110th Congress, 2d Session Document No.

14

Committee on Appropriations
UNITED STATES SENATE

1867–2008

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON : 2008
 ‘‘No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury,
but in Consequence of Appropriations made by
Law; and a regular Statement and Account of
the Receipts and Expenditures of all public
Money shall be published from time to time.
Constitution of the United States—Article I, Section 9

‘‘This power over the purse may, in fact, be

regarded as the most complete and effectual
weapon with which any constitution can arm
the immediate representatives of the people, for
obtaining a redress of every grievance, and for
carrying into effect every just and salutary meas-
ure.’’
James Madison, Federalist 58

‘‘The legislative control of the purse is the

central pillar—the central pillar—upon which
the constitutional temple of checks and balances
and separation of powers rests, and if that pillar
is shaken, the temple will fall. It is . . . central
to the fundamental liberty of the American peo-
ple.’’
Senator Robert C. Byrd, Chairman
Senate Appropriations Committee
 United States Senate
Committee on Appropriations
ONE HUNDRED TENTH CONGRESS

ROBERT C. BYRD, West Virginia, THAD COCHRAN, Mississippi, Ranking

Chairman TED STEVENS, Alaska
DANIEL K. INOUYE, Hawaii ARLEN SPECTER, Pennsylvania
PATRICK J. LEAHY, Vermont PETE V. DOMENICI, New Mexico
TOM HARKIN, Iowa CHRISTOPHER S. BOND, Missouri
BARBARA A. MIKULSKI, Maryland MITCH MCCONNELL, Kentucky
HERB KOHL, Wisconsin RICHARD C. SHELBY, Alabama
PATTY MURRAY, Washington JUDD GREGG, New Hampshire
BYRON L. DORGAN, North Dakota ROBERT F. BENNETT, Utah
DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California LARRY CRAIG, Idaho
RICHARD J. DURBIN, Illinois KAY BAILEY HUTCHISON, Texas
TIM JOHNSON, South Dakota SAM BROWNBACK, Kansas
MARY L. LANDRIEU, Louisiana WAYNE ALLARD, Colorado
JACK REED, Rhode Island LAMAR ALEXANDER, Tennessee
FRANK R. LAUTENBERG, New Jersey
BEN NELSON, Nebraska

CHARLES KIEFFER, Staff Director

BRUCE EVANS, Minority Staff Director
BLAKE THOMPSON, Minority Deputy Staff Director

V
Subcommittee Membership, One Hundred Tenth
Congress
Senator Byrd, as chairman of the Committee, and Senator Cochran, as ranking
minority member of the Committee, are ex officio members of all subcommit-
tees of which they are not regular members.

AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEVEL- FINANCIAL SERVICES AND

OPMENT, FOOD AND DRUG GENERAL GOVERNMENT
ADMINISTRATION, AND RE-
LATED AGENCIES Senators Durbin,1 Murray, Landrieu,
Lautenberg, Nelson, Brownback,2
Senators Kohl,1 Harkin, Dorgan, Bond, Shelby, Allard. (5–4)
Feinstein, Durbin, Johnson, Nelson,
Reed, Bennett,2 Cochran, Specter, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND
Bond, McConnell, Craig, Brownback. SECURITY
(8–7)
Senators Byrd,1 Inouye, Leahy, Mi-
COMMERCE, JUSTICE, SCIENCE, kulski, Kohl, Murray, Landrieu, Lau-
AND RELATED AGENCIES tenberg, Nelson, Cochran,2 Gregg, Ste-
vens, Specter, Domenici, Shelby, Craig,
Senators Mikulski,1 Inouye, Leahy, Alexander. (9–8)
Kohl, Harkin, Dorgan, Feinstein,
Reed, Lautenberg, Shelby,2 Gregg, Ste- DEPARTMENT OF THE INTE-
vens, Domenici, McConnell, RIOR, ENVIRONMENT, AND
Hutchison, Brownback, Alexander. (9– RELATED AGENCIES
8)
Senators Feinstein,1 Byrd, Leahy,
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Dorgan, Mikulski, Kohl, Johnson,
Reed, Nelson, Allard,2 Craig, Stevens,
Senators Inouye,1 Byrd, Leahy, Har- Cochran, Domenici, Bennett, Gregg,
kin, Dorgan, Durbin, Feinstein, Mi- Alexander. (9–8)
kulski, Kohl, Murray, Stevens,2 Coch-
ran, Specter, Domenici, Bond, McCon- DEPARTMENTS OF LABOR,
nell, Shelby, Gregg, Hutchison. (10–9) HEALTH AND HUMAN
SERVICES, AND EDU-
ENERGY AND WATER CATION, AND RELATED
DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES
Senators Dorgan,1 Byrd, Murray, Senators Harkin,1 Inouye, Kohl,
Feinstein, Johnson, Landrieu, Inouye, Murray, Landrieu, Durbin, Reed, Lau-
Reed, Lautenberg, Domenici,2 Coch- tenberg, Specter,2 Cochran, Gregg,
ran, McConnell, Bennett, Craig, Bond, Craig, Hutchison, Stevens, Shelby. (8–
Hutchison, Allard. (9–8) 7)
1 Subcommittee chairman.
2 Ranking minority member.

VII
 LEGISLATIVE BRANCH STATE, FOREIGN OPERATIONS,
AND RELATED PROGRAMS
Senators Landrieu,1 Durbin, Nelson,
Alexander,2 Allard. (3–2) Senators Leahy,1 Inouye, Harkin,
Mikulski, Durbin, Johnson, Landrieu,
Reed, Gregg,2 McConnell, Specter,
MILITARY CONSTRUCTION AND Bennett, Bond, Brownback, Alexander.
VETERANS AFFAIRS, AND (8–7)
RELATED AGENCIES
Senators Johnson,1 Inouye, Landrieu, TRANSPORTATION AND HOUS-
Byrd, Murray, Reed, Nelson, ING AND URBAN DEVELOP-
Hutchison,2 Craig, Brownback, Allard, MENT, AND RELATED
McConnell, Bennett. (7–6) AGENCIES
Senators Murray,1 Byrd, Mikulski,
Kohl, Durbin, Dorgan, Leahy, Harkin,
Feinstein, Johnson, Lautenberg, Bond,2
Shelby, Specter, Bennett, Hutchison,
Brownback, Stevens, Domenici, Alex-
ander, Allard. (11–10)

VIII
 Contents
Page
Committee membership, One hundred tenth Congress ..................... V
Subcommittee membership, One hundred tenth Congress ................ VII
Introduction ....................................................................................... XI
A History of the Senate Committee on Appropriations and the Ap-
propriations Process in the Senate .................................................. 1
The Budget Cycle .............................................................................. 25
Chairmen of the Senate Committee on Appropriations ...................... 31
Biographies of Committee Chairmen ................................................. 33
Membership of the Committee:
By Congress and Session ............................................................ 87
By Subcommittee Memberships ................................................. 131
By State and Term of Service ..................................................... 203
Alphabetical Listing of Members of the Committee .................. 213

The Committee Rooms ...................................................................... 221

Staff Directors to the Committee ....................................................... 225
Standing Rules of the Senate Relating to Appropriations .................. 227

IX
S. Res. 438
IN THE SENATE UNITED STATES,
OF THE
January 30, 2008.
Resolved, That there be printed with illustrations as a Senate
document a compilation of materials entitled ‘‘Committee on Ap-
propriations, United States Senate, 1867–2008’’, and that there be
printed one thousand five hundred additional copies of such docu-
ment for the use of the Committee on Appropriations.
Attest:
NANCY ERICKSON, Secretary.

X
 Introduction
March 6, 2008, marks the 141st anniversary of the creation of
the Committee on Appropriations of the United States Senate. In
that time, the 289 members of the Committee, led by 25 different
chairmen, have helped guide the financial operations of the United
States Government through times of war and peace, depression and
prosperity, constitutional crisis and political tranquility. The Com-
mittee’s work has affected the lives and well-being of every Amer-
ican and the welfare of countless millions around the world.
The information in this publication will be useful to the mem-
bers of the Committee, the Congress generally, and students of
Government interested in the development and functioning of the
Congressional appropriations process.

PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF

HON. ROBERT C. BYRD, CHAIRMAN,
COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS
UNITED STATES SENATE
110TH CONGRESS

XI
A History of the Senate Committee on Appropria-
tions and the Appropriations Process in the
Senate
I. THE FIRST CENTURY AND A HALF: 1789–1946
‘‘THE POWER OVER THE PURSE’’
The appropriating power of Congress rests upon the authority
conferred by Article I, section 9, of the U.S. Constitution:
No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appro-
priations made by Law; and a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts
and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to time.
The experiences of the Continental Congress left no doubt in
the minds of the Founding Fathers about the importance of plac-
ing the ultimate control over funds in the hands of those who
were directly responsible to the people. James Madison Federalist
Paper No. 58 cited this point succinctly:
This power over the purse may, in fact, be regarded as the most complete
and effectual weapon with which any constitution can arm the immediate rep-
resentatives of the people, for obtaining a redress of every grievance, and for
carrying into effect every just and salutary measure.
Since adoption of the Constitution, no one has seriously ques-
tioned the exclusive right of Congress to appropriate funds or the
corollary authority to specify the objects of appropriations and the
amounts of specific appropriations. During the 19th and early
20th centuries, however, less agreement existed regarding the de-
gree of control that Congress should exercise over appropriations
and over expenditures once appropriations had been made. In
1789, the First Congress made the Secretary of the Treasury re-
sponsible for compiling and reporting estimates of the public reve-
nues and expenditures, but failed to give him the authority to re-
view expenditure estimates and to oversee the use of appropria-
tions. During the Presidency of George Washington, Secretary of
the Treasury Alexander Hamilton favored wide executive discre-
tion, based on lump-sum congressional appropriations, with the
Treasury Secretary having broad authority in his role as a minister
of finance and an agent of and adviser to Congress. The adminis-
tration of Thomas Jefferson, however, took a different approach.
Jefferson named Albert Gallatin as Secretary of the Treasury, who
1
as a Member of the House of Representatives had advocated legis-
lative control over spending through use of specific appropriations.
Jefferson’s first message to Congress in 1801 spelled out this phi-
losophy:
In our care, too, of the public contributions intrusted to our direction it
would be prudent to multiply barriers against their dissipation by appropriating
specific sums to every specific purpose susceptible of definition; by disallowing
all applications of money varying from the appropriation in object or tran-
scending it in amount; by reducing the undefined field of contingencies and
thereby circumscribing discretionary powers over money; and by bringing back
to a single department all accountabilities for money, where the examinations
may be prompt, efficacious, and uniform.
Acceptance of congressional control in theory, however, did not
dissuade the executive departments from seeking loopholes in the
law as they spent the funds appropriated. Departments even made
expenditures on a deficiency basis, forcing Congress to appropriate
new funds for the remainder of a year. They also transferred appro-
priations without specific authority, let contracts in anticipation of
appropriations, and carried forward unexpended balances, despite
the enactment in 1795 of a law directing that any unexpended
balances should be transferred to the surplus fund. Mingling of ap-
propriations was not uncommon, and the loosest of control was ex-
ercised over the use of appropriations once they were made. As
early as 1806, John Randolph, the chairman of the House Ways
and Means Committee, deplored the decline of congressional fiscal
control, stating that appropriations were ‘‘a matter of form, or less
than a shadow of a shade, a mere cobweb against expenditures.’’
Congress made periodic attempts to regain authority over the
purse strings of the Nation. In 1802, it instituted a postaudit ex-
penditure review, which it strengthened in 1816. An 1809 act (2
Stat. 535, March 3, 1809) required public officials to account for
appropriations solely on the basis of the purpose of the appropria-
tion. An 1820 law (3 Stat. 567, May 1, 1820) required the Secre-
taries of War and Navy to submit annually their estimated finan-
cial requirements, together with a statement of the unexpended
balances still available from previous appropriations. As time went
on, other departments of the Government were required to submit
similar information. An 1823 act (3 Stat. 723, January 31, 1823)
prohibited the advance of public funds prior to appropriations.
Despite these efforts, an almost constant tug of war between the
executive and legislative branches of Government continued
throughout the 19th century. While Congress recognized its re-
sponsibility to provide legislative oversight of the way funds were
used, it was reluctant to impose rigid controls in the event of an
emergency. Furthermore, individual members frequently favored
2
Government activities that would have been restricted by limita-
tions on appropriations.
EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF APPROPRIATIONS PROCESS
In the first two congresses, the general appropriations were
made in single bills. The first appropriations bill of record, in
1789, appropriated $639,000 and read as follows:
An act making appropriations for the service of the present year.
Section 1. Be it enacted, etc., That there be appropriated for the service of
the present year, to be paid out of the moneys which arise either from the req-
uisitions heretofore made upon the several States or from the duties on impost
and tonnage, the following sums, viz:
A sum not exceeding $216,000 for defraying the expenses of the civil list
under the late and present Government; a sum not exceeding $137,000 for de-
fraying the expenses of the Department of War; a sum not exceeding $190,000
for discharging the warrants issued by the late board of treasury, and the re-
maining unsatisfied; and a sum not exceeding $96,000 for paying the pensions
to invalids.
Beginning in 1791, Congress—always alert to protect its con-
stitutional powers to appropriate funds—frequently made appro-
priations for a particular purpose, using funds derived from a spe-
cific source. One instance illustrates these points: in February,
1791, President George Washington sent to the Senate a message
indicating that he intended to ransom U.S. citizens held captive
in Algiers and seeking an appropriation ‘‘on your earliest atten-
tion’’ for the recognition of the treaty with the new emperor of
Morocco. In response, the Senate advised the President by resolu-
tion to suspend any effort to ransom the captives until funds were
appropriated, and it adopted an appropriation of $20,000 for the
purpose of recognizing the emperor, with the funds to be derived
from duties on distilled spirits. Continuing the trend towards spe-
cific funding measures, Congress in 1794 enacted a separate appro-
priation for the army, and 5 years later, in 1799, passed an appro-
priation for the navy.
THE SENATE FINANCE COMMITTEE
In the early years of the Republic, the Senate did much of its
legislative work through temporary ad hoc committees specially
appointed to handle bills, including appropriations requests. By
1815, the Senate had authorized between 90 and 100 such special
committees, while creating only 4 standing committees, which
were administrative rather than legislative in function.
Then, in 1816, the Senate adopted a new system. On a motion
by Senator James Barbour of Virginia, the Senate added 11 stand-
ing committees to the 4 already established. One of these was the
Committee on Finance, which for the next 50 years handled appro-
priations bills. While this arrangement provided some of the need-
3
ed legislative coordination, the executive branch still had no uni-
fied budgetary procedure. No single office was responsible for pre-
paring and coordinating the estimates for appropriations. Instead,
each department of the Government requested the amount it be-
lieved necessary to fund its programs.
During the ensuing decades, Congress enacted many laws to
wrestle with what was termed ‘‘the usurpation of control by the
departments of the Government.’’ With little success, legislators
adopted procurement and contracting regulations, transportation
and salary restrictions, and even expenditure limitations. In the
years from 1846 to 1848, Government operation costs skyrocketed,
as the war with Mexico engaged the Nation’s attention. Total ex-
penditures rose from $22 million in 1845 to $57 million in 1847,
and deficits in 3 years aggregated a higher total than any since
the War of 1812. Probably as a result, the Senate on December
19, 1850, adopted the first legislative limitation on appropriations,
embodied in Rule 30 of the Senate 1, which read as follows:
No amendment proposing additional appropriations shall be received to any
general appropriation bill, unless it be made to carry out the provisions of some
existing law, or some act or resolution previously passed by the Senate during
that session, or in pursuance of an estimate from the head of some of the depart-
ments; and no amendment shall be received whose object is to provide for a
private claim although the same may have been previously sanctioned by the
Senate.
Over the next few years the Senate modified this new rule. Most
notably, in 1852, the Senate amended the rule to permit unau-
thorized appropriations to be moved by direction of a standing
committee of the Senate; and, in 1854, it expanded this authority
to Senate select committees.
A decade later, the increased Federal Government expenditures
incurred during the Civil War dwarfed those from the war with
Mexico. For 8 years, between 1858 and 1865, the Treasury De-
partment showed a deficit in Federal balances that reached $963
million in 1865. That year, for the first time, expenditures passed
the billion-dollar mark, and, in the following year, the interest on
the public debt rose about $100 million. During the Civil War
period, the Federal Government spent millions of dollars without
Congress making appropriations, in what is generally regarded as
the high-water mark of the exercise of executive power in the
United States. The exigencies of the moment frustrated congres-
sional attempts to control the purse, as the President wrote, ‘‘I feel
that measures, otherwise unconstitutional, might become lawful by
becoming indispensable to the preservation of the Nation.’’ Once
1 Rule 30 was framed in terms of amendments to general appropriations bills because the custom
(based on the House’s insistence) was for the Senate Finance Committee (and later the Appropria-
tions Committee) to amend the House bill rather than originate a Senate bill.

4
the national danger subsided, however, Congress reasserted its con-
stitutional rights and directed its attention to control of appropria-
tions.
CREATION OF THE SENATE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS
At the beginning of the Fortieth Congress in March 1867, Sen-
ator Henry B. Anthony of Rhode Island offered a Senate resolution
providing for the creation of ‘‘a Committee on Appropriations, to
consist of seven members.’’ His purpose was ‘‘to divide the onerous
labors of the Finance Committee with another committee’’ by sep-
arating the tax-writing and appropriating processes. The House
had already established an Appropriations Committee 2 years ear-
lier. Without further discussion, Anthony’s resolution was consid-
ered by unanimous consent and agreed to, giving birth to the Sen-
ate Committee on Appropriations on March 6, 1867. The lack of
Senate debate over the proposed resolution indicates that Members
recognized the need to control the appropriations process, as well
as to ensure better management of Government spending by giv-
ing one committee the sole responsibility to examine executive
agency budget estimates. When the Senate approved the member-
ship of its standing committees the next day, it named the fol-
lowing members to the new Committee on Appropriations:
Lot M. Morrill of Maine, chairman
James W. Grimes of Iowa
Timothy O. Howe of Wisconsin
Henry Wilson of Massachusetts
Cornelius Cole of California
Roscoe Conkling of New York
James Guthrie of Kentucky
Senator Anthony then offered a resolution to amend Rule 30 of
the Senate, to which relatively minor changes had been made in
1852 and 1854. The new resolution was far-reaching:
Resolved, That the 30th rule of the Senate be amended by adding thereto the
following words, namely: ‘‘And all amendments to general appropriation bills
reported from the committees of the Senate, proposing new items of appropria-
tion, shall, 1 day before they are offered, be referred to the Committee on Ap-
propriations; and all general appropriation bills shall be referred to the said
committee.’’
This resolution, which the Senate agreed to without debate, gave
the committee an opportunity to examine all proposed amend-
ments, thus precluding spontaneous floor amendments. On the
first appropriation bill reported by the committee, Senator Lot
Morrill raised a point of order—which the Senate sustained—
5
against a floor amendment about which the Committee on Appro-
priations had not received prior notice.2
The operations of the newly formed committee were in many
ways similar to those in practice today. To handle the various ap-
propriation bills, the committee soon established 13 subcommit-
tees, with three members assigned to each, responsible for the fol-
lowing topics:
Agriculture
Army
Deficiencies
Diplomatic and consular
District of Columbia
Fortification
Indian
Legislative
Military Academy
Navy
Pensions
Post Office
Sundry Civil
In the Senate, as in the House, the Committee on Commerce
continued to handle the rivers and harbors appropriation bill,
which had been provided for as a separate bill since 1826 and was
not considered a ‘‘general’’ appropriation bill.
FISCAL REFORM POLICIES
Once created, the House and Senate Appropriations Committees
moved promptly to correct loopholes in the way appropriated
money was used. They first attacked the problem of commingling
and transferring funds. As the power of the Presidency had waxed
or waned between 1817 and 1868, Congress had passed at least
11 measures either limiting, regulating, or extending the power
of the President to transfer funds from one object of appropriation
to another. At the insistence of the Senate Appropriations Com-
mittee in 1868, an amendment to a deficiency appropriation bill
repealed all acts authorizing the transfers of appropriations. On the
floor, the bill was further amended to forbid using money for any
purpose other than that for which it was appropriated, although
unexpended balances could still be employed for purposes similar
to those for which Congress had appropriated the funds. The legis-
lation became law on February 12, 1868 (15 Stat. 35).
2 This measure, the first appropriation bill ever considered by the Senate Committee on Appro-
priations, was S. 83, Fortieth Congress, originating in the Senate. It was amended in both houses
and in the conference. Only one of the three conferees, Senator Morrill, was a regular Appropriations
member. Along with other items for the Senate, House, and executive branch, the bill contained
$2,898 for the salary (covering approximately 16 months) for the clerk of the Senate Committee
on Appropriations. President Andrew Johnson signed the bill into law on March 29, 1867.

6
 A further problem not addressed by the 1868 act continued,
however, because executive agencies often tapped unexpended bal-
ances in years subsequent to those for which Congress had appro-
priated the money. Because this practice made it virtually impos-
sible for the Treasury Department and Congress to ascertain the
exact amounts of these unexpended funds, the Appropriations
Committees were unable to judge accurately the actual needs of
the various agencies. The legislative appropriations bill in 1870
became the vehicle to rectify the problem. As finally enacted, the
law provided that all unexpended balances from appropriations
made specifically for a given fiscal year would be placed in the
surplus fund of the Treasury, although such funds could be used
to fulfill contracts made within that year. Another section in the
same act later became section 3679 of the Revised Statutes, subse-
quently known as the Anti-Deficiency Act. This section stated that
no department could make greater expenditures during a fiscal
year than the amount provided by Congress. Nor could a depart-
ment involve the Federal Government in any contract for the fu-
ture payment of money in excess of appropriations.
In addition, the act provided that the Treasury Department
should report all balances of appropriations that had remained on
the books without being drawn against for 2 years after the date
of the last appropriation. If these amounts were not required in
order to settle accounts, they might be transferred to the surplus
fund. An interpretation by the Attorney General, however, vir-
tually nullified the intent of this provision. His ruling stated that
any agency’s authority to expend would be automatically extended
for another 2 years if any part of the unexpended balance was
drawn on within the first 2-year period. Congress hastened to cor-
rect this assumption by passing a law in 1874 that stipulated:
. . . the Secretary of the Treasury shall cause all unexpended balances of appro-
priations which shall have remained upon the books of the Treasury for 2 fiscal
years to be carried to the surplus fund and covered into the Treasury.
The measure excepted permanent specific appropriations and those
for rivers and harbors, lighthouses, fortifications, public buildings,
and the pay of the navy and marine corps.
No significant changes occurred in the committee’s structure
during the next three decades. Although its membership was en-
larged from 7 to 9 in 1873, temporarily to 10 in 1885, and then
to 13 in 1895, no revisions in the subcommittee makeup are re-
corded during this period. General revisions of the Senate rules in
1877 and 1884 had little impact on the committee, except that
in the latter year the Senate adopted Rule XVI, regarding amend-
ments to appropriation bills, incorporating much of what had pre-
viously been contained in Rule 30. Passage of the Dockery Act in
7
1894 improved the fiscal management of the Government but
continued to vest control of spending in the executive branch, so
that Congress still lacked the authority to conduct an independent
review of agency expenditures.
RESTRICTIONS ON COMMITTEE IN 1899
On January 28, 1899, the Senate adopted a rules change that
profoundly affected the operation of the Committee on Appropria-
tions by removing most of the appropriation bills from its juris-
diction. The House of Representatives had already taken similar
steps from 1879 through 1885, in total, the House removed all
but 6 of the 14 general bills from the control of its Appropriations
Committee, referring them instead to the related legislative com-
mittees.
Students of Government assert that the sentiment to restrict the
power of the Committee on Appropriations developed in reaction
to the practices that had helped Congress maintain some control
over the national purse strings. Executive agencies and others con-
cerned about establishing and operating individual programs
chafed under restrictions that hampered their previous freedom of
operation. They objected to requirements initiated by the Appro-
priations Committee, such as the detailed itemization of appropria-
tions, restrictions on their power to transfer funds, the provision
returning unexpended balances to the treasury, and the prohibition
on contract obligations in excess of appropriations.
In December 1895, Senator Fred T. Dubois of Idaho introduced
a resolution to curb the committee’s power by amending Rule
XVI to strip the Committee on Appropriations of most of its con-
trol over appropriations. The resolution directed that the appro-
priate legislative committees would handle appropriations dealing
with agriculture, consular and diplomatic activities, the military
establishment (including the military academy), the naval estab-
lishment, post offices, Indians and Indian tribes, rivers and har-
bors, fortifications, the District of Columbia, and pensions. The
Appropriations Committee would retain control only over appro-
priations for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses; sun-
dry civil expenses; and all deficiencies. Two months later, Senator
Dubois, objecting to consideration of an urgent deficiency appro-
priation bill, insisted that his resolution be made the pending
business. The Appropriations Committee chairman, Senator Wil-
liam B. Allison, defended the committee, asserting that it ‘‘has
with fidelity represented the interests of the Senate as manifested
by votes here upon this subject,’’ and another committee member,
Senator Eugene Hale of Maine, denounced the motion as a pro-
posal ‘‘to dismantle the committee.’’ After extended debate, punc-
tuated by considerable parliamentary maneuvering, the Senate re-
8
ferred the resolution to the Committee on Rules with instructions
to report back to the Senate by the beginning of the next session.
Three days after the second session began, on December 10, 1896,
Senator Nelson W. Aldrich, for the Committee on Rules, re-
quested and received an extension of time to consider the resolu-
tion.
The committee took no further action in that Congress. Two
years later, on December 21, 1898, Senator William E. Chandler
of New Hampshire, on behalf of Senator Thomas H. Carter of
Montana, offered the same resolution to amend Rule XVI. The
stated purpose was ‘‘to facilitate and expedite the business of the
Senate.’’ Senator Chandler resubmitted the resolution 3 weeks later
on January 10, 1899, and asked that it be placed on the calendar.
He indicated that either he or Senator Carter would move to pro-
ceed to its consideration at the earliest appropriate moment. When
Senator Aldrich of the Committee on Rules called up the resolu-
tion on January 28, it was considered by unanimous consent and
agreed to without comment. That no debate took place seems to
indicate that opinion in the Senate had come to support the reso-
lution, which established a procedure similar to one adopted by
the House more than a decade earlier. Under the resolution as
passed by the Senate, the rivers and harbors bill continued to be
referred to the Committee on Commerce, and the bills on agri-
culture, the army, the military academy, Indians, the navy, pen-
sions, and the Post Office went to the appropriate legislative com-
mittees. These changes left the Appropriations Committee with a
diminished, but still substantial, jurisdiction, divided among six
subcommittees. Among the remaining subcommittees, for exam-
ple, the Legislative Subcommittee was responsible for funding for
the salaries and contingent expenses of most of the executive
branch departments (including the civilian administration of the
Navy and War Departments, but not the Agriculture Department)
in the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial bill. The Sundry Civil
Subcommittee provided funding for the activities of a wide variety
of agencies (such as the Bureau of Mines, the Customs Service, the
Interstate Commerce Commission, and the Veterans’ Bureau). The
Sundry Civil bill was frequently the largest of the general appro-
priations bills. The Appropriations Committee also retained sub-
committees to consider the Diplomatic and Consular, District of
Columbia, and Fortifications bills, as well as a subcommittee de-
voted to deficiencies.
For the next 20 years, little significant change occurred in the
appropriations process. In 1911, the committee’s membership rose
to 17 and in 1915 to 20, but no revisions of consequence took
place in the referral of bills and the authority of the committee.
9
 DECENTRALIZED APPROPRIATIONS PROCEDURES, 1900–1920
Even under the decentralized approach to Federal financing, the
Appropriations Committee continued its efforts to place some re-
straints on Government spending. During the period between
1897 and 1909, the expenditures occasioned by the Spanish-Amer-
ican War, together with enlarged Federal functions, practically
doubled annual appropriations. Because the customs duties and
tariff revenues that had provided the major source of Government
funds from the early days of the Republic no longer sufficed to
finance the increased outlays, this extensive spending resulted in
an unbalanced budget, with deficits existing in 10 of the 16 years
between 1894 and 1909.
A further problem from a congressional standpoint was the
growing use by executive branch agencies of a device that has been
termed ‘‘coercive deficiencies.’’ An agency would spend at a rapid
rate money that had been appropriated for an entire year. When
the funds neared exhaustion, the agency informed Congress that,
if additional appropriations were not provided, the required serv-
ices would have to be stopped, in order to comply with the Anti-
Deficiency Act of 1870. Although Congress complained about this
practice, it felt obliged to grant the funds, in order to avoid cur-
tailing or shutting down some executive function deemed vital to
the Nation. Compounding the problem, the loss of jurisdiction by
the Appropriations Committee meant that two different commit-
tees might have handled the original appropriation and the defi-
ciency request. The Senate and House Appropriations Committees,
led by their chairmen, Senator Eugene Hale and Representative
(later Senator) James A. Hemenway, resolved to end this practice
of the ‘‘understrappers,’’ as Senator Hale termed them, who flaunt-
ed their power in the face of congressional edict. In 1905 and
1906, Congress twice amended the antideficiency language in sec-
tion 3679 of the Revised Statutes. In addition to the provision of
1870 requiring that expenditures be limited to money appro-
priated for a given fiscal year, the new law stipulated that the ap-
propriations should be apportioned by monthly or other allot-
ments, in order to prevent excessive expenditures in one portion
of the year that would necessitate a deficiency appropriation later
on. Such apportionments could not be waived or modified except
‘‘upon the happening of some extraordinary emergency or unusual
circumstance which could not be anticipated’’ at the time of the
apportionment. In cases in which an apportionment was waived or
changed, the law required the head of the applicable department
or agency to explain the reasons to Congress.
In another action, the Appropriations Committee in 1906
sought to stop the practice of permitting the heads of departments
10
to submit their estimates ‘‘piecemeal,’’ as Senator Hale termed it.
Instead, Congress directed each agency to include in its initial re-
quest the full amount that would be needed to carry out its re-
sponsibilities. If additional funds were later required to implement
new laws or to provide a necessary public service, the request
should include a full statement explaining the urgency of the need
and the reasons for omitting the amount from the annual esti-
mates. Further, a provision of the Sundry Civil Appropriation Act
in 1909 made the President responsible for recommending to Con-
gress the methods by which annual expenditure estimates might
be brought within the estimated revenues.
THE BUDGET AND ACCOUNTING ACT OF 1921
Although the decentralized approach to appropriations was slow
to die, a new concept of budgeting gradually developed in the first
two decades of the 20th century. In 1910, shortly after the revi-
sion of antideficiency legislation, President William Howard Taft
appointed a Commission on Economy and Efficiency. Its report 2
years later urged the adoption of a Federal budget system. Shortly
before leaving office in 1913, President William Howard Taft at-
tempted to implement a key recommendation of the Commission
by submitting a consolidated executive budget, but Congress re-
fused to consider it, and the Commission quietly went out of busi-
ness the following year. The outbreak of the First World War de-
layed further congressional consideration of the question of a new
budget system, but by the time the Budget and Accounting Act
was signed into law by President Warren G. Harding in 1921 the
idea of an executive budget had been accepted as a necessity for
achieving economy and efficiency.
During World War I, as in previous wars, the executive branch
was granted great flexibility in its use of appropriated funds. A
Congress eager to support the war effort and avoid having fiscal
procedures hinder military operations permitted such tactics as
lump-sum appropriations, the use of revolving funds, and a gen-
erally worded permission to employ contract authority and incur
obligations in excess of appropriations. Once the war was over,
however, Congress moved to reassert its control over the use of
funds, particularly in light of a general concern that retrenchment
was needed. The average annual appropriation for the 10 years
prior to World War I had hovered at the billion-dollar mark but,
by the war’s end, the amount had soared to $27 billion. For fiscal
year 1920, the first peacetime year, appropriations stood at ap-
proximately $6.5 billion, over six times the prewar average. The
answer appeared to be a major budgetary overhaul.
Congress took the first steps soon after the war, when it discon-
tinued as no longer necessary the practice of making large lump-
11
sum appropriations. Congress also rescinded some appropriations
and curtailed the use of revolving funds, while liquidating many
of the war-spawned Government corporations. Such changes con-
trolled practices brought about by wartime exigencies, but they
did not strike at the root of the problem. For example, coercive
deficiencies continued to flourish, despite the requirement of sec-
tion 3679 of the Revised Statutes that appropriations be allocated
over the course of a full year. Although Appropriations Committee
Chairman Senator Francis E. Warren of Wyoming fought against
this practice, he faced the old problem that, if Congress denied
these requests for deficiencies, it would be penalizing public serv-
ants and others who had earned their salaries or furnished com-
modities for which they should be paid. The fact also remained
that no one had been punished under the provisions of the Anti-
Deficiency Act.
Other major problems were all too evident. Each agency of the
Government had generally dealt directly with Congress in its re-
quests for funds. Neither the President nor the Treasury Depart-
ment exercised any coordinated control over budgetary policies and
requests. In 1909 the Treasury Department had the responsibility
to inform the President if a budget deficit was anticipated, little
or no overall budgetary control existed. The Treasury Department
collected the estimates submitted by the departments and agencies
and transmitted them to Congress without changes.
From a legislative standpoint, the system that the Senate had
employed since the turn of the century had obvious drawbacks.
With no centralized responsibility for budgetary consideration,
eight different committees pursued their own courses, and appro-
priations for a single department might be handled by several dif-
ferent committees. As an extreme example, appropriations for the
War Department were contained in four different bills before three
separate committees. Over the years, many legislators contended
that such fragmentation of appropriations among numerous com-
mittees was in the end extravagant, with some describing the pre-
vailing system as ‘‘illogical, unscientific, and universally con-
demned by disinterested students of our Government.’’ The plat-
forms of both major parties in 1916 had also stressed the need for
reform.
To address these problems, Congress in 1920 passed a budget
and accounting bill, which President Woodrow Wilson vetoed on
constitutional grounds involving his power to remove the comp-
troller general from office. The next year, however, the attempt
succeeded, and President Warren G. Harding signed the Budget
and Accounting Act of 1921. Passage of the law brought major
changes in the entire appropriating procedure, designed to give
12
Congress greater control over the budgetary process and to estab-
lish a more centralized approach to financial policy in both the ex-
ecutive and legislative branches.
The most far-reaching single fiscal reform measure promulgated
since the establishment of the Republic, the Budget and Account-
ing Act provided for unified executive control over budget submis-
sion and created a legislative agency whose duties included a cen-
tralized oversight of all executive spending. Implementation of the
act also led to a consolidation of the congressional appropriations
process.
Thus, after 130 years, the financial operation of the Government
was to be brought within a centralized system. Specifically, the
law required the President to transmit to Congress the proposed
annual budget of the United States. To oversee this process, it es-
tablished a Bureau of the Budget, predecessor of the current Office
of Management and Budget, located in the Treasury Department
but under the immediate direction of the President, which was
empowered to assemble, correlate, revise, and reduce or increase
the estimates of the several departments and establishments.
In addition, the act established the General Accounting Office 3,
headed by a comptroller general of the United States, which was
to be entirely independent of the executive branch and responsible
only to Congress as its fiscal representative and auditor. The agen-
cy’s powers, which have since been enlarged, were sweeping, giv-
ing Congress an independent agent to audit executive accounts and
investigate all receipts, disbursements, and applications of public
funds. The new General Accounting Office also absorbed powers
previously delegated to the Treasury Department under the 1894
Dockery Act. In regard to deficiencies, the act specified that the
comptroller general should report to Congress expenditures or con-
tracts made by any department or agency in violation of the law.
COMMITTEE JURISDICTION RESTORED
In 1922, after the new act took effect, the Senate confronted the
need to adjust to the altered arrangement of appropriations meas-
ures. With the approval of the President, the Bureau of the Budg-
et proposed a new structure for considering the regular annual ap-
propriations bills, and the House Committee on Appropriations—
which had assumed control over all general appropriations again
in 1920—adopted the procedure. According to the Senate proce-
dure followed since 1899, a large number of appropriations bills
were referred to legislative committees, while the remainder went
to the Committee on Appropriations. The new arrangement wiped
3 On July 7, 2004, the name of the General Accounting Office was changed to the Government
Accountability Office.

