PIN HOUSING BASE PLATE

BEARING BENT LINK

ROTATING
SHAFT

MOTOR

TRANSMISSION
PULLY
PULLY
 INTRODUCTION
To days world requires speed on each and every field. Hence rapidness and quick
working is the most important. Now a days for achieving rapidness, various
machines and equipments are manufactured by man. The engineer is constantly
conformed to the challenges of bringing ideas and design in to reality. New
machines and techniques are being developed continuously to manufacture
various products at cheaper rates and high quality. The project “GEARLESS
TRANSMISSION” being compact and Portable equipment, which is skillful and is
having some thing precise in transmitting power at right angle with out any gears
being manufactured. Most of the material is made available by our college. The
parts can be easily made in our college work-shop. It’s price is also less. This
project gives us knowledge, experience , skill and new ideas of manufacturing. It is
a working project and having guarantee of success. This project is the equipment
useful to improve the quality of the gear being manufactured and can be made in
less time, hence we have selected this project.

El-bow mechanism is an ingenious link mechanism of slider and kinematic chain

principle. This is also called as “gearless transmission mechanism”

The mechanism is very useful for cornering or transmitting motions at right

angles. However in certain industrial application “Gearless Transmission at Right
Angle “can also work at obtuse or accurate angle plane can be compared to worm
and worm gear or bevel and pinion gear which are invariably used in the industry
for numerous application. The main feature for mechanism comparatively high
efficiency between the input and the output power shafts with regards to the
gear efficiencies.

It has elaborately discussed in detail in the entire books o engineering that the
gear drives have very low mechanical efficiencies. Since Factor relating to under
frictional Forces between the mating gear teeth, the erratic hunting of the gears,
the back lash between the teeth can not be over come and hence the efficiency
can not be more than 55%

Of recent gears of warm bevel type are being manufactured in poly propqlene
and epoxy material where the Frictional Forces are comparatively eliminated.
Even though such gears are used for relatively small applications the efficiency is
not more than 42%.

The El-bow Mechanism transmits the I/P power towards the O/P side such a way
that the angular Forces produced in the slacks are simply transmitted with the
help of pins which takes up the I/P power and the right angle drive is transferred
towards the O/P slack and pin assembly.

Hence very little friction plays while the power is being transmitted; the hunting
and back lash one absent. Therefore, it is appreciated that efficiency as high as
90-92% are possible in gear less transmission mechanism.

Here we are going to show two applications of El-bow mechanism. How it will
become work, which we are showing by cutting the wood by attaching the wood
cutter at the output shaft as well as we are also making it as compressor. It will
suct the air from atmosphere, compressor it &delivers it at high pressure. As we
were calculate the result obtained is we can get the compressed air at pressure 2
bar.

The first application of this mechanism was made use of the “Big Ben Clock”
having four dials on the tower of London. This clock was installed some time
between 1630 to 1635 AD. And still it is functioning in good condition.

WORKING

Here is a wonderful mechanism that carries force through a 90º bend. Translating

rotational motion around an axis usually involves gears, which can quickly become

complicated, inflexible and clumsy-looking, often ugly. So, instead of using gears,

this technology elegantly converts rotational motion using a set of cylindrical bars,

bent to 90º, in a clever, simple and smooth process that translates strong rotational

force even in restricted spaces.

A gearless transmission is provided for transmitting rotational velocity from an

input connected to three bent links. Both the input shaft and the housing have

rotational axes. The rotational axis of the input shaft is disposed at an angle of 90

degree with respect to the rotational axis of the housing. As a result, rotation of the

input shaft results in a processional motion of the axis of the bent link. The rotary

and reciprocating motion of bent link transmit rotation of prime mover to 90

degree with out any gear system to an output shaft without gears. The transmission

includes an input shaft.

The Gearless transmission or El-bow mechanism is a device for transmitting

motions at any fixed angle between the driving and driven shaft.

The synthesis of this mechanism would reveal that it comprises of a number of

pins would be between 3 to 8 the more the pins the smoother the operation.

These pins slide inside hollow cylinders thus formatting a sliding pair. Our
mechanism has 3 such sliding pairs. These cylinders are placed in a hollow pipe
and are fastened at 120* to each other. This whole assembly is mounted on
brackets wooden table. Power is supplied by an electric motor.

The working of the mechanism is understood by the diagram. An unused form of

transmission of power on shaft located at an angle.

