Experiment 4

AIM
The aim of these experiment is to successfully prepare 1,3-Dinitrobenzene from

nitrobenze.
PRINCIPLE
Electrophilic aromatic substitution is the characteristic reaction of benzene and its

deraatives . because of its electron rich cloud of pi electrons, the benzene ring
attracts electron deficient species (electrophiles). The atom or group already present
in monosubstituted benzene rings directs the orientation of the incoming electrophile
on the benzene ring.
ACTION PLAN
CHEMICALS REQUIRED
 Concentrated sulphuric acid

 Nitric acid
 Nitrobenzene
 Ethanol
 Cold water bath and hot water bath
APPARATUS
 Digital hot plate

 Cornical flask(100 ml)
 Vaccume filter
 Beaker (100 ml and 250 ml)
 Measuring cylinder (10 ml)
 Buchner funnel
 Filter paper
 Thermometer
 Small capillary tube
 Melting point apparatus
STEPS FOLLOWED
1. Cautiously using the measuring cylinder measure out 8 ml of sulphuric

acid, 5 ml of nitric acid and mix in a 100 ml cornical flask.
2. Add 3 ml of nitrobenzene in 0.5 ml portions to the mixture in the first
step,contantly shaking or swirling the cornical flask until the initial heat
of reaction has subsided.
3. Heat the reaction mixture in a hot water bath for several minutes(15
minutes) with constant swirling to complete the reaction.
4. Allow mixture to cool to room temperature.
5. Transfer mixture to 100 ml beaker with 20-25 ml of ice water and stir
constantly.
6. Filter the mixture with the solid under vaccume, wash the precipitate
with cold water.
7. Recrystalise the 1,3 dinitrobenzene with 95% ethanol.
8. Dry product and determine its melting point range.
PROCEDURE
Usin the measuring cylinder(10 ml), 8 ml of concentrated sulphuric acid and 5 ml of
concentrated nitric acid were measured cautiously and were mixed in a 100 ml
cornical flask.3 ml of nitrobenzene was added to the mixture in 0.5 ml portions and
the mixture was constantly being swirled until the initial heat of reaction cooled
(lasted for about 10 minutes). The reaction mixture was then heated on a hot water
bath with contant frequent swirling in order to complete the reaction. The reaction
mixture was heated for about 15 minutes to complete the reaction and it was
allowed to cool to room temperature. The cooled mixture was the added to a 100ml
beaker containing 20- 25 ml of ice water and stired constantly. The solution in the
100 ml beaker was then filtered using the vaccume filter and the filtrate was washed
with a little cold water. The precipitate was the dissolved in ethanol ,cooled and
filtered again using the vaccume filter and washed with a little cold ethanol
(recrystalisation). Using a patri dish the precipitate was dried in the oven and its
melting point was determined using the melting point apparatus. The percentage
yield was the determined. The experiment was conducted in the fume cupboard.
CONCLUSION
A whitish yellow solid with a mass of 3.69 grams and a melting point of 88.8 oC-
89.4oC was recoverd from the experiment
Table of Contents
AIM……………………………………………………………………..PG 1
PRINCIPLE……………………………………………………………PG 2
PRE-LAB QUESTIONS………………………………………………PG 3
ACTION PLAN………………………………………………………..PG 4
PROCEDURE…………………………………………………………PG 5
OBSERVATION AND RESULTS……………………………………PG 6
CONCLUSION………………………………………………………...PG 7
REFERENCES………………………………………………………..PG 8
EXPERIMENT 4
PREPARATION OF 1,3 DINITROBENZENE FROM
NITROBENZENE
SURNAME; SAMAKWATI
INITIALS;B K
ID; 202003096
DATE;26/11/2021
LAB DAY; FRIDAY GROUP B
WORKED ALONE
REFERENCES
Vagel’s textbook of practical organic chemistry by Brian S Furniss,Anthony J
Hannaford, Peter W.G Smith & Austin R Tatchell fifth edition page number 855
Practical Organic Chemistry by Freedrick George Mann and Bernad Charles

Saunders published by longman inc fourth edition page number 160

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AIM

The aim of these experiment is to successfully prepare 1,3-Dinitrobenzene from

Electrophilic aromatic substitution is the characteristic reaction of benzene and its

 Concentrated sulphuric acid

 Digital hot plate

1. Cautiously using the measuring cylinder measure out 8 ml of sulphuric

OBSERVATION AND RESULTS……………………………………PG 6

Practical Organic Chemistry by Freedrick George Mann and Bernad Charles

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