Proprioceptive Pathway: Objectives
Proprioceptive Pathway: Objectives
Proprioceptive Pathway: Objectives
Proprioceptive pathway
Objectives:
❖ to know about proprioceptors its definition and its role in body balance.
❖ The muscle spindles and their role in stretch reflex.
❖ Organization of spinal cord
❖ Sensory receptor types
❖ Identify the major sensory pathways to the cerebral - with consciousness-
components, processes and functions & its damage(appreciate the dorsal column
system in conscious proprioception)
❖ Identify the major sensory pathways to the cerebellum - unconscious & its damage
(describe the pathway of spinocerebellar tract in unconscious proprioception from
muscles,tendons,and joints)
❖ differentiate between sensory and motor ataxia
Done by :
❖ Team leader: Fatima Balsharaf , Rahaf Alshammari, Colour index:
Abdulelah Aldossari, Ali Alammari. ● important
❖ Team members: Renad alsuelmi,Maha Alamri ,Abdullah ● Numbers
Alzaid, Esra’a alnazzawi,Haifa Alessa, Ebtesam ● Extra
Almutairi,Rawan Alharbi.
Terminology Definition
Interoception By which one perceives pain, hunger, etc., and the movement of
internal organs. Interoception is a lesser-known sense that helps
you understand and feel what's going on inside your body.
Receptors
Meaning of Receptors:
Certain specialized structures are present at the interface of stimulus and afferent
nerve fibers. These specialized structures convert any type of energy into
electrical energy or action potential in afferent fiber. This action is known as
transduction. Hence receptors act as biologic transducers.
Somatic receptors:
Somatic receptors are specialized structure present at the
peripheral terminations of afferent fibers..
▪Receptors are detectors and transducers which transduce different form of
energy into action potential
▪They are found in many parts of the body including the skin (cutaneous
receptors), skeletal muscles, bones and joints (proprioceptors)
▪They differ from specific receptors that mediate the special
senses of vision, hearing, smell, taste and equilibrium.
Dr’s note:
-Increase stimulus lead to increase
amplitude of action potential generation.
-Increase stimulus lead to increase rate of
frequency of generated action potential
PROPRIOCEPTION
● Perception about the relative positions of different body parts and
strength of effort being employed in movements.
It can be divided into:
1. Static position sense: which means conscious perception of the
orientation of the different parts of the body with respect to one another
ﻫﺬا ﻳﻌﻨﻲ اذا ﻃﻠﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﻳﺾ ﻳﻐﻠﻖ ﻋﻴﻮﻧﻪ ورﻓﻌﺖ اﺻﺒﻌﻪ
ﻷﻋﻠﻰ او ﻷﺳﻔﻞ وﺗﺴﺄﻟﻪ وﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﺲ اﺻﺒﻌﻚ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﻮق وﻻ ﺗﺤﺖ
Types of Proprioception:
1. Conscious proprioception: reach the level of cerebral cortex sensory area via
dorsal column tract.
2. Subconscious proprioception: reach the level of cerebellum via spinocerebellar
tracts (Ventral & Dorsal) ,these are main ascending sensory pathways for
proprioception
Role of Proprioception
Proprioception informs us about:
▪The location of a body part in relation to other parts
▪The rate of movement of a body part when it is moving
▪The degree to which our muscle are being contracted or stretched
▪The amount of tension created in our tendons
▪The head orientation in relation to the ground and in response to movement
Proprioceptive information is carried from periphery to the CNS by proprioceptors
and other somatic receptors
❖ To know about proprioceptors its definition and its role in body balance.
Three Types of Proprioceptors:
Proprioceptors include the muscle spindles, Golgi tendon organs, and joint
receptors. These provide a sense of body position and allow fine control of skeletal
movements
● 1)Muscle spindles:
○ measure the changing length of a muscle
○ Imbedded in the perimysium between muscle fascicles
● 2)Golgi tendon organs:
○ located near the muscle-tendon junction
2
❖ Identify the major sensory pathways to the cerebral - with consciousness-
SENSORY TRACTS
•DORSAL COLUMN SYSTEM
•ANTEROLATERAL SYSTEM
Each system carries different types of sensations which are known as MODALITIES
like pain,temperature,finetouch,crude touch, vibration, proprioception etc
•Sensory ataxia
•Patient staggers; cannot perceive position or
movement of legs
•Visual clues help movement
Positive Romberg test (Ask the patient to close the eyes while
standing: observe whether the patient becomes unstable )
The test depends on the integrity of proprioception from
the joints of the legs.
● Pathophysiology
– Result from any condition that affects the central and peripheral nervous systems
•Motor Ataxia
–Caused by cerebellar disorders
• Intact sensory receptors and afferent pathways
•Integration of proprioception is faulty
•Midline cerebellar lesions cause truncal ataxia
•Lateral cerebellar lesions cause limb ataxia
•Thalamic infarcts may cause contralateral ataxia with sensory loss
SENSORY ATAXIA
•Peripheral sensory lesions (e.g. polyneuropathy) cause ataxia because there is loss
of the sense of joint position proprioception.
Broad-based, high-stepping, stamping gait develops.
•This ataxia is made worse by removal of additional sensory input (e.g. vision) and is
worse in the dark.
First described in sensory ataxia of tabes dorsalis, this is the basis of Romberg's test>>
Ask the patient to close the eyes while standing: observe whether the patient becomes
unstable (and prevent falling).
❖ Quick review
★ Proprioception: Perception (sense) about the relative positions of different
body parts and strength of effort being employed in movements.
Can divide into: Static position sense & Rate of movement (sense kinesthesia
or dynamic proprioception)
★ Types:
1- Conscious proprioception: reach the level of cerebral cortex sensory area
via dorsal column tract
2- Subconscious proprioception: reach the level of cerebellum via
spinocerebellar tracts
★ Proprioceptors: provide a sense of body position and allow fine control of
SAQ
6) what are the three types of proprioceptors?
*Muscle spindles
*Golgi tendon organs
*Joint kinesthetic receptors
Proprioceptors
* Brain stem *Visual system
* Vestibular system *Cerebellum
* Ascending tracts *Cerebral cortex
1-Conscious proprioception: reach the level of cerebral cortex sensory area via dorsal column tract.
2- Subconscious proprioception: reach the level of cerebellum via spinocerebellar tracts