Motion is transmitted from driving to the driven shaft through the roads which
are bent to conform to the angles between the shafts. These roads are located at
in the holes equally spaced around a circle and they are free to slide in & out as
the shaft revolves. This type of drive is especially suitable where quite operation
at high speed is essential but only recommended for high duty.

The operation of this transmission will be apparent by the action of one rod.
During a revolution. If we assume that driving shaft ‘A’ is revolving as indicated by
arrow the driven shaft B will rotate counter clockwise. As shaft A turns through
half revolution C shown in the inner and most effective driving position slides out
of both shafts A & B.
The first half revolution and rod “C” then will be at the top then during the
remaining half this rod “C” slide in wards until it again reaches to inner most
position shown in Fig. in the meanwhile the other roads have of course passed
through the same cycle of movements all rods are successively sliding inwards
and outwards.

Although this transmission is an old one many mechanics are skeptical about its
operation, however it is not only practicable but has proved satisfactory for
various applications when the drive is for shafts which are permanently located at
given angle. Although this illustration shows a right angle transmission this drive
can be applied also to shafts located at intermediate angle between 0* and 90*.

In making this transmission, it is essential to have the holes for a given rod located
accurately in the same holes must be equally spaced in radial and circumferential
directions, be parallel to each rod should be bent to at angle at which the shaft
are to be located. If the holes drilled in the ends of the shafts have ‘blind’ or
closed ends, there ought to be a small vent at the bottom of each rod hole for the
escape of air compressed by the pumping action of the rods. These holes are
useful for oiling to avoid blind holes shafts may have enlarged port or shoulder.
This transmission may be provided centrally and in line with the axis of each shaft
and provided with a circular groove at each rod or a cross-pin to permit rotation
of the shaft about the rod simply active as a retaining device for shipping and
handling purposed.

As mentioned in first chapter that we are showing two applications of this

mechanism at a time.

1) As a wood cutting machine

 The cutter is attached on the output shaft when motion is transmitted
through mechanism to output shaft the shaft will start to rotate at adjusted
speed.
The speed is adjusted by means of pulley (i.e.…..RPM). The cutters will also
start to rotate along with the shaft the because of cutter is 250mm. the
through slot introduces in the table for free rotation of cutter edges in
table. Now the feed given to wooden rods or plywood to cut in desire
shape and size.
The speed is adjusted by means of pulley (i.e.…..RPM). The cutters
will also start to rotate along with the shaft the because of cutter is 250mm.
the through slot is introduced in the table. Now feed given to wooden rods
or plywood to cut in desired shape and size.

2) As a air compressor or air pump -> the compressor or and pump also
introduced in our project when the pins inside the drilled holes are
reciprocates as well as revolves along the axis of cylinder it gives the
compressor effect. Among the three pins when first pin goes at inner dead
center it sucts the air then it start to move at outer dead center by
revolving, it compresses the air against seal and cylinder head disc and
does simultaneously by three pins and we can get continue discharge of air
the quantity.
3) Mechanical seal is defined as a devise which seals by virtue of axial contact
pressure between two relatively flat surfaces in a plane right angle to the
axis of the shaft.
The seal used in EL-BOW m/c compressor is stationary type. It is place
between cylinder and cylinder head.
 CAPTER NO 1

INTRODUCTION
To days world requires speed on each and every field. Hence rapidness and quick
working is the most important. Now a days for achieving rapidness, various
machines and equipments are manufactured by man. The engineer is constantly
conformed to the challenges of bringing ideas and design in to reality. New
machines and techniques are being developed continuously to manufacture
various products at cheaper rates and high quality. The project “GEARLESS
TRANSMISSION” being compact and Portable equipment, which is skillful and is
having some thing precise in transmitting power at right angle with out any gears
being manufactured. Most of the material is made available by our college. The
parts can be easily made in our college work-shop. It’s price is also less. This
project gives us knowledge, experience , skill and new ideas of manufacturing. It is
a working project and having guarantee of success. This project is the equipment
useful to improve the quality of the gear being manufactured and can be made in
less time, hence we have selected this project.

El-bow mechanism is an ingenious link mechanism of slider and kinematic chain

principle. This is also called as “gearless transmission mechanism”

The mechanism is very useful for cornering or transmitting motions at right

angles. However in certain industrial application “Gearless Transmission at Right
Angle “can also work at obtuse or accurate angle plane can be compared to worm
and worm gear or bevel and pinion gear which are invariably used in the industry
for numerous application. The main feature for mechanism comparatively high
efficiency between the input and the output power shafts with regards to the
gear efficiencies.