13
out most of the old categories of appropriations bills and sub-
stituted new ones, grouped according to the various units of gov-
ernmental organization. Although the law required, and the Bu-
reau of the Budget provided, alternative lists of estimates (one
under the old method of procedure and one under the new) the
Senate needed to offer some direction regarding the proper course
to pursue. As Senate Appropriations Committee Chairman Francis
Warren pointed out:
. . . if the so-called budget law is put into effect as it was intended, it will
require us to pursue very much the same procedure as the other House is now
pursuing and under which they are working so harmoniously and expeditiously
in the present Congress. On the other hand, if it be sought to divide over the
various appropriation bills as heretofore, then, I think, it will be better that
the rule shall distinctly refer to the bills under this new designation and cause
their reference to whatever committee may be provided. My purpose will be to
state the facts and to introduce a resolution which may go to the Committee
on Rules in order that they may consider the entire subject.
The new procedure, envisaging a changed structure cutting
across the lines of the previous appropriations process, affected the
bills referred to the various legislative committees as well as those
sent to the Appropriations Committee. Not one bill previously
handled by the legislative committees remained as it was; only one
bill, the deficiency measure, remained unchanged; and only two
bills under the old titles would be referred to the Senate Com-
mittee on Appropriations. Concerned about the need to take some
action, Senator Warren proposed the following resolution—while
indicating that he had no desire to infringe on the rights and
privileges of any individual Senator or committee:
Resolved, That clause 1 of rule 16 of the Standing Rules of the Senate be
amended so as to read as follows, to wit:
‘‘1. All general appropriation bills shall be referred to the Committee on Ap-
propriations, and no amendments shall be received to any general appropriation
bill the effect of which will be to increase an appropriation already contained
in the bill, or to add a new item of appropriation, unless it be made to carry
out the provisions of some existing law, or treaty stipulation, or act, or resolu-
tion previously passed by the Senate during that session; or unless the same be
moved by direction of a standing or select committee of the Senate, or proposed
in pursuance of an estimate of the head of some one of the departments.’’
The effect of the proposed resolution would be to bring all general
appropriations back under the control of the Committee on Appro-
priations, which, in turn, could set up subcommittees compatible
with the new budget structure and the operations of the House
committee.
The subject was broached by Senator Warren on January 16 and
18, 1922, and the actual debate on the resolution began on March
1 and continued until March 6. The Rules Committee rec-
ommended that Senate Rule XVI be amended so that all general
14
appropriation bills would be referred to the Senate Committee on
Appropriations and that the chairman and two other members of
the Committees on Agriculture and Forestry, Military Affairs,
Naval Affairs, Post Office and Post Roads, Commerce, and Foreign
Relations would sit with the members of the Committee on Ap-
propriations on those matters over which the legislative commit-
tees maintained jurisdiction. It was further proposed that an ap-
propriation bill would be subject to a point of order if the bill
contained amendments proposing new or general legislation.
Although some opposition existed to the entire concept of the
Committee on Appropriations assuming control over all appropria-
tions, most of the debate centered on the idea of having ex officio
members from the legislative committees sitting with the Com-
mittee on Appropriations when agencies within their legislative
jurisdiction were requesting funds, and, similarly, having them
represented on the conference committees. Senator Pat Harrison of
Mississippi moved that the Senate reverse the proposal and provide
that three members of the Committee on Appropriations sit in
conference with the members of the legislative committees. Senator
George Norris of Nebraska, on the other hand, favored eliminating
the ex officio legislative committee members from appropriations
consideration. The final arrangement authorized three members of
the legislative committees to sit with the Committee on Appro-
priations during consideration of appropriations for the designated
departments, and authorized one to sit on the conferences. The
District of Columbia legislative committee received the same
rights as the other legislative committees.
Some Senators also worried about making the Committee on
Appropriations all powerful, but the amendment to Rule XVI, as
perfected on the floor, stilled much of the opposition by forbid-
ding the committee to report an appropriation bill containing
amendments proposing new or general legislation. A point of order
could be lodged against any bill including such an amendment
that, if sustained, would send the measure back to committee. The
Senate adopted the amendment to Rule XVI by a vote of 63 to
14.
To implement the revised structure of appropriations bills, the
committee established a new set of subcommittees, including: Ag-
riculture; Commerce and Labor; Deficiencies; District of Columbia;
Independent Offices; Interior; Legislative; Navy; Post Office; State
and Justice; Treasury; and War Department, which was responsible
for both military and civilian functions (such as river and harbor
improvements done by the Corps of Engineers). During the next
25 years only minor changes took place in the subcommittee
structure, such as the combination of the Treasury Department and
15
the Post Office subcommittees, and the combination of the State
and Justice Departments with the Commerce and Labor Depart-
ments subcommittees (and later, establishing a separate Labor De-
partment subcommittee).
The committee procedure remained generally stable from the
time of the 1922 amendment to Rule XVI to the passage of the
Legislative Reorganization Act in 1946. The size of the com-
mittee, however, did fluctuate somewhat. By 1915, the committee
had increased to 20 members, but the amendment to Rule XVI
decreased it again to 16, because of the fear of either a too un-
wieldy or a too powerful committee, as well as because of the ad-
dition of ex officio members to the committee (a practice that
lasted until the 94th Congress). In 1927 it was increased to 19
members, in 1931 to 23 members, in 1935 to 24 members, and
in 1943 to 25 members.

II. THE MODERN ERA

LEGISLATIVE REORGANIZATION ACT OF 1946
As World War II was drawing to a close, many Members of
Congress recognized the growing need for a major overhaul of the
Federal structure. The depression of the 1930s and the war in the
1940s had spawned a vast number of new agencies to meet these
national crises. At the same time, the close scrutiny over appro-
priations and their use that Congress had so painstakingly evolved
was again loosened to permit executive flexibility in the adminis-
tration of emergency measures. Once more, Congress had resorted
to lump-sum appropriations, had legalized transfers of appropria-
tions, and had created a multiplicity of corporations, first to com-
bat the depression and later to aid the conduct of the war. In the
closing days of 1945, Congress passed the Government Corpora-
tion Control Act and an act to provide for the reorganization of
Government agencies. These laws were designed to make possible
financial control of Government corporations and promote econ-
omy in Government by eliminating, coordinating, and consoli-
dating agencies. Congress also again ended lump-sum appropria-
tions and prohibited transfers of appropriations.
Recognizing that it must also set its own house in better order,
Congress in 1945 created a joint committee, chaired by Wisconsin
Senator Robert M. La Follette, Jr., with Representative A.S. Mike
Monroney of Oklahoma as vice chair, to make a full study of the
organization and operation of Congress. As a result of that study,
joint committee members introduced a bill in 1946 proposing
changes in the institutional operations of Congress. The Senate
passed the legislation in June; the House acted the next month;
16
and President Harry Truman signed it into law on August 2,
1946. The measure as enacted stipulated that there should be a
total of 15 standing committees in the Senate, a marked reduction
from the previous 33. It further required—for the first time in
history—that the rules of the Senate define the jurisdiction of the
reorganized committees. The act described the jurisdiction of the
Committee on Appropriations as follows:
‘‘to which committee shall be referred all proposed legislation, messages, peti-
tions, memorials, and other matters relating to the following subjects:
1. Appropriation of the revenue for the support of the Government. . . .’’
The original bill had proposed that the membership of the com-
mittee be reduced to 13, but a floor amendment raised the num-
ber to 21, still a decrease of 4 from the previous 25.
The act also provided that Senators could serve on no more than
two standing committees, with the exception of majority-party
members of the Committees on Expenditures and the District of
Columbia who could serve on no more than three committees.
This change eliminated the multiplicity of assignments, which had
risen to as many as 10 standing committee memberships for a sin-
gle Senator.
To provide more adequate staffing of congressional committees,
the act authorized employing four staff experts for each committee
except the Senate and House Committees on Appropriations. Each
of these committees were authorized to set their own committee
staff levels. Left to each standing committee’s discretion were the
qualifications of the staff, which had been a focus of discussion
during the Senate debate. In 1947 the number of committee staff
members was increased considerably.
JOINT COMMITTEE ON THE LEGISLATIVE BUDGET
The Legislative Reorganization Act also revived and expanded
an idea that had been suggested by Senator Miles Poindexter of
Washington in 1921. He had urged creation of a joint committee
‘‘to meet promptly at the convening of each session of Congress,’’
in order to examine Government revenues and prepare to allocate
the funds that would be available for appropriation during the en-
suing fiscal year. The new act established a Joint Committee on
the Legislative Budget to be composed of members of the Senate
and House Appropriations Committees, the Senate Finance Com-
mittee, and the House Ways and Means Committee. The joint
committee was to meet at the beginning of each regular session
and, after study and consultation, report to the respective houses
a legislative budget for the ensuing fiscal year, including the esti-
mated Federal receipts and expenditures for that year. The report
would recommend the total amount to be reserved for deficiencies,
17
as well as a reduction in the public debt if estimated receipts were
expected to exceed expenditures. A concurrent resolution was to
accompany the report, fixing the maximum amount to be appro-
priated for expenditure during that year. If expenditures were esti-
mated to exceed receipts, the report would include a statement of
the sense of Congress that the public debt would be increased by
the amount of the excess. After considerable discussion, the date
of the report was fixed at February 15 of each year, although the
original recommendation had been April 15. At the time, Senator
Alben Barkley of Kentucky expressed reservations about the tim-
ing of the report, and subsequent experience demonstrated that his
misgivings were well founded.4
Attempts were made in 1947 and 1948 to carry out the intent
of the legislative budget provision, with little success. In 1947 the
conferees between the two Houses were unable to reach a final
agreement on the differing versions of two budget resolutions
passed after joint meetings. In 1948, both Houses adopted a joint
resolution, but a strongly worded minority report noted basic de-
fects in the procedure. In 1949, a joint resolution that would have
suspended the legislative budget provision pending further study
was introduced but blocked by an objection. The joint committee
held no further meetings after that time.
OTHER EFFORTS TO CONTROL SPENDING
In 1950 Congress attempted another experiment, in the form of
a consolidated appropriations bill, in which all appropriations were
to be considered in a single measure. The proponents believed that
the plan would promote economy, speed up the appropriations
process, and provide Congress with the total funding picture be-
fore any appropriations were made. The complexity and magnitude
of the operation, however, made the committee’s work difficult
and floor consideration cumbersome. The experiment was therefore
not repeated.
Congress did enact other laws designed to improve and
strengthen controls over the budgetary process that were more suc-
cessful. The National Security Act Amendments of 1949, for ex-
ample, reorganized the fiscal management in the Department of
Defense to promote efficiency and economy. In 1950 the Budget
and Accounting Procedures Act improved the process for budg-
eting, accounting, and auditing, as well as permitting the Presi-
dent to prepare a performance budget focusing on the functions
4 The original bill also included a deficit reduction provision that was eventually dropped. If,
midway through the fiscal year, total Federal expenditures appeared likely to exceed receipts by
more than the congressionally approved deficit, the provision required the President uniformly to
reduce all appropriations to bring the deficit within the limit previously set, unless there was a
national emergency.

18
of the Government. That act also strengthened the Office of the
Comptroller General and placed a variety of statistical and infor-
mational requirements on the executive branch, in order to provide
both branches of Government with better tools for legislative and
management controls. The Supplemental Appropriations Act for
1955 tightened the basis for reporting obligations. In addition, the
Appropriations Committees took steps to strengthen antideficiency
legislation during the 1950s by adopting more effective controls,
simplifying the allotment system, and limiting the nature of defi-
ciency requests. In 1958 Congress amended the Budget and Ac-
counting Act of 1921 to authorize an accrued expenditure limita-
tion system, although opponents of the plan believed that the leg-
islation would not provide the desired controls.
Fiscal controls have been enhanced since the 1950s by more fre-
quent use of the annual authorization process initiated by the leg-
islative committees. Originally, appropriations were based on the
legal authority contained in basic statutes creating Government
departments and agencies and by revisions of those laws. The
change to require annual authorizations for many programs enables
Congress to review twice—through the authorization process and
through the appropriations process—the financial requirements of
many Government agencies, particularly in those areas where re-
quirements change markedly from year to year. Since the upper
limits of many appropriations are defined through the authoriza-
tion process, the appropriation procedure is closely tied to author-
ization action.
THE 1974 BUDGET ACT AND SUBSEQUENT DEVELOPMENTS
During the late 1960s and early 1970s, the budget deficit grew
as a result of increased spending for both the Vietnam war and
domestic programs, leading Congress on several occasions to adopt
spending limits. Then, during the Presidency of Richard Nixon,
as the executive branch became increasingly concerned about con-
trolling spending, the President began impounding certain pro-
gram funds appropriated by Congress that exceeded the amount
included in his original budget. This action raised the question
whether the executive branch or Congress had final control over
spending.
In response to this executive-legislative branch conflict, Con-
gress passed the 1974 Congressional Budget and Impoundment
Control Act, creating a comprehensive new Federal budget process.
Since the goal was to enable the Senate and House to examine the
entire budget for a fiscal year including appropriations, direct
spending, and revenues, and set priorities among programs, Con-
gress needed access to independent fiscal estimates and technical
expertise, rather than relying on executive branch agencies that re-
19
ported to the President. The legislation therefore established a
Congressional Budget Office as a legislative branch agency report-
ing to Congress. While retaining the Senate and House Appropria-
tions Committees in their traditional roles, the law created Budget
Committees in each body to oversee the new process. In order to
combat the impoundment problem, the act established a system
permitting the President, with congressional approval, to defer or
rescind spending of appropriated funds. Under the new process,
Congress would use a concurrent resolution to establish a plan set-
ting forth the levels for taxation, spending, and the deficit. The
plan would then be implemented through enactment of budgetary
legislation in the traditional manner. The act also changed the
Government’s fiscal year to begin on October 1 rather than July
1 as it had previously.
In spite of the new budget process, the national budget deficit
climbed steeply in the early 1980s, leading Congress in 1985 to
adopt the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act
(known as Gramm-Rudman-Hollings after its Senate sponsors,
Senators Phil Gramm of Texas, Warren B. Rudman of New
Hampshire, and Ernest F. Hollings of South Carolina). Aimed at
achieving a balanced budget within 5 years, this law provided
that, when the Federal deficit exceeded certain levels, automatic
across-the-board cuts in spending (known as ‘‘sequestration’’)
would take place.
When budget deficits again began to rise a few years later, con-
gressional leaders tried the so-called budget summit approach, in
which they met with representatives of the administration to seek
agreement on ways to reduce the deficit. While they achieved
some temporary success, by 1990 the deficit soared once more, far
exceeding the targets set under Gramm-Rudman-Hollings. As part
of a budget summit plan negotiated with President George H.W.
Bush to cut the deficit, Congress enacted the Budget Enforcement
Act of 1990. This act shifted the focus of budgetary control away
from the deficit and instead defined limits for the contents of
budgetary legislation. It established two new control mechanisms,
both enforced by sequestration: spending caps designed to limit
the level of discretionary spending provided in appropriations acts;
and the pay-as-you-go (PAYGO) process designed to limit changes
in the overall level of revenues and direct spending due to new
legislation (but not due to external factors, such as economic con-
ditions). Initially these restrictions were designed to last through
1995, but in 1993 they were extended through 1997, and in 1997
they were extended through 2002.
As a result of spending conflicts between Congress and the
President, and within Congress as well, during the 1980’s it be-
20
came increasingly difficult to enact all of the appropriations bills
in a timely fashion. In response, Congress began to use continuing
resolutions—originally designed to provide temporary funding at
the start of a fiscal year if action on one or more of the regular
appropriations bills were stalled—as a substitute. Congress used
such continuing resolutions as omnibus measures, combining the
contents of 2 or more regular appropriations bills, culminating in
combining all 13 appropriations bills in a continuing resolution
in both 1986 and 1987. Except for 7 years (fiscal year 1988-fiscal
year 1995) the practice of using omnibus appropriations bills has
generally continued to date. Although continuing resolutions were
generally not used as a vehicle for such action.
PRESENT COMMITTEE STRUCTURE
Throughout the 1970s to date, the Senate Committee on Ap-
propriations has continued its work on individual appropriations
bills, while operating within the framework of the budget process
established in 1974, as modified in 1985 and 1990. A number of
members of the Senate Appropriations Committee also serve on
the Budget Committee, providing an informal liaison between the
two committees.
Over the decades, the subcommittee structure has also changed
to reflect developments in the executive branch. With passage of
the National Security Act of 1947, as amended in 1949, for exam-
ple, the subcommittees dealing with the military establishment
were combined, first into the Armed Services Subcommittee and
later, in 1955, into the Department of Defense Subcommittee. In
1967 a Transportation Subcommittee was established to handle ap-
propriation requests for the newly formed Department of Trans-
portation.
In 1969 (91st Congress), the Full Committee relinquished con-
sideration of bills for funding foreign aid to a Subcommittee on
Foreign Operations. In 1971 (92nd Congress), the Committee re-
served consideration of general supplemental bills to the Full
Committee and eliminated the Subcommittee on Deficiencies and
Supplementals, leaving the Committee with 13 subcommittees.
In 2003 (108th Congress), in response to the enactment by
Congress of legislation in 2002 creating a new Department of
Homeland Security, the Committee created a Subcommittee on
Homeland Security whose jurisdiction mirrored that of the new
department. Portions of departments, agencies, bureaus and ac-
counts that had been previously funded in eight subcommittees
were moved to the jurisdiction of the new subcommittee. Activi-
ties previously funded in the Transportation and Related Agencies
subcommittee and the Treasury, General Government sub-
committee but not moved to the Homeland Security sub-
21
committee, were considered by in a new Transportation, Treasury
and General Government subcommittee. After restructuring, the
Committee continued to have 13 subcommittees.
In 2005 (109th Congress), the Senate Appropriations Com-
mittee adopted a major reorganization, eliminating the Sub-
committee on Veterans Affairs, Housing and Urban Development,
and Independent Agencies and making the following major
changes:
—jurisdiction of the National Aeronautics and Space Adminis-
tration (NASA), the National Science Foundation, and the
Office of Science and Technology Policy transferred to the
former Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, State, and the
Judiciary;
—jurisdiction of Veterans Affairs transferred to the former Sub-
committee on Military Construction;
—jurisdiction of the Department of Housing and Urban Devel-
opment transferred to the former Subcommittee on Transpor-
tation, Treasury and General Government;
—jurisdiction of the Judicial Branch transferred from the former
Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, State, and the Judiciary
to the former Subcommittee on Transportation, Treasury and
General Government;
—jurisdiction of the Environmental Protection Agency trans-
ferred to the Subcommittee on Interior and Related Agencies;
—jurisdiction of energy-related accounts formerly exercised by
the Subcommittee on Interior and Related Agencies trans-
ferred to the Subcommittee on Energy and Water; and
—jurisdiction of the State Department and related agencies
transferred to the former Subcommittee on Foreign Oper-
ations.
In 2007, in order to facilitate action on each of the appropria-
tion bills, the House and Senate Appropriations Committees co-
ordinated to establish 12 subcommittees with virtually identical
responsibilities.
The present subcommittee structure is as follows:
Agriculture, Rural Development, and Related Agencies
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies
Defense
Energy and Water Development
Financial Services and General Government
Homeland Security
Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies
Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Re-
lated Agencies
Legislative Branch
22
 Military Construction and Veterans Affairs, and Related
Agencies
State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs
Transportation and Housing and Urban Development, and
Related Agencies
In order to promote improved decisionmaking with regard to
congressionally directed spending items, the Appropriations Com-
mittee, in 2007, under Chairman Robert C. Byrd, worked to es-
tablish a new Rule XLIV of the Standing Rules of the Senate (in
Public Law 110–81). The new Rule XLIV establishes unprece-
dented transparency and accountability to the process of approving
member requests.
CONCLUSION
Article I, Section 9 of the Constitution of the United Sates
reads: ‘‘No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Con-
sequence of Appropriations made by law.’’ In this 16-word clause,
the Constitution explicitly vests Congress with the power of the
purse, the national power over expenditures of Government funds.
In Federalist 58, James Madison, the Father of our Constitution,
wrote that ‘‘this power over the purse may, in fact, be regarded
as the most complete and effectual weapon with which any con-
stitution can arm the immediate representatives of the people, for
obtaining a redress of every grievance, and for carrying into effect
every just and salutary measure.’’
Even the foremost proponent of executive power at the Con-
stitutional Convention, Alexander Hamilton, in Federalist 78, ac-
knowledged that the legislative ‘‘commands the purse’’.
After winning the Revolution, our Founding Fathers built a sys-
tem of Government to inhibit tyranny. They did so by devising
a form of Government that separated the three branches of Gov-
ernment, the executive, legislative, and the judicial, because, as
Madison pointed out in Federalist 47, tyranny results whenever the
three branches of Government are concentrated in the same hands.
Then, in Federalist 51, he noted that the key to avoiding a con-
centration of power in a single branch was ‘‘in giving to those who
administer each department the necessary constitutional means and
personal motives to resist encroachments of the others.’’
In giving the legislature the power of the purse, our Founding
Fathers were fully aware of the long struggles over money between
Parliament and Crown in England. In Federalist 58, Madison wrote
that the power of the purse was ‘‘the powerful instrument by
which we behold, in the history of the British constitution, an in-
fant and humble representation of the people gradually enlarging
the sphere of its activity and importance.’’
23
 Through appropriations of Federal money, Congress not merely
sets aside particular amounts of money; it defines the character, ex-
tent, and scope of authorized activities. With the power to appro-
priate funds, Congress can define and limit Presidential power. In
domestic as well as in foreign affairs, it can withhold all or part
of an appropriation and may attach riders to appropriations meas-
ures to proscribe certain actions. The Founders knew that by mak-
ing the President the Commander in Chief, they were giving him
awesome powers that could be abused. For this reason, George
Mason warned the Philadelphia Convention in 1787, that ‘‘the
purse and the sword ought never to get into the same hands.’’ For
this reason, the sword was placed in the hands of the executive,
while the purse was placed in the hands of Congress, the rep-
resentative of the people.
Congress is the people’s branch of Government, and it is Con-
gress that will best preserve the American republic. If Congress is
to ensure that we will never have a strong, unchecked executive
with the capacity to abuse power and endanger individual free-
doms, and if Congress is to continue as a coequal branch of Gov-
ernment, a healthy, vigorous system of checks and balances is es-
sential. If Congress is to remain a strong, independent, vigorous
and aggressive branch, ready, willing, and capable of retaining
close control over executive agencies and the President, it must re-
tain control of the purse strings.

24
 The Budget Cycle
From the time of the conception of the budgets of the indi-
vidual departments and agencies to the signing of the appropria-
tion bills into law requires about 18 months. The process involves
a large number of individuals and organizations, a great many de-
cisions, and numerous procedures.
The first steps are taken in the executive branch by the various
departments and agencies. In the spring, program offices in execu-
tive agencies begin compiling material necessary for the budget
submission that will culminate in the President’s budget request
to Congress the following February. [So, for example, for the fiscal
year 2009 budget request that was submitted in February 2008,
agencies began the process in the spring of 2007.] Budget formu-
lation officially begins in March or April when the Office of Man-
agement and Budget (OMB), as the overseer of budget develop-
ment for the President, issues its spring guidance outlining the ad-
ministration’s program priorities and overall funding levels. De-
partments in turn issue guidelines to subordinate agencies; these
guidelines are consistent with the administration’s policy positions
and provide instructions on the departmental budget decision-
making process. Typically a department’s budget is built from the
bottom up. At each stage, agency and department budget staff re-
view requests and make recommendations to senior managers who
are responsible for policy and funding decisions.
The Government Performance and Results Act requires that
OMB have agencies prepare annual performance plans along with
their budget requests. These annual performance plans set out per-
formance goals for the fiscal year, a description of operational proc-
esses, and the measures used to show progress towards meeting
planned objectives. Like agency budget requests, agency perform-
ance plans are submitted to OMB for review in early fall.
As agencies engage in their internal decision making process
during the late spring and summer, OMB prepares for the next
stage of budget formulation with the submission of department
budgets for OMB’s review. Although the specifics vary, this typi-
cally consists of three principal activities: (1) development of posi-
tion papers by OMB staff on issues that are likely to be raised in
OMB’s fall reviews, such as administration program priorities, ini-
tiatives, or agency management, (2) preparation of the Mid-Session
25
Review, which provides an update to the budget request pending
before Congress and informs OMB’s review of the departments’
submissions in September, and (3) issuance of further guidance on
the content, format, and deadlines for department budget submis-
sions. From September through most of November, OMB conducts
budget reviews—which can include department or agency hearings
and requests for further information—that culminate in Director’s
Reviews. Director’s Reviews are internal OMB sessions in which
final decisions are usually made on what the President will request
for departments and agencies. Departments are informed in late
November of the outcome of these sessions and have a brief period
to appeal. Once decisions are final, the departments and agencies
conform their budget submissions accordingly. From December on,
OMB and the agencies prepare the President’s budget, which by
law must be submitted to Congress between the first Monday in
January and the first Monday in February. In recent years, the
President’s budget has been submitted on the first Monday in Feb-
ruary. This marks the end of the executive branch budget formula-
tion process in the budget cycle.
Meanwhile, the congressional budget process begins in January
with the Congressional Budget Office’s [CBO] report on The
Budget and Economic Outlook. Currently this outlook covers 10
years. Shortly after the submission of the President’s budget, the
House and Senate Budget Committees begin the process of pre-
paring a congressional budget resolution. This is a concurrent reso-
lution containing the Congress’ views on the appropriate level of
spending and revenues—i.e. the appropriate fiscal position of the
Government—and of broad funding priorities. The resolution allo-
cates budgetary resources by budget function—such as national de-
fense or transportation or education and training, et cetera. The
reports accompanying the resolution (including the conference re-
port) also identify allocations by committee, including the House
and Senate Appropriations Committees. The Appropriations Com-
mittees then subdivide these resources among their 12 subcommit-
tees to fund Federal Government operations and other activities
under the Committees’ jurisdiction. Agencies are required to sub-
mit to the relevant Appropriations subcommittees budget justifica-
tions consistent with the Presidents budget, but at a level of detail
that meets the Appropriation subcommittee’s needs.
The Senate and House Appropriations subcommittees set up
schedules for the hearing of departmental and agency officials, usu-
ally starting with the secretary of the department, with the subor-
dinate heads of the agency following. All administration state-
ments are submitted to OMB for clearance before being sent to
the subcommittees; these statements, and the justifications of esti-
26
mates, are examined by members and staff. The testimony, which
is transcribed by an official reporter, is subsequently released by
the committee. The House and Senate Appropriations hearings
often occur during the same time frame.
Hearings before the Senate Appropriations subcommittees are
usually held in open session with the public invited. Under the
normal practice, only matters involving national security are heard
in executive session and, even then, an attempt is made to keep
the public informed by releasing at the time of the hearing unclas-
sified versions of the classified statements made by officials, and
publishing at a later date ‘‘cleared’’ versions of the testimony. Be-
cause much of the committee’s work involves information available
only to the executive agencies, the preponderance of testimony is
provided by officials of these agencies. However, representatives of
other groups and informed individuals may appear before the com-
mittee, and their testimony is given due weight.
In the 110th Congress, each of the 29 members of the Senate
Committee on Appropriations is assigned to six or seven sub-
committees, although, in the past, members have sometimes been
assigned to as many as eight subcommittees. Membership on the
subcommittees currently ranges from 5 to 21 regular members.
Hearings on appropriations bills range from a minimum of a few
days to a normal maximum of several weeks, although they may
extend over a period of months, depending on the magnitude of
the submission and the importance attached to the presentation.
For many years the committee has usually made it a practice to
review the budget requests in their entirety, as distinguished from
considering only appeals from previous House action.
The members of the subcommittees are experts in the areas over
which they exercise authority. Their long tenure on the sub-
committees, the interests of their States, their own national inter-
ests, and frequently their membership on related legislative com-
mittees provide them with a rich background of knowledge and
experience, thus enabling them to deal skillfully with a wide vari-
ety of unique and recurring problems of National, State, or local
import. This exacting and time-consuming work carried on by the
members is in addition to their work on other committees, the ne-
cessity for their frequent floor appearances on other legislative
matters, and the work they must accomplish in their own offices
in connection with the requests and interests of their constituents.
After the hearings, an appropriation bill is ‘‘marked up’’ by the
subcommittee. That is, the subcommittee members make decisions
about the levels of budget authority to be given to the entities
under the subcommittee’s jurisdiction. They also make any deci-
sions about any restrictions or flexibilities they wish to provide re-
27
garding the use of appropriated funds. It is at this session that the
members of the subcommittee decide the amounts to be provided
in the bill for each segment of the particular executive agency
under consideration. Subcommittee meetings, including mark-up
sessions, are open to the general public, except when the sub-
committee, in open session by majority vote, decides to close a
meeting because discussions will involve national security, law en-
forcement agents or information, or other confidential or sensitive
information.
‘‘Committee prints’’ of the bill and report are developed by the
staff under the supervision of the subcommittee. These are then
submitted to the full committee. At these sessions, the burden of
proof no longer rests on the witnesses but upon the chairman of
the subcommittee, the ranking minority member, and the other
Senators on the subcommittee, who work together in the formula-
tion of the policy of the subcommittee. This is normally accom-
plished in 1 day, although on occasion more time is required.
Once the full committee has agreed to the items and amounts to
be contained in the bill and report, the bill and report are trans-
mitted to the parent body, House or Senate, as the case may be.
The bill and report then are made available to all interested par-
ties.
Historically, it has been the custom for appropriation bills to
be considered first in the House of Representatives, although there
is no statutory or constitutional requirement for this procedure.
Debate on the bills may be limited to a few hours or may last
several days. If the House acts first, its bill is messaged over to
the Senate, where it is referred to the Senate Committee on Appro-
priations. There it is studied by the subcommittee charged with
the responsibility for the bill, and there, as previously described,
the subcommittee takes such action and makes such changes as are
deemed advisable. Action by the subcommittee, the full com-
mittee, and the full Senate is roughly comparable to consideration
in the House with one major procedural exception. It has become
the custom in the House for the Rules Committee to provide a
special rule for the consideration of appropriations bills which may
place limits on amendments to be considered on the House floor.
Once both the House and the Senate have passed an appropria-
tions bill, the two Houses must work out their differences. This
is accomplished in a conference committee. Only such items as are
in disagreement between the two Houses are considered to be in
the scope of the conference. In recent years, the chairmanship of
the conference has alternated between the two Houses.
Conferees are appointed from the membership of the committee.
The conference may be concluded in one session, but frequently
28
several meetings are required before full agreement on all dif-
ferences is reached. There is no rule as to the number of conferees.
There have been generally between seven and nine conferees rep-
resenting the Senate on appropriations bills, although in earlier
years the number was typically smaller. Since action in conferences
is decided on a unit basis, with one vote for each House, the num-
ber of conferees has no weight in the determination.
After full agreement has been reached in conference, the results
are presented to the House of Representatives. Once agreed upon
there, the measure is sent to the Senate. Approval by both Houses
on the conference agreements concludes congressional action on the
bill.
The bill is then messaged to the President for his approval or
disapproval. Once the President signs the bill, it becomes a public
law.
The third phase of the budget cycle, known as budget execu-
tion, begins once an appropriation act becomes law. Before funds
provided in statutes are available to agencies for obligation, they
must be apportioned by OMB. The apportionment process is a
way of ensuring that agencies do not obligate funds in excess of
levels provided in law. Apportionments control the rate at which
budget authority is made available either by time period, by pro-
gram or by activity. Typically, agency funding is apportioned by
quarter—although not necessarily evenly divided—so that an
agency can obligate only up to the amount available in the first
quarter. At the beginning of the second quarter, additional budget
authority becomes available as well as any amounts in the first
quarter that were not obligated, and so on for the third and fourth
quarters. OMB is responsible for reviewing and approving appor-
tionment requests and making funds available to departments and
agencies. Agencies are required to set up internal control systems
that establish accountability for funds as they are allocated to sub-
ordinate entities and to periodically monitor obligations to ensure
that they are made for authorized purposes and recorded properly.
Under the Anti-Deficiency Act, an officer or employee of an
agency who obligates/expends in excess or advance of an appropria-
tion, accepts voluntary services, or obligates/expends in excess of
an apportionment or administrative subdivision as specified by
regulation shall be subject to appropriate administrative discipline.
In addition, an officer or employee who ‘‘knowingly and willfully’’
violates any of the three provisions of the Anti-Deficiency Act
cited above ‘‘shall be fined not more than $5,000, imprisoned for
not more than 2 years, or both.’’ Once it is determined that there
has been a violation of the Anti-Deficiency Act, the agency head
‘‘shall report immediately to the President and Congress all rel-
29
evant facts and a statement of actions taken.’’ A copy of each re-
port must also be transmitted to the Government Accountability
Office. A compilation of these reports is available on GAO’s
website at http://www.gao.gov/legal/antideficiency.html.
Occasionally, spending adjustments may be needed during the
year; however they often require additional reporting and approval
by OMB or the Congress. Spending adjustments after enactment
of an appropriation may be made in several ways: First, while an
agency may not transfer funds between two accounts unless specifi-
cally authorized by law (31 U.S.C. § 1532), heads of departments
or agencies are sometimes given authority in the appropriations act
to transfer amounts at their discretion, usually up to a certain per-
centage, or subject to other limitations or restrictions. Second,
agencies have inherent authority to reprogram funds from one pur-
pose to another within the same appropriation account; however,
reprogrammings above an established threshold usually require 15
days notification to the cognizant appropriations subcommittees.
Third, departments may impound funds, that is, withhold funds
from obligation. Impoundments include both deferrals—the tem-
porary withdrawal of budget authority within a fiscal year—and
rescissions—a permanent cancellation of budget authority. The Im-
poundment Control Act requires that all executive branch im-
poundments be reported to Congress in a special message from the
President. Deferrals are effective when proposed and, generally
speaking, the President may continue to withhold funds through-
out the fiscal year unless Congress passes legislation disapproving
the deferral. A deferral may not extend beyond the end of the fis-
cal year of fund availability. If the funds are multi-year, the defer-
ral can be reproposed in the next fiscal year. Funds proposed for
rescission may be withheld for 45 days of continuous congressional
session. If Congress has not approved the rescission, by law, during
this 45-day period, the President must release the funds. The Gov-
ernment Accountability Office is responsible for overseeing the
President’s compliance with the Impoundment Control Act and is
also responsible for monitoring the status of impounded funds.
Finally, a department may request supplemental funding, which
must be approved by OMB before submitting the request to Con-
gress for its consideration. For the most part, departments and
agencies are expected to manage their funds within available re-
sources with only limited monitoring by OMB and Congress dur-
ing this phase of the budget process.

