquid Emulsifier, wetting agent, antistatic functionality, corrosion
inhibitor, antiwear additive
CrodafosTM T5A Phosphate ester Liquid Emulsifier, detergent, hydrotrope, antistatic functionality,
wetting agent, corrosion inhibitor, dispersant, solubiliser
MultitropeTM 1214 Alkoxylated phosphate ester Liquid Emulsifier, detergent, micro emulsifier, alkaline/
bleach/peroxide stable, corrosion inhibitor, ultimately
biodegradable
Sarcosines
CrodasinicTM C Sarcosine Liquid Emulsifier, detergent, wetting agent, acid and alkaline stable,
corrosion inhibitor, biodegradable
CrodasinicTM L Sarcosine Solid Emulsifier, wetting agent, electrolyte tolerant, corrosion
inhibitor, biodegradable
CrodasinicTM O Sarcosine Liquid Emulsifier, detergent, wetting agent, foaming agent,
electrolyte tolerant, corrosion inhibitor, biodegradable
Sarcosinates
CrodasinicTM CS30 Sarcosinate Liquid Emulsifier, detergent, high foaming, wetting agent, micro
emulsifier, alkaline/bleach/peroxide stable, corrosion
inhibitor, expected to be readily biodegradable
CrodasinicTM LS30 Sarcosinate Liquid Silicone emulsifier, emulsifier, detergent, high foaming,
Crodasinic LS35 TM
Sarcosinate Liquid wetting agent, micro emulsifier, alkaline/bleach/peroxide
stable, corrosion inhibitor, readily biodegradable
Crodasinic LS95 TM
Sarcosinate Powder
Fatty Acids
PrisorineTM 3501 Isostearic acid Liquid Emulsifier in neutralised form, surfactant intermediate,
Prisorine 3505
TM
Isostearic acid (vegetable) Liquid dispersant agent for metallic formulations, lubricant,
oxidatively stable, expected to be biodegradable
Prisorine 3508
TM
Isostearic acid (vegetable) Liquid

10
Cationic
Surfactants
Croda provide a select number of cationic surfactants, their l Emulsifiers for bitumen emulsions due to their
positive charge gives them a range of unique properties and compatibility with a range of aggregates
benefits in a range of applications. Cationic surfactants are l General emulsion and dispersion technology
compatible with non-ionic surfactants however due to the l Softeners and antistatic additives in textiles
positive charge most cannot be used in the presence of anionics.
l Surface antistatics
Cationic surfactants have a range of uses within industrial l Personal care formulations
sectors such as:

Product Name Chemical Description Form Application/Function

at 25°C
ArlasilkTM EFA Phospholipid Liquid Oil in water emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, detergent, suitable
for use with anionics
AtlasTM G-265 Ethoxylated fatty ammonium ethosulphate Liquid Emulsifier, dispersant, antistatic
and lubricant in textiles, bitumen
emulsifier
SynprolamTM 35X15* Ethoxylated alkyl amine Liquid Oil in water emulsifier,
co-emulsifier
*cationic in acidic conditions

11
 Polymeric
Surfactants
and
Dispersants
For specialist and demanding emulsion and dispersion
applications, customers should consider Croda’s range of
polymeric surfactants. These proprietary polymers provide
an extra degree of flexibility in formulating. They work
to stabilise the emulsion, preventing the coalescence of
emulsified oil or water droplets under more extreme
conditions. Some specific benefits of the range are:
l Versatility: a single surfactant is capable of emulsifying a
wide range of liquids. This can be very useful in
formulations where the oil has a varying composition,
such as a natural product or a processing side stream
l Electrolyte stability: tolerance of hard-water and
dissolved salts (these are normally disruptive influences on
emulsion stability)
l Thermal stability: copes with a wide range of storage or
processing temperatures
l Shear stability: very useful property in applications such as
textile lubrication and other high-speed industrial
processes, where the lubricant experiences high velocities
and shear fields
l High performance at low treat rates: consider
cost-in-use! There may be secondary benefits in using less
surfactant, especially in environmental loss applications,
but also in processing applications where the emulsion is
carried downstream into other parts of the manufacturing
process