It has elaborately discussed in detail in the entire books o engineering that the
gear drives have very low mechanical efficiencies. Since Factor relating to under
frictional Forces between the mating gear teeth, the erratic hunting of the gears,
the back lash between the teeth can not be over come and hence the efficiency
can not be more than 55%

Of recent gears of warm bevel type are being manufactured in poly propqlene
and epoxy material where the Frictional Forces are comparatively eliminated.
Even though such gears are used for relatively small applications the efficiency is
not more than 42%.

The El-bow Mechanism transmits the I/P power towards the O/P side such a way
that the angular Forces produced in the slacks are simply transmitted with the
help of pins which takes up the I/P power and the right angle drive is transferred
towards the O/P slack and pin assembly.

Hence very little friction plays while the power is being transmitted; the hunting
and back lash one absent. Therefore, it is appreciated that efficiency as high as
90-92% are possible in gear less transmission mechanism.

Here we are going to show two applications of El-bow mechanism. How it will
become work, which we are showing by cutting the wood by attaching the wood
cutter at the output shaft as well as we are also making it as compressor. It will
suct the air from atmosphere, compressor it &delivers it at high pressure. As we
were calculate the result obtained is we can get the compressed air at pressure 2
bar.

The first application of this mechanism was made use of the “Big Ben Clock”
having four dials on the tower of London. This clock was installed some time
between 1630 to 1635 AD. And still it is functioning in good condition.
 CAPTER NO 3

CONCEPT DRAWING OF MACHINE

PIN HOUSING 62 x 95 MM DIA BASE PLATE

P204 BEARING BENT LINK DIA 10 x 240 mmmm

ROTATING SHAFT DIA 20 MM

MOTOR ¼ hp 1440 RPM SINGLE PHASE

TRANSMISSION A-56
PULLY 45 mm dia
PULLY 250 mm dia
 CAPTER NO 4

WORKING
The Gearless transmission or El-bow mechanism is a device for transmitting
motions at any fixed angle between the driving and driven shaft.

The synthesis of this mechanism would reveal that it comprises of a number of

pins would be between 3 to 8 the more the pins the smoother the operation.

These pins slide inside hollow cylinders thus formatting a sliding pair. Our
mechanism has 3 such sliding pairs. These cylinders are placed in a hollow pipe
and are fastened at 120* to each other. This whole assembly is mounted on
brackets wooden table. Power is supplied by an electric motor.

The working of the mechanism is understood by the diagram. An unused form of

transmission of power on shaft located at an angle.

Motion is transmitted from driving to the driven shaft through the roads which
are bent to conform to the angles between the shafts. These roads are located at
in the holes equally spaced around a circle and they are free to slide in & out as
the shaft revolves. This type of drive is especially suitable where quite operation
at high speed is essential but only recommended for high duty.

The operation of this transmission will be apparent by the action of one rod.
During a revolution. If we assume that driving shaft ‘A’ is revolving as indicated by
arrow the driven shaft B will rotate counter clockwise. As shaft A turns through
half revolution C shown in the inner and most effective driving position slides out
of both shafts A & B.

The first half revolution and rod “C” then will be at the top then during the
remaining half this rod “C” slide in wards until it again reaches to inner most
position shown in Fig. in the meanwhile the other roads have of course passed
through the same cycle of movements all rods are successively sliding inwards
and outwards.

Although this transmission is an old one many mechanics are skeptical about its
operation, however it is not only practicable but has proved satisfactory for
various applications when the drive is for shafts which are permanently located at
given angle. Although this illustration shows a right angle transmission this drive
can be applied also to shafts located at intermediate angle between 0* and 90*.

In making this transmission, it is essential to have the holes for a given rod located
accurately in the same holes must be equally spaced in radial and circumferential
directions, be parallel to each rod should be bent to at angle at which the shaft
are to be located. If the holes drilled in the ends of the shafts have ‘blind’ or
closed ends, there ought to be a small vent at the bottom of each rod hole for the
escape of air compressed by the pumping action of the rods. These holes are
useful for oiling to avoid blind holes shafts may have enlarged port or shoulder.
This transmission may be provided centrally and in line with the axis of each shaft
and provided with a circular groove at each rod or a cross-pin to permit rotation
of the shaft about the rod simply active as a retaining device for shipping and
handling purposed.
As mentioned in first chapter that we are showing two applications of this
mechanism at a time.