30
 Chairmen of the Senate Committee on
Appropriations
Name State Service as Chairman
Lot M. Morrill (R) .................. Maine ...................... Mar. 7, 1867–Mar. 4, 1869.
William Pitt Fessenden (R) .... Maine ...................... Mar. 4, 1869–Sep. 9, 1869.1
Lot M. Morrill (R) .................. Maine ...................... Dec. 8, 1869–Mar. 4, 1871.
Cornelius Cole (R) .................. California ................. Mar. 10, 1871–Mar. 4, 1873.
Lot M. Morrill (R) .................. Maine ...................... Mar. 12, 1873–July 7, 1876.2
William Windom (R) ............ Minnesota ................ Dec. 6, 1876–Mar. 4, 1879.
Henry G. Davis (D) ................ West Virginia .......... Mar. 19, 1879–Mar. 4, 1881.
William B. Allison (R) ........... Iowa ......................... Mar. 18, 1881–Mar. 4, 1893.
Francis M. Cockrell (D) .......... Missouri ................... Mar. 15, 1893–Dec. 31, 1895.
William B. Allison (R) ........... Iowa ......................... Jan. 1, 1896–Aug. 4, 1908.2
Eugene Hale (R) ..................... Maine ...................... Mar. 22, 1909–Mar. 3, 1911.
Francis E. Warren (R) ............ Wyoming ................ Apr. 28, 1911–Mar. 15, 1913.
Thomas S. Martin (D) ............ Virginia ................... Mar. 15, 1913–May 27, 1919.
Francis E. Warren (R) ............ Wyoming ................ May 28, 1919–Nov. 24, 1929.1
Wesley L. Jones (R) ................ Washington ............. Jan. 11, 1930–Nov. 30, 1932.1
Frederick Hale (R) .................. Maine ...................... Dec. 8, 1932–Mar. 8, 1933.
Carter Glass (D) ...................... Virginia ................... Mar. 9, 1933–May 28, 1946.1
Kenneth McKellar (D) ............ Tennessee ................. May 31, 1946–Jan. 6, 1947.
Styles Bridges (R) ................... New Hampshire ...... Jan. 6, 1947–Jan. 10, 1949.
Kenneth McKellar (D) ............ Tennessee ................. Jan. 10, 1949–Jan. 3, 1953.
Styles Bridges (R) ................... New Hampshire ...... Jan. 13, 1953–Jan. 11, 1955.
Carl Hayden (D) ..................... Arizona .................... Jan. 11, 1955–Jan. 3, 1969.
Richard B. Russell (D) ........... Georgia .................... Jan. 14, 1969–Jan. 21, 1971.1
Allen J. Ellender (D) .............. Louisiana .................. Jan. 28, 1971–July 27, 1972.1
John L. McClellan (D) ............ Arkansas .................. Aug. 2, 1972–Nov. 28, 1977.1
Warren G. Magnuson (D) ...... Washington ............. Jan. 27, 1978–Jan. 3, 1981.
Mark O. Hatfield (R) ............. Oregon .................... Jan. 5, 1981–Jan. 6, 1987.
John C. Stennis (D) ................ Mississippi ............... Jan. 6, 1987–Jan. 3, 1989.
Robert C. Byrd (D) ................ West Virginia .......... Jan. 19, 1989–Jan. 4, 1995.
Mark O. Hatfield (R) ............. Oregon .................... Jan. 4, 1995–Jan. 7, 1997.
Ted Stevens (R) ...................... Alaska ...................... Jan. 7, 1997–Jan. 3, 2001.3
Robert C. Byrd (D) ................ West Virginia .......... Jan. 3, 2001–Jan. 20, 2001.3

31
 Name State Service as Chairman
Ted Stevens (R) ...................... Alaska ...................... Jan. 20, 2001–June 6, 2001.
Robert C. Byrd (D) ................ West Virginia .......... June 6, 2001–Jan. 15, 2003.
Ted Stevens (R) ...................... Alaska ...................... Jan. 15, 2003–Jan. 6, 2005.
Thad Cochran (R) ................... Mississippi ............... Jan. 6, 2005–Jan. 12, 2007.
Robert C. Byrd (D) ................ West Virginia .......... Jan. 12, 2007–.
1 Died in office.
2 Resigned from Senate.
3 At the beginning of the 107th Congress, in January 2001, the Senate was evenly divided. With
a Democratic President and Vice President still serving until January 20, the Democratic Vice Presi-
dent was available to break a tie, and the Democrats thus controlled the Senate for 17 days, from
January 3 to January 20. On January 3, the Senate adopted S. Res. 7 designating Democratic Sen-
ators as committee chairmen to serve during this period and Republican chairmen to serve effective
at noon on January 20, 2001.

32
Biographies of Committee Chairmen

33
LOT M. MORRILL
of Maine
34
 LOT M. MORRILL
The first chairman of the Senate Committee on Appropriations
was Lot M. Morrill.
Born in Belgrade, ME in 1813, Morrill attended Waterville
(now Colby) College, studied law, and moved to Augusta in 1841.
He became Governor in 1858 after serving in the State senate and
was elected as a Republican to the U.S. Senate in 1860 to fill a
vacancy. On March 7, 1867, he was appointed chairman of the
Appropriations Committee and served until March 3, 1869, when
he left the Senate to resume his law practice. That fall, after the
death of William Pitt Fessenden of Maine, the second chairman
of the Appropriations Committee, Morrill was appointed to the
Senate to fill the vacancy. Once again, he was appointed to the
committee and again was made chairman—contrary to the present
practice under which seniority on the committee determines the
chairmanship. He held the post from December 8, 1869, to March
4, 1871, when he left the committee but not the Senate. Morrill
returned to the committee on December 6, 1872, and once more
became chairman on March 12, 1873, after Cornelius Cole, the
third chairman, retired. He remained in the position until July 7,
1876, when he resigned to become Secretary of the Treasury. From
1877 until his death in 1883, Morrill served as collector of cus-
toms in Portland, ME.
His brother, Abson P. Morrill, also from Maine, was a member
of the U.S. House of Representatives.
For further reading: Malone, Dumas, ed. Dictionary of American Biography.
1935. Reprint. New York, 1946. Vol. 13.
Garraty, John A. and Mark C. Carnes, eds. American National Biography. New
York, 1999. Vol. 15.

35
WILLIAM PITT FESSENDEN
of Maine
36
 WILLIAM PITT FESSENDEN
William Pitt Fessenden, a Republican of Maine, succeeded Lot
Morrill as chairman, although he had not previously served on the
committee. He occupied that position only from March 16, 1869,
until he died on September 9, 1869.
Born in Boscawen, NH, in 1806, Fessenden graduated from
Bowdoin College in 1827, then studied law and practiced in var-
ious cities in Maine. After serving in the State house of representa-
tives, he was elected to Congress as a Whig in 1841. Declining
to become a candidate for reelection, he returned to the State
house of representatives for several years before being elected as a
Whig to the U.S. Senate, where he served from 1854 to 1864. He
then resigned to become Secretary of the Treasury in the Cabinet
of President Lincoln. In 1865 he was again elected to the Senate,
this time as a Republican, and remained there until his death. He
had the unusual distinction of serving in the Senate at the same
time that his two brothers, also from Maine, were Members of the
House of Representatives.
For further reading: Jellison, Charles. Fessenden of Maine: Civil War Senator.
Syracuse, NY, 1962.
Johnson, Allen, and Dumas Malone, eds. Dictionary of American Biography.
1935. Reprint. New York, 1946. Vol. 6.
Garraty, John A. and Mark C. Carnes, eds. American National Biography. New
York, 1999. Vol. 7.

37
CORNELIUS COLE
of California
38
 CORNELIUS COLE
Cornelius Cole, a Republican from California who had served on
the committee for 4 years, became chairman on March 10, 1871,
holding the position until his retirement from the Senate 2 years
later.
Born at Lodi, NY, in 1822, Cole attended Hobart College, and
graduated from Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, in 1847.
After studying and practicing law in Cayuga County, he went to
California in 1849. There he worked a year in the gold mines,
practiced law in San Francisco, and later moved to Sacramento and
Santa Cruz. During the Civil War, he rose to the rank of captain
in the Union Army. He was elected as a Union Republican to
Congress in 1863 and to the Senate as a Republican 4 years later,
serving from 1867 to 1873, when he retired and returned to Cali-
fornia to practice law. He died in Hollywood in 1924.
For further reading: Cole, Cornelius, II. Senator Cornelius Cole and the Beginning
of Hollywood. Los Angeles, 1980.
Cole, Cornelius. Memoirs of Cornelius Cole. NY, 1908.

39
WILLIAM WINDOM
of Minnesota
40
 WILLIAM WINDOM
William Windom, a Republican of Minnesota, who served on
the committee for the decade from 1871 to 1881, became chair-
man on December 6, 1876, and occupied the position until March
4, 1879.
Born in Belmont County, OH, in 1827, Windom was educated
there. As a young lawyer, he moved to Winona, MN, in 1855.
Four years later, 1859, he was elected to the U.S. House of Rep-
resentatives, where he served until 1869, when he was appointed
to fill a Senate vacancy. Elected to the Senate in 1871, he served
until March 4, 1881, then resigned to become Secretary of the
Treasury under President James A. Garfield. After Garfield’s death
later that year, he again ran successfully for the Senate to fill the
vacancy caused by his own resignation and served out his term
until 1883, when he failed to be reelected. He then moved to
New York City. In 1889, President Benjamin Harrison appointed
Windom Secretary of the Treasury, and he remained in that post
until his death in 1891.
For further reading: Malone, Dumas, ed. Dictionary of American Biography.
1935. Reprint. New York, 1946. Vol. 20.
Salisbury, Robert S. William Windom, Apostle of Positive Government. Lanham,
MD, 1993.
Garraty, John A. and Mark C. Carnes, eds. American National Biography. New
York, 1999. Vol. 23.

41
HENRY GASSAWAY DAVIS
of West Virginia
42
 HENRY GASSAWAY DAVIS
Henry Gassaway Davis, a Democrat of West Virginia, became
chairman on March 19, 1879, and served in that position until
March 4, 1881. The first Democratic chairman of Appropriations,
he remained on the committee from 1873 until his retirement in
1883.
Born in Woodstock, MD, in 1823, Davis worked successively
as a farmer, railroader, and businessman, then became a banker,
railroad builder, and mining executive in West Virginia. After
serving as both delegate and senator in the West Virginia Legisla-
ture, he was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1871. He served in the
U.S. Senate until 1883, when he declined to be a candidate for
reelection. He then resumed his banking and railroad career. In
1904 he ran for Vice President on the unsuccessful Democratic
ticket headed by Alton B. Parker. He died in 1916. Davis was
the father-in-law of Stephen B. Elkins, a Senator from West Vir-
ginia; the grandfather of Davis Elkins, also a Senator from West
Virginia; and the brother of Thomas Davis, a Representative from
West Virginia.
For further reading: Johnson, Allen, and Dumas Malone, eds. Dictionary of
American Biography. 1935. Reprint. New York, 1946. Vol. 5.
Ross, Thomas Richard. Henry Gassaway Davis: An Old-Fashioned Biography.
Parsons, WV, 1994.
Garraty, John A. and Mark C. Carnes, eds. American National Biography. New
York, 1999. Vol. 6.

43
WILLIAM B. ALLISON
of Iowa
44
 WILLIAM B. ALLISON
William B. Allison, a Republican of Iowa, was chairman of the
committee twice, from March 18, 1881, until March 4, 1893, and
again from January 1, 1896, until his death on August 4, 1908.
This combined record of more than 24 years exceeds that of any
other Senate committee chairman. Allison served on the committee
for all of his 35 years in the Senate.
Born in Perry Township, Wayne (now Ashland) County, OH,
in 1829, Allison attended Allegheny College, Meadville, PA, and
graduated from Western Reserve College at Hudson (now Cleve-
land), OH. Admitted to the bar in 1852, he practiced law in Iowa
until 1861, when he accepted a commission as lieutenant colonel
in the Union Army. In 1863 he was elected to the U.S. House
of Representatives for four terms. After practicing law in Dubuque
for a short period, he was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1872, serv-
ing from March 4, 1873, until his death in 1908.
For further reading: Johnson, Allen, ed. Dictionary of American Biography.
1935. Reprint. New York: 1946. Vol. 1.
Sage, Leland. William Boyd Allison: A Study in Practical Politics. Iowa City,
IA, 1956.
Garraty, John A. and Mark C. Carnes, eds. American National Biography. New
York, 1999. Vol. 1.

45
FRANCIS MARION COCKRELL
of Missouri
46
 FRANCIS MARION COCKRELL
Francis Marion Cockrell, a Democrat from Missouri, became
chairman on March 15, 1893, and served until December 31,
1895. He was on the committee for 24 years, from 1881 to 1905.
Born in Johnson County, MO, in 1834, Cockrell graduated
from Chapel Hill College in Lafayette County, MO, in 1853, then
studied and practiced law until he volunteered for the Confederate
Army. Rising to the rank of brigadier general, Cockrell was cap-
tured at Fort Blakeley, AL, and after being paroled in 1865, re-
turned to the practice of law. He served 30 years in the U.S. Sen-
ate, from March 4, 1875, to March 3, 1905. A member of the
Interstate Commerce Commission from 1905 to 1910, Cockrell, in
1911, became a U.S. commissioner to reestablish the boundary line
between Texas and New Mexico. He died in 1915.
For further reading: Johnson, Allen, ed. Dictionary of American Biography.
1935. Reprint. New York, 1946. Vol. 4.
Cockrell, Francis. The Senator from Missouri: The Life and Times of Francis Mar-
ion Cockrell. New York, 1962.
Garraty, John A. and Mark C. Carnes, eds. American National Biography. New
York, 1999. Vol. 5.

47
EUGENE HALE
of Maine
48
 EUGENE HALE
Eugene Hale, a Republican of Maine, became chairman on
March 22, 1909, and served until March 4, 1911. He was on the
committee for all of his 30 years in the Senate, from 1881 to
1911.
Born in Turner, ME, in 1836, Hale was admitted to the bar
in 1857. After three terms in the State house of representatives,
he won election to the U.S. House of Representatives, where he
served from 1869 to 1879. Defeated for a sixth House term, Hale
ran successfully for the U.S. Senate in 1880 and served from
March 4, 1881, to March 3, 1911. After retiring from the Senate,
he became a member of the National Monetary Commission. He
died in 1918. Eugene Hale was the father of Frederick Hale, also
a Senator from Maine and chairman of the committee.
For further reading: Johnson, Allen, and Dumas Malone, eds. Dictionary of
American Biography. 1935. Reprint. New York, 1946. Vol. 8.
Garraty, John A. and Mark C. Carnes, eds. American National Biography. New
York, 1999. Vol. 9.

49
FRANCIS E. WARREN
of Wyoming
50
 FRANCIS E. WARREN
Francis E. Warren, a Republican of Wyoming, served twice as
chairman, from April 28, 1911, to March 15, 1913, and again
from May 28, 1919, until his death on November 24, 1929. He
remained a committee member for 30 years, from 1899 to 1929.
Born in Hinsdale, MA, in 1844, Warren, who enlisted as a pri-
vate in the Civil War, won the Congressional Medal of Honor for
gallantry on the battlefield at the siege of Port Hudson. He is the
only recipient of that award to serve as chairman of the committee.
Warren moved to Wyoming (then a part of the Territory of Da-
kota) in 1868, where he engaged in various business enterprises
in Cheyenne. From 1873 to 1890, he held a number of elective
and appointive positions, including membership in the Territorial
senate, of which he became president. Twice appointed Governor
of the Territory of Wyoming, Warren was elected in 1890 as the
new State’s first Governor. He resigned that same year after being
elected to the U.S. Senate, where he served until 1893. He again
won election to the Senate in 1895 and served until his death 34
years later. Funeral services were held for Warren in the Senate
chamber.
For further reading: Malone, Dumas, ed. Dictionary of American Biography.
1935. Reprint. New York, 1946. Vol. 19.
Schulp, Leonard. ‘‘A Taft Republican: Senator Francis E. Warren and Na-
tional Politics.’’ Annals of Wyoming 54 (Fall 1982).

51
THOMAS S. MARTIN
of Virginia
52
 THOMAS S. MARTIN
Thomas S. Martin, a Democrat from Virginia, became chairman
on March 15, 1913, and held the position until May 27, 1919.
He was a committee member from 1910 to 1919.
Born in Scottsville, VA, in 1847, Martin attended the Virginia
Military Institute at Lexington and the University of Virginia.
While he was enrolled in the Virginia Military Institute, he served
the Confederacy with a battalion of cadets. Admitted to the bar
in 1869, Martin practiced law until his election to the U.S. Senate
in 1893, where he remained until his death on November 12,
1919. Before becoming chairman of the Appropriations Com-
mittee, Martin served as chairman of the Committee on Corpora-
tions Organized in the District of Columbia and the Committee
on Public Health and National Quarantine. He chaired the Demo-
cratic Caucus, 1911–13 and 1917–19.
For further reading: Holt, Wythe W., Jr. ‘‘The Senator from Virginia and
the Democratic Floor Leadership: Thomas S. Martin and Conservatism in the
Progressive Era.’’ Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 83 (January 1975).
Malone, Dumas, ed. Dictionary of American Biography. 1935. Reprint. New
York, 1946. Vol. 12.

53
WESLEY L. JONES
of Washington
54
 WESLEY L. JONES
Wesley L. Jones, a Republican from Washington, became chair-
man on January 11, 1930, serving in the post until he died on
November 19, 1932. He was a committee member for 19 years,
until 1932.
Born in Bethany, IL, in 1863, Jones taught school, and grad-
uated from Southern Illinois College in 1885. Admitted to the bar
the following year, Jones moved to North Yakima, WA, in 1889,
where he continued the practice of law. After spending a decade
in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1899 to 1909, Jones
won election to the U.S. Senate in 1908.
For further reading: Garraty, John A. and Mark C. Carnes, eds. American Na-
tional Biography. New York, 1999. Vol. 12.

55
FREDERICK HALE
of Maine
56
 FREDERICK HALE
Frederick Hale, a Republican of Maine, served as chairman from
December 8, 1932, to March 8, 1933, and remained on the com-
mittee for nearly 22 years, from May 1919 to January 1941.
Born in Detroit, MI, in 1874, Hale graduated from Harvard
University, and attended Columbia Law School. He began the
practice of law in Portland, ME, in 1899, and served briefly in
the State house of representatives. Elected to the U.S. Senate in
1916, he served for more than 23 years, from March 4, 1917, to
January 2, 1941, when he retired. Hale and his father, Eugene
Hale, were the only father-son pair to both chair the Senate Com-
mittee on Appropriations. Hale was also the fourth Maine Senator
to serve as chairman of the committee, no other State having pro-
duced more than two chairmen.
For further reading: Garraty, John A. Dictionary of American Biography. Sup-
plement 7. New York, 1981.

57
CARTER GLASS
of Virginia
58
 CARTER GLASS
Carter Glass, a Democrat of Virginia, became chairman on
March 9, 1933, and served for 13 years until he died on May 28,
1946. He was a member of the committee for 26 years, from 1920
until his death.
Born in Lynchburg, VA, in 1858, Glass attended public and
private schools, then went to work in a printing office, rising to
become editor and owner of two newspapers. Glass served in the
State senate from 1899 to 1903 before winning election to the
U.S. House of Representatives, where he remained from 1902 to
1918. He then resigned to become Secretary of the Treasury, serv-
ing until 1920, when he was appointed to the U.S. Senate to fill
a vacancy. Glass spent the rest of his life in the Senate. Before
chairing the Appropriations Committee, Glass served as chairman
of the Committee on Expenditures in the Interior Department.
During the 77th and 78th Congresses, Glass also served as Senate
President pro tempore.
For further reading: Garraty, John A. and Edward T. James, eds. Dictionary
of American Biography. Supplement 4, 1974.
Garraty, John A. and Mark C. Carnes, eds. American National Biography. New
York, 1999. Vol. 9.

59
KENNETH D. McKELLAR
of Tennessee
60
 KENNETH D. McKELLAR
Kenneth D. McKellar, a Democrat from Tennessee, served twice
as chairman, from May 31, 1946, to January 6, 1947, and again
from January 10, 1949, to January 3, 1953. He was a committee
member for almost 30 years, from December 1923 to January
1953.
Born in Richmond, AL, in 1869, McKeller graduated from the
University of Alabama in 1891. Receiving a law degree the fol-
lowing year, he moved to Memphis, TN, and commenced the
practice of law. Elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, he
served there from 1911 to 1917, when he was elected to the U.S.
Senate. He remained in the Senate for 36 years, from 1917 to
1953. Before chairing the Appropriations Committee, McKellar
served as chairman of the Committee on Civil Service and Re-
trenchment and the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads.
During the 79th, 81st, and 82d Congresses, McKellar served as
Senate President pro tempore. He died in 1957.
For further reading: Garraty, John A. Dictionary of American Biography. Sup-
plement 6. New York, 1980.

61
STYLES BRIDGES
of New Hampshire
62
 STYLES BRIDGES
Styles Bridges, a Republican of New Hampshire, served as
chairman of the committee on two different occasions, first from
January 6, 1947, to January 10, 1949, and again from January 13,
1953, to January 11, 1955. He was a committee member for his
entire 24 years in the Senate, from 1937 until he died on Novem-
ber 26, 1961.
Born in West Pembroke, ME, in 1898, Bridges graduated from
the University of Maine in 1918. After a career as teacher, editor,
and banker, he became Governor of New Hampshire in 1934. He
was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1936 and, in the course of his
Senate service, Bridges also chaired the Joint Committee on For-
eign Economic Cooperation, the Joint Committee on Inaugural Ar-
rangements, and the Republican Policy Committee. During the
83d Congress, Bridges was Senate President pro tempore.
For further reading: Garraty, John A., ed. Dictionary of American Biography.
Supplement 7. New York, 1981.
Kiepper, James. Styles Bridges: Yankee Senator. Sugar Hill, NH, 2001.
Garraty, John A. and Mark C. Carnes, eds. American National Biography. New
York, 1999. Vol. 3.

63
CARL HAYDEN
of Arizona
64
 CARL T. HAYDEN
Carl T. Hayden, Democrat of Arizona, was chairman of the
committee for 14 years, from January 11, 1955, until January 3,
1969. He became a committee member on December 13, 1927,
and remained on the committee during all of his almost 42 years
in the Senate.
Born at Hayden’s Ferry (now Tempe), AZ, in 1877, Hayden
graduated from the Normal School of Arizona in 1896 and from
Stanford University in 1900. After engaging in the flour-milling
business, he was elected treasurer of Maricopa County in 1904 and
became sheriff in 1907. With Arizona’s admission as a State in
1912, Hayden won election to the U.S. House of Representatives,
serving until 1927. In 1926 he was elected to the U.S. Senate,
where he remained until January 3, 1969. In the course of his Sen-
ate service, Hayden also chaired a number of other committees, in-
cluding the Committee on Rules and Administration, the Joint
Committee on Printing, and the Joint Committee on Inaugural
Arrangements. During every Congress from the 85th through the
90th, Hayden served as President pro tempore of the Senate. His
combined service of nearly 57 years in both the House and Senate
is the longest congressional service in history. Hayden died in
1972.
For further reading: Jackson, Kenneth T., Karen E. Markoe and Arnold
Markoe, eds. Dictionary of American Biography. Supplement 9. New York, 1994.
Rice, Ross R. Carl Hayden: Builder of the American West. Lanham, MD, 1994.
August, Jack. Vision in the Desert. Fort Worth, TX, 1999.

65
RICHARD B. RUSSELL
of Georgia
66
 RICHARD B. RUSSELL
A Democrat from Georgia, Richard B. Russell was elected
chairman of the committee on January 14, 1969, and served in the
post until he died on January 21, 1971. He was a member of the
Appropriations Committee for all of his 38 years in the Senate.
Born in Winder, Barrow County, GA, on November 2, 1897,
Russell attended the public schools of Georgia and graduated from
the Seventh District Agricultural and Mechanical School, Powder
Springs, GA, in 1914; from Gordon Institute, Barnesville, GA, in
1915; and from the law department of the University of Georgia
at Athens in 1918. Russell then practiced law, served for 10 years
in the State house of representatives, and won election as Gov-
ernor. On January 12, 1933, he was elected to the U.S. Senate to
fill a vacancy and served until his death. During the 91st and 92d
Congresses, he served as President pro tempore of the Senate. Rus-
sell chaired the Senate Armed Services Committee for 16 years
from 1951 to 1969, except for the period 1953–55. He gave up
that position to take the Appropriations chairmanship.
For further reading: Fite, Gilbert C. Richard B. Russell, Jr., Senator from Geor-
gia. Chapel Hill, NC, 1991.
Goldsmith, John A. Colleagues: Richard B. Russell and His Apprentice, Lyndon
B. Johnson. Washington, DC, 1993.

67
ALLEN J. ELLENDER
of Louisiana
68
 ALLEN J. ELLENDER
Allen J. Ellender, a Democrat from Louisiana, became chairman
of the committee on January 28, 1971, and served until he died
on July 27, 1972. He was a committee member for 23 years, from
1949 to 1972.
Born on September 24, 1890, in Montegut, Terrebonne Parish,
LA, Ellender attended public and private schools, graduated from
St. Aloysius College, New Orleans, in 1909 and from the law de-
partment of Tulane University in 1913, then practiced law in
Houma, LA. After a dozen years in the State house of representa-
tives, Ellender in 1936 won election to the U.S. Senate and served
there for 35 years until his death. Before chairing the Appropria-
tions Committee, Ellender served as chairman of the Committee
on Claims and the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. He
also served as President pro tempore of the Senate during the 92d
Congress.
For further reading: Becnel, Thomas A. Senator Allen Ellender of Louisiana: A
Biography. Baton Rouge, LA, 1996.
Jackson, Kenneth T., Karen E. Markoe, and Arnold Markoe, eds. Dictionary
of American Biography. Supplement 9. New York, 1994.

69
JOHN L. McCLELLAN
of Arkansas
70
 JOHN L. McCLELLAN
John L. McClellan, a Democrat from Arkansas, who had been
on the committee for 28 years, became chairman on August 2,
1972, and served until he died on November 28, 1977.
Born in Sheridan, Grant County, AR, on February 25, 1896,
McClellan studied law and gained admission to the bar in 1913
at the age of 17. He then practiced law, served in the U.S. Army
during World War I, and became prosecuting attorney of the sev-
enth judicial district of Arkansas from 1927–30. Elected to the
U.S. House of Representatives in 1934, he served until 1939, then
resumed the practice of law until winning election to the Senate
in 1942. He remained there for 34 years until his death. McClel-
lan chaired the Senate Government Operations Committee for 18
years before becoming Appropriations chairman.
For further reading: U.S. Congress. Memorial Services Held in the Senate and
House of Representatives of the United States Together with Remarks Presented in Eulogy
of John L. McClellan, Late a Senator from Arkansas. 95th Cong., 1st sess., Wash-
ington, DC, 1978.
Garraty, John A. and Mark C. Carnes, eds. American National Biography. New
York, 1999. Vol. 14.

71
WARREN G. MAGNUSON
of Washington
72
 WARREN G. MAGNUSON
Warren G. Magnuson, a Democrat from Washington, became
chairman on January 27, 1978, and served until January 3, 1981.
He was a member of the committee for 28 years from 1953 until
1981.
Born in Moorhead, Clay County, MN, on April 12, 1905, Mag-
nuson attended the public schools, the University of North Dakota
at Grand Forks, and North Dakota State College. He graduated
from the University of Washington in 1926 and from the law
school in 1929. After gaining admission to the bar that same year,
he practiced law in Seattle, WA. During the 1930’s, Magnuson
served as prosecuting attorney for King County, WA, as U.S. dis-
trict attorney, and as a member of the State house of representa-
tives. He served in the U.S. Navy during World War II, attaining
the rank of lieutenant commander. From 1937 to 1944, he was
a member of the U.S. House of Representatives and was then ap-
pointed to the U.S. Senate to fill a vacancy. Winning election to
the seat, he remained in the Senate for 37 years until 1981. For
more than 20 years, from 1955 to 1978, Magnuson chaired the
committee that was variously known as Interstate and Foreign
Commerce; Commerce; and Commerce, Science and Transpor-
tation, before becoming chairman of the Appropriations Com-
mittee. From 1979 to 1981, Magnuson was President pro tempore
of the Senate. He died on May 20, 1989.
For further reading: Scates, Shelby. Warren G. Magnuson and the Shaping of
Twentieth Century America. Seattle, WA, 1997.
Garraty, John A. and Mark C. Carnes, eds. American National Biography. New
York, 1999. Vol. 14.

73
MARK O. HATFIELD
of Oregon
74
 MARK O. HATFIELD
Mark O. Hatfield, a Republican from Oregon, served as chair-
man from 1981 to 1987 and again from 1995 to 1997. He was
a member of the committee for nearly 25 years from February
1972 to January 1997.
Born on July 12, 1922, in Dallas, OR, Hatfield graduated from
Willamette University in 1943 and received an A.M. degree from
Stanford University in 1948. During World War II, he served in
the U.S. Navy in the Pacific as a lieutenant (jg.). From 1949 to
1956, Hatfield taught political science at Willamette University,
where he also served as dean of students. A member of the State
house of representatives and later the State senate, Hatfield became
Secretary of State in 1956. He served as Governor of Oregon from
1958 to 1966, then won election to the U.S. Senate, where he
served for 30 years until his retirement in 1997.
For further reading: Eels, Robert, and Bartell Nyberg. Lonely Walk: The Life
of Senator Mark Hatfield. Chappaqua, NY, 1979.
Hatfield, Mark O. Against the Grain: Reflections of a Rebel Republican. Ashland,
OR, 2000.

75
JOHN C. STENNIS
of Mississippi
76
 JOHN C. STENNIS
John C. Stennis, Democrat from Mississippi, served as chairman
from 1987 to 1989. He was a member of the committee for 34
years from 1955 to 1989.
Born in Kemper County, MS, on August 3, 1901, Stennis grad-
uated from Mississippi State University in 1923 and received his
law degree from the University of Virginia Law School in 1928.
That same year, he gained admission to the bar and won election
to the State house of representatives. From 1932 to 1937, he
served as district prosecuting attorney and then for 10 years, from
1937 to 1947, as circuit judge. In 1947 Stennis won election to
the U.S. Senate to fill a vacancy and served for the next 41 years
until his retirement in 1989. He chaired the Armed Services Com-
mittee for 11 years, from 1969 to 1980, and was President pro
tempore of the Senate from 1987 to 1989. After his retirement
from the Senate, Stennis moved to the Mississippi State University
campus in Starkville, which also is the home of the John C. Sten-
nis Institute of Government and the Stennis Center for Public
Service. He died April 23, 1995.
For further reading: Downs, Michael Scott. ‘‘Advice and Consent: John Sten-
nis and the Vietnam War, 1954–1973.’’ Journal of Mississippi History 55 (May
1993).
Garraty, John A. and Mark C. Carnes, eds. American National Biography. New
York, 1999. Vol. 20.

77
TED STEVENS
of Alaska

78
 THEODORE F. (TED) STEVENS
Ted Stevens, a Republican from Alaska, President Pro-Tempore
Emeritus (January 2007 to present) served as Chairman from Janu-
ary 7, 1997 to January 3, 2001, from January 20, 2001 to June
6, 2001 1 and from January 15, 2003 to January 6, 2005. He has
served as either Chairman or Ranking Member of the Defense Sub-
committee since 1981. He has been a member of the Appropria-
tions Committee since 1972.
Born in Indianapolis, IN, on November 18, 1923, Stevens at-
tended Oregon State College and Montana State College. He inter-
rupted his college career to serve in the U.S. Army Air Corps dur-
ing WWII where he flew with the Flying Tigers in the China-
Burma Theater. After the war he graduated from the University
of California, Los Angeles, in 1947. He then graduated from Har-
vard Law School in 1950 and was admitted to the bar the same
year. He practiced law in Fairbanks, Alaska and became U.S. At-
torney in Fairbanks. He served as assistant to the Secretary of the
Interior in Washington, DC in 1958 and was promoted to Solic-
itor of the Department of the Interior in 1960. He returned to
Alaska in 1961 and was elected to the Alaska House of Represent-
atives in 1964, and reelected in 1966. He was chosen to serve as
the speaker pro tempore and majority leader of that body. He was
appointed as a Republican to the United States Senate, December
24, 1968, and subsequently elected on November 3, 1970 and re-
elected to six more terms. He served as the Senate Republican
Whip (1977 to 1985) and as Chairman of the Republican Senato-
rial Campaign Committee (1974–1977). He served as Chairman of
the Commerce, Science and Transportation Committee (January 3,
2005 to January 3, 2007) and presently serves as Vice Chairman
of that committee. He has also served on the Post Office and Civil
Service Committee (1969–1977) which become part of the Gov-
ernmental Affairs Committee (1977–2003) which became the
Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs
(2004-present), of which he has served as chairman (1995–1996).
He also served on the Committee on Rules and Administration
(1971–1972 and 1985 to present), of which he was the ranking
member from 1987 to 1994. He has also served on the Energy
and Natural Resources Committee (1979–1981), and on the fol-
79
lowing select committees: Small Business (1989 to 1993), Ethics
(1983–1985 and 1993), and Intelligence (1993–1994).
1 At the beginning of the 107th Congress, in January 2001, the Senate was
evenly divided. With a Democratic President and Vice President still serving
until January 20, the Democratic Vice President was available to break a tie,
and the Democrats thus controlled the Senate for 17 days, from January 3 to
January 20. On January 3, the Senate adopted S. Res. 7 designating Democratic
Senators as committee chairmen to serve during this period and Republican
chairmen to serve effective at noon on January 20, 2001.