12
Product Name Chemical Description HLB Form Application/Function
at 25°C
Polymeric Surfactants
HypermerTM 1599-A Polymeric surfactant 5.5 Paste Oil soluble emulsifier and dispersant
Hypermer 2296
TM
Polymeric surfactant 5 Waxy solid Oil soluble/water dispersible emulsifier,
asphaltene dispersant
HypermerTM A-70 Polymeric surfactant 6 Liquid Emulsion stabiliser, dispersant, resistant
to high ion concentrations and
temperatures
HypermerTM B-261 Polymeric surfactant 8 Waxy solid Oil soluble emulsion stabiliser, dispersant
Hypermer LP-1
TM
Polymeric surfactant - Liquid Oil soluble emulsifier, wetting agent,
dispersion and fluidisation of solid
particles in low polarity non-aqueous
systems
Non VOC Polymeric Dispersants
ZephrymTM PD-2246 SF Polymeric dispersant (non-ionic) - Solid Non VOC dispersant for organic and
carbon particles in low polarity non-
aqueous systems
ZephrymTM PD-2206 Polymeric dispersant (non-ionic) - Liquid Non VOC dispersant for organic and
inorganic and carbon particles in low
polarity non-aqueous systems
ZephrymTM 3300-B Polymeric dispersant (anionic) - Liquid Non VOC dispersant for organic and
inorganic particles in aqueous, low
polarity non-aqueous and high polarity
non-aqueous systems
ZephrymTM PD-3315 Polymeric dispersant - Liquid Dispersant for organic and inorganic and
(slightly anionic) carbon particles in aqueous systems and
high polarity non-aqueous systems
ZephrymTM PD-4913 Polymeric dispersant (non-ionic) 12 Liquid Dispersant for organic and inorganic
particles in aqueous systems
ZephrymTM PD-7000 Polymeric dispersant - Liquid Non VOC dispersant for inorganic and
(slightly cationic) carbon particles in aqueous systems high
polarity non-aqueous systems
ZephrymTM 3300-B Polymeric dispersant - Liquid Non VOC dispersant for inorganic and
carbon particles in aqueous systems high
polarity non-aqueous systems

13
 Silicone Emulsions
Silicone compounds are very useful and offer a range of Croda’s product range is designed to offer three distinct
benefits in a variety of applications such as: advantages for silicone emulsions:
l Adhesives and sealants
Stability
l Textile shining
Between the production of the emulsion and its use in a
l Silicone based defoamers
formulation, several months may pass. Creating a stable
l Cosmetics and personal care emulsion system prevents coalescence and separation. We
l Hydrophobic and release agents for paper can help you to find the right emulsifier or emulsifier system
to suit your needs.
Silicone oils are quite difficult to handle because of their
viscosity and solubility with other organic and aqueous
Dilutability
components. Emulsifying the silicone provides a solution
to these issues, allowing you to deliver the silicone in a In most cases, the silicone emulsion is not directly used
workable medium and gain the performance advantages as such. Before its incorporation into the formulation, the
silicone offers over alternatives. emulsion may require dilution. It’s compatibility with water
addition is critical. With Croda’s expertise in emulsion
technology we can help you select the right emulsifier for
you specific application.

Performance
Once the silicone is emulsified, it needs to perform as was
intended. The use of emulsifiers can inhibit this performance
and sometimes lead to unwanted by products. With Croda’s
broad portfolio of chemistries and product range, we can
find the right emulsifier to ensure your silicone emulsion
performs to the highest level.

14
Silicone
Non-ionic Surfactants: The Basis of Silicone Emulsion
With non-ionic surfactants being the main technology used
for emulsifying silicone compounds, Croda offers a wide

Emulsifiers
range of chemistries to suit your formulating needs.

Flexibility with Anionic Surfactants

For certain applications where non-ionic surfactants are not
suitable, anionic surfactants can be used in their place.
For silicone in water emulsions, the Prisorine and Prifac
series require neutralisation with a suitable base
(e.g. triethanolamine or sodium hydroxide) to becoming
water-dispersible or water-soluble.

Product Name Chemical Description HLB Form Application/Function

at 25°C
SpanTM 60 Sorbitan ester 4.7 Solid Silicone emulsifier, water in oil emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, wetting powders into oil, antifoam,
expected to be biodegradable
BrijTM S2 Ethoxylated alcohol 4.9 Waxy solid Silicone emulsifier, water in oil emulsifiers, wetting
agent for powders, dispersion aid, co-emulsifiers,
readily biodegradable
BrijTM LT4 Ethoxylated alcohol 9.5 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, water in oil emulsifiers, wetting
agent for powders, dispersion aid, biodegradable
BrijTM L4 Ethoxylated alcohol 9.7 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, water in oil emulsifiers,
wetting agent for powders, dispersion aid, NPE 4
replacement
TweenTM 81 Ethoxylated sorbitan ester 10 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, NPE 5 Replacement
AtlasTM G-1086 Ethoxylated sorbitol ester 10.2 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, NPE 5 replacement
SynperonicTM 13/5 Ethoxylated alcohol 11.2 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, detergent, wetting agent, expected to
be ultimately biodegradable
SynperonicTM 13/6 Ethoxylated alcohol 11.4 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, wetting agent, high foaming, expected
to be ultimately biodegradable
SynperonicTM 91/2.5 Ethoxylated alcohol 12 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, detergent, wetting agent, expected to
be substantially biodegradable
EtocasTM 32 Ethoxylated castor oil 12.2 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, detergent, wetting agent
BrijTM S10 Ethoxylated alcohol 12.4 Waxy solid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier, wetting
agent, readily biodegradable
SynperonicTM 13/6.5 Ethoxylated alcohol 12.5 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, degreaser, wetting agent, high foaming,
expected to be ultimately biodegradable
SynperonicTM 13/7-85 Ethoxylated alcohol 12.6 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, wetting agent, high foaming, NPE 9
replacement, readily biodegradable
SynperonicTM 91/6 Ethoxylated alcohol 13 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, detergent, wetting agent, readily
biodegradable