4) As a wood cutting machine

The cutter is attached on the output shaft when motion is transmitted
through mechanism to output shaft the shaft will start to rotate at adjusted
speed.
The speed is adjusted by means of pulley (i.e.…..RPM). The cutters will also
start to rotate along with the shaft the because of cutter is 250mm. the
through slot introduces in the table for free rotation of cutter edges in
table. Now the feed given to wooden rods or plywood to cut in desire
shape and size.
The speed is adjusted by means of pulley (i.e.…..RPM). The cutters
will also start to rotate along with the shaft the because of cutter is 250mm.
the through slot is introduced in the table. Now feed given to wooden rods
or plywood to cut in desired shape and size.

5) As a air compressor or air pump -> the compressor or and pump also
introduced in our project when the pins inside the drilled holes are
reciprocates as well as revolves along the axis of cylinder it gives the
compressor effect. Among the three pins when first pin goes at inner dead
center it sucts the air then it start to move at outer dead center by
revolving, it compresses the air against seal and cylinder head disc and
does simultaneously by three pins and we can get continue discharge of air
the quantity.
6) Mechanical seal is defined as a devise which seals by virtue of axial contact
pressure between two relatively flat surfaces in a plane right angle to the
axis of the shaft.
The seal used in EL-BOW m/c compressor is stationary type. It is place
between cylinder and cylinder head.
 CAPTER NO 5

APPLICATION

The featured product has its widest application as an extension for a socket
wrench. Here the design makes it easy to reach fasteners in the automotive and
other mechanical industries, where direct access to bolts and screws is often
limited. However, the possible applications for this technology extend into
numerous fields. Just think of the possibilities for power transmission in push
bikes, toys and hand-cranked equipment, or for movement transmission in store
and outdoor signage.

1. Driving for all kinds four faced tower clocks. The elbow mechanism was
first use in the year 1685 for the famous London tower clock named
bigben.
2. The mechanism is invariable used for multiple spindle drilling operation
called the gang drilling
3. Used for angular drilling between 0 to 90 degree position.
4. Lubrication pump for C.N.C. lathe machines.
5. The mechanism is very useful for a reaching a drive at a clumsy location.
6. Air blower for electronic and computer machine.
7. The mechanism has found a very usefully use in electronic and
computer technology for multiple.
8. The elbow mechanism is used for movement of periscope in
submarines, the year 1685 for the famous London tower clock named
bigben.
 RAW MATERIAL & STANDARD MATERIAL

SR NO PART NAME MAT QTY DECREPTION

1 FRAME ms 1 C SECTION 75 X 40 X 4 MM

2 MOTOR STD 1 0.25 HP 1440 RPM

3 SHAFT ms 2 DIA 20 MM X 350 MM

4 HOUSING ms 2 DIA 95MM X 62 MM

5 BENT LINK MS 3 DIA 10 MM X 240 MM

6 PULLEY CI 2 DIA 45 & DIA 250 MM

7 PEDESTAL BEAREING CI 4 P204

8 BELT leather 1 A - 56

9 ANGEL MS 1 35 X 35 X 5 MM

10 NUT BOLT WASHER Ms 10 M 10

11 WELDING ROD -

12 COLOUR -
WORKING: -

Here, the inlet slot position the cylinder just meshes with the inlet slot & high
pressure steam is admitted in the cylinder & thus does work on pin & pushes the
pin toward s the outer most position..

When the pin is at the outer most position, the cylinder meshes with the delivery
slot & thus delivery stroke starts & steam is driven out. After the pin is reached the
innermost position again suction stroke starts.

ADVANTAGES: -

1) Mechanism is very simply due to elimination of value

mechanisms.
2) Mechanism is small & compact.
3) No crank & crank shaft are necessary.
4) Lesser vibration because the reciprocating force are
perfectly balanced.
5) Smooth & high speed operation can be easily obtained
by cause of elimination of the value setting linkage.

DISADVANTAGES: -

1) It is only useful for small power generation.

2) It requires at least six cylinder piston pair.
3) Priming is always necessary for starting the engine.
 CHAPTER: 9

BIBLIOGRAPHY

We referred the following books,

BOOK NAME AUTHOR

Thermal Engineering R.S.Khurmi

Machine Design R.S.Khurmi

Work Shop Technology S.K.Hajra, Chaudhary