80
THAD COCHRAN
of Mississippi

82
 THAD COCHRAN
Thad Cochran, Republican Senator from Mississippi, currently
serves as the ranking Republican on the Senate Appropriations
Committee. From 2005 to 2007 he served as the 36th chairman
of the committee. He has been a member of the Senate Appropria-
tions Committee since 1981.
Born in Pontotoc, Pontotoc County, Mississippi, December 7,
1937; he was educated in the public schools of Mississippi, and
graduated with a B.A. degree from the University of Mississippi
in 1959. He served as an officer in the United States Navy 1959–
1961. He studied international law and jurisprudence at Trinity
College, University of Dublin, Ireland 1963–1964; and obtained
a Juris Doctor degree from the University of Mississippi School of
Law in 1965. He was admitted to the Mississippi bar in 1965 and
practiced in Jackson with the firm of Watkins & Eager for 7 years.
He was elected to the Ninety-third Congress in 1972; re-elected
to the Ninety-fourth and Ninety-fifth Congress. In 1978 he was
elected to the United States Senate; re-elected in 1984, 1990,
1996, and 2002. Senator Cochran has served as Secretary of the
Senate Republican Conference (1985–1991); chaired the Senate Re-
publican Conference (1991–1997); chaired the Committee on Ag-
riculture, Nutrition, and Forestry (2003–2004); and is a member
of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution and Board
of Visitors of the U.S. Naval Academy.

83
ROBERT C. BYRD
of West Virginia

84
 ROBERT C. BYRD (Chairman)
Robert C. Byrd, a Democrat from West Virginia, has served on
the Appropriations Committee longer than any other Senator in
history. He joined the committee in 1959, the year he began his
Senate career, and has remained on the committee for all of his
years in the Senate. In 1989, he became the 29th chairman of the
Appropriations Committee, serving until 1995. On January 3,
2001, he became the 32d chairman of the committee, serving
until January 20, 2001,1 and on June 6, 2001, he became the
34th chairman of the committee, serving until January 15, 2003 2.
On January 12, 2007, he became the 37th chairman of the com-
mittee, and the first Senator to chair the committee four different
times. He is the second Senator from West Virginia to serve as
chairman of the Senate Appropriations Committee.3
Born in North Wilkesboro, NC, on November 20, 1917, Byrd
attended West Virginia public schools and Beckley College, Con-
cord College, Morris Harvey College, and Marshall College, all in
West Virginia. He graduated from American University Law
School, cum laude, in 1963. After serving in the West Virginia
House of Delegates from 1946 to 1950 and in the West Virginia
Senate from 1950 to 1952, Byrd, in 1952, won election to the
U.S. House of Representatives, where he remained until his elec-
tion to the U.S. Senate in 1958. In the Senate, he has held a series
of leadership positions, including secretary of the Democratic Con-
ference from 1967 to 1971 and majority whip from 1971 to 1977.
In 1977, Byrd became Senate Democratic leader, a post he held
for 12 years. He served as majority leader from 1977 to 1981 and
again from 1987 to 1989 and also served as minority leader from
1981 to 1987. He has served as President pro tempore of the Sen-
ate from 1989 to 1995, January 3 to January 20, 2001 4, from
June 2001 to January 2003 and from January 4, 2007 to the
present. From January 2003 until January 2007, Senator Byrd
served as President pro tempore emeritus of the Senate. He has
now served in more leadership positions in the U.S. Senate than
any other Senator in history. On June 11, 2006, Senator Byrd had
the distinction of becoming the longest serving U.S. Senator in the
history of the Republic.
Senator Byrd is the author of five books: The Senate, 1789–1989.
4 volumes. Vols. 1 and 2, Addresses on the History of the United
85
States Senate; Vol. 3, Classic Speeches, 1830–1993; Vol. 4, Histor-
ical Statistics, 1789–1992. Washington: U.S. Government Print-
ing Office, 1994; The Senate of the Roman Republic: Addresses on the
History of Roman Constitutionalism. Washington: U.S. Government
Printing Office, 1994; Losing America: Confronting A Reckless and
Arrogant Presidency. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2004;
Robert C. Byrd: Child of the Appalachian Coalfields. Morgantown:
West Virginia University Press, 2005; and co-author with Steve
Kettmann, Letter to a New President. New York: St. Martin’s Press/
Thomas Dunne Books, 2008.
1 At the beginning of the 107th Congress, in January 2001, the Senate was
evenly divided. With a Democratic President and Vice President still serving
until January 20, the Democratic Vice President was available to break a tie,
and the Democrats thus controlled the Senate for 17 days, from January 3 to
January 20. On January 3, the Senate adopted S. Res. 7 designating Democratic
Senators as committee chairmen to serve during this period and Republican
chairmen to serve effective at noon on January 20, 2001.
2 On May 24, 2001, Senator James Jeffords of Vermont announced his switch
from Republican to Independent status, effective June 6, 2001. Jeffords an-
nounced that he would caucus with the Democrats, changing control of the Sen-
ate from the Republicans to the Democrats.
3 The first was Henry Gassaway Davis, who served as chairman from 1879
to 1881.
4 Democrats controlled the Senate from January 3 to January 20, 2001, due
to the potential tie-breaking vote of Vice President Gore; Senator Byrd served
during that period. Republicans regained controlled of the Senate starting Janu-
ary 20, 2001, due to the potential tie-breaking vote of Vice President Cheney;
at that point, Senator Thurmond again became President pro tempore. Both
were elected with a single resolution on January 3, 2001.
For further reading: Byrd, Robert C. The Senate, 1789–1989: Addresses on the
History of the United States Senate. Vol. 2, Washington, DC, 1991. Chapters 25–
28.

86
 Membership of the Committee
(BY CONGRESS AND SESSION)
(For party affiliations, see sections: ‘‘Members of the Committee by State and
Term of Service,’’ and ‘‘Alphabetical Listings of Members of the Committee.’’;
dashes indicated vacancy)
FORTIETH CONGRESS
First session—March 4, 1867–December 2, 1867
Second session—December 2, 1867–November 10, 1868
Lot M. Morrill, chairman James Guthrie
James W. Grimes
Timothy O. Howe
Henry Wilson
Cornelius Cole
Roscoe Conkling
Third session—December 7, 1868–March 3, 1869
Lot M. Morrill, chairman Charles R. Buckalew
James W. Grimes
Timothy O. Howe
Henry Wilson
Cornelius Cole
Roscoe Conkling
FORTY-FIRST CONGRESS
First session—March 4, 1869–April 10, 1869
Special session—April 12, 1869–April 22, 1869
William Pitt Fessenden, 1 chairman John P. Stockton
James W. Grimes
Henry Wilson
Cornelius Cole
William Sprague
Frederick A. Sawyer
1 Deceased September 8, 1869.

Second session—December 6, 1869–July 15, 1870

Lot M. Morrill, chairman John P. Stockton
Henry Wilson
Cornelius Cole
William Sprague
Frederick A. Sawyer
John Pool

87
 Third session—December 5, 1870–March 3, 1871
Lot M. Morrill, chairman John P. Stockton
Cornelius Cole
George Edmunds
William Sprague
Frederick A. Sawyer
John Pool
FORTY-SECOND CONGRESS
First session—March 4, 1871–April 20, 1871
Special session—May 10, 1871–May 27, 1871
Second session—December 4, 1871–June 10, 1872
Cornelius Cole, chairman John W. Stevenson
William Sprague
Frederick A. Sawyer
George F. Edmunds
William Windom
J. Rodman West
Third session—December 2, 1872–March 3, 1873
Cornelius Cole, chairman John W. Stevenson
William Sprague
Frederick A. Sawyer
Lot M. Morrill
William Windom
J. Rodman West
FORTY-THIRD CONGRESS
Special session—March 4, 1873–March 26, 1873
Lot M. Morrill, chairman John W. Stevenson
William Sprague Henry G. Davis
William Windom
J. Rodman West
Adelbert Ames
Aaron A. Sargent
William B. Allison
First session—December 1, 1873–June 23, 1874
Lot M. Morrill, chairman John W. Stevenson
William Sprague Henry G. Davis
William Windom
J. Rodman West
Adelbert Ames 1
Aaron A. Sargent
William B. Allison
Stephen W. Dorsey 2
1 Resigned from Senate January 10, 1874.
2 Appointed February 13, 1874.

88
 Second session—December 7, 1874–March 3, 1875
Lot M. Morrill, chairman John W. Stevenson
William Sprague Henry G. Davis
William Windom
J. Rodman West
Aaron A. Sargent
William B. Allison
Stephen W. Dorsey
FORTY-FOURTH CONGRESS
Special session—March 5, 1875–March 24, 1875
Lot M. Morrill, chairman Henry G. Davis
William Windom William W. Eaton 1
J. Rodman West William A. Wallace
Aaron A. Sargent Robert E. Withers 2
William B. Allison
Stephen W. Dorsey
1 Excused March 19, 1875.
2 Appointed March 19, 1875.

First session—December 6, 1875–August 15, 1876

Lot M. Morrill, chairman 1 Henry G. Davis
William Windom Robert E. Withers
J. Rodman West William A. Wallace
Aaron A. Sargent
William B. Allison
Stephen W. Dorsey
1 Resigned from Senate July 7, 1876.

Second session—December 4, 1876–March 3, 1877

William Windom, chairman 1 Henry G. Davis
J. Rodman West Robert E. Withers
Aaron A. Sargent William A. Wallace
William B. Allison
Stephen W. Dorsey
James G. Blaine
1 Appointed December 6, 1876.

FORTY-FIFTH CONGRESS
Special session—March 5, 1877–March 17, 1877
First session—October 15, 1877–December 3, 1877
Second session—December 3, 1877–June 20, 1878
William Windom, chairman Henry G. Davis
Aaron A. Sargent Robert E. Withers
William B. Allison W.W. Eaton
Stephen W. Dorsey James B. Beck
James G. Blaine

89
 Third session—December 2, 1878–March 3, 1879
William Windom, chairman Henry G. Davis
Aaron A. Sargent Robert E. Withers
William B. Allison William W. Eaton 1
Stephen W. Dorsey James B. Beck
James G. Blaine William A. Wallace 2
1 Excused December 5, 1878.
2 Appointed December 5, 1878.

FORTY-SIXTH CONGRESS
First session—March 18, 1879–July 1, 1879
Second session—December 1, 1879–June 16, 1880
Third session—December 6, 1880–March 3, 1881
Henry G. Davis, chairman William Windom
Robert E. Withers William B. Allison
James B. Beck James G. Blaine
William A. Wallace Newton Booth
William W. Eaton
FORTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS
Special session—March 4, 1881–May 20, 1881
Special session (2)—October 10, 1881–October 29, 1881
First session—December 5, 1881–August 8, 1882
Second session—December 4, 1882–March 3, 1883
William B. Allison, chairman Henry G. Davis
James G. Blaine 1 James B. Beck
John A. Logan Matt W. Ransom
Henry L. Dawes Francis M. Cockrell
Preston B. Plumb
Eugene Hale
1 Resigned from Senate March 5, 1881.

FORTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS
First session—December 3, 1883–July 7, 1884
Second session—December 4, 1884–November 3, 1885
William B. Allison, chairman James B. Beck
John A. Logan Matt W. Ransom
Henry L. Dawes Francis M. Cockrell
Preston B. Plumb Wilkinson Call
Eugene Hale
FORTY-NINTH CONGRESS
Special session—March 4, 1885–April 2, 1885
William B. Allison, chairman James B. Beck
Henry L. Dawes Francis M. Cockrell
Preston B. Plumb Wilkinson Call
Eugene Hale Arthur P. Gorman
William Mahone

90
 First session—December 7, 1885–August 5, 1886
William B. Allison, chairman James B. Beck
Henry L. Dawes Francis M. Cockrell
Preston B. Plumb Wilkinson Call
Eugene Hale Arthur P. Gorman
William Mahone
John A. Logan 1
1 Appointed December 14, 1885.

Second session—December 6, 1886–March 3, 1887

William B. Allison, chairman James B. Beck
Henry L. Dawes Francis M. Cockrell
Preston B. Plumb Wilkinson Call
Eugene Hale Arthur P. Gorman
William Mahone
John A. Logan 1
1 Deceased December 26, 1886.

FIFTIETH CONGRESS
First session—December 5, 1887–October 20, 1888
Second session—December 3, 1888–March 3, 1889
William B. Allison, chairman James B. Beck
Henry L. Dawes Francis M. Cockrell
Preston B. Plumb Wilkinson Call
Eugene Hale Arthur P. Gorman
Charles B. Farwell
FIFTY-FIRST CONGRESS
Special session—March 4, 1889–April 2, 1889
William B. Allison, chairman James B. Beck
Henry L. Dawes Francis M. Cockrell
Preston B. Plumb Wilkinson Call
Eugene Hale Arthur P. Gorman
Charles B. Farwell
First session—December 2, 1889–October 1, 1890
William B. Allison, chairman James B. Beck 1
Henry L. Dawes Francis M. Cockrell
Preston B. Plumb Wilkinson Call
Eugene Hale Arthur P. Gorman
Charles B. Farwell Joseph C.S. Blackburn 2
1 Deceased May 3, 1890.
2 Appointed May 27, 1890.

Second session—December 1, 1890–March 3, 1891

William B. Allison, chairman Francis M. Cockrell
Henry L. Dawes Wilkinson Call
Preston B. Plumb Arthur P. Gorman
Eugene Hale Joseph C.S. Blackburn
Charles B. Farwell

91
 FIFTY-SECOND CONGRESS
First session—December 7, 1891–August 5, 1892
William B. Allison, chairman Francis M. Cockrell
Henry L. Dawes Wilkinson Call
Preston B. Plumb 1 Arthur P. Gorman
Eugene Hale Joseph C.S. Blackburn
Shelby M. Cullom
William M. Stewart
1 Deceased December 20, 1891.

Second session—December 5, 1892–March 3, 1893

William B. Allison, chairman Francis M. Cockrell
Henry L. Dawes Wilkinson Call
Eugene Hale Arthur P. Gorman
Shelby M. Cullom Joseph C.S. Blackburn
William M. Stewart
FIFTY-THIRD CONGRESS
Special session—March 4, 1893–April 14, 1893
First session—August 7, 1893–November 3, 1893
Second session—December 4, 1893–August 28, 1894
Third session—December 3, 1894–March 3, 1895
Francis M. Cockrell William B. Allison
Wilkinson Call Eugene Hale
Arthur P. Gorman Shelby M. Cullom
Joseph C.S. Blackburn Henry M. Teller
Calvin S. Brice
FIFTY-FOURTH CONGRESS
First session—December 2, 1895–June 11, 1896
Second session—December 7, 1896–March 3, 1897
William B. Allison, chairman Francis M. Cockrell
Eugene Hale Wilkinson Call
Shelby M. Cullom Arthur P. Gorman
Henry M. Teller Joseph C.S. Blackburn
Matthew S. Quay Calvin S. Brice
Richard F. Pettigrew Charles J. Faulkner
George C. Perkins
FIFTY-FIFTH CONGRESS
Special session—March 4, 1897–March 10, 1897
William B. Allison, chairman Francis M. Cockrell
Eugene Hale Arthur P. Gorman
Shelby M. Cullom Charles J. Faulkner
Henry M. Teller
Matthew S. Quay
Richard F. Pettigrew
George C. Perkins

92
 First session—March 15, 1897–July 24, 1897
Second session—December 6, 1897–July 8, 1898
Third session—December 5, 1898–March 3, 1899
William B. Allison, chairman Francis M. Cockrell
Eugene Hale Arthur P. Gorman
Shelby M. Cullom HENRY M. TELLER
Matthew S. Quay Charles J. Faulkner
George C. Perkins Richard F. Pettigrew
William J. Sewell James H. Berry
Edward Murphy, Jr.
FIFTY-SIXTH CONGRESS
First session—December 4, 1899–June 7, 1900
Second session—December 3, 1900–March 3, 1901
William B. Allison, chairman Francis M. Cockrell
Eugene Hale HENRY M. TELLER
Shelby M. Cullom Richard F. Pettigrew
George C. Perkins James H. Berry
William J. Sewell Benjamin R. Tillman
Francis E. Warren
George P. Wetmore
Thomas H. Carter
FIFTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS
Special session—March 4, 1901–March 9, 1901
William B. Allison, chairman Francis M. Cockrell
Eugene Hale Henry M. Teller
Shelby M. Cullom James H. Berry
George C. Perkins Benjamin R. Tillman
William J. Sewell
Francis E. Warren
George P. Wetmore
First session—December 2, 1901–July 1, 1902
William B. Allison, chairman Francis M. Cockrell
Eugene Hale Henry M. Teller
Shelby M. Cullom James H. Berry
George C. Perkins Benjamin R. Tillman
William J. Sewell 1 John W. Daniel
Francis E. Warren
George P. Wetmore
Matthew S. Quay
James McMillan 2
1 Deceased December 27, 1901.
2 Appointed February 7, 1902; deceased August 10, 1902.

93
 Second session—December 1, 1902–March 3, 1903
William B. Allison, chairman Francis M. Cockrell
Eugene Hale Henry M. Teller
Shelby M. Cullom James H. Berry
George C. Perkins Benjamin R. Tillman
Francis E. Warren John W. Daniel
George P. Wetmore
Matthew S. Quay
FIFTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS
Special session—March 5, 1903–March 19, 1903
William B. Allison, chairman Francis M. Cockrell
Eugene Hale Henry M. Teller
Shelby M. Cullom James H. Berry
George C. Perkins Benjamin R. Tillman
Francis E. Warren John W. Daniel
George P. Wetmore
Matthew S. Quay
First session—November 9, 1903–December 7, 1903
William B. Allison, chairman Francis M. Cockrell
Eugene Hale Henry M. Teller
Shelby M. Cullom James H. Berry
George C. Perkins Benjamin R. Tillman
Francis E. Warren John W. Daniel
George P. Wetmore
Matthew S. Quay
Jacob H. Gallinger
Second session—December 7, 1903–April 28, 1904
William B. Allison, chairman Francis M. Cockrell
Eugene Hale Henry M. Teller
Shelby M. Cullom James H. Berry
George C. Perkins Benjamin R. Tillman
Francis E. Warren John W. Daniel
George P. Wetmore
Matthew S. Quay 1
Jacob H. Gallinger
1 Deceased May 28, 1904.

Third session—December 5, 1904–March 3, 1905

William B. Allison, chairman Francis M. Cockrell
Eugene Hale Henry M. Teller
Shelby M. Cullom James H. Berry
George C. Perkins Benjamin R. Tillman
Francis E. Warren John W. Daniel
George P. Wetmore
Jacob H. Gallinger
Stephen B. Elkins

94
 FIFTY-NINTH CONGRESS
Special session—March 14–18, 1905
William B. Allison, chairman Henry M. Teller
Eugene Hale James H. Berry
Shelby M. Cullom Benjamin R. Tillman
George C. Perkins John W. Daniel
Francis E. Warren
George P. Wetmore
Jacob H. Gallinger
Stephen B. Elkins
First session—December 4, 1905–June 30, 1906
William B. Allison, chairman Henry M. Teller
Eugene Hale James H. Berry
Shelby M. Cullom Benjamin R. Tillman
George C. Perkins John W. Daniel
Francis E. Warren Arthur P. Gorman 1
George P. Wetmore Alexander S. Clay 2
Jacob H. Gallinger
Stephen B. Elkins
1 Deceased June 4, 1906.
2 Appointed June 21, 1906.

Second session—December 3, 1906–March 3, 1907

William B. Allison, chairman Henry M. Teller
Eugene Hale James H. Berry
Shelby M. Cullom Benjamin R. Tillman
George C. Perkins John W. Daniel
Francis E. Warren Alexander S. Clay
George P. Wetmore
Jacob H. Gallinger
Stephen B. Elkins
SIXTIETH CONGRESS
First session—December 2, 1907–May 30, 1908
William B. Allison, chairman 1 Henry M. Teller
Eugene Hale Benjamin R. Tillman
Shelby M. Cullom John W. Daniel
George C. Perkins Alexander S. Clay
Francis E. Warren Murphy J. Foster
Jacob H. Gallinger
Stephen B. Elkins
Redfield Proctor 2
James A. Hemenway
1 Deceased August 4, 1908.
2 Deceased March 4, 1908.

95
 Second session—December 7, 1908–March 3, 1909
——— ——— Henry M. Teller
Eugene Hale 1 Benjamin R. Tillman
Shelby M. Cullom John W. Daniel
George C. Perkins Alexander S. Clay
Francis E. Warren Murphy J. Foster
Jacob H. Gallinger
Stephen B. Elkins
James A. Hemenway
——— ———
Note: Dash line indicates vacancy.
1 Acting chairman.

SIXTY-FIRST CONGRESS
Special session—March 4–6, 1909
Eugene Hale, chairman Benjamin R. Tillman
Shelby M. Cullom John W. Daniel
George C. Perkins Alexander S. Clay
Francis E. Warren Murphy J. Foster
Jacob H. Gallinger
Stephen B. Elkins
First session—March 15, 1909–August 5, 1909
Eugene Hale, chairman Benjamin R. Tillman
George C. Perkins John W. Daniel
Francis E. Warren Alexander S. Clay
Jacob H. Gallinger Murphy J. Foster
Stephen B. Elkins Charles A. Culberson
John Kean
Elmer J. Burkett
Charles Curtis
Second session—December 6, 1909–June 25, 1910
Eugene Hale, chairman Benjamin R. Tillman
George C. Perkins John W. Daniel 1
Francis E. Warren Alexander S. Clay 2
Jacob H. Gallinger Murphy J. Foster
Stephen B. Elkins Charles A. Culberson
John Kean
Elmer J. Burkett
Charles Curtis
1 Deceased June 29, 1910.
2 Deceased November 13, 1910.

96
 Third session—December 5, 1910–March 3, 1911
Eugene Hale, chairman Benjamin R. Tillman
George C. Perkins Murphy J. Foster
Francis E. Warren Charles A. Culberson
Jacob H. Gallinger Thomas S. Martin 2
Stephen B. Elkins 1 Lee S. Overman 2
John Kean
Elmer J. Burkett
Charles Curtis
1 Deceased January 4, 1911.
2 Appointed December 8, 1910.

SIXTY-SECOND CONGRESS
First session—April 4, 1911–August 22, 1911
Francis E. Warren, chairman Benjamin R. Tillman
George C. Perkins Murphy J. Foster
Jacob H. Gallinger Charles A. Culberson
Charles Curtis Thomas S. Martin
Robert J. Gamble Lee S. Overman
Reed Smoot Robert L. Owen
George S. Nixon John Walter Smith
Joseph M. Dixon
Jonathan Bourne, Jr.
George P. Wetmore
Second session—December 4, 1911–August 26, 1912
Francis E. Warren, chairman Benjamin R. Tillman
George C. Perkins Murphy J. Foster
Jacob H. Gallinger Charles A. Culberson
Charles Curtis Thomas S. Martin
Robert J. Gamble Lee S. Overman
Reed Smoot Robert L. Owen
George S. Nixon 1 John Walter Smith
Joseph M. Dixon
Jonathan Bourne, Jr.
George P. Wetmore
George T. Oliver 2
1 Deceased June 5, 1912.
2 Appointed August 8, 1912.

Third session—December 2, 1912–March 3, 1913

Francis E. Warren, chairman Benjamin R. Tillman
George C. Perkins Murphy J. Foster
Jacob H. Gallinger Charles A. Culberson
Charles Curtis Thomas S. Martin
Robert J. Gamble Lee S. Overman
Reed Smoot Robert L. Owen
Joseph M. Dixon John Walter Smith
Jonathan Bourne, Jr.
George P. Wetmore
George T. Oliver

97
 SIXTY-THIRD CONGRESS
Special session—March 4, 1913–March 17, 1913
First session—April 7, 1913–December 1, 1913
Second session—December 1, 1913–October 24, 1914
Third session—December 7, 1914–March 3, 1915
Thomas S. Martin, chairman Francis E. Warren
Lee S. Overman George C. Perkins
Robert L. Owen Jacob H. Gallinger
John Walter Smith Reed Smoot
George E. Chamberlain George T. Oliver
Luke Lea William P. Dillingham
Nathan P. Bryan Wesley L. Jones
John F. Shafroth
Benjamin R. Tillman
Charles A. Culberson
SIXTY-FOURTH CONGRESS
First session—December 6, 1915–September 8, 1916
Second session—December 4, 1916–March 3, 1917
Thomas S. Martin, chairman Francis E. Warren
Lee S. Overman Jacob H. Gallinger
Robert L. Owen Reed Smoot
John Walter Smith George T. Oliver
George E. Chamberlain William P. Dillingham
Luke Lea Wesley L. Jones
Nathan P. Bryan Charles E. Townsend
John F. Shafroth Charles Curtis
Benjamin R. Tillman
Charles A. Culberson
Oscar W. Underwood
Joseph T. Robinson
SIXTY-FIFTH CONGRESS
Special session—March 5–16, 1917
First session, April 2, 1917–October 6, 1917
Thomas S. Martin, chairman Francis E. Warren
Lee S. Overman Jacob H. Gallinger
Robert L. Owen Reed Smoot
John Walter Smith William P. Dillingham
George E. Chamberlain Wesley L. Jones
John F. Shafroth Charles Curtis
Benjamin R. Tillman William S. Kenyon
Charles A. Culberson Lawrence Y. Sherman
Oscar W. Underwood
Joseph T. Robinson
Marcus A. Smith
Thomas W. Hardwick

98
 Second session—December 3, 1917–November 21, 1918
Thomas S. Martin, chairman Francis E. Warren
Lee S. Overman Jacob H. Gallinger 4
Robert L. Owen Reed Smoot
John Walter Smith William P. Dillingham 5
George E. Chamberlain Wesley L. Jones
John F. Shafroth Charles Curtis
Benjamin R. Tillman 1 William S. Kenyon
Charles A. Culberson Lawrence Y. Sherman
Oscar W. Underwood John W. Weeks 6
Joseph T. Robinson 2 William M. Calder 6
Marcus A. Smith
Thomas W. Hardwick
Christie Benet 3
1 Deceased July 3, 1918.
2 Resigned from committee September 9, 1918.
3 Appointed July 11, 1918. Left Senate November 5, 1918.
4 Deceased August 17, 1918.
5 Resigned from committee September 3, 1918.
6 Appointed September 3, 1918.

Third session—December 2, 1918–March 3, 1919

Thomas S. Martin, chairman Francis E. Warren
Lee S. Overman Reed Smoot
Robert L. Owen Wesley L. Jones
John Walter Smith Charles Curtis
George E. Chamberlain William S. Kenyon
John F. Shafroth Lawrence Y. Sherman
Charles A. Culberson John W. Weeks
Oscar W. Underwood William M. Calder
Marcus A. Smith
Thomas W. Hardwick
William P. Pollock 1
Edward J. Gay 1
1 Appointed December 3, 1918.

SIXTY-SIXTH CONGRESS
First session—May 19, 1919–November 19, 1919
Francis E. Warren, chairman Thomas S. Martin 1
Reed Smoot Lee S. Overman
Wesley L. Jones Robert L. Owen
Charles Curtis John Walter Smith
William S. Kenyon Charles A. Culberson
Lawrence Y. Sherman Oscar W. Underwood
Alse J. Gronna Marcus A. Smith
Frederick Hale Edward J. Gay
Selden P. Spencer William J. Harris
Lawrence C. Phipps
Truman M. Newberry
1 Deceased November 12, 1919.

99
 Second session—December 1, 1919–June 3, 1920
Francis E. Warren, chairman Lee S. Overman
Reed Smoot Robert L. Owen
Wesley L. Jones John Walter Smith
Charles Curtis Charles A. Culberson
William S. Kenyon Oscar W. Underwood 1
Lawrence Y. Sherman Marcus A. Smith
Alse J. Gronna Edward J. Gay
Frederick Hale William J. Harris
Selden P. Spencer Carter Glass 2
Lawrence C. Phipps Andrieus A. Jones 3
Truman M. Newberry
1 Resigned from committee June 4, 1920.
2 Appointed February 14, 1920.
3 Appointed June 4, 1920.

Third session—December 6, 1920–March 3, 1921

Francis E. Warren, chairman Lee S. Overman
Reed Smoot Robert L. Owen
Wesley L. Jones John Walter Smith
Charles Curtis Charles A. Culberson
William S. Kenyon Marcus A. Smith
Lawrence Y. Sherman Edward J. Gay
Alse J. Gronna William J. Harris
Frederick Hale Carter Glass
Selden P. Spencer Andrieus A. Jones
Lawrence C. Phipps
Truman M. Newberry
SIXTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS
Special session—March 4–15, 1921
Francis E. Warren, chairman Lee S. Overman
Reed Smoot Robert L. Owen
Wesley L. Jones Charles A. Culberson
Charles Curtis William J. Harris
William S. Kenyon Carter Glass
Frederick Hale Andrieus A. Jones
Selden P. Spencer
Lawrence C. Phipps
Truman M. Newberry
First session—April 11, 1921–November 23, 1921
Francis E. Warren, chairman Lee S. Overman
Reed Smoot Robert L. Owen
Wesley L. Jones Charles A. Culberson
Charles Curtis William J. Harris
William S. Kenyon Carter Glass
Frederick Hale Andrieus A. Jones
Selden P. Spencer
Lawrence C. Phipps
Truman M. Newberry
William B. McKinley

100
 Second session—December 5, 1921–September 22, 1922
Francis E. Warren, chairman Lee S. Overman
Reed Smoot Robert L. Owen
Wesley L. Jones Charles A. Culberson
Charles Curtis William J. Harris
William S. Kenyon 1 Carter Glass
Frederick Hale Andrieus A. Jones
Selden P. Spencer
Lawrence C. Phipps
Truman M. Newberry 2
William B. McKinley
Irvine L. Lenroot 3
1 Resigned February 24, 1922.
2 Resigned November 18, 1922.
3 Appointed March 21, 1922.

Third session—November 20, 1922–December 4, 1922

Francis E. Warren, chairman Lee S. Overman
Reed Smoot Robert L. Owen
Wesley L. Jones Charles A. Culberson
Charles Curtis William J. Harris
Frederick Hale Carter Glass
Selden P. Spencer Andrieus A. Jones
Lawrence C. Phipps
William B. McKinley
Irvine L. Lenroot
Fourth session—December 4, 1922–March 3, 1923
Francis E. Warren, chairman Lee S. Overman
Reed Smoot Robert L. Owen
Wesley L. Jones Charles A. Culberson
Charles Curtis William J. Harris
Frederick Hale Carter Glass
Selden P. Spencer Andrieus A. Jones
Lawrence C. Phipps
William B. McKinley
Irvine L. Lenroot
Henry W. Keyes 1
1 Appointed December 5, 1922.

SIXTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS
First session—December 3, 1923–June 7, 1924
Second session—December 1, 1924–March 3, 1925
Francis E. Warren, chairman Lee S. Overman
Reed Smoot William J. Harris
Wesley L. Jones Carter Glass
Charles Curtis Andrieus A. Jones
Frederick Hale Kenneth McKellar
Selden P. Spencer Edwin S. Broussard
Lawrence C. Phipps Thomas F. Bayard, Jr.
William B. McKinley Matthew M. Neely
Irvine L. Lenroot
Henry W. Keyes

101
 SIXTY-NINTH CONGRESS
Special session—March 4, 1925–March 17, 1925
Francis E. Warren, chairman Lee S. Overman
Reed Smoot William J. Harris
Wesley L. Jones Carter Glass
Charles Curtis Andrieus A. Jones
Frederick Hale Kenneth McKellar
Selden P. Spencer 1 Edwin S. Broussard
Lawrence C. Phipps Thomas F. Bayard, Jr.
William B. McKinley John B. Kendrick
Irvine L. Lenroot
Henry W. Keyes
1 Deceased May 16, 1925.

First session—December 7, 1925–July 3, 1926; November 10, 1926

Francis E. Warren, chairman Lee S. Overman
Reed Smoot William J. Harris
Wesley L. Jones Carter Glass
Charles Curtis Andrieus A. Jones
Frederick Hale Kenneth McKellar
Lawrence C. Phipps Edwin S. Broussard
William B. McKinley Thomas F. Bayard, Jr.
Irvine L. Lenroot John B. Kendrick
Henry W. Keyes
Ralph H. Cameron 1
1 Appointed December 15, 1925.

Second session—December 6, 1926–March 3, 1927

Francis E. Warren, chairman Lee S. Overman
Reed Smoot William J. Harris
Wesley L. Jones Carter Glass
Charles Curtis Andrieus A. Jones
Frederick Hale Kenneth McKellar
Lawrence C. Phipps Edwin S. Broussard
William B. McKinley 1 Thomas F. Bayard, Jr.
Irvine L. Lenroot John B. Kendrick
Henry W. Keyes
Ralph H. Cameron
Hiram Bingham 2
1 Deceased December 7, 1926.
2 Appointed December 14, 1926.

102
 SEVENTIETH CONGRESS
First session—December 5, 1927–May 29, 1928
Francis E. Warren, chairman Lee S. Overman
Reed Smoot William J. Harris
Wesley L. Jones Carter Glass
Charles Curtis Andrieus A. Jones 1
Frederick Hale Kenneth McKellar
Lawrence C. Phipps Edwin S. Broussard
Henry W. Keyes John B. Kendrick
Hiram Bingham Royal S. Copeland
Tasker L. Oddie Carl T. Hayden
Gerald P. Nye Sam G. Bratton 2
1 Deceased December 20, 1927.
2 Appointed January 5, 1928.