15
 Silicone Emulsifiers
Product Name Chemical Description HLB Form Application/Function
at 25°C
MultitropeTM 1620 Polysaccharide 13 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, emulsifier, detergent, foaming
agent, wetting agent, biodegradable
TweenTM 21 Ethoxylated sorbitan ester 13.3 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, detergent, wetting agent
SynperonicTM 91/8 Ethoxylated alcohol 14 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, detergent, wetting agent, readily
biodegradable
CithrolTM 6MS Ethoxylated ester 14 Paste Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent
TweenTM 80 Ethoxylated sorbitan ester 15 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, detergent, NPE 15 replacement,
inherently biodegradable
BrijTM S20 Ethoxylated alcohol 15.3 Waxy solid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier, readily
biodegradable
TweenTM 20 Ethoxylated sorbitan ester 16.7 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier, oil
solubiliser, micro emulsifier, NPE 20 replacement,
inherently biodegradable
BrijTM LT23 Ethoxylated alcohol 16.7 Solid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier,
solubiliser, micro emulsifier
MyrjTM S40 Ethoxylated ester 16.9 Solid Silicone emulsifier, oil solubiliser, micro emulsifier,
expected to be substantially biodegradable
EtocasTM 200 Ethoxylated castor oil 18.1 Waxy solid Silicone emulsifier, oil solubiliser, micro emulsifier
Crodafos 810ATM
Phosphate ester - Liquid Silicone emulsifier, emulsifier, detergent,
hydrotrope and antistatic functionality,
biodegradable
CrodasinicTM LS30 Sarcosinate (aq.) - Liquid Silicone emulsifier, emulsifier, detergent, high
foaming surfactant, wetting agent, micro emulsifier,
alkaline/bleach/peroxide stable, corrosion inhibitor,
readily biodegradable

16
Concentrates and Water
Free Silicone Emulsions
Formulating a silicone emulsion with a low content of water It is a general rule that the higher the molecular weight of
or in its total absence requires specific emulsifiers, which will the silicone is the more difficult it is to emulsify and less
perform in these extreme conditions. Croda offers a range ethoxylated alcohols are used (more sorbitan esters etc).
of innovative products designed to work in these demanding
For water free emulsions (regardless the MW of the
applications.
silicones) it is preferred to use the products listed below.

Product Name Chemical Description HLB Form Application/Function

at 25°C
SpanTM 60 Sorbitan ester 4.7 Solid Silicone emulsifier, water in oil emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, wetting powders into oil, antifoam,
expected to be biodegradable
TweenTM 81 Ethoxylated sorbitan ester 10 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, NPE 5 replacement
AtlasTM G-1086 Ethoxylate sorbitol ester 10.2 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, NPE 5 replacement
TweenTM 80 Ethoxylated sorbitan ester 15 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, detergent, NPE 15 replacement,
inherently biodegradable
CrodafosTM 810A Phosphate ester - Liquid Silicone emulsifier, emulsifier, detergent, hydrotrope,
antistatic functionality, biodegradable

17
 Didn’t find
what you are
searching for?
The Croda portfolio does not stop at the products listed
in our brochure. If a specific chemistry, HLB or any other
parameters are required, Croda, one of the world leaders
in emulsifier technology may have what you need for your
application.
Please contact your sales representatives or nearest Croda
office to discuss your requirements and let us find the right
solution for you.

18
Notes

19
 Notes

20
The information in this publication is believed to be accurate and is given in good faith but no representation or warranty as to its completeness or
accuracy is made. Suggestions for uses or applications are only opinions. Users are responsible for determining the suitability of these products for their
own particular purpose. No representation or warranty, express or implied, is made with respect to information or products including without limitation
warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose or non-infringement of any third party patent or other intellectual property rights
including without limit copyright, trademark and designs. Any trademarks identified herein are trademarks of the Croda group of companies.

©2015 Croda Europe Ltd 03/15 ICB004V2

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Email: [email protected]

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