Second session—December 3, 1928–March 3, 1929

Francis E. Warren, chairman Lee S. Overman
Reed Smoot William J. Harris
Wesley L. Jones Carter Glass
Charles Curtis 1 Kenneth McKellar
Frederick Hale Edwin S. Broussard
Lawrence C. Phipps John B. Kendrick
Henry W. Keyes Royal S. Copeland
Hiram Bingham Carl T. Hayden
Tasker L. Oddie Sam G. Bratton
Gerald P. Nye
1 Resigned March 3, 1929.

SEVENTY-FIRST CONGRESS
Special session (1)—March 4, 1929–March 5, 1929
(Membership of the existing committee of the 70th Congress was not altered.)
First session—April 15, 1929–November 22, 1929
Francis E. Warren, chairman 1 Lee S. Overman
Reed Smoot William J. Harris
Wesley L. Jones Carter Glass
Frederick Hale Kenneth McKellar
Lawrence C. Phipps Edwin S. Broussard
Henry W. Keyes John B. Kendrick
Hiram Bingham Royal S. Copeland
Tasker L. Oddie Carl T. Hayden
Gerald P. Nye Sam G. Bratton
W.B. Pine
Otis F. Glenn
1 Deceased November 24, 1929.

103
 Second session—December 2, 1929–July 3, 1930
Special session (2)—July 7, 1930–July 21, 1930
Wesley L. Jones, chairman 1 Lee S. Overman
Reed Smoot William J. Harris
Frederick Hale Carter Glass
Lawrence C. Phipps Kenneth McKellar
Henry W. Keyes Edwin S. Broussard
Hiram Bingham John B. Kendrick
Tasker L. Oddie Royal S. Copeland
Gerald P. Nye Carl T. Hayden
W.B. Pine Sam G. Bratton
Otis F. Glenn
Frederick Steiwer 2
1 Elected chairman January 11, 1930.
2 Elected January 11, 1930.

Third session—December 1, 1930–March 3, 1931

Wesley L. Jones, chairman Lee S. Overman 1
Reed Smoot William J. Harris
Frederick Hale Carter Glass
Lawrence C. Phipps Kenneth McKellar
Henry W. Keyes Edwin S. Broussard
Hiram Bingham John B. Kendrick
Tasker L. Oddie Royal S. Copeland
Gerald P. Nye Carl T. Hayden
W.B. Pine Sam G. Bratton
Otis F. Glenn Cameron A. Morrison 2
Frederick Steiwer
1 Deceased December 12, 1930.
2 Appointed January 6, 1931.

SEVENTY-SECOND CONGRESS
First session—December 7, 1931–July 16, 1932
Wesley L. Jones, chairman 1 William J. Harris 2
Reed Smoot Carter Glass
Frederick Hale Kenneth McKellar
Henry W. Keyes Edwin S. Broussard
Hiram Bingham John B. Kendrick
Tasker L. Oddie Royal S. Copeland
Gerald P. Nye Carl T. Hayden
Frederick Steiwer Sam G. Bratton
Peter Norbeck Cameron A. Morrison 3
Porter H. Dale Elmer Thomas
James J. Davis James F. Byrnes
L.J. Dickinson John S. Cohen 4
1 Deceased November 19, 1932.
2 Deceased April 18, 1932.
3 Left Senate December 4, 1932.
4 Appointed April 28, 1932.

104
 Second session—December 5, 1932–March 3, 1933
Frederick Hale, chairman 1 Carter Glass
Reed Smoot Kenneth McKellar
Henry W. Keyes Edwin S. Broussard
Hiram Bingham John B. Kendrick
Tasker L. Oddie Royal S. Copeland
Gerald P. Nye Carl T. Hayden
Frederick Steiwer Sam G. Bratton
Peter Norbeck Elmer Thomas
Porter H. Dale James F. Byrnes
James J. Davis John S. Cohen 3
L.J. Dickinson Millard E. Tydings 4
Elijah S. Grammer 2 Richard B. Russell, Jr. 5
1 Appointed chairman December 8, 1932.
2 Appointed December 8, 1932.
3 Served until January 11, 1933.
4 Appointed December 6, 1932.
5 Appointed January 12, 1933.

SEVENTY-THIRD CONGRESS
Special session—March 4, 1933–March 6, 1933
(Membership of the existing committee of the 72d Congress was not altered.)
First session—March 9, 1933–June 15, 1933
Carter Glass, chairman Frederick Hale
Kenneth McKellar Henry W. Keyes
John B. Kendrick 1 Gerald P. Nye
Royal S. Copeland Frederick Steiwer
Carl T. Hayden Peter Norbeck
Sam G. Bratton 2 Porter H. Dale 3
Elmer Thomas L.J. Dickinson
James F. Byrnes John G. Townsend, Jr.
Millard E. Tydings Robert D. Carey
Richard B. Russell, Jr.
Marcus A. Coolidge
Alva B. Adams
Patrick A. McCarran
John H. Overton
1 Deceased November 3, 1933.
2 Resigned from the Senate June 24, 1933.
3 Deceased october 6, 1933.

105
 Second session—January 3, 1934–June 18, 1934
Carter Glass, chairman Frederick Hale
Kenneth McKellar Henry W. Keyes
Royal S. Copeland Gerald P. Nye
Carl T. Hayden Frederick Steiwer
Elmer Thomas Peter Norbeck
James F. Byrnes L.J. Dickinson
Millard E. Tydings John G. Townsend, Jr.
Richard B. Russell, Jr. Robert D. Carey
Marcus A. Coolidge Roscoe C. Patterson 2
Alva B. Adams
Patrick A. McCarran
John H. Overton
John H. Bankhead II 1
Joseph C. O’Mahoney 1
1 Appointed January 4, 1934.
2 Appointed January 17, 1934.

SEVENTY-FOURTH CONGRESS
First session—January 3, 1935–August 26, 1935
Second session—January 3, 1936–June 20, 1936
Carter Glass, chairman Frederick Hale
Kenneth McKellar Henry W. Keyes
Royal S. Copeland Gerald P. Nye
Carl T. Hayden Frederick Steiwer
Elmer Thomas Peter Norbeck
James F. Byrnes L J. Dickinson
Millard E. Tydings John G. Townsend, Jr.
Richard B. Russell, Jr. Robert D. Carey
Marcus A. Coolidge
Alva B. Adams
Patrick A. McCarran
John H. Overton
John H. Bankhead II
Joseph C. O’Mahoney
William Gibbs McAdoo
Harry S. Truman

106
 SEVENTY-FIFTH CONGRESS
First session—January 5, 1937–August 21, 1937
Carter Glass, chairman Frederick Hale
Kenneth McKellar Gerald P. Nye
Royal S. Copeland Frederick Steiwer
Carl T. Hayden John G. Townsend, Jr.
Elmer Thomas Styles Bridges 1
James F. Byrnes
Millard E. Tydings
Richard B. Russell, Jr.
Alva B. Adams
Patrick A. McCarran
John H. Overton
John H. Bankhead II
Joseph C. O’Mahoney
William Gibbs McAdoo
Harry S. Truman
F. Ryan Duffy 1
Edward R. Burke 1
Herbert E. Hitchcock 1
Theodore F. Green 1
1 Elected January 8, 1937.

Second session—November 15, 1937–December 21, 1937

Carter Glass, chairman Frederick Hale
Kenneth McKellar Gerald P. Nye
Royal S. Copeland Frederick Steiwer
Carl T. Hayden John G. Townsend, Jr.
Elmer Thomas Styles Bridges
James F. Byrnes
Millard E. Tydings
Richard B. Russell, Jr.
Alva B. Adams
Patrick A. McCarran
John H. Overton
John H. Bankhead II
Joseph C. O’Mahoney
William Gibbs McAdoo
Harry S. Truman
F. Ryan Duffy
Edward R. Burke
Herbert E. Hitchcock
Theodore F. Green

107
 Third session—January 3, 1938–June 16, 1938
Carter Glass, chairman Frederick Hale
Kenneth McKellar Gerald P. Nye
Royal S. Copeland 1 Frederick Steiwer 2
Carl T. Hayden John G. Townsend, Jr.
Elmer Thomas Styles Bridges
James F. Byrnes Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.3
Millard E. Tydings
Richard B. Russell, Jr.
Alva B. Adams
Patrick A. McCarran
John H. Overton
John H. Bankhead II
Joseph C. O’Mahoney
William Gibbs McAdoo
Harry S. Truman
F. Ryan Duffy
Edward R. Burke
Herbert E. Hitchcock
Theodore F. Green
1 DeceasedJune 17, 1938.
2 Resigned from Senate January 31, 1938.
3 Appointed February 16, 1938.

SEVENTY-SIXTH CONGRESS
First session—January 3, 1939–August 5, 1939
Second session—September 21, 1939–November 3, 1939
Third session—January 3, 1940–January 3, 1941
Carter Glass, chairman Frederick Hale
Kenneth McKellar Gerald P. Nye
Carl T. Hayden John G. Townsend, Jr.
Elmer Thomas Styles Bridges
James F. Byrnes Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.
Millard E. Tydings Rufus C. Holman 1
Richard B. Russell, Jr. Robert A. Taft 1
Alva B. Adams
Patrick A. McCarran
John H. Overton
John H. Bankhead II
Joseph C. O’Mahoney
Harry S. Truman
Edward R. Burke
Theodore F. Green
Francis T. Maloney 1
Dennis Chavez 1
1 Elected January 10, 1939.

108
 SEVENTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS
First session—January 3, 1941–January 2, 1942
Carter Glass, chairman Gerald P. Nye
Kenneth McKellar Styles Bridges
Carl T. Hayden Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.
Elmer Thomas Rufus C. Holman
James F. Byrnes 1 Wallace H. White, Jr.
Millard E. Tydings Chan Gurney
Richard B. Russell, Jr. C. Wayland Brooks
Alva B. Adams 2
Patrick A. McCarran
John H. Overton
John H. Bankhead II
Joseph C. O’Mahoney
Harry S. Truman
Theodore F. Green
Francis T. Maloney
Dennis Chavez
Alva M. Lumpkin 3 4
Roger C. Peace 5
James M. Mead 6
Wall Doxey 6
Burnet R. Maybank 6
1 Resigned July 8, 1941.
2 Deceased December 1, 1941.
3 Elected to Committee July 31, 1941.
4 Deceased August 1, 1941.
5 Elected to Committee August 7, 1941.
6 Elected on December 15, 1941.

Second session—January 5, 1942–December 16, 1942

Carter Glass, chairman Gerald P. Nye
Kenneth McKellar Styles Bridges
Carl T. Hayden Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.
Elmer Thomas Rufus C. Holman
Millard E. Tydings Wallace H. White, Jr.
Richard B. Russell Chan Gurney
Patrick A. McCarran C. Wayland Brooks
John H. Overton
John H. Bankhead II
Joseph C. O’Mahoney
Harry S. Truman
Theodore F. Green
Francis T. Maloney
Dennis Chavez
James M. Mead
Wall Doxey
Burnet R. Maybank

109
 SEVENTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS
First session—January 6, 1943–December 21, 1943
Carter Glass, chairman Gerald P. Nye
Kenneth McKellar Styles Bridges
Carl T. Hayden Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.
Elmer Thomas Rufus C. Holman
Millard E. Tydings Wallace H. White, Jr.
Richard B. Russell Chan Gurney
Patrick A. McCarran C. Wayland Brooks
John H. Overton Clyde M. Reed
John H. Bankhead II Harold H. Burton
Joseph C. O’Mahoney
Harry S. Truman
Theodore F. Green
Francis T. Maloney
Dennis Chavez
James M. Mead
Burnet R. Maybank
Second session—January 10, 1944–December 19, 1944
Carter Glass, chairman Gerald P. Nye
Kenneth McKellar Styles Bridges
Carl T. Hayden Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. 1
Elmer Thomas Rufus C. Holman
Millard E. Tydings Wallace H. White, Jr.
Richard B. Russell Chan Gurney
Patrick A. McCarran C. Wayland Brooks
John H. Overton Clyde M. Reed
John H. Bankhead II Harold H. Burton
Joseph C. O’Mahoney Joseph H. Ball 2
Harry S. Truman
Theodore F. Green
Francis T. Maloney
Dennis Chavez
James M. Mead
Burnet R. Maybank
1 Resigned February 4, 1944.
2 Elected to Committee February 21, 1944.

110
 SEVENTY-NINTH CONGRESS
First session—January 3, 1945–December 21, 1945
Carter Glass, chairman Styles Bridges
Kenneth McKellar Wallace H. White, Jr.
Carl T. Hayden Chan Gurney
Elmer Thomas C. Wayland Brooks
Millard E. Tydings Clyde M. Reed
Richard B. Russell Harold H. Burton 4
Patrick A. McCarran Joseph H. Ball
John H. Overton Raymond E. Willis
John H. Bankhead II Homer Ferguson
Joseph C. O’Mahoney Kenneth S. Wherry 5
Harry S. Truman 1 ——— ———
Theodore F. Green
Francis T. Maloney 2
Dennis Chavez
James M. Mead
Burnet R. Maybank
Abe Murdock 3
1 Resigned January 18, 1945.
2 Deceased January 16, 1945.
3 Elected to Committee February 28, 1945.
4 Resigned September 30, 1945.
5 Elected to Committee January 18, 1945.

Note: Dash line indicates vacancy.

Second session—January 14, 1946–August 2, 1946

Carter Glass, chairman 1 Styles Bridges
Kenneth McKellar, chairman 2 Wallace H. White, Jr.
Carl T. Hayden Chan Gurney
Elmer Thomas C. Wayland Brooks
Millard E. Tydings Clyde M. Reed
Richard B. Russell Joseph H. Ball
Patrick A. McCarran Raymond E. Willis
John H. Overton Homer Ferguson
John H. Bankhead II 3 Kenneth S. Wherry
Joseph C. O’Mahoney Guy Cordon 4
Theodore F. Green
Dennis Chavez
James M. Mead
Burnet R. Maybank
Abe Murdock
——— ———
——— ———
1 Deceased May 28, 1946.
2 Appointed chairman May 31, 1946.
3 Deceased June 12, 1946.
4 Elected to Committee December 18, 1945.

Note: Dash line indicates vacancy.

111
 EIGHTIETH CONGRESS
First session—January 3, 1947–December 19, 1947
[Appointed to Committee by S. Res. 18, agreed to January 6, 1947.]
Styles Bridges, chairman Kenneth McKellar
Chan Gurney Carl T. Hayden
C. Wayland Brooks Elmer Thomas
Clyde M. Reed Millard E. Tydings
Joseph H. Ball Richard B. Russell
Homer Ferguson Patrick A. McCarran
Kenneth S. Wherry John H. Overton
Guy Cordon Joseph C. O’Mahoney
Leverett Saltonstall Theodore Francis Green
Milton R. Young
William F. Knowland
Henry C. Dworshak
Second session—January 6, 1948–December 31, 1948
Styles Bridges, chairman Kenneth McKellar
Chan Gurney Carl T. Hayden
C. Wayland Brooks Elmer Thomas
Clyde M. Reed Millard E. Tydings
Joseph H. Ball Richard B. Russell
Homer Ferguson Patrick A. McCarran
Kenneth S. Wherry John H. Overton 1
Guy Cordon Joseph C. O’Mahoney
Leverett Saltonstall Theodore Francis Green
Milton R. Young Dennis Chavez 2
William F. Knowland
Henry C. Dworshak
1 Deceased May 14, 1948.
2 Appointed May 26, 1948.

EIGHTY-FIRST CONGRESS
First session—January 3, 1949–October 19, 1949
Kenneth McKellar, chairman Styles Bridges
Carl T. Hayden Chan Gurney
Elmer Thomas Clyde M. Reed 2
Richard B. Russell, Jr. Homer Ferguson
Patrick A. McCarran Kenneth S. Wherry
Joseph C. O’Mahoney Guy Cordon
Dennis Chavez Leverett Saltonstall
Burnet R. Maybank Milton R. Young
Allen J. Ellender William F. Knowland 3
J. Lister Hill
Harley M. Kilgore
John L. McClellan
A. Willis Robertson 1
1 Excused from further service July 26, 1949.
2 Deceased November 8, 1949.
3 Appointed July 26, 1949.

112
 Second session—January 3, 1950–January 2, 1951
Kenneth McKellar, chairman Styles Bridges
Carl T. Hayden Chan Gurney
Elmer Thomas Homer Ferguson
Richard B. Russell Kenneth S. Wherry
Patrick A. McCarran Guy Cordon
Joseph C. O’Mahoney Leverett Saltonstall
Dennis Chavez Milton R. Young
Burnet R. Maybank William F. Knowland
Allen J. Ellender
J. Lister Hill
Harley M. Kilgore
John L. McClellan
A. Willis Robertson 1
1 Appointed January 12, 1950.

EIGHTY-SECOND CONGRESS
First session—January 3, 1951–October 20, 1951 1
Kenneth McKellar, chairman Styles Bridges
Carl T. Hayden Homer Ferguson
Richard B. Russell Kenneth S. Wherry
Patrick A. McCarran Guy Cordon
Joseph C. O’Mahoney Leverett Saltonstall
Dennis Chavez Milton R. Young
Burnet R. Maybank William F. Knowland
Allen J. Ellender Edward J. Thye
J. Lister Hill Zales N. Ecton
Harley M. Kilgore Joseph R. McCarthy 3
John L. McClellan
A. Willis Robertson 2
1 Order naming Committee agreed to January 15, 1951.
2 Assigned to service on Committee May 21, 1951.
3 Excused from further service May 21, 1951.

Second session—January 8, 1952–July 1, 1952

Kenneth McKellar, chairman Styles Bridges
Carl T. Hayden Homer Ferguson
Richard B. Russell Guy Cordon
Patrick A. McCarran Leverett Saltonstall
Joseph C. O’Mahoney Milton R. Young
Dennis Chavez William F. Knowland
Burnet R. Maybank Edward J. Thye
Allen J. Ellender Zales N. Ecton
J. Lister Hill Joseph R. McCarthy
Harley M. Kilgore
John L. McClellan
A. Willis Robertson

113
 EIGHTY-THIRD CONGRESS
First session—January 3, 1953–August 3, 1953 1
Styles Bridges, chairman Carl T. Hayden
Homer Ferguson Richard B. Russell
Guy Cordon Patrick A. McCarran
Leverett Saltonstall Dennis Chavez
Milton R. Young Burnet R. Maybank
William F. Knowland Allen J. Ellender
Edward J. Thye J. Lister Hill
Joseph R. McCarthy Harley M. Kilgore
Karl E. Mundt John L. McClellan
Margaret Chase Smith A. Willis Robertson
Henry C. Dworshak Warren G. Magnuson
Everett M. Dirksen
1 Appointed January 13, 1953.

Second session—January 6, 1954–December 2, 1954

Styles Bridges, chairman Carl T. Hayden
Homer Ferguson Richard B. Russell
Guy Cordon Patrick A. McCarran 1
Leverett Saltonstall Dennis Chavez
Milton R. Young Burnet R. Maybank 2
William F. Knowland Allen J. Ellender
Edward J. Thye J. Lister Hill
Joseph R. McCarthy Harley M. Kilgore
Karl E. Mundt John L. McClellan
Margaret Chase Smith A. Willis Robertson
Henry C. Dworshak Warren G. Magnuson
Everett M. Dirksen
1 Deceased September 28, 1954.
2 Deceased September 1, 1954.

EIGHTY-FOURTH CONGRESS
First session—January 5, 1955–August 2, 1955 1
Carl T. Hayden, chairman Styles Bridges
Richard B. Russell Leverett Saltonstall
Dennis Chavez Milton R. Young
Allen J. Ellender William F. Knowland
J. Lister Hill Edward J. Thye
Harley M. Kilgore Joseph R. McCarthy
John L. McClellan Karl E. Mundt
A. Willis Robertson Margaret Chase Smith
Warren G. Magnuson Henry C. Dworshak
Spessard L. Holland Everett M. Dirksen
John C. Stennis Charles E. Potter
Earle C. Clements
1 Appointed January 11, 1955.

114
 Second session—January 3, 1956–July 27, 1956
Carl T. Hayden, chairman Styles Bridges
Richard B. Russell Leverett Saltonstall
Dennis Chavez Milton R. Young
Allen J. Ellender William F. Knowland
J. Lister Hill Edward J. Thye
Harley M. Kilgore 1 Joseph R. McCarthy
John L. McClellan Karl E. Mundt
A. Willis Robertson Margaret Chase Smith
Warren G. Magnuson Henry C. Dworshak
Spessard L. Holland Everett M. Dirksen
John C. Stennis Charles E. Potter
Earle C. Clements
Lyndon B. Johnson 2
1 Deceased February 28, 1956.
2 Appointed March 22, 1956.

EIGHTY-FIFTH CONGRESS
First session—January 3, 1957–August 30, 1957 1
Carl T. Hayden, chairman Styles Bridges
Richard B. Russell Leverett Saltonstall
Dennis Chavez Milton R. Young
Allen J. Ellender William F. Knowland
J. Lister Hill Edward J. Thye
John L. McClellan Joseph R. McCarthy 2
A. Willis Robertson Karl E. Mundt
Warren G. Magnuson Margaret Chase Smith
Spessard L. Holland Henry C. Dworshak
John C. Stennis Everett M. Dirksen
Lyndon B. Johnson Charles E. Potter
John O. Pastore Irving M. Ives 3
1 Appointed January 9, 1957.
2 Deceased May 2, 1957.
3 Appointed May 22, 1957.

Second session—January 7, 1958–August 24, 1958

Carl T. Hayden, chairman Styles Bridges
Richard B. Russell Leverett Saltonstall
Dennis Chavez Milton R. Young
Allen J. Ellender William F. Knowland
J. Lister Hill Edward J. Thye
John L. McClellan Karl E. Mundt
A. Willis Robertson Margaret Chase Smith
Warren G. Magnuson Henry C. Dworshak
Spessard L. Holland Everett M. Dirksen
John C. Stennis Charles E. Potter
Lyndon B. Johnson Irving M. Ives
John O. Pastore

115
 EIGHTY-SIXTH CONGRESS
First session—January 7, 1959–September 15, 1959
Second session—January 6, 1960–September 1, 1960
Committee membership (majority)—January 14, 1959
Committee membership (minority)—January 20, 1959
Carl T. Hayden, chairman Styles Bridges
Richard B. Russell Leverett Saltonstall
Dennis Chavez Milton R. Young
Allen J. Ellender Karl E. Mundt
J. Lister Hill Margaret Chase Smith
John L. McClellan Henry Dworshak
A. Willis Robertson Thomas H. Kuchel
Warren G. Magnuson Roman L. Hruska
Spessard L. Holland Gordon L. Allott
John C. Stennis
Lyndon B. Johnson
John O. Pastore
Estes Kefauver
A.S. Mike Monroney
Alan H. Bible
Robert C. Byrd
Thomas J. Dodd
Gale W. McGee
EIGHTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS
First session—January 3, 1961–September 27, 1961
Committee membership (majority)—January 10, 1961
Committee membership (minority)—January 13, 1961
Carl T. Hayden, chairman Styles Bridges 1
Richard B. Russell Leverett Saltonstall
Dennis Chavez Milton R. Young
Allen J. Ellender Karl E. Mundt
J. Lister Hill Margaret Chase Smith
John L. McClellan Henry Dworshak
A. Willis Robertson Thomas H. Kuchel
Warren G. Magnuson Roman L. Hruska
Spessard L. Holland Gordon L. Allott
John C. Stennis Andrew F. Schoeppel
John O. Pastore
Estes Kefauver
A.S. Mike Monroney
Alan H. Bible
Robert C. Byrd
Gale W. McGee
Hubert H. Humphrey
1 Deceased November 26, 1961.

116
 Second session—January 10, 1962–October 13, 1962
Carl T. Hayden, chairman Leverett Saltonstall
Richard B. Russell Milton R. Young
Dennis Chavez 1 Karl E. Mundt
Allen J. Ellender Margaret Chase Smith
J. Lister Hill Henry Dworshak 2
John L. McClellan Thomas H. Kuchel
A. Willis Robertson Roman L. Hruska
Warren G. Magnuson Gordon L. Allott
Spessard L. Holland Andrew F. Schoeppel 3
John C. Stennis Norris H. Cotton 4
John O. Pastore Clifford P. Case 4
Estes Kefauver Jacob K. Javits 5
A.S. Mike Monroney
Alan H. Bible
Robert C. Byrd
Gale W. McGee
Hubert H. Humphrey
1 Deceased November 18, 1962.
2 Deceased July 23, 1962.
3 Deceased January 21, 1962.
4 Appointed February 2, 1962.
5 Appointed August 8, 1962.

Membership increased for the majority (S. Res. 90, 88th, 1st).

EIGHTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS
First session—January 9, 1963–December 30, 1963
Committee membership (majority)—January 10, 1961
Committee membership (minority)—January 13, 1961
Carl T. Hayden, chairman Leverett Saltonstall
Richard B. Russell Milton R. Young
Allen J. Ellender Karl E. Mundt
J. Lister Hill Margaret Chase Smith
John L. McClellan Thomas H. Kuchel
A. Willis Robertson Roman L. Hruska
Warren G. Magnuson Gordon L. Allott
Spessard L. Holland Norris H. Cotton
John C. Stennis Clifford P. Case
John O. Pastore
Estes Kefauver 1
A.S. Mike Monroney
Alan H. Bible
Robert C. Byrd
Gale W. McGee
Hubert H. Humphrey
Michael J. Mansfield
E.L. Bartlett
William Proxmire 2
1 Deceased August 10, 1963.
2 Appointed August 23, 1963.

117
 Second session—January 7, 1964–October 3, 1964
Carl T. Hayden, chairman Leverett Saltonstall
Richard B. Russell Milton R. Young
Allen J. Ellender Karl E. Mundt
J. Lister Hill Margaret Chase Smith
John L. McClellan Thomas H. Kuchel
A. Willis Robertson Roman L. Hruska
Warren G. Magnuson Gordon L. Allott
Spessard L. Holland Norris H. Cotton
John C. Stennis Clifford P. Case
John O. Pastore
A.S. Mike Monroney
Alan H. Bible
Robert C. Byrd
Gale W. McGee
Hubert H. Humphrey 1
Michael J. Mansfield
E.L. Bartlett
William Proxmire
1 Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey resigned from the Senate December 29, 1964.

EIGHTY-NINTH CONGRESS
First session—January 4, 1965–October 23, 1965
Second session—January 10, 1966–October 22, 1966
Committee membership (majority)—January 8, 1965
Committee membership (minority)—January 15, 1965
Carl T. Hayden, chairman Leverett Saltonstall
Richard B. Russell Milton R. Young
Allen J. Ellender Karl E. Mundt
J. Lister Hill Margaret Chase Smith
John L. McClellan Thomas H. Kuchel
A. Willis Robertson Roman L. Hruska
Warren G. Magnuson Gordon L. Allott
Spessard L. Holland Norris H. Cotton
John C. Stennis Clifford P. Case
John O. Pastore
A.S. Mike Monroney
Alan H. Bible
Robert C. Byrd
Gale W. McGee
Michael J. Mansfield
E.L. Bartlett
William Proxmire
Ralph Yarborough

118
 NINETIETH CONGRESS
First session—January 10, 1967–December 15, 1967
Second session—January 15, 1968–October 14, 1968
Committee membership (majority)—January 11, 1967
Committee membership (minority)—January 16, 1967
Carl Hayden, chairman Milton R. Young
Richard B. Russell Karl E. Mundt
Allen J. Ellender Margaret Chase Smith
J. Lister Hill Thomas H. Kuchel
John L. McClellan Roman L. Hruska
Warren G. Magnuson Gordon L. Allott
Spessard L. Holland Norris H. Cotton
John C. Stennis Clifford P. Case
John O. Pastore Jacob K. Javits
A.S. Mike Monroney
Alan H. Bible
Robert C. Byrd
Gale W. McGee
Michael J. Mansfield
E.L. Bartlett 1
William Proxmire
Ralph Yarborough
1 Deceased December 11, 1968.

NINETY-FIRST CONGRESS
First session—January 3, 1969–December 23, 1969
Second session—January 19, 1970–January 2, 1971
Committee membership—January 14, 1969
Richard B. Russell, chairman Milton R. Young
Allen J. Ellender Karl E. Mundt
John L. McClellan Margaret Chase Smith
Warren G. Magnuson Roman L. Hruska
Spessard L. Holland Gordon L. Allott
John C. Stennis Norris H. Cotton
John O. Pastore Clifford P. Case
Alan H. Bible Hiram L. Fong
Robert C. Byrd J. Caleb Boggs
Gale W. McGee James B. Pearson
Michael J. Mansfield
William Proxmire
Ralph Yarborough
Joseph M. Montoya

119
 NINETY-SECOND CONGRESS
First session—January 21, 1971—December 17, 1971
Second session—January 18, 1972—October 18, 1972
Committee membership (majority)—January 28, 1971
Committee membership (minority)—January 29, 1971
Allen J. Ellender, chairman 1 Milton R. Young
John L. McClellan Karl E. Mundt
Warren G. Magnuson Margaret Chase Smith
John C. Stennis Roman L. Hruska
John O. Pastore Gordon L. Allott
Alan H. Bible Norris H. Cotton
Robert C. Byrd Clifford P. Case
Gale W. McGee Hiram L. Fong
Michael J. Mansfield J. Caleb Boggs
William Proxmire Charles H. Percy
Joseph M. Montoya Edward W. Brooke
Daniel K. Inouye
Ernest F. Hollings
1 Appointed chairman January 28, 1971.

Second session—January 18, 1972–October 18, 1972

Allen J. Ellender, chairman 1 Milton R. Young
John L. McClellan, chairman 2 Karl E. Mundt 4
Warren G. Magnuson Margaret Chase Smith
John C. Stennis Roman L. Hruska
John O. Pastore Gordon L. Allott
Alan H. Bible Norris H. Cotton
Robert C. Byrd Clifford P. Case
Gale W. McGee Hiram L. Fong
Michael J. Mansfield J. Caleb Boggs
William Proxmire Charles H. Percy 4
Joseph M. Montoya Edward W. Brooke
Daniel K. Inouye Mark O. Hatfield 5
Ernest F. Hollings Ted Stevens 5
Birch E. Bayh 3
1 Deceased July 27, 1972.
2 Elected chairman August 2, 1972 (S. Res. 337, 92/2).
3 Assigned August 2, 1972.
4 Reassigned February 23, 1972.
5 Assigned to committee February 23, 1972.

120
 NINETY-THIRD CONGRESS
First session—January 3, 1973–December 22, 1973
Second session—January 21, 1974–December 20, 1974
Committee membership (majority)—January 4, 1973
Committee membership (minority)—January 12, 1973
John L. McClellan, chairman Milton R. Young
Warren G. Magnuson Roman L. Hruska
John C. Stennis Norris H. Cotton
John O. Pastore Clifford P. Case
Alan H. Bible 1 Hiram L. Fong
Robert C. Byrd Edward W. Brooke
Gale W. McGee Mark O. Hatfield
Michael J. Mansfield Ted Stevens
William Proxmire Charles McC. Mathias, Jr.
Joseph M. Montoya Richard S. Schweiker
Daniel K. Inouye Henry L. Bellmon
Ernest F. Hollings Paul D. Laxalt 2
Birch E. Bayh
Thomas F. Eagleton
Lawton M. Chiles
1 Reassigned December 17, 1974.
2 Elected December 18, 1974.

NINETY-FOURTH CONGRESS
First session—January 14, 1975–December 19, 1975
Second session—January 19, 1976–October 1, 1976
Committee membership (majority)—January 17, 1975
Committee membership (minority)—January 23, 1975
John L. McClellan, chairman Milton R. Young
Warren G. Magnuson Roman L. Hruska
John C. Stennis Clifford P. Case
John O. Pastore Hiram L. Fong
Robert C. Byrd Edward W. Brooke
Gale W. McGee Mark O. Hatfield
Michael J. Mansfield Ted Stevens
William Proxmire Charles McC. Mathias, Jr.
Joseph M. Montoya Richard S. Schweiker
Daniel K. Inouye Henry L. Bellmon
Ernest F. Hollings
Birch E. Bayh
Thomas F. Eagleton
Lawton M. Chiles
J. Bennett Johnston
Walter D. Huddleston

121
 NINETY-FIFTH CONGRESS
First session—January 4, 1977–December 15, 1977
Second session—January 19, 1978–October 15, 1978
Committee membership—January 10, 1977
John L. McClellan, chairman 1 Milton R. Young
Warren G. Magnuson 2 Clifford P. Case
John C. Stennis Edward W. Brooke
Robert C. Byrd Mark O. Hatfield
William Proxmire Ted Stevens
Daniel K. Inouye Charles McC. Mathias, Jr.
Ernest F. Hollings Richard S. Schweiker
Birch E. Bayh Henry L. Bellmon
Thomas F. Eagleton Lowell P. Weicker, Jr.
Lawton M. Chiles
J. Bennett Johnston
Walter D. Huddleston
Quentin N. Burdick
Patrick J. Leahy
James R. Sasser
Paul S. Sarbanes 3
John Melcher 3
Donald W. Riegle, Jr.3
Dennis W. DeConcini
1 DiedNovember 28, 1977.
2 Appointed chairman January 27, 1978.
3 Temporary assignment from January 10–February 11, 1977.

Second session—January 19, 1978–October 15, 1978

Committee membership (majority)—February 11, 1977
Committee membership (minority)—February 22, 1977
Warren G. Magnuson, chairman Milton R. Young
John C. Stennis Clifford P. Case
Robert C. Byrd Edward W. Brooke
William Proxmire Mark O. Hatfield
Daniel K. Inouye Ted Stevens
Ernest F. Hollings Charles McC. Mathias, Jr.
Birch E. Bayh Richard S. Schweiker
Thomas F. Eagleton Henry L. Bellmon
Lawton M. Chiles Lowell P. Weicker, Jr.
J. Bennett Johnston
Walter D. Huddleston
Quentin N. Burdick
Patrick J. Leahy
James R. Sasser
Dennis W. DeConcini
Dale Bumpers 1
1 Elected to committee July 27, 1978.

122
 NINETY-SIXTH CONGRESS
First session—January 15, 1979–January 3, 1980
Second session—January 3, 1980–December 16, 1980
Committee membership (majority)—January 23, 1979
Committee membership (minority)—January 24, 1979
Warren G. Magnuson, chairman Milton R. Young
John C. Stennis Mark O. Hatfield
Robert C. Byrd Ted Stevens
William Proxmire Charles McC. Mathias, Jr.
Daniel K. Inouye Richard S. Schweiker
Ernest F. Hollings Henry L. Bellmon
Birch E. Bayh Lowell P. Weicker, Jr.
Thomas F. Eagleton James A. McClure
Lawton M. Chiles Paul D. Laxalt
J. Bennett Johnston Jake Garn
Walter D. Huddleston Harrison H. Schmitt
Quentin N. Burdick
Patrick J. Leahy
James R. Sasser
Dennis W. DeConcini
Dale Bumpers
John A. Durkin
NINETY-SEVENTH CONGRESS
First session—January 5, 1981–December 16, 1981
Second session—January 25, 1982–December 21, 1982
Committee membership—January 5, 1981
Mark O. Hatfield, chairman William Proxmire
Ted Stevens John C. Stennis
Lowell P. Weicker, Jr. Robert C. Byrd
James A. McClure Daniel K. Inouye
Paul D. Laxalt Ernest F. Hollings
Jake Garn Thomas F. Eagleton
Harrison Schmitt Lawton M. Chiles
Thad Cochran J. Bennett Johnston
Mark Andrews Walter D. Huddleston
James Abdnor Quentin N. Burdick
Robert W. Kasten, Jr. Patrick J. Leahy
Alfonse M. D’Amato James R. Sasser
Mack F. Mattingly Dennis W. DeConcini
Warren B. Rudman Dale Bumpers
Arlen Specter

123
 NINETY-EIGHTH CONGRESS
First session—January 3, 1983–November 18, 1983
Second session—January 23, 1984–October 12, 1984
Committee membership—January 3, 1983
Mark O. Hatfield, chairman John C. Stennis
Ted Stevens Robert C. Byrd
Lowell P. Weicker, Jr. William Proxmire
James A. McClure Daniel K. Inouye
Paul D. Laxalt Ernest F. Hollings
Jake Garn Thomas F. Eagleton
Thad Cochran Lawton M. Chiles
Mark Andrews J. Bennett Johnston
James Abdnor Walter D. Huddleston
Robert W. Kasten, Jr. Quentin N. Burdick
Alfonse M. D’Amato Patrick J. Leahy
Mack F. Mattingly James R. Sasser
Warren B. Rudman Dennis W. DeConcini
Arlen Specter Dale Bumpers
Pete V. Domenici
NINETY-NINTH CONGRESS
First session—January 3, 1985–December 20, 1985
Second session—January 21, 1986–October 18, 1986
Committee membership—February 21, 1985
Mark O. Hatfield, chairman John C. Stennis
Ted Stevens Robert C. Byrd
Lowell P. Weicker, Jr. William Proxmire
James A. McClure Daniel K. Inouye
Paul D. Laxalt Ernest F. Hollings
Jake Garn Lawton M. Chiles
Thad Cochran J. Bennett Johnston
Mark Andrews Quentin N. Burdick
James Abdnor Patrick J. Leahy
Robert W. Kasten, Jr. James R. Sasser
Alfonse M. D’Amato Dennis W. DeConcini
Mack F. Mattingly Dale Bumpers
Warren B. Rudman Frank R. Lautenberg
Arlen Specter Tom Harkin
Pete V. Domenici

124
 ONE HUNDREDTH CONGRESS
First session—January 6, 1987–December 22, 1987
Second session—January 25, 1988–October 22, 1988
Committee membership—January 6, 1987
John C. Stennis, chairman Mark O. Hatfield
Robert C. Byrd Ted Stevens
William Proxmire Lowell P. Weicker, Jr.
Daniel K. Inouye James A. McClure
Ernest F. Hollings Jake Garn
Lawton M. Chiles Thad Cochran
J. Bennett Johnston Robert W. Kasten, Jr.
Quentin N. Burdick Alfonse M. D’Amato
Patrick J. Leahy Warren B. Rudman
James R. Sasser Arlen Specter
Dennis W. DeConcini Pete V. Domenici
Dale Bumpers Charles E. Grassley
Frank R. Lautenberg Don Nickles
Tom Harkin
Barbara A. Mikulski
Harry Reid
ONE HUNDRED FIRST CONGRESS
First session—January 3, 1989–November 22, 1989
Second session—January 3, 1990–October 28, 1990
Committee membership—February 2, 1989
Robert C. Byrd, chairman Mark O. Hatfield
Daniel K. Inouye Ted Stevens
Ernest F. Hollings James A. McClure
J. Bennett Johnston Jake Garn
Quentin N. Burdick Thad Cochran
Patrick J. Leahy Robert W. Kasten, Jr.
James R. Sasser Alfonse M. D’Amato
Dennis W. DeConcini Warren B. Rudman
Dale Bumpers Arlen Specter
Frank R. Lautenberg Pete V. Domenici
Tom Harkin Charles E. Grassley
Barbara A. Mikulski Don Nickles
Harry Reid Phil Gramm
Brock Adams
Wyche Fowler, Jr.
J. Robert Kerrey

125
 ONE HUNDRED SECOND CONGRESS
First session—January 3, 1991–January 3, 1992
Second session—January 3, 1992–October 9, 1992
Committee membership—February 5, 1991
Robert C. Byrd, chairman Mark O. Hatfield
Daniel K. Inouye Ted Stevens
Ernest F. Hollings Jake Garn
J. Bennett Johnston Thad Cochran
Quentin N. Burdick 1 Robert W. Kasten, Jr.
Patrick J. Leahy Alfonse M. D’Amato
James R. Sasser Warren B. Rudman
Dennis W. DeConcini Arlen Specter
Dale Bumpers Pete V. Domenici
Frank R. Lautenberg Don Nickles
Tom Harkin Phil Gramm
Barbara A. Mikulski Christopher S. Bond
Harry Reid Slade Gorton
Brock Adams
Wyche Fowler, Jr.
J. Robert Kerrey
Kent Conrad 2
1 Died September 8, 1992.
2 Appointed to Committee September 18, 1992.

ONE HUNDRED THIRD CONGRESS

First session—January 5, 1993–November 26, 1993
Second session—January 25, 1994–December 1, 1994
Committee membership—January 7, 1993
Robert C. Byrd, chairman Mark O. Hatfield
Daniel K. Inouye Ted Stevens
Ernest F. Hollings Thad Cochran
J. Bennett Johnston Alfonse M. D’Amato
Patrick J. Leahy Arlen Specter
James R. Sasser Pete V. Domenici
Dennis W. DeConcini Don Nickles
Dale Bumpers Phil Gramm
Frank R. Lautenberg Christopher S. Bond
Tom Harkin Slade Gorton
Barbara A. Mikulski Mitch McConnell
Harry Reid Connie Mack
J. Robert Kerrey Conrad Burns
Herb Kohl
Patty Murray
Dianne Feinstein

126
 ONE HUNDRED FOURTH CONGRESS
First session—January 4, 1995–January 3, 1996
Second session—January 3, 1996–October 4, 1996
Committee membership—January 4, 1995
Mark O. Hatfield, chairman Robert C. Byrd
Ted Stevens Daniel K. Inouye
Thad Cochran Ernest F. Hollings
Arlen Specter J. Bennett Johnston
Pete V. Domenici Patrick J. Leahy
Phil Gramm 1 Dale Bumpers
Christopher S. Bond Frank R. Lautenberg
Slade Gorton Tom Harkin
Mitch McConnell Barbara A. Mikulski
Connie Mack Harry Reid
Conrad Burns J. Robert Kerrey
Richard C. Shelby Herb Kohl
James M. Jeffords Patty Murray
Judd Gregg
Robert F. Bennett
Ben Nighthorse Campbell 2
1 Reassigned October 12, 1995.
2 Appointed to Committee October 12, 1995.

ONE HUNDRED FIFTH CONGRESS

First session—January 7, 1997–November 13, 1997
Second session—January 27, 1998–December 19, 1998
Committee membership—January 9, 1997
Ted Stevens, chairman Robert C. Byrd
Thad Cochran Daniel K. Inouye
Arlen Specter Ernest F. Hollings
Pete V. Domenici Patrick J. Leahy
Christopher S. Bond Dale Bumpers
Slade Gorton Frank R. Lautenberg
Mitch McConnell Tom Harkin
Conrad Burns Barbara A. Mikulski
Richard C. Shelby Harry Reid
Judd Gregg Herb Kohl
Robert F. Bennett Patty Murray
Ben Nighthorse Campbell Byron Dorgan
Larry Craig Barbara Boxer
Lauch Faircloth
Kay Bailey Hutchison

127
 ONE HUNDRED SIXTH CONGRESS
First session—January 6, 1999–November 22, 1999
Second session—Janary 24, 2000–December 15, 2000
Committee membership—January 7, 1999
Ted Stevens, Chairman Robert C. Byrd
Thad Cochran Daniel K. Inouye
Arlen Specter Ernest F. Hollings
Pete V. Domenici Patrick J. Leahy
Christopher S. Bond Frank R. Lautenberg
Slade Gorton Tom Harkin
Mitch McConnell Barbara A. Mikulski
Conrad Burns Harry Reid
Richard C. Shelby Herb Kohl
Judd Gregg Patty Murray
Robert F. Bennett Byron L. Dorgan
Ben Nighthorse Campbell Dianne Feinstein
Larry Craig Richard J. Durbin
Kay Bailey Hutchison
Jon Kyl
ONE HUNDRED SEVENTH CONGRESS
First session—January 3, 2001–December 20, 2001
Second session—January 23, 2002–November 22, 2002
Committee membership—January 25, 2001
Ted Stevens, Chairman Robert C. Byrd
Thad Cochran Daniel K. Inouye
Arlen Specter Ernest F. Hollings
Pete V. Domenici Patrick J. Leahy
Christopher S. Bond Tom Harkin
Mitch McConnell Barbara A. Mikulski
Conrad Burns Harry Reid
Richard C. Shelby Herb Kohl
Judd Gregg Patty Murray
Robert F. Bennett Byron L. Dorgan
Ben Nighthorse Campbell Dianne Feinstein
Larry Craig Richard J. Durbin
Kay Bailey Hutchison Tim Johnson
Mike DeWine Mary L. Landrieu

128
 Committee membership—June 6, 2001
Robert C. Byrd, Chairman Ted Stevens
Daniel K. Inouye Thad Cochran
Ernest F. Hollings Arlen Specter
Patrick J. Leahy Pete V. Domenici
Tom Harkin Christopher S. Bond
Barbara A. Mikulski Mitch McConnell
Harry Reid Conrad Burns
Herb Kohl Richard C. Shelby
Patty Murray Judd Gregg
Byron L. Dorgan Robert F. Bennett
Dianne Feinstein Ben Nighthorse Campbell
Richard J. Durbin Larry Craig
Kay Bailey Hutchison
Jon Kyl
Committee membership—July 10, 2001
Robert C. Byrd, Chairman Ted Stevens
Daniel K. Inouye Thad Cochran
Ernest F. Hollings Arlen Specter
Patrick J. Leahy Pete V. Domenici
Tom Harkin Christopher S. Bond
Barbara A. Mikulski Mitch McConnell
Harry Reid Conrad Burns
Herb Kohl Richard C. Shelby
Patty Murray Judd Gregg
Byron L. Dorgan Robert F. Bennett
Dianne Feinstein Ben Nighthorse Campbell
Richard J. Durbin Larry Craig
Tim Johnson Kay Bailey Hutchison
Mary L. Landrieu Mike DeWine
Jack Reed
ONE HUNDRED EIGHTH CONGRESS
First session—January 7, 2003–December 8, 2003
Second session—January 20, 2004–December 7, 2004
Committee membership—January 15, 2003
Ted Stevens, Chairman Robert C. Byrd
Thad Cochran Daniel K. Inouye
Arlen Specter Ernest F. Hollings
Pete V. Domenici Patrick J. Leahy
Christopher S. Bond Tom Harkin
Mitch McConnell Barbara A. Mikulski
Conrad Burns Harry Reid
Richard C. Shelby Herb Kohl
Judd Gregg Patty Murray
Robert F. Bennett Byron L. Dorgan
Ben Nighthorse Campbell Dianne Feinstein
Larry Craig Richard J. Durbin
Kay Bailey Hutchison Tim Johnson
Mike DeWine Mary L. Landrieu
Sam Brownback

129
 ONE HUNDRED NINTH CONGRESS
First session—January 4, 2005–December 22, 2005
Second session—January 3, 2006–December 9, 2006
Committee membership—January 6, 2005
Thad Cochran, Chairman Robert C. Byrd
Ted Stevens Daniel K. Inouye
Arlen Specter Patrick J. Leahy
Pete V. Domenici Tom Harkin
Christopher S. Bond Barbara A. Mikulski
Mitch McConnell Harry Reid
Conrad Burns Herb Kohl
Richard C. Shelby Patty Murray
Judd Gregg Byron L. Dorgan
Robert F. Bennett Dianne Feinstein
Larry Craig Richard J. Durbin
Kay Bailey Hutchison Tim Johnson
Mike DeWine Mary L. Landrieu
Sam Brownback
Wayne Allard
ONE HUNDRED TENTH CONGRESS
First session—January 4, 2007–December 19, 2007
Second session—January 3, 2008–
Committee membership—January 12, 2007
Robert C. Byrd, Chairman Thad Cochran
Daniel K. Inouye Ted Stevens
Patrick J. Leahy Arlen Specter
Tom Harkin Pete V. Domenici
Barbara A. Mikulski Christopher S. Bond
Herb Kohl Mitch Mcconnell
Patty Murray Richard C. Shelby
Byron L. Dorgan Judd Gregg
Dianne Feinstein Robert F. Bennett
Richard J. Durbin Larry Craig
Tim Johnson Kay Bailey Hutchison
Mary L. Landrieu Sam Brownback
Jack Reed Wayne Allard
Frank R. Lautenberg Lamar Alexander
Ben Nelson

130
 Subcommittee Memberships
(Consult the full committee roster for the full name of the Senator and addi-
tional information. Dates are when majority and minority met to establish sub-
committee memberships).

FORTY-FIFTH CONGRESS ARMY

(There is no known, formal, published Senators Blaine, Allison, Withers.
list of subcommittee members for this session
of Congress. This information was com-
piled from informal, unpublished materials Special session
found in one of the offices of the Senate Senators Withers, Wallace, Blaine.
Appropriations Committee.)
MILITARY ACADEMY
First session
Senator Windom.
LEGISLATIVE
FORTIFICATION
Senators Windom, Allison, Davis.
Senator Windom.
SUNDRY CIVIL
NAVAL
Senators Windom, Dorsey, Beck.
Senator Windom.
FORTIFICATION
INDIAN
Senator Windom.
Senators Windom, Allison, With-
DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR ers.
Senators Windom, Allison, Eaton.
CONSULAR AND DIPLOMATIC
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Senator Windom.
Included in Sundry Civil Act.
PENSIONS
DEFICIENCIES
Senator Windom.
Senators Sargent, Blaine, Withers.
DEFICIENCIES
Senators Allison, Dorsey, Wallace.
Second session
LEGISLATIVE
FORTY-SIXTH CONGRESS
Senators Windom, Allison, Beck.
First session
Special session LEGISLATIVE
Senators Beck, Davis, Allison. Senators Davis, Wallace, Allison.
SUNDRY CIVIL SUNDRY CIVIL
Senators Windom, Dorsey, Davis. Senators Beck, Davis, Windom.
POST OFFICE MILITARY ACADEMY
Senators Dorsey, Blaine, Wallace. Senators Windom, Blaine, Withers.

131
 CONSULAR AND DIPLOMATIC FORTIFICATIONS
Senators Eaton, Davis, Windom. Senators Allison, Beck, Booth.
POST OFFICE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Senators Wallace, Beck, Booth. Senators Withers, Beck, Blaine.
ARMY DEFICIENCIES
Senators Withers, Eaton, Blaine. Senators Wallace, Davis, Booth.
NAVY AGRICULTURAL
Senators Blaine, Wallace, Eaton. Senators Davis, Withers, Windom.
INDIAN
Senators Wallace, Beck, Allison. FORTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS
PENSIONS
First session
Senators Booth, Withers, Allison.
LEGISLATIVE
FORTIFICATIONS
Senators Allison, Dawes, Davis.
Senators Allison, Beck, Booth.
SUNDRY CIVIL
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Senators Allison, Hale, Beck.
Senators Withers, Beck, Blaine.
ARMY
DEFICIENCIES
Senators Logan, Plumb, Ransom.
Senators Eaton, Wallace, Booth.
NAVY
Senators Hale, Logan, Davis.
Second session
POST OFFICE
LEGISLATIVE
Senators Davis, Wallace, Allison. Senators Plumb, Allison, Beck.
INDIAN
SUNDRY CIVIL
Senators Beck, Davis, Windom. Senators Dawes, Plumb, Ransom.
CONSULAR AND DIPLOMATIC
MILITARY ACADEMY
Senators Windom, Blaine, Withers. Senators Beck, Allison, Logan.
CONSULAR AND DIPLOMATIC PENSIONS

Senators Eaton, Davis, Windom. Senators Logan, Dawes, Davis.

POST OFFICE MILITARY ACADEMY

Senators Wallace, Beck, Booth. Senators Hale, Ransom, Cockrell.

ARMY FORTIFICATIONS

Senators Withers, Eaton, Blaine. Senators Dawes, Logan, Beck.

NAVY DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Senators Windom, Davis, Withers. Senators Plumb, Dawes, Cockrell.
INDIAN DEFICIENCY
Senators Wallace, Beck, Windom. Senators Allison, Hale, Cockrell.
PENSIONS AGRICULTURAL
Senators Booth, Withers, Allison. Senators Davis, Hale, Plumb.

132
 Second session POST OFFICE

LEGISLATIVE Senators Plumb, Allison, Beck.

Senators Allison, Dawes, Davis. INDIAN

SUNDRY CIVIL
Senators Dawes, Plumb, Ransom.
Senators Allison, Hale, Beck. CONSULAR AND DIPLOMATIC

ARMY
Senators Allison, Hale, Beck.
Senators Logan, Plumb, Ransom. PENSIONS
Senators Logan, Dawes, Call.
NAVY
Senators Hale, Logan, Davis. MILITARY ACADEMY
Senators Logan, Ransom, Call.
POST OFFICE
FORTIFICATIONS
Senators Plumb, Allison, Beck.
Senators Dawes, Logan, Cockrell.
INDIAN
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Senators Dawes, Plumb, Ransom.
Senators Plumb, Dawes, Cockrell.
CONSULAR AND DIPLOMATIC
DEFICIENCY
Senators Allison, Hale, Beck.
Senators Hale, Allison, Cockrell.
PENSIONS
AGRICULTURAL
Senators Logan, Dawes, Davis.
Senators Hale, Plumb, Call.
MILITARY ACADEMY
Senators Logan, Ransom, Cockrell.
FORTY-NINTH CONGRESS
FORTIFICATIONS
First and second sessions
Senators Dawes, Logan, Beck.
LEGISLATIVE
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Senators Allison, Dawes, Cockrell.
Senators Plumb, Dawes, Cockrell.
SUNDRY CIVIL
DEFICIENCY Senators Allison, Hale, Beck.
Senators Hale, Allison, Cockrell.
DEFICIENCY
AGRICULTURAL Senators Hale, Allison, Cockrell.
Senators Davis, Hale, Plumb.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Senators Plumb, Dawes, Cockrell.
FORTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS
FORTIFICATIONS
First and second sessions Senators Dawes, Logan, Gorman.
LEGISLATIVE PENSIONS
Senators Allison, Dawes, Cockrell. Senators Logan, Dawes, Gorman.
SUNDRY CIVIL AGRICULTURAL
Senators Allison, Hale, Beck. Senators Mahone, Plumb, Call.
ARMY ARMY
Senators Logan, Plumb, Ransom. Senators Logan, Plumb, Gorman.
NAVY CONSULAR AND DIPLOMATIC
Senators Hale, Logan, Beck. Senators Allison, Hale, Beck.
133
 INDIAN POST OFFICE
Senators Dawes, Plumb, Call. Senators Plumb, Allison, Beck.
MILITARY ACADEMY SUNDRY CIVIL
Senators Logan, Mahone, Call. Senators Allison, Hale, Beck.
NAVY RIVER AND HARBOR
Senators Hale, Logan, Beck. Committee on Commerce.
POST OFFICE
Senators Plumb, Mahone, Beck. (No record of Senate Committee on Ap-
RIVER AND HARBOR propriations subcommittees is available for
the 51st Congress, 2d session.)
Committee on Commerce.

FIFTIETH CONGRESS FIFTY-SECOND CONGRESS

(No record of Senate Committee on Ap- First and second sessions
propriations subcommittees is available for
AGRICULTURAL
this Congress.)
Senators Allison, Cullom, Call.
FIFTY-FIRST CONGRESS ARMY

First session Senators Stewart, Allison, Black-

burn.
AGRICULTURAL
DEFICIENCY
Senators Plumb, Farwell, Call.
Senators Hale, Allison, Cockrell.
ARMY
DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR
Senators Allison, Plumb, Gorman.
Senators Hale, Allison, Blackburn.
DEFICIENCY
Senators Hale, Allison, Cockrell. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Senators Allison, Dawes, Cockrell.
DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR
Senators Hale, Allison, Beck. FORTIFICATIONS

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Senators Dawes, Stewart, Gorman.
Senators Plumb, Dawes, Cockrell. INDIAN

FORTIFICATIONS Senators Dawes, Cullom, Call.

Senators Dawes, Plumb, Gorman. LEGISLATIVE

INDIAN Senators Dawes, Allison, Cockrell.

Senators Dawes, Plumb, Call. MILITARY ACADEMY
LEGISLATIVE, ETC. Senators Cullom, Stewart, Call.
Senators Allison, Dawes, Cockrell. NAVY
MILITARY ACADEMY Senators Hale, Allison, Gorman.
Senators Allison, Farwell, Call. PENSIONS
NAVY Senators Stewart, Cullom, Gorman.
Senators Hale, Farwell, Beck. POST OFFICE
PENSIONS Senators Cullom, Stewart, Black-
Senators Allison, Dawes, Gorman. burn.

134
 SUNDRY CIVIL FIFTY-FOURTH CONGRESS
Senators Allison, Hale, Gorman. First and second sessions
RIVER AND HARBOR AGRICULTURE
Committee on Commerce. Senators Cullom, Quay, Pettigrew,
Call, Brice.
FIFTY-THIRD CONGRESS ARMY
(No record of Senate Committee on Ap- Senators Quay, Hale, Pettigrew,
propriations subcommittees is available for Blackburn, Faulkner.
the 53d Congress, 1st session.)
DEFICIENCY
Senators Hale, Allison, Quay,
Second and third sessions Cockrell, Brice.
AGRICULTURE DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR
Senators Call, Brice, Cullom. Senators Hale, Perkins, Cullom,
ARMY Blackburn, Faulkner.
Senators Blackburn, Cockrell, Tell- DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
er. Senators Teller, Allison, Cullom,
DEFICIENCY Cockrell, Gorman.
Senators Cockrell, Brice, Hale. FORTIFICATIONS

DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR Senators Perkins, Hale, Cullom,

Gorman, Call.
Senators Blackburn, Brice, Hale.
INDIAN
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Senators Pettigrew, Teller, Allison,
Senators Gorman, Cockrell, Allison. Cockrell, Call.
FORTIFICATIONS
LEGISLATIVE
Senators Call, Blackburn, Hale. Senators Cullom, Teller, Allison,
INDIAN Cockrell, Call.
Senators Call, Cockrell, Teller. MILITARY ACADEMY
LEGISLATIVE Senators Teller, Pettigrew, Perkins,
Senators Cockrell, Call, Allison. Brice, Call.
MILITARY ACADEMY NAVY
Senators Brice, Call, Teller. Senators Hale, Quay, Perkins, Gor-
man, Blackburn.
NAVY
PENSIONS
Senators Gorman, Blackburn, Hale.
Senators Allison, Cullom, Perkins,
PENSIONS Brice, Faulkner.
Senators Brice, Gorman, Cullom.
POST OFFICE
POST OFFICE Senators Allison, Pettigrew, Quay,
Senators Blackburn, Gorman, Cul- Blackburn, Faulkner.
lom.
SUNDRY CIVIL
SUNDRY CIVIL Senators Allison, Hale, Teller,
Senators Cockrell, Gorman, Allison. Gorman, Cockrell.
RIVER AND HARBOR RIVER AND HARBOR
Committee on Commerce. Committee on Commerce.

135
 FIFTY-FIFTH CONGRESS SUNDRY CIVIL
(No record of Senate Committee on Ap- Senators Allison, Hale, Quay, Gor-
propriations subcommittees is available for man, Cockrell.
the 55th Congress, 1st session.)
RIVER AND HARBOR
Committee on Commerce.
Second session
AGRICULTURE FIFTY-SIXTH CONGRESS
Senators Cullom, Quay, Perkins, (Other Senators not members of the full
Pettigrew, Berry. committee, assigned to subcommittees, are
ARMY shown in small caps.)
Senators Quay, Hale, Sewell, Faulk- First session
ner, Berry.
AGRICULTURE
DEFICIENCY Committee on Agriculture and For-
Senators Hale, Allison, Quay, estry.
Cockrell, Teller.
ARMY
DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR Senators HAWLEY, PROCTOR, Carter,
Senators Hale, Perkins, Cullom, Cockrell, HARRIS.
Faulkner, Murphy.
DEFICIENCY
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Senators Hale, Allison, Carter, Tell-
Senators Allison, Cullom, Sewell, er, Cockrell.
Cockrell, Gorman.
DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR
FORTIFICATIONS
Senators Hale, Cullom, Wetmore,
Senators Perkins, Hale, Cullom, Teller, Berry.
Murphy, Gorman.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
INDIAN
Senators Allison, Sewell, Carter,
Senators Allison, Perkins, Sewell, Cockrell, Tillman.
Cockrell, Pettigrew.
FORTIFICATIONS
LEGISLATIVE
Senators Perkins, Warren, Wet-
Senators Cullom, Sewell, Allison, more, Pettigrew, Tillman.
Teller, Cockrell.
INDIAN
MILITARY ACADEMY
Senators THURSTON, PLATT,
Senators Sewell, Perkins, Quay, QUARLES, JONES, Pettigrew.
Teller, Murphy.
LEGISLATIVE
NAVY
Senators Cullom, Sewell, Warren,
Senators Hale, Quay, Perkins, Gor- Teller, Pettigrew.
man, Teller.
MILITARY ACADEMY
PENSIONS
Senators Sewell, Warren, BATE.
Senators Perkins, Cullom, Sewell,
Berry, Faulkner. NAVY
Committee on Naval Affairs.
POST OFFICE
Senators Quay, Allison, Cullom, PENSIONS
Pettigrew, Faulkner. Committee on Pensions.

136
 POST OFFICE NAVY
Committee on Post Offices and Committee on Naval Affairs.
Post Roads.
PENSIONS
SUNDRY CIVIL Committee on Pensions.
Senators Allison, Hale, Perkins,
POST OFFICE
Cockrell, Berry.
Committee on Post Offices and
RIVER AND HARBOR Post Roads.
Committee on Commerce.
SUNDRY CIVIL
Senators Allison, Hale, Perkins,
(No record of Senate Committee on Ap- Cockrell, Berry.
propriations subcommittees is available for
the 56th Congress, 2d session.) RIVER AND HARBOR
Committee on Commerce.
FIFTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS
(Other Senators not members of the full (No record of Senate Committee on Ap-
committee, assigned to subcommittees, are propriations subcommittees is available for
shown in small caps.) the 57th Congress, 2d session.)
First session
FIFTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS
AGRICULTURE
(No record of Senate Committee on Ap-
Committee on Agriculture and For- propriations subcommittees is available for
estry. the 58th Congress, 1st session.)
ARMY
Senators HAWLEY, PROCTOR, (Other Senators not members of the full
FORAKER, Cockrell, HARRIS. committee, assigned to subcommittees, are
DEFICIENCY
shown in small caps.)
Senators Hale, Allison, McMillan, Second session
Teller, Cockrell. AGRICULTURE
DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR Committee on Agriculture and For-
Senators Hale, Cullom, Wetmore, estry.
Teller, Berry. ARMY
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Senators PROCTOR, QUARLES,
Senators Allison, McMillan, Quay, SCOTT, Cockrell, PETTUS.
Cockrell, Tillman. DEFICIENCY
FORTIFICATIONS Senators Hale, Allison, Gallinger,
Senators Perkins, Warren, Quay, Teller.
Tillman, Daniel. DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR
INDIAN Senators Hale, Cullom, Elkins, Tell-
Senators STEWART, PLATT, er, Berry.
QUARLES, JONES, RAWLINS.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
LEGISLATIVE Senators Allison, Gallinger, Wet-
Senators Cullom, Warren, Wet- more, Cockrell, Tillman.
more, Teller, Daniel.
FORTIFICATIONS
MILITARY ACADEMY Senators Perkins, Warren, Elkins,
Senators Warren, BURROWS, BATE. Tillman, Daniel.

137
 INDIAN FORTIFICATIONS
Senators STEWART, PLATT, Senators Perkins, Warren, Elkins,
MC CUMBER, DUBOIS, CLARK. Tillman, Daniel.
LEGISLATIVE INDIAN
Senators Cullom, Warren, Wet- Committee on Indian Affairs.
more, Teller, Daniel. LEGISLATIVE
MILITARY ACADEMY Senators Cullom, Warren, Wet-
Senators Warren, ALGER, BATE. more, Teller, Daniel.
NAVY MILITARY ACADEMY

Committee on Naval Affairs. Senators WARREN, SCOTT,

HEMENWAY, WARNER, PETTUS,
PENSIONS OVERMAN.
Committee on Pensions. NAVY
POST OFFICE Committee on Naval Affairs.
Committee on Post Offices and PENSIONS
Post Roads. Committee on Pensions.
SUNDRY CIVIL POST OFFICE
Senators Allison, Hale, Perkins, Committee on Post Offices and
Cockrell, Berry. Post Roads.
RIVER AND HARBOR SUNDRY CIVIL
Committee on Commerce. Senators Allison, Hale, Perkins,
Gorman, Berry.
FIFTY-NINTH CONGRESS RIVER AND HARBOR
(Other Senators not members of the full Committee on Commerce.
committee, assigned to subcommittees, are
shown in small caps.) (No record of Senate Committee on Ap-
First session propriations subcommittees is available for
the 59th Congress, 2d session.)
AGRICULTURE
Committee on Agriculture and For-
estry. SIXTIETH CONGRESS
(Other Senators not members of the full
ARMY committee, assigned to subcommittees, are
Senators Warren, FORAKER, ALGER, shown in small caps.)
LODGE, BULKELEY, BLACKBURN,
First session
TALIAFERRO, Foster.
AGRICULTURE
DEFICIENCY
Committee on Agriculture and For-
Senators Hale, Allison, Gallinger, estry.
Teller, Gorman.
ARMY
DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR
Senators WARREN, FORAKER,
Senators Hale, Cullom, Elkins, Tell- LODGE, BULKELEY, TALIAFERRO, FOS-
er, Berry. TER, OVERMAN.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA DEFICIENCY
Senators Allison, Gallinger, Wet- Senators Hale, Allison, Gallinger,
more, Tillman, Gorman. Teller, Clay.

138
 DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR Second session
Senators Hale, Cullom, Proctor, AGRICULTURE
Clay, Foster. Committee on Agriculture and For-
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA estry.
Senators Gallinger, Elkins, Hemen- ARMY
way, Tillman, Foster. Senators Warren, Bulkeley, Warner,
du Pont, Dixon, Taliaferro, Overman,
FORTIFICATIONS
Frazier.
Senators Perkins, Warren, Elkins,
Tillman, Daniel. DEFICIENCY
Senators Hale, Gallinger, Curtis,
INDIAN Clay, Culberson.
Senators Clapp, McCumber, Curtis, DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR
Stone, Paynter.
Senators Hale, Kean, Burkett, Clay,
LEGISLATIVE Foster.
Senators Cullom, Warren, Hemen- DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
way, Teller, Daniel. Senators Gallinger, Elkins, Curtis,
MILITARY ACADEMY Tillman, Foster.
Senators Warren, Scott, Hemenway, FORTIFICATIONS
Warner, du Pont, Frazier, McCreary. Senators Perkins, Warren, Elkins,
Tillman, Daniel.
NAVY
INDIAN
Committee on Naval Affairs.
Senators Clapp, McCumber, Curtis,
PENSIONS Stone, Owen.
Committee on Pensions. LEGISLATIVE
POST OFFICE Senators Warren, Elkins, Burkett,
Daniel, Foster.
Committee on Post Offices and
Post Roads. MILITARY ACADEMY

SUNDRY CIVIL
Senators Warren, Scott, Dick,
Briggs, Brown, Foster, Johnston.
Senators Allison, Hale, Perkins,
Teller, Tillman. NAVY
Committee on Naval Affairs.
RIVER AND HARBOR
PENSIONS
Committee on Commerce.
Committee on Pensions.
POST OFFICE
(No record of Senate Committee on Ap-
propriations subcommittees is available for Committee on Post Offices and
the 60th Congress, 2d session.) Post Roads.
SUNDRY CIVIL

SIXTY-FIRST CONGRESS Senators Hale, Perkins, Kean, Till-

man, Culberson.
(No record of Senate Committee on Ap-
propriations subcommittees is available for RIVER AND HARBOR
the 61st Congress, 1st session.) Committee on Commerce.
139
 Third session DEFICIENCIES

DEFICIENCY
Senators Martin, Bryan, Shafroth,
Underwood, Warren, Smoot.
Senators Hale, Gallinger, Curtis,
Culberson, Martin. DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR
Senators Overman, Lea, Shafroth,
DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR
Robinson, Jones, Dillingham, Curtis.
Senators Hale, Kean, Burkett, Fos-
FORTIFICATIONS
ter, Overman.
Senators Bryan, Owen, Smith,
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Underwood, Oliver, Jones, Townsend.
Senators Gallinger, Curtis, Tillman, PERMANENT APPROPRIATIONS
Foster.
Senators Tillman, Culberson, Owen,
FORTIFICATIONS Chamberlain, Oliver, Jones, Town-
Senators Perkins, Warren, Burkett, send.
Tillman, Overman.
LEGISLATIVE SIXTY-FIFTH CONGRESS
Senators Warren, Burkett, Kean, NOTE.—There is no official, com-
Foster, Martin. prehensive listing of the Senate Ap-
propriations Subcommittees and their
SUNDRY CIVIL members for this session of Congress.
Senators Hale, Perkins, Kean, Till- The following list was compiled from
man, Culberson. the records of the subcommittee hear-
ings during the session.
The session of the Congress for
SIXTY-SECOND CONGRESS which it is known that the Senator
was a member of the subcommittee is
(No record of Senate Committee on Ap- indicated in parenthesis.
propriations subcommittees is available for
the 62d Congress.) DEFICIENCIES
Senators Martin (2,3), Shafroth
(2,3), Underwood (2,3), Hardwick
SIXTY-THIRD CONGRESS (2,3), Warren (2,3), Smoot (2,3), Jones
(No record of Senate Committee on Ap- (WA) (2,3).
propriations subcommittees is available for
DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR
the 63d Congress.)
Senators Overman (3), Shafroth (3),
Smith (MD) (3), Smith (AZ) (3), Pol-
SIXTY-FOURTH CONGRESS lock (3), Curtis (3), Kenyon (3),
Calder (3).
First session
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
SUNDRY CIVIL
Senators Smith (MD) (2,3), Owen
Senators Martin, Overman, Cham- (2,3), Robinson (2), Hardwick (2,3),
berlain, Underwood, Warren, Gal- Gallinger (2), Dillingham (2), Curtis
linger. (2,3), Smith (AZ) (3), Jones (WA) (3),
Weeks (3).
LEGISLATIVE
Senators Martin, Overman, Bryan, FORTIFICATIONS
Robinson, Smoot, Oliver. Senators Underwood (2,3), Owen
(2,3), Smith (MD) (2,3), Hardwick
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA (2,3), Smith (AZ) (2), Jones (WA) (2),
Senators Smith, Lea, Owen, Robin- Kenyon (2,3), Sherman (2,3), Gay (3),
son, Gallinger, Dillingham, Curtis. Calder (3).

140
 LEGISLATIVE, EXECUTIVE, AND SUNDRY CIVIL APPROPRIATIONS
JUDICIAL Senators Warren (1,2,3), Smoot
Senators Martin (2,3), Overman (1,2,3), Jones (WA) (1,2,3), Curtis
(2,3), Underwood (2,3), Smott (2,3), (1,2,3), Gronna (1,2,3), Martin (1),
Warren (2,3). Overman (1,2,3), Owen (1,2,3),
SUNDRY CIVIL APPROPRIATIONS
Underwood (1,2), Glass (2,3).
Senators Martin (2), Overman (2),
Chamberlain (2), Underwood (2), SIXTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS
Warren (2), Gallinger (2).
(Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in
SUPPRESSION OF SPANISH INFLUENZA italics)
Senators Martin (2), Overman (2), NOTE.—There is no official, com-
Owen (2), Smott (2), Jones (WA) (2), prehensive listing of the Senate Ap-
Weeks (2). propriations Subcommittees and their
members for this session of Congress.
SIXTY-SIXTH CONGRESS The following list was compiled from
the records of the subcommittee hear-
NOTE.—There is no official, com- ings during the session.
prehensive listing of the Senate Ap- The session of the Congress for
propriations Subcommittees and their which it is known that the Senator
members for this session of Congress. was a member of the subcommittee is
The following list was compiled from indicated in parenthesis.
the records of the subcommittee hear-
ings during the session. AGRICULTURE
The session of the Congress for Senators McNary (2,4), Jones (WA)
which it is known that the Senator (2,4), Lenroot (2,4), Capper (2,4),
was a member of the subcommittee is McKinley (2,4), Overman (2,4), Smith
indicated in parenthesis. (2,4), Harris (2,4).
DEFICIENCIES
COMMERCE AND LABOR
Senators Warren (1,2), Curtis (1,2),
Sherman (1,2), Newberry (1,2), Phipps Senators Jones (WA) (2,4), Spencer
(1,2), Underwood (1,2), Smith (MD) (2,4), Lenroot (4), McKinley (4),
(1,2), Gay (1,2), Martin (1). Keyes (4), Overman (4), Newberry (2),
Harris (2,4), Glass (2), Culberson (4).
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
DEFICIENCIES
Senators Curtis (1,2,3), Jones (WA)
(1,2,3), Sherman (1,2,3), Hale (1,2,3), Senators Warren (1,2), Curtis (1,2),
Phipps (1,2,3), Smith (MD) (1,2,3), Jones (WA) (1,2), Newberry (1,2),
Smith (AZ) (1,2,3), Gay (1,2,3), Har- Phipps (1,2), Glass (1,2), Culberson
ris (1), Glass (2,3). (1,2), Harris (1,2).
FORTIFICATIONS DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Senators Smoot (2,3), Kenyon (2,3), Senators Phipps (2,4), Ball (4),
Hale (2,3), Spencer (2,3), Newberry Dillingham (4), Curtis (2), Jones
(2,3), Overman (2,3), Owen (2,3), (WA) (2,4), Spencer (2,4), McKinley
Culberson (2,3), Harris (2,3). (2), Glass (2,4), Owen (2), Jones (NM)
(2,4), Sheppard (4).
LEGISLATIVE, EXECUTIVE, AND
JUDICIAL INDEPENDENT OFFICES
Senators Warren (2,3), Smoot (2,3), Senators Warren (2,4), Smoot (2,4),
Kenyon (2,3), Gronna (2,3), Overman Kenyon (2), Spencer (2), Newberry
(2,3), Underwood (2), Smith (AZ) (2), Jones (WA) (4), Curtis (4), Hale
(2,3), Harris (2,3), Jones (NM) (3), (4), Overman (2,4), Owen (2,4), Jones
Spencer (3). (NM) (2), Glass (4).

141
 INTERIOR WAR DEPARTMENT
Senators Warren (2), Smoot (Chair) Senators Wadsworth, Jr. (2,4),
(4), Curtis (2,4), Hale (2), Spencer Jones (WA) (2,4), Sutherland (2,4),
(2,4), Pipps (4), McKinley (4), Lenroot (2,4), Spencer (2,4), Hitch-
Newberry (2), Overman (2), Harris cock (2,4), Harris (2,4), Owen (2,4).
(2,4), Jones (NM) (4), Owen (4). Fernald (2), McNary (2), Fletcher
LEGISLATIVE ESTABLISHMENT (2).
Senators Warren (4), Smoot (4),
Curtis (4), Spencer (4), Keyes (4),
Harris (4), Jones (NM) (4), Owen (4). SIXTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS
NAVY First session
Senators Page (2,4), Poindexter (Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in
(2,4), Hale (2,4), Newberry (2), italics)
Phipps (2,4), Keyes (4), Swanson (2,4),
Glass (2,4), Owen (2,4). DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

POST OFFICE
Senators Jones (WA), Lenroot,
McKinley, Overman, Harris, Brous-
Senators Townsend (4), Sterling (4), sard.
Phipps (4), McKinley (4), Lenroot (4), McNary, Capper, Smith.
McKellar (4), Harris (4), Jones (NM)
(4). DEFICIENCIES
RECLASSIFICATION OF SALARIES Senators Warren, Curtis, Hale,
Senators Smoot (2), Curtis (2), Phipps, Lenroot, Keyes, Overman,
McKinley (2), Lenroot (2), Overman Glass, McKeller, Bayard.
(2), Harris (2), Glass (2).
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
STATE AND JUSTICE
Senators Phipps, Jones (WA), Spen-
Senators Curtis (2,4), Warren (2,4), cer, McKinley, Glass, Jones (NM),
Smoot (2,4), Hale (2,4), Lenroot (2,4), Neely.
Overman (2,4), Jones (NM) (2,4), Ball, Capper, Sheppard.
Culberson (2,4).
Lodge, McCumber, Hitchcock. INDEPENDENT OFFICES
TREASURY Senators Warren, Smoot, Jones
Senators Warren (2,4), Curtis (2), (WA), Curtis, Hale, Overman, Glass,
Jones (WA) (2), Hale (2,4), Smoot (4), Broussard, Bayard.
McKinley (4), Keyes (4), Overman
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
(2,4), Glass (2,4), Harris, Culberson
(4). Senators Smoot, Curtis, Spencer,
Phipps, McKinley, Harris, Jones
U.S. VETERANS BUREAU HOSPITAL
(NM), McKellar, Neely.
Senators Warren (2), Jones (WA)
(2), Spencer (2), Phipps (2), Newberry LEGISLATIVE ESTABLISHMENT
(2), McKinley (2), Lenroot (2), Senators Warren, Smoot, Curtis,
Overman (2), Glass (2), Harris (2). Spencer, Keyes, Harris, Jones (NM),
YORKTOWN NATIONAL MILITARY Neely, Bayard.
PARK
DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY
Senators Warren (1), Curtis (1),
Jones (WA) (1), Newberry (1), Phipps Senators Hale, Phipps, Keyes,
(1), Glass (1), Culberson (1), Harris Glass, Jones (NM), Broussard.
(1). Ball, Pepper, Swanson.

142
 DEPARTMENTS OF STATE, JUSTICE, AGRICULTURE
COMMERCE, AND LABOR
Senators McNary (1,2), Jones (WA)
(State and Justice) (1,2), Lenroot (1,2), Capper (1,2),
Senators Curtis, Warren, Smoot, McKinley (1), Cameron (2), Overman
Hale, Lenroot, Overman, Jones (NM), (1,2), Smith (1,2), Harris (1,2),
McKellar, Neely. Kendrick (1,2).
Also on diplomatic and consular DEFICIENCIES
items: Lodge, Brandegee, Swanson.
Senators Warren (2), Curtis (2),
(Commerce and Labor) Hale (2), Phipps (2), Lenroot (2),
Senators Jones (WA), Spencer, Keyes (2), Overman (2), Glass (2),
Lenroot, McKinley, Keyes, Overman, McKellar (2), Bayard (2).
Harris, Jones (NM), Broussard.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
TREASURY AND POST OFFICE
Senators Phipps (1,2), Jones (WA)
DEPARTMENTS
(1,2), McKinley (1), Cameron (1,2),
(Treasury) Glass (1,2), Jones (NM) (1,2),
Senators Warren, Smoot, Hale, Kendrick (1,2), Bingham (2).
McKinley, Keyes, Overman, Glass, Capper (2), Weller (2), King (2).
McKellar, Broussard. INDEPENDENT OFFICES
(Post Office) Senators Warren (1,2), Smoot (1,2),
Senators Warren, Phipps, McKin- Jones (WA) (1,2), Curtis (1,2), Hale
ley, Lenroot, Harris, McKellar, Glass, (1,2), Overman (1,2), Glass (1,2),
Bayard. Broussard (1,2), Bayard (1,2).
Sterling, Moses, Dial.
INTERIOR
WAR DEPARTMENT
Senators Smoot (1), Curtis (1),
Senators Jones (WA), Spencer, Phipps (1), McKinley (1), Keyes (1),
Lenroot, Harris, Bayard, Neely. Harris (1), Jones (NM) (1), McKellar
Wadsworth, Capper, Sheppard. (1), Kendrick (1).
Also on river and harbor items:
NcNary, Fletcher. LEGISLATIVE ESTABLISHMENT
(No record of Senate Committee on Ap- Senators Warren (2), Smoot (2),
propriations subcommittees is available for Curtis (2), Keyes (2), Hale (2), Harris
the 68th Congress, 2d session.) (2), Jones (NM) (2), Bayard (2),
Kendrick (2).
SIXTY-NINTH CONGRESS NAVY

(Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in Senators Hale (1,2), Phipps (1,2),
italics) Keyes (1,2), Cameron (1,2), Glass
Note: There is no official, com- (1,2), Jones (NM) (1,2), Broussard
prehensive listing of the Senate Ap- (1,2).
propriations Subcommittees and their Pepper (1,2), Oddie (1,2), Swanson
members for this session of Congress. (1,2).
The following list was compiled from POST OFFICE
the records of the subcommittee hear-
ings during the session. Senators Warren (1,2), Phipps (1,2),
The session of the Congress for McKinley (1), Lenroot (1,2), Cameron
which it is known that the Senator (1,2), Harris (1,2), McKellar (1,2),
was a member of the subcommittee is Glass (1,2), Bayard (1,2).
indicated in parenthesis. Moses (1,2), Oddie (1,2), Ferris (1,2).
143
 STATE, JUSTICE, COMMERCE AND DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
LABOR
Senators Smoot, Curtis, Phipps,
Senators Jones (WA) (1), Smoot (1), Keyes, Oddie, Harris, McKellar,
Hale (1), Lenroot (1), McKinley (1), Kendrick, Hayden.
Keyes (1), Cameron (1), Overman (1),
Harris (1), Jones (NM) (1), McKellar LEGISLATIVE ESTABLISHMENT
(1), Broussard (1).
Borah (1), Moses (1), Swanson (1). Senators Warren, Smoot, Curtis,
Hale, Oddie, Broussard, Copeland,
TREASURY Hayden, Bratton.
Senators Warren (1,2), Smoot (1,2),
Hale (1,2), McKinley (1), Keyes (1,2), DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY
Overman (1,2), Glass (1,2), McKellar Senators Hale, Phipps, Keyes, Bing-
(1,2), Broussard (1,2).
ham, Oddie, Nye, Glass, Broussard,
WAR DEPARTMENT Copeland, Hayden, Bratton.
Senators Wadsworth, Jr. (1,2), Shortridge, Metcalf, Swanson.
Jones (WA) (1,2), Lenroot (1,2), Cam-
eron (1,2), Reed (1,2), Harris (1,2), DEPARTMENTS OF STATE, JUSTICE,
Sheppard (1), Bayard (1,2), Kendrick COMMERCE, AND LABOR
(1,2), Fletcher (2). Senators Jones, Warren, Smoot,
Fernald (1,2), McNary (1,2), Fletcher Hale, Keyes, Bingham, Nye, Over-
(1,2). man, Harris, McKellar, Broussard,
Hayden, Bratton.
SEVENTIETH CONGRESS Also on diplomatic and consular
items: Borah, Moses, Swanson.
First Session
January 14, 1928 TREASURY AND POST OFFICE
(Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in DEPARTMENTS
italics)
Senators Warren, Smoot, Curtis,
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Phipps, Keyes, Bingham, Overman,
Senators McNary (chairman), Jones, Harris, Glass, McKellar, Broussard.
Keyes, Bingham, Nye, Overman, Har- Also on post office items: Moses,
ris, Kendrick, Hayden. Dale.
Capper, Smith.
WAR DEPARTMENT
DEFICIENCIES
Senators Warren, Curtis, Hale, Senators Reed of Pennsylvania
Phipps, Keyes, Overman, Glass, (chairman), Jones, Warren, Oddie,
McKellar, Kendrick. Nye, Harris, Kendrick, McKellar,
Copeland.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Bingham, Fletcher.
Senators Phipps, Bingham, Jones, Also on river and harbor items:
Oddie, Nye, Glass, Kendrick, Cope- McNary, Fletcher.
land, Bratton.
Capper, Sackett, King.
INDEPENDENT OFFICES (No record of Senate Committee on Ap-
Senators Warren, Smoot, Jones, propriations subcommittees is available for
Curtis, Hale, Keyes, Overman, Glass, the 70th Congress, 2d session.)
Broussard, Copeland.

144
 SEVENTY-FIRST CONGRESS TREASURY AND POST OFFICE
DEPARTMENTS
First session—May 8, 1929 Senators Phipps, Warren, Smoot,
(Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in Oddie, Pine, Glenn, Overman, Harris,
italics) Glass, McKellar, Broussard.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Also on post office items: Moses,
Dale, Steck.
Senators McNary (chairman), Jones,
WAR DEPARTMENT
Keyes, Nye, Pine, Overman, Harris,
Kendrick, Hayden. Senators Reed (chairman), Jones,
Capper, Smith. Warren, Bingham, Glenn, Harris,
Kendrick, McKellar, Copeland.
DEFICIENCIES Greene, Fletcher.
Also on river and harbor items:
Senators Warren, Hale, Phipps, McNary, Burton, Fletcher.
Keyes, Bingham, Overman, Glass,
McKellar, Kendrick.
Second session—January 11, 1930
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA (Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in
Senators Bingham, Phipps, Jones, italics)
Nye, Glenn, Glass, Kendrick, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Copeland, Bratton.
Senators McNary (chairman), Jones,
Capper, Sackett, King. Keyes, Nye, Pine, Overman, Harris,
INDEPENDENT OFFICES Kendrick, Hayden.
Capper, Smith.
Senators Keyes, Warren, Smoot,
Jones, Hale, Pine, Overman, Glass, DEFICIENCIES
Broussard, Copeland, Bratton. Senators Jones, Smoot, Hale,
Phipps, Keyes, Bingham, Overman,
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Glass, McKellar, Kendrick.
Senators Smoot, Phipps, Oddie, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Nye, Pine, Harris, McKellar,
Kendrick, Hayden. Senators Bingham, Phipps, Nye,
Pine, Glenn, Glass, Kendrick, Cope-
LEGISLATIVE ESTABLISHMENT land, Bratton.
Capper, Kean, King.
Senators Warren, Smoot, Hale,
Oddie, Glenn, Broussard, Copeland, INDEPENDENT OFFICES
Hayden, Bratton. Senators Keyes, Smoot, Jones, Hale,
Pine, Steiwer, Overman, Glass,
DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY
Broussard, Copeland, Bratton.
Senators Hale, Phipps, Keyes, Bing-
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
ham, Oddie, Nye, Glass, Broussard,
Copeland, Hayden, Bratton. Senators Smoot, Jones, Phipps,
Shortridge, Metcalf, Swanson. Oddie, Nye, Pine, Harris, McKellar,
Kendrick, Hayden.
DEPARTMENTS OF STATE, JUSTICE,
LEGISLATIVE ESTABLISHMENT
COMMERCE, AND LABOR
Senators Jones, Smoot, Hale, Oddie,
Senators Jones, Smoot, Hale, Keyes, Glenn, Steiwer, Broussard, Copeland,
Bingham, Nye, Oddie, Overman, Har- Hayden, Bratton.
ris, McKellar, Broussard, Hayden,
Bratton. DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY
Also on diplomatic and consular Senators Hale, Phipps, Keyes, Bing-
items: Borah, Moses, Swanson. ham, Oddie, Nye, Steiwer, Glass,

145
Broussard, Copeland, Hayden, INDEPENDENT OFFICES
Bratton. Senators Keyes, Smoot, Jones, Hale,
Shortridge, Metcalf, Swanson. Steiwer, Bingham, Norbeck, Glass,
DEPARTMENTS OF STATE, JUSTICE, Broussard, Copeland, Kendrick,
COMMERCE, AND LABOR Byrnes, Cohen.
Senators Jones, Hale, Keyes, Bing- DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
ham, Nye, Oddie, Glenn, Overman,
Harris, McKellar, Broussard, Hayden, Senators Smoot, Jones, Oddie, Nye,
Bratton. Hale, Norbeck, Dickinson, McKellar,
Also on diplomatic and consular Kendrick, Hayden, Morrison, Bratton,
items: Borah, Moses, Swanson. Thomas.
TREASURY AND POST OFFICE LEGISLATIVE ESTABLISHMENT
DEPARTMENTS
Senators Jones, Smoot, Hale, Oddie,
Senators Phipps, Smoot, Oddie, Steiwer, Dale, Davis, Broussard,
Pine, Glenn, Steiwer, Overman, Har- Bratton, McKellar, Morrison, Thomas,
ris, Glass, McKellar, Broussard. Byrnes.
Also on post office items: Moses,
Dale, Steck. DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY

WAR DEPARTMENT Senators Hale, Keyes, Bingham,

Senators Reed (chairman), Jones, Oddie, Nye, Steiwer, Dickinson,
Bingham, Glenn, Steiwer, Harris, Glass, Broussard, Copeland, Bratton,
Kendrick, McKellar, Copeland. Thomas, Byrnes.
Greene, Fletcher. Shortridge, Metcalf, Swanson.
Also on river and harbor items: DEPARTMENTS OF STATE, JUSTICE,
Johnson, McNary, Fletcher. COMMERCE, AND LABOR
Senators Jones, Hale, Keyes, Bing-
SEVENTY-SECOND CONGRESS ham, Nye, Oddie, Davis, McKellar,
Broussard, Hayden, Bratton, Morrison,
First session—December 16, 1931 Cohen.
(Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in
italics) Also on diplomatic and consular
items: Borah, Moses, Swanson.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
TREASURY AND POST OFFICE
Senators McNary (chairman), Jones,
DEPARTMENTS
Keyes, Nye, Norbeck, Dickinson,
Kendrick, Hayden, Copeland, Morri- Senators Oddie, Smoot, Steiwer,
son, Cohen. Norbeck, Dale, Davis, Dickinson,
Capper, Smith. Glass, McKellar, Broussard, Morrison,
Thomas, Cohen.
DEFICIENCIES
Also on post office items: Moses,
Senators Jones, Smoot, Hale, Keyes, Schall, Trammell.
Bingham, Oddie, Dale, Davis, Glass,
McKellar, Kendrick, Hayden, Brous- WAR DEPARTMENT
sard, Byrnes.
Senators Reed (chairman), Jones,
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Bingham, Steiwer, Nye, Norbeck,
Senators Bingham, Nye, Steiwer, Dale, Kendrick, McKellar, Copeland,
Keyes, Dale, Davis, Dickinson, Glass, Glass, Hayden, Cohen.
Kendrick, Copeland, Bratton, Thomas, Cutting and Fletcher.
Byrnes. Also on river and harbor items:
Capper, Kean, King. Johnson, McNary, Fletcher.
146
 Second session—December 10, 1932 Also on diplomatic and consular
(Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in items: Borah, Moses, Swanson.
italics)
TREASURY AND POST OFFICE
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENTS
Senators McNary (chairman), Keyes, Senators Oddie, Smoot, Steiwer,
Nye, Norbeck, Dickinson, Grammer, Norbeck, Dale, Davis, Dickinson,
Kendrick, Hayden, Copeland, Cohen, Glass, McKellar, Broussard, Thomas,
Tydings, Russell. Cohen, Tydings, Russell.
Capper, Smith. Also on post office items: Moses,
Schall, Trammell.
DEFICIENCIES
Senators Hale, Smoot, Keyes, Bing- WAR DEPARTMENT
ham, Oddie, Dale, Davis, Dickinson, Senators Reed (chairman), Bingham,
Glass, McKellar, Kendrick, Hayden, Steiwer, Nye, Norbeck, Dale, Gram-
Broussard, Byrnes, Bratton. mer, Kendrick, McKellar, Copeland,
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Glass, Hayden, Cohen, Thomas, Rus-
sell.
Senators Bingham, Nye, Steiwer, Cutting, Fletcher.
Keyes, Dale, Davis, Grammer, Glass, Also on river and harbor items:
Kendrick, Copeland, Bratton, Thomas, Senators Johnson, McNary, Fletcher.
Byrnes.
Capper, Kean, King.
INDEPENDENT OFFICES
SEVENTY-THIRD CONGRESS
Senators Keyes, Smoot, Hale, First session—March 21, 1933
Steiwer, Bingham, Norbeck, Dickin- (Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in
son, Glass, Broussard, Copeland, italics)
Kendrick, Byrnes, Russell. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Senators Kendrick, Hayden, Cope-
Senators Smoot, Oddie, Nye, Hale, land, Tydings, Russell, Keyes, Nye,
Norbeck, Steiwer, Grammer, McKel- Norbeck, Dickinson.
lar, Kendrick, Hayden, Bratton, Smith, Wheeler, McNary.
Thomas, Tydings.
DEFICIENCIES
LEGISLATIVE ESTABLISHMENT Senators Bratton, Glass, McKellar,
Senators Hale, Smoot, Oddie, Hayden, Byrnes, Tydings, Hale,
Steiwer, Dale, Davis, Dickinson, Keyes, Dickinson.
Broussard, Bratton, McKellar, Thom-
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
as, Byrnes, Tydings.
Senators Thomas, Glass, Bratton,
DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY Copeland, Coolidge, Nye, Keyes, Dale,
Senators Shortridge (chairman), Hale, Carey.
Keyes, Bingham, Oddie, Nye, Steiwer, King, Tydings, Capper.
Glass, Broussard, Copeland, Bratton,
Thomas, Byrnes. INDEPENDENT OFFICES
Metcalf, Swanson. Senators Glass, Byrnes, Russell,
Coolidge, Adams, McCarran, Hale,
DEPARTMENTS OF STATE, JUSTICE, Steiwer, Townsend.
COMMERCE, AND LABOR
Senators Hale, Keyes, Bingham, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Nye, Oddie, Davis, Dickinson, Senators Hayden, McKellar,
McKellar, Broussard, Hayden, Kendrick, Bratton, Thomas, Adams,
Bratton, Cohen, Tydings, Russell. Nye, Norbeck, Steiwer.

147
 LEGISLATIVE ESTABLISHMENT King, Tydings, Capper.
Senators Tydings, Byrnes, Coolidge, INDEPENDENT OFFICES
Adams, McCarran, Overton, Hale, Senators Glass, Byrnes, Russell,
Dale, Townsend. Coolidge, Adams, McCarran, Hale,
DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY Steiwer, Townsend.
Senators Byrnes, Copeland, Thomas, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Coolidge, Overton, Hale, Keyes, Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thom-
Steiwer, Townsend. as, Adams, Bankhead, O’Mahoney,
Trammell, Walsh, Metcalf. Nye, Norbeck, Steiwer, Carey.
DEPARTMENTS OF STATE, JUSTICE, LEGISLATIVE ESTABLISHMENT
COMMERCE, AND LABOR
Senators Tydings, Byrnes, Coolidge,
Senators McKellar, Bratton, Adams, McCarran, Overton, Hale,
Kendrick, Russell, Adams, Hale, Nye, Townsend, Patterson.
Dickinson, Carey.
Also on diplomatic and consular DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY
items: Pittman, Robinson, Borah. Senators Byrnes, Copeland, Thomas,
TREASURY AND POST OFFICE
Coolidge, Overton, Hale, Keyes,
DEPARTMENTS
Steiwer, Townsend.
Trammell, Walsh, Metcalf.
Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings,
Russell, McCarran, Steiwer, Norbeck, DEPARTMENTS OF STATE, JUSTICE,
Dale, Dickinson. COMMERCE, AND LABOR
Also on post office items: Trammell, Senators McKellar, Russell,
Hayden, Schall. McCarran, Bankhead, O’Mahoney,
Hale, Nye, Dickinson, Carey.
WAR DEPARTMENT Also on diplomatic and consular
Senators Copeland, Kendrick, Hay- items: Pittman, Robinson, Borah.
den, Thomas, Overton, Norbeck, Dale,
TREASURY AND POST OFFICE
Townsend, Carey.
DEPARTMENTS
Sheppard, Fletcher, Reed.
Also on river and harbor items: Ste- Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings,
phens, Fletcher, McNary. McCarran, O’Mahoney, Steiwer,
Norbeck, Dickinson, Patterson.
Also on post office items: Trammell,
Second session Hayden, Schall.
(Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in WAR DEPARTMENT
italics)
Senators Copeland, Hayden, Thom-
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE as, Overton, Russell, Norbeck, Town-
Senators Russell, Hayden, Copeland, send, Carey, Patterson.
Tydings, Bankhead, Keyes, Nye, Sheppard, Fletcher, Reed.
Norbeck, Dickinson. Also on river and harbor items: Ste-
Smith, Wheeler, McNary. phens, Fletcher, McNary.
DEFICIENCIES
Senators Adams, Glass, McKellar, SEVENTY-FOURTH CONGRESS
Hayden, Byrnes, Tydings, Hale, First session—January 12, 1935
Keyes, Dickinson. (Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
italics)
Senators Thomas, Glass, Copeland, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Coolidge, Nye, Keyes, Carey, Patter- Senators Russell, Hayden, Copeland,
son. Tydings, Bankhead, O’Mahoney, Tru-

148
man, Keyes, Nye, Norbeck, Dickin- Sheppard, Fletcher, Cutting.
son. Also on river and harbor items:
Smith, Wheeler, McNary. Fletcher, Sheppard, McNary.
DEFICIENCIES
Senators Adams, Glass, McKellar, Second session
Hayden, Byrnes, Tydings, Hale, (Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in
Keyes, Dickinson. italics)
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Senators Thomas, Glass, Copeland, Senators Russell, Hayden, Copeland,
Coolidge, Overton, Truman, Nye, Tydings, Bankhead, O’Mahoney, Tru-
Keyes, Carey. man, Keyes, Nye, Norbeck, Dickin-
King, Tydings, Capper. son.
INDEPENDENT OFFICES Smith, Wheeler, McNary.
Senators Glass, Byrnes, Russell, DEFICIENCIES
Coolidge, Adams, McCarran, Hale, Senators Adams, Glass, McKellar,
Steiwer, Townsend. Hayden, Byrnes, Tydings, Hale,
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Keyes, Steiwer.
Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thom- DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
as, Adams, Bankhead, O’Mahoney, Senators Thomas, Glass, Copeland,
Nye, Norbeck, Steiwer, Carey. Coolidge, Overton, Truman, Nye,
LEGISLATIVE ESTABLISHMENT Keyes, Carey.
Senators Tydings, Byrnes, Coolidge, King, Tydings, Capper.
Adams, McCarran, Overton, Hale, INDEPENDENT OFFICES
Townsend, Carey. Senators Glass, Byrnes, Russell,
DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY Coolidge, Adams, McCarran, Hale,
Senators Byrnes, Copeland, Thomas, Steiwer, Townsend.
Coolidge, Overton, McAdoo, Hale, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Keyes, Steiwer, Townsend.
Trammell, Walsh, Metcalf. Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thom-
as, Adams, Bankhead, O’Mahoney,
DEPARTMENTS OF STATE, JUSTICE, Nye, Norbeck, Steiwer, Carey.
COMMERCE, AND LABOR
LEGISLATIVE ESTABLISHMENT
Senators McKellar, Russell, McCar-
ran, Bankhead, O’Mahoney, Truman, Senators Tydings, Byrnes, Coolidge,
Hale, Nye, Dickinson. Adams, McCarran, Overton, Hale,
Also on diplomatic and consular Townsend, Carey.
items: Pittman, Robinson, Borah. DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY
TREASURY AND POST OFFICE Senators Byrnes, Copeland, Thomas,
DEPARTMENTS Coolidge, Overton, McAdoo, Hale,
Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings, Keyes, Steiwer, Townsend.
McCarran, O’Mahoney, McAdoo, Trammell, Walsh, Metcalf.
Steiwer, Norbeck, Dickinson. DEPARTMENTS OF STATE, JUSTICE,
Also on post office items: Trammell,
COMMERCE, AND LABOR
Hayden, Schall.
Senators McKellar, Russell, McCar-
WAR DEPARTMENT ran, Bankhead, O’Mahoney, Truman,
Senators Copeland, Hayden, Thom- Hale, Nye, Dickinson.
as, Overton, Russell, McAdoo, Nor- Also on diplomatic and consular
beck, Townsend, Carey. items: Pittman, Robinson, Borah.

149
 TREASURY AND POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY
DEPARTMENTS Senators Byrnes, Copeland, Thomas,
Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings, Overton, McAdoo, Burke, Hitchcock,
McCarran, O’Mahoney, McAdoo, Green, Hale, Townsend.
Steiwer, Norbeck, Dickinson. Walsh, Tydings, Davis.
Also on post office items: Trammell, DEPARTMENTS OF STATE, JUSTICE,
Hayden, Frazier. COMMERCE, AND LABOR
WAR DEPARTMENT Senators McKellar, Russell,
Senators Copeland, Hayden, Thom- McCarran, Bankhead, O’Mahoney,
as, Overton, Russell, McAdoo, Nor- Truman, Copeland, Burke, Hale, Nye.
beck, Townsend, Carey. Also on diplomatic and consular
Sheppard, Fletcher, Dickinson. items: Pittman, Robinson, Borah.
Also on river and harbor items: TREASURY AND POST OFFICE
Fletcher, Sheppard, McNary. DEPARTMENTS
Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings,
SEVENTY-FIFTH CONGRESS McCarran, O’Mahoney, McAdoo,
Thomas, Hitchcock, Steiwer, Bridges.
First session—January 13, 1937 Also on post office items: Hayden,
(Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in Bailey, Frazier.
italics)
WAR DEPARTMENT
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Senators Copeland, Hayden, Thom-
Senators Russell, Hayden, Copeland, as, Overton, Russell, McAdoo, Tru-
Tydings, Bankhead, O’Mahoney, Tru- man, Duffy, Townsend, Bridges.
man, Duffy, Nye, Townsend. Sheppard, Black, Austin.
Smith, Wheeler, McNary. Also on river and harbor items:
Sheppard, Bailey, McNary.
DEFICIENCIES
Senators Adams, Glass, McKellar, (No record of Senate Committee on Ap-
Hayden, Byrnes, Tydings, Russell, propriations subcommittees is available for
Overton, Hale, Steiwer. the 75th Congress, 2d session.)
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Senators Thomas, Glass, Copeland, Third session—February 23, 1938
Overton, Burke, Duffy, Hitchcock, (Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in
Green, Nye, Bridges. italics)
King, Tydings, Capper.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
INDEPENDENT OFFICES
Senators Russell, Hayden, Copeland,
Senators Glass, Byrnes, Russell, Tydings, Bankhead, O’Mahoney, Tru-
Adams, McCarran, McAdoo, Truman, man, Duffy, Nye, Townsend.
Green, Hale, Steiwer, Townsend. Smith, Wheeler, McNary.
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DEFICIENCIES
Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thom- Senators Adams, Glass, McKellar,
as, Adams, Bankhead, O’Mahoney, Hayden, Byrnes, Tydings, Russell,
Burke, Green, Nye, Steiwer. Overton, Hale, Townsend.
LEGISLATIVE ESTABLISHMENT DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Senators Tydings, Byrnes, Adams, Senators Thomas, Glass, Copeland,
McCarran, Overton, Bankhead, Duffy, Overton, Burke, Duffy, Hitchcock,
Hitchcock, Hale, Bridges. Green, Nye, Bridges.

150
 King, Tydings, Capper. McCarran, Chavez, Nye, Townsend,
Holman.
INDEPENDENT OFFICES
Smith, Wheeler, McNary.
Senators Glass, Byrnes, Russell,
Adams, McCarran, McAdoo, Truman, DEFICIENCIES
Green, Hale, Townsend, Nye. Senators Adams, Glass, McKellar,
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Hayden, Byrnes, Tydings, Russell,
Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thom- Overton, Hale, Townsend, Nye.
as, Adams, Bankhead, O’Mahoney, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Burke, Green, Nye, Lodge.
Senators Overton, Glass, Thomas,
LEGISLATIVE ESTABLISHMENT Burke, Bankhead, O’Mahoney,
Senators Tydings, Byrnes, Adams, Maloney, Chavez, Nye, Bridges, Hol-
McCarran, Overton, Bankhead, Duffy, man.
Hitchcock, Hale, Bridges. King, Tydings, Capper.
DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY INDEPENDENT OFFICES
Senators Byrnes, Copeland, Thomas, Senators Glass, Byrnes, Russell,
Overton, McAdoo, Burke, Hitchcock, Adams, McCarran, Truman, Green,
Green, Hale, Lodge. McKellar, Hale, Townsend, Nye.
Walsh, Tydings, Davis.
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
DEPARTMENTS OF STATE, JUSTICE,
COMMERCE, AND LABOR Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thom-
Senators McKellar, Russell, McCar- as, Adams, Bankhead, O’Mahoney,
ran, Bankhead, O’Mahoney, Truman, Burke, Green, McCarran, Nye, Lodge,
Copeland, Burke, Hale, Lodge. Taft, Holman.
Also on diplomatic and consular
LEGISLATIVE ESTABLISHMENT
items: Pittman, Harrison, Borah.
Senators Tydings, Byrnes, Adams,
TREASURY AND POST OFFICE
Overton, Truman, Green, Maloney,
DEPARTMENTS
Chavez, Hale, Bridges, Taft.
Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings,
McCarran, O’Mahoney, McAdoo, NAVY DEPARTMENT
Thomas, Hitchcock, Bridges, Lodge. Senators Byrnes, Glass, Thomas,
Also on post office items: Hayden, Overton, Burke, Green, Tydings,
Bailey, Frazier. Maloney, Hale, Lodge, Holman.
WAR DEPARTMENT Walsh, Gerry, Davis.
Senators Copeland, Hayden, Thom- DEPARTMENTS OF STATE, JUSTICE,
as, Overton, Russell, McAdoo, Tru- COMMERCE, AND LABOR
man, Duffy, Townsend, Bridges.
Sheppard, Lewis, Austin. Senators McKellar, Russell, McCar-
Also on river and harbor items: ran, Bankhead, O’Mahoney, Truman,
Sheppard, Bailey, McNary. Burke, Byrnes, Lodge, Bridges, Taft.
Also on diplomatic and consular
items: Pittman, Harrison, Borah.
SEVENTY-SIXTH CONGRESS
TREASURY AND POST OFFICE
First session—January 13, 1939 DEPARTMENTS
(Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in
italics) Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings,
McCarran, O’Mahoney, Thomas, Hay-
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE den, Bankhead, Bridges, Lodge, Taft.
Senators Russell, Hayden, Tydings, Also on post office items: Bailey,
Bankhead, O’Mahoney, Truman, Bulow, Frazier.

151
 WAR DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENTS OF STATE, JUSTICE,
Senators Thomas, Hayden, Overton, COMMERCE, AND LABOR
Russell, Truman, Adams, Maloney, Senators McKellar, Russell, McCar-
Chavez, Townsend, Bridges, Lodge. ran, Bankhead, O’Mahoney, Truman,
Sheppard, Lewis, Austin. Burke, Byrnes, Lodge, Bridges, Taft.
Also on river and harbor items: Also on diplomatic and consular
Bailey, Sheppard, McNary. items: Pittman, Harrison, Borah.
TREASURY AND POST OFFICE
DEPARTMENTS
First session—February 10, 1939 Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings,
(Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in McCarran, O’Mahoney, Thomas, Hay-
italics) den, Bankhead, Bridges, Lodge, Taft.
Also on post office items: Bailey,
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Bulow, Frazier.
Senators Russell, Hayden, Tydings,
WAR DEPARTMENT
Bankhead, O’Mahoney, Truman,
McCarran, Chavez, Nye, Townsend, Senators Thomas, Hayden, Overton,
Holman. Russell, Truman, Adams, Maloney,
Smith, Wheeler, McNary. Chavez, Townsend, Bridges, Lodge.
Sheppard, Lewis, Austin.
DEFICIENCIES Also on river and harbor items:
Senators Adams, Glass, McKellar, Bailey, Sheppard, McNary.
Hayden, Byrnes, Tydings, Russell,
Overton, Hale, Townsend, Nye. (No record of Senate Committee on Ap-
propriations subcommittees is available for
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA the 76th Congress, 2d session.)
Senators Overton, Glass, Thomas,
Burke, Bankhead, O’Mahoney,
Maloney, Chavez, Nye, Bridges, Hol- Third session—February 14, 1940
man. (Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in
italics)
King, Tydings, Capper.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
INDEPENDENT OFFICES
Senators Russell, Hayden, Tydings,
Senators Glass, Byrnes, Russell, Bankhead, O’Mahoney, Truman,
Adams, McCarran, Truman, Green, McCarran, Chavez, Byrnes, Nye,
McKellar, Hale, Townsend, Nye. Townsend, Holman.
Smith, Wheeler, McNary.
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
DEFICIENCIES
Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thom-
as, Adams, Bankhead, O’Mahoney, Senators Adams, Glass, McKellar,
Burke, Green, McCarran, Nye, Hol- Hayden, Byrnes, Tydings, Russell,
man, Taft. Overton, Hale, Townsend, Nye.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
LEGISLATIVE ESTABLISHMENT
Senators Overton, Glass, Thomas,
Senators Tydings, Byrnes, Adams, Burke, Bankhead, O’Mahoney,
Overton, Truman, Green, Maloney, Maloney, Chavez, Nye, Bridges, Hol-
Chavez, Hale, Bridges, Taft. man.
NAVY DEPARTMENT King, Tydings, Capper.
Senators Byrnes, Glass, Thomas, INDEPENDENT OFFICES
Overton, Burke, Green, Tydings, Senators Glass, Byrnes, Russell,
Maloney, Hale, Lodge, Holman. Adams, McCarran, Truman, Green,
Walsh, Gerry, Davis. McKellar, Hale, Townsend, Nye.

152
 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Smith, Wheeler, McNary.
Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thom- DEFICIENCIES
as, Adams, Bankhead, O’Mahoney,
Burke, Green, McCarran, Nye, Hol- Senators Adams, Glass, McKellar,
man, Taft. Hayden, Byrnes, Tydings, Russell,
Overton, Thomas, Nye, Lodge, Hol-
LEGISLATIVE ESTABLISHMENT man, Brooks.
Senators Tydings, Byrnes, Adams, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Overton, Truman, Green, Maloney,
Chavez, Hale, Bridges, Taft. Senators Overton, Glass, Thomas,
Bankhead, O’Mahoney, Maloney, Cha-
NAVY DEPARTMENT vez, Nye, Holman, Gurney.
Senators Byrnes, Glass, Thomas, Reynolds, Tydings, Capper.
Overton, Burke, Green, Tydings,
INDEPENDENT OFFICES
Maloney, Hale, Lodge, Holman.
Walsh, Gerry, Davis. Senators Glass, Byrnes, Russell,
Adams, McCarran, Truman, Green,
DEPARTMENTS OF STATE, JUSTICE, McKellar, Bankhead, Nye, Bridges,
COMMERCE, AND LABOR White, Brooks.
Senators McKellar, Russell, McCar-
ran, Bankhead, O’Mahoney, Truman, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Burke, Byrnes, Lodge, Bridges, Taft. Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thom-
Also on diplomatic and consular as, Adams, Bankhead, O’Mahoney,
items: Pittman, Harrison, Johnson of Green, McCarran, Chavez, Nye, Hol-
California. man, White, Gurney.
TREASURY AND POST OFFICE LEGISLATIVE ESTABLISHMENT
DEPARTMENTS
Senators Tydings, Adams, Overton,
Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings, Truman, Green, Maloney, Chavez,
McCarran, O’Mahoney, Thomas, Hay- Bridges, White, Brooks.
den, Bankhead, Bridges, Lodge, Taft.
Also on post office items: Bailey, NAVY DEPARTMENT
Bulow, Frazier. Senators Byrnes, Glass, Thomas,
WAR DEPARTMENT
Overton, Green, Tydings, Maloney,
Lodge, Holman, Bridges.
Senators Thomas, Hayden, Overton, Walsh, Gerry, Davis.
Russell, Truman, Adams, Maloney,
Chavez, O’Mahoney, Townsend, DEPARTMENTS OF STATE, COMMERCE,
Bridges, Lodge. AND JUSTICE, AND LABOR—FED-
Sheppard, Reynolds, Austin. ERAL SECURITY
Also on river and harbor items: Senators McKellar, Russell, McCar-
Bailey, Sheppard, McNary. ran, Bankhead, Truman, Byrnes,
Maloney, Lodge, Bridges, White.
Also on diplomatic and consular
SEVENTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS items: George, Harrison, Johnson of Cali-
First session—February 3, 1941 fornia.
(Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in
TREASURY AND POST OFFICE
italics)
DEPARTMENTS
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings,
Senators Russell, Hayden, Tydings, McCarran, O’Mahoney, Hayden,
Bankhead, O’Mahoney, Truman, Green, Lodge, White, Gurney.
McCarran, Chavez, Byrnes, Nye, Hol- Also on post office items: Bailey,
man, Gurney, Brooks. Bulow, Davis.

153
 WAR DEPARTMENT Walsh, Gerry, Davis.
Senators Thomas, Hayden, Overton, DEPARTMENTS OF STATE, COMMERCE,
Russell, Truman, Adams, Maloney, JUSTICE, AND THE JUDICIARY; DE-
Chavez, O’Mahoney, Bridges, Lodge, PARTMENT OF LABOR—FEDERAL SE-
Gurney, Brooks. CURITY
Sheppard, Reynolds, Austin.
Also on river and harbor items: Senators McCarran, McKellar, Rus-
Bailey, Sheppard, McNary. sell, Bankhead, Truman, Maloney,
Mead, Lodge, Bridges, White.
Also on diplomatic and consular
Second session—January 5, 1942 items: Connally, George, Johnson of Cali-
(Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in fornia.
italics) TREASURY AND POST OFFICE
DEPARTMENTS
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Senators Russell, Hayden, Tydings, Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings,
Bankhead, O’Mahoney, Truman, McCarran, Hayden, Green, Maybank,
McCarran, Chavez, Doxey, Nye, Hol- Lodge, White, Gurney.
man, Gurney, Brooks. Also on post office items: Bailey,
Smith, Wheeler, McNary. Bulow, Davis.
WAR DEPARTMENT
DEFICIENCIES
Senators Thomas, Hayden, Overton,
Senators McKellar, Glass, Hayden, Russell, Truman, Maloney, Chavez,
Tydings, Russell, Overton, Thomas, O’Mahoney, Maybank, Bridges, Lodge,
McCarran, O’Manoney, Bankhead, Gurney, Brooks.
Nye, Lodge, Holman, Brooks.
Reynolds, Thomas, Austin.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Also on river and harbor items:
Senators O’Mahoney, Glass, Over- Bailey, Caraway, McNary.
ton, Thomas, Maloney, Chavez, Mead,
Nye, Holman, Gurney. SEVENTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS
Reynolds, Tydings, Capper.
First session—January 28, 1943
INDEPENDENT OFFICES
(Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in
Senators Glass, Russell, Truman, italics)
Green, McKellar, Bankhead, Mead,
Doxey, Maybank, Nye, Bridges, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
White, Brooks. Senators Russell, Hayden, Tydings,
Bankhead, O’Mahoney, Truman,
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
McCarran, Chavez, Nye, Holman,
Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thom- Gurney, Brooks, Reed.
as, Bankhead, O’Mahoney, Green, Smith, Wheeler, McNary
McCarran, Chavez, Doxey, Nye, Hol-
man, White, Gurney. DEFICIENCIES
Senators McKellar, Glass, Hayden,
LEGISLATIVE ESTABLISHMENT Tydings, Russell, Overton, Thomas,
Senators Tydings, Overton, Tru- McCarran, O’Mahoney, Bankhead,
man, Green, Maloney, Chavez, Doxey, Nye, Lodge, Holman, Brooks, Bridges.
Maybank, Bridges, White, Brooks.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
NAVY DEPARTMENT Senators O’Mahoney, Glass, Over-
Senators Overton, Glass, Thomas, ton, Thomas, Maloney, Chavez, Mead,
Green, Tydings, Maloney, Mead, Nye, Holman, Gurney, Burton.
Lodge, Holman, Bridges. McCarran, Tydings, Capper.
154
 INDEPENDENT OFFICES Second session—January 27, 1944
(Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in
Senators Glass, Russell, Truman, italics)
Green, McKellar, Bankhead, Mead,
Maybank, Nye, Bridges, White, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Brooks, Reed. Senators Russell, Hayden, Tydings,
Bankhead, O’Mahoney, Truman,
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR McCarran, Chavez, Nye, Holman,
Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thom- Gurney, Brooks, Reed.
as, Bankhead, O’Mahoney, Green, Smith, Wheeler, McNary.
McCarran, Chavez, Nye, Holman, DEFICIENCIES
Gurney, Reed, Burton.
Senators McKellar, Glass, Hayden,
LEGISLATIVE AND THE JUDICIARY Tydings, Russell, Overton, Thomas,
McCarran, O’Mahoney, Bankhead,
Senators Tydings, Overton, Tru- Nye, Lodge, Holman, Brooks, Bridges.
man, Green, Maloney, Chavez, May-
bank, Bridges, White, Brooks, Burton. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Senators O’Mahoney, Glass, Over-
NAVY DEPARTMENT ton, Thomas, Maloney, Chavez, Mead,
Senators Overton, Glass, Thomas, Nye, Holman, Gurney, Burton.
Green, Tydings, Maloney, Mead, McCarran, Tydings, Capper.
Lodge, Holman, Bridges, White. INDEPENDENT OFFICES
Walsh, Gerry, Davis. Senators Glass, Russell, Truman,
Green, McKellar, Bankhead, Mead,
DEPARTMENTS OF STATE, JUSTICE, Maybank, Nye, Bridges, White,
AND COMMERCE; DEPARTMENT OF Brooks, Reed.
LABOR—FEDERAL SECURITY
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Senators McCarran, McKellar, Rus- Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thom-
sell, Bankhead, Truman, Maloney, as, Bankhead, O’Mahoney, Green,
Mead, Lodge, White, Reed, Burton. McCarran, Chavez, Nye, Holman,
Also on diplomatic and consular Gurney, Burton, White.
items: Connally, George, Johnson of Cali-
fornia. LEGISLATIVE AND THE JUDICIARY
Senators Tydings, Overton, Tru-
TREASURY AND POST OFFICE man, Green, Maloney, Chavez, May-
DEPARTMENTS bank, Bridges, White, Burton, Reed.
Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings, NAVY DEPARTMENT
McCarran, Hayden, Green, Maybank, Senators Overton, Glass, Thomas,
Lodge, White, Gurney, Reed. Green, Tydings, Maloney, Mead,
Also on post office items: Bailey, Lodge, Holman, Bridges, Brooks.
Chavez, Langer. Walsh, Gerry, Davis
WAR DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENTS OF STATE, JUSTICE,
AND COMMERCE; DEPARTMENT OF
Senators Thomas, Hayden, Overton, LABOR—FEDERAL SECURITY
Russell, Truman, Maloney, Chavez,
O’Mahoney, Maybank, Bridges, Lodge, Senators McCarran, McKellar, Rus-
Gurney, Brooks, Burton. sell, Bankhead, Truman, Maloney,
Mead, Lodge, White, Reed, Burton.
Reynolds, Thomas of Utah, Austin. Also on diplomatic and consular
Also on river and harbor items: items: Connally, George, Johnson of Cali-
Bailey, Caraway, McNary. fornia.
155
 TREASURY AND POST OFFICE LEGISLATIVE AND THE JUDICIARY
DEPARTMENTS Senators Tydings, Overton, Tru-
Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings, man, Green, Maloney, Chavez,
McCarran, Hayden, Green, Maybank, Maybank, Bridges, Burton, Reed, Ball.
Lodge, White, Gurney, Reed.
NAVY DEPARTMENT
Also on post office items: Bailey,
Chavez, Langer. Senators Overton, Glass, Thomas,
Green, Tydings, Maloney, Mead, Hol-
WAR DEPARTMENT man, Bridges, Brooks, White.
Senators Thomas, Hayden, Overton, Walsh, Gerry, Davis.
Russell, Truman, Maloney, Chavez, DEPARTMENTS OF STATE, JUSTICE,
O’Mahoney, Maybank, Bridges, Lodge, AND COMMERCE; DEPARTMENT OF
Gurney, Brooks, Burton. LABOR—FEDERAL SECURITY
Reynolds, Thomas of Utah, Austin. Senators McCarran, McKellar, Rus-
Also on river and harbor items: sell, Bankhead, Truman, Maloney,
Bailey, Caraway, McNary. Mead, White, Reed, Burton, Ball.
Also on diplomatic and consular
items: Connally, George, Johnson of Cali-
Second session—April 19, 1944 fornia.
(Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in
italics) TREASURY AND POST OFFICE
DEPARTMENTS
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings,
Senators Russell, Hayden, Tydings, McCarran, Hayden, Green, Maybank,
Bankhead, O’Mahoney, Truman, White, Gurney, Reed, Ball.
McCarran, Chavez, Nye, Holman, Also on post office items: Bailey,
Gurney, Brooks, Reed. Chavez, Langer.
Smith, Wheeler, Capper.
WAR DEPARTMENT
DEFICIENCIES Senators Thomas, Hayden, Overton,
Senators McKellar, Glass, Hayden, Russell, Truman, Maloney, Chavez,
Tydings, Russell, Overton, Thomas, O’Mahoney, Maybank, Bridges,
McCarran, O’Mahoney, Bankhead, Gurney, Brooks, Burton, Ball
Nye, Holman, Brooks, Bridges, Reynolds, Thomas of Utah, Austin.
Gurney. Also on river and harbor items:
Bailey, Caraway, Vandenberg.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Senators O’Mahoney, Glass, Over-
ton, Thomas, Maloney, Chavez, Mead, SEVENTY-NINTH CONGRESS
Nye, Holman, Burton, Ball. First session—March 15, 1945
Bilbo, Tydings, Bridges. (Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in
INDEPENDENT OFFICES
italics)
Senators Glass, Russell, Truman, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Green, McKellar, Bankhead, Mead, Senators Russell, Hayden, Tydings,
Maybank, Nye, Bridges, White, Bankhead, O’Mahoney, McCarran,
Brooks, Reed. Chavez, Maybank, Gurney, Brooks,
Reed, Willis, Ferguson.
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Thomas of Oklahoma, Wheeler, Capper.
Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thom-
as, Bankhead, O’Mahoney, Green, DEFICIENCIES
McCarran, Chavez, Nye, Holman, Senators McKellar, Glass, Hayden,
Gurney, Burton, White. Tydings, Russell, Overton, Thomas,

156
McCarran, O’Mahoney, Bankhead, WAR DEPARTMENT
Brooks, Bridges, Gurney, Burton, Senators Thomas, Hayden, Overton,
Ball, Ferguson. Russell, Chavez, O’Mahoney, May-
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
bank, Mead, Gurney, Brooks, Burton,
Reed, Ferguson, Wherry.
Senators O’Mahoney, Glass, Over- Thomas of Utah, Johnson of Colorado,
ton, Thomas, Chavez, Mead, Murdock, Austin.
Burton, Ball, Willis, Ferguson, Also on river and harbor items:
Wherry. Senators Bailey, McClellan, Vandenberg.
Bilbo, Tydings, Buck.
INDEPENDENT OFFICES Second session—January 25, 1946
Senators Glass, Russell, Green, (Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in
McKellar, Bankhead, Mead, Maybank, italics)
Murdock, Bridges, White, Brooks, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Reed, Wherry. Senators Russell, Hayden, Tydings,
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Bankhead, O’Mahoney, McCarran,
Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thom- Chavez, Maybank, Gurney, Brooks,
as, Bankhead, O’Mahoney, Green, Reed, Willis, Ferguson.
Thomas of Oklahoma, Wheeler, Capper.
McCarran, Chavez, Gurney, Burton,
White, Willis, Wherry. DEFICIENCIES

LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
Senators McKellar, Glass, Hayden,
Tydings, Russell, Overton, Thomas,
Senators Tydings, Overton, Green, McCarran, O’Mahoney, Bankhead,
Chavez, Maybank, Murdoch, Bridges, Brooks, Bridges, Gurney, Ball, Fer-
Reed, Ball, Ferguson. guson, Wherry.
NAVY DEPARTMENT DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Senators Overton, Glass, Thomas, Senators O’Mahoney, Glass, Over-
Green, Tydings, Mead, McCarran, ton, Thomas, Chavez, Mead, Murdock,
Murdock, Bridges, Brooks, White, Ball, Willis, Ferguson, Wherry, Cor-
Ball, Willis. don.
Walsh, Gerry, Johnson of California. Bilbo, Tydings, Buck
DEPARTMENTS OF STATE, JUSTICE, INDEPENDENT OFFICES
AND COMMERCE, AND THE JUDICI- Senators Glass, Russell, Green,
ARY; DEPARTMENT OF LABOR— McKellar, Bankhead, Mead, Maybank,
FEDERAL SECURITY Murdock, Bridges, White, Brooks,
Senators McCarran, McKellar, Rus- Reed, Cordon.
sell, Bankhead, Mead, Tydings, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Murdock, White, Burton, Ball, Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thom-
Bridges, Wherry. as, Bankhead, O’Mahoney, Green,
Also on diplomatic and consular McCarran, Chavez, Gurney, Willis,
items: Senators Connally, George, John- Wherry, Ball, Cordon.
son of California.
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
TREASURY AND POST OFFICE
DEPARTMENTS
Senators Tydings, Overton, Green,
Chavez, Maybank, Murdock, Bridges,
Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings, Reed, Ferguson, White.
McCarran, Hayden, Green, Maybank,
White, Gurney, Reed, Willis. NAVY DEPARTMENT
Also on post office items: Senators Senators Overton, Glass, Thomas,
Bailey, Chavez, Langer. Green, Tydings, Mead, McCarran,
157
Murdock, Bridges, Brooks, White, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Ball, Willis. Senators Dworshak, Ball, Young,
Walsh, Gerry, Tobey. Knowland, O’Mahoney, McCarran,
Green.
DEPARTMENTS OF STATE, JUSTICE, Cain, Flanders, McGrath.
AND COMMERCE, AND THE JUDICI-
ARY; DEPARTMENT OF LABOR— GOVERNMENT CORPORATIONS
FEDERAL SECURITY Senators Ferguson, Reed, Wherry,
Senators McCarran, McKellar, Rus- Saltonstall, Young, Knowland,
sell, Bankhead, Mead, Tydings, Dworshak, McKellar, Overton, Rus-
Murdock, White, Ball, Bridges, sell, McCarran, Thomas.
Wherry, Cordon. INDEPENDENT OFFICES
Also on diplomatic and consular Senators Reed, Bridges, Brooks,
items: Connally, George. Cordon, Ferguson, Saltonstall, Green,
TREASURY AND POST OFFICE
Russell, McKellar, Thomas, O’Ma-
DEPARTMENTS
honey.
Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
McCarran, Hayden, Green, Maybank, Senators Wherry, Gurney, Ball,
White, Gurney, Reed, Willis. Cordon, Reed, Knowland, Dworshak,
Also on post office items: Bailey, Hayden, Thomas, O’Mahoney, McCar-
Chavez, Langer. ran, Overton.
WAR DEPARTMENT LABOR-FEDERAL SECURITY

Senators Thomas, Hayden, Overton, Senators Knowland, Gurney, Ball,

Russell, Chavez, O’Mahoney, May- Wherry, Young, Dworshak, McCarran,
bank, Mead, Gurney, Brooks, Reed, McKellar, Russell, Thomas.
Ferguson, Wherry, Cordon. LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
Thomas of Utah, Johnson of Colorado, Senators Young, Bridges, Salton-
Austin. stall, Dworshak, Overton, Tydings,
Also on river and harbor items: Green.
Bailey, McClellan, Vandenberg.
NAVY DEPARTMENT
Senators Saltonstall, Bridges,
EIGHTIETH CONGRESS Brooks, Ball, Gurney, Wherry,
Tydings, Overton, Green, Thomas,
First session O’Mahoney.
(Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in Robertson (WY), Wilson, Russell.
italics) DEPARTMENTS OF STATE, JUSTICE,
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND COMMERCE, AND THE JUDICIARY

Senators Brooks, Gurney, Reed, Fer- Senators Ball, Bridges, Wherry,

guson, Cordon, Young, Dworshak, Brooks, Ferguson, Saltonstall, McCar-
Russell, Hayden, Tydings, O’Ma- ran, McKellar, Tydings, Hayden,
honey, McCarran. Green.
Also on diplomatic and consular
Capper, Bushfield, Thomas of Okla- items: Hickenlooper, Lodge, Hatch.
homa.
TREASURY AND POST OFFICE
DEFICIENCIES
Senators Cordon, Reed, Bridges,
Senators Bridges, Brooks, Gurney, Saltonstall, Knowland, Tydings,
Ball, Ferguson, Cordon, Young, McKellar, Hayden, Green.
McKellar, Hayden, Tydings, Russell, Also on post office items: Flanders,
Overton. Ecton, Chavez.

158
 WAR DEPARTMENT LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
Senators Gurney, Brooks, Reed, Fer- Senators Young, Bridges, Salton-
guson, Wherry, Cordon, Knowland, stall, Dworshak, Overton, Tydings,
Thomas, Hayden, Overton, Russell, Green.
O’Mahoney.
Bridges, Robertson, Tydings. NAVY DEPARTMENT
Also on river and harbor items: Senators Saltonstall, Bridges,
Revercomb, Martin, O’Daniel. Brooks, Ball, Gurney, Wherry,
Tydings, Overton, Green, Thomas,
O’Mahoney.
Second session Robertson (WY), Wilson, Russell.
(Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in
italics) DEPARTMENTS OF STATE, JUSTICE,
AND COMMERCE, AND THE JUDICIARY
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Senators Brooks, Gurney, Reed, Fer- Senators Ball, Bridges, Wherry,
guson, Cordon, Young, Dworshak, Brooks, Ferguson, Saltonstall, McCar-
Russell, Hayden, Tydings, O’Ma- ran, McKellar, Tydings, Hayden,
honey, McCarran. Green.
Capper, Bushfield, Thomas of Okla- Also on diplomatic and consular
homa. items: Hickenlooper, Lodge, Hatch.
DEFICIENCIES TREASURY AND POST OFFICE

Senators Bridges, Brooks, Gurney, Senators Cordon, Reed, Bridges,

Ball, Ferguson, Cordon, Young, Saltonstall, Knowland, Tydings,
McKellar, Hayden, Tydings, Russell, McKellar, Hayden, Green.
Overton. Also on post office items: Flanders,
Ecton, Chavez.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
DEPARTMENTS OF THE ARMY AND AIR
Senators Dworshak, Ball, Young,
FORCE
Knowland, O’Mahoney, McCarran,
Green. Senators Gurney, Brooks, Reed, Fer-
Cain, Flanders, McGrath. guson, Wherry, Cordon, Knowland,
Thomas, Hayden, Overton, Russell,
GOVERNMENT CORPORATIONS O’Mahoney.
Senators Ferguson, Reed, Wherry, Bridges, Robertson, Tydings.
Saltonstall, Young, Knowland, Also on river and harbor items:
Dworshak, McKellar, Overton, Rus- Revercomb, Martin, O’Daniel.
sell, McCarran, Thomas.
INDEPENDENT OFFICES
EIGHTY-FIRST CONGRESS
Senators Reed, Bridges, Brooks,
Cordon, Ferguson, Saltonstall, Green, First session—February 17, 1949
Russell, McKellar, Thomas, O’Ma- (Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in
honey. italics)
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Senators Wherry, Gurney, Ball, Senators Russell, Hayden, O’Ma-
Cordon, Reed, Knowland, Dworshak, honey, McCarran, Chavez, Maybank,
Hayden, Thomas, O’Mahoney, McCar- Hill, Kilgore, Reed, Gurney, Fer-
ran, Overton. guson, Cordon, Young.
Thomas of Oklahoma, Ellender, Thye.
LABOR-FEDERAL SECURITY
Senators Knowland, Gurney, Ball, ARMED SERVICES
Wherry, Young, Dworshak, McCarran, Senators Thomas, Hayden, Russell,
McKellar, Russell, Thomas. O’Mahoney, Chavez, McCarran, May-

159
bank, Hill, McClellan, Robertson, First session—November 1, 1949
Gurney, Bridges, Reed, Ferguson, (Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in
Wherry, Cordon, Saltonstall. italics)
Tydings, Byrd, Morse.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
DEFICIENCIES AND ARMY CIVIL Senators Russell, Hayden, O’Ma-
FUNCTIONS honey, McCarran, Chavez, Maybank,
Senators McKellar, Hayden, Russell, Hill Kilgore, Reed, Gurney, Ferguson,
Thomas, Maybank, Ellender, McClel- Cordon, Young, Wherry.
lan, Robertson, Bridges, Gurney, Fer- Thomas of Oklahoma, Ellender, Thye.
guson, Cordon, Reed. ARMED SERVICES
Also on river and harbor items:
Chavez, Stennis, Cain. Senators Thomas, Hayden, Russell,
O’Mahoney, Chavez, McCarran, May-
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA bank, Hill, McClellan, Gurney,
Senators Hill, O’Mahoney, Kilgore, Bridges, Reed, Ferguson, Wherry,
McClellan, Young, Reed, Saltonstall. Saltonstall, Knowland.
Hunt, Frear, Schoeppel. Tydings, Byrd, Morse.
INDEPENDENT OFFICES DEFICIENCIES AND ARMY CIVIL
Senators O’Mahoney, Russell, FUNCTIONS
McKellar, Thomas, Maybank, Hill, Senators McKellar, Hayden, Russell,
Robertson, Ferguson, Bridges, Cordon, Thomas, Maybank, Ellender, McClel-
Saltonstall, Wherry. lan, Chavez, Bridges, Gurney, Fer-
guson, Cordon, Reed, Young.
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Also on river and harbor items:
Senators Hayden, Thomas, O’Ma- Stennis, Cain.
honey, McCarran, Chavez, McKellar,
Ellender, Wherry, Gurney, Cordon, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Reed, Young. Senators Hill, O’Mahoney, McClel-
lan, Maybank, Saltonstall, Wherry,
LABOR-FEDERAL SECURITY
Ferguson.
Senators Chavez, McCarran, Russell, Hunt, Frear, Dulles.
Thomas, Ellender, Hill, Ferguson,
Gurney, Wherry, Young. INDEPENDENT OFFICES
Senators O’Mahoney, Russell,
LEGISLATIVE McKellar, Thomas, Maybank, Hill,
Senators Ellender, Chavez, McKel- Ellender, Kilgore, Ferguson, Bridges,
lar, Kilgore, Bridges, Saltonstall, Cordon, Saltonstall, Wherry,
Young. Knowland.
DEPARTMENTS OF STATE, JUSTICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
AND COMMERCE, AND THE JUDICIARY Senators Hayden, Thomas, O’Ma-
Senators McCarran, McKellar, honey, McCarran, Chavez, McKellar,
Ellender, Hill, Kilgore, McClellan, Ellender, McClellan, Wherry, Gurney,
Robertson, Saltonstall, Bridges, Cordon, Reed, Young, Knowland.
Wherry, Ferguson, Gurney.
Also on diplomatic and consular LABOR-FEDERAL SECURITY
items: Green, McMahon, Hickenlooper. Senators Chavez, McCarran, Russell,
Thomas, Ellender, Hill, Kilgore,
TREASURY AND POST OFFICE
Gurney, Wherry, Young, Saltonstall,
Senators Maybank, Hayden, Kil- Knowland.
gore, McClellan, Robertson, Cordon,
Reed, Bridges, Saltonstall. LEGISLATIVE
Also on post office items: Johnston, Senators Ellender, Chavez, McKel-
O’Conor, Langer. lar, Kilgore, Bridges, Young, Cordon

160
 DEPARTMENTS OF STATE, JUSTICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
AND COMMERCE, AND THE JUDICIARY Senators Hayden, Thomas, O’Ma-
Senators McCarran, McKellar, honey, McCarran, Chavez, Ellender,
Ellender, Hill, Kilgore, McClellan, McClellan, Robertson, Wherry,
O’Mahoney, Saltonstall, Bridges, Fer- Gurney, Cordon, Young, Knowland.
guson, Young, Knowland.
Also on diplomatic and consular LABOR-FEDERAL SECURITY
items: Green, McMahon, Hickenlooper. Senators Chavez, McCarran, Russell,
TREASURY AND POST OFFICE Thomas, Hill, Kilgore, McKellar,
Robertson, Knowland, Gurney,
Senators Maybank, Hayden, Kil- Wherry, Young, Saltonstall.
gore, McClellan, McKellar, Cordon,
Reed, Bridges, Saltonstall. LEGISLATIVE
Also on post office items: Johnston, Senators Ellender, Chavez, McKel-
Long, Langer. lar, Kilgore, Bridges, Cordon,
Saltonstall.
Second session—February 7, 1950 DEPARTMENTS OF STATE, JUSTICE,
(Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in AND COMMERCE, AND THE JUDICIARY
italics)
Senators McCarran, McKellar,
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Ellender, Hill, Kilgore, McClellan,
Senators Russell, Hayden, O’Ma- O’Mahoney, Robertson, Saltonstall,
honey, McCarran, Chavez, Maybank, Bridges, Ferguson, Young, Knowland.
Hill, Kilgore, Young, Gurney, Fer- Also on diplomatic and consular
guson, Cordon, Wherry. items: Green, McMahon, Hickenlooper.
Thomas of Oklahoma, Ellender, Thye.
TREASURY AND POST OFFICE
ARMED SERVICES
Senators Maybank, Hayden, Kil-
Senators Thomas, Hayden, Russell, gore, McClellan, McKellar, Ellender,
O’Mahoney, Chavez, McCarran, May- Robertson, Cordon, Bridges,
bank, Hill, McClellan, Robertson, Saltonstall, Knowland.
Gurney, Bridges, Ferguson, Wherry, Also on post office items: Johnston,
Saltonstall, Knowland. Long, Langer.
Tydings, Byrd, Morse.
DEFICIENCIES AND ARMY CIVIL
FUNCTIONS EIGHTY-SECOND CONGRESS
Senators McKellar, Hayden, Russell, First session—May, 31, 1951
Thomas, Maybank, Ellender, McClel- (Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in
lan, Chavez, Bridges, Gurney, Fer- italics)
guson, Cordon, Young.
Also on river and harbor items: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Stennis, Chapman, Cain. Senators Russell, Hayden, O’Ma-
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA honey, McCarran, Chavez, Maybank,
Senators Hill, O’Mahoney, McClel- Wherry, Young, Ferguson, Cordon.
lan, Maybank, Ferguson, Wherry, Ellender, Hoey, Thye.
Young. ARMY CIVIL FUNCTIONS
Hunt, Frear.
Senators McKellar, Hayden, Russell,
INDEPENDENT OFFICES Ellender, McClellan, Robertson,
Senators O’Mahoney, Russell, Young, Cordon, Knowland, Thye,
McKellar, Thomas, Maybank, Hill, Ecton.
Ellender, Kilgore, Ferguson, Bridges, Also on river and harbor items:
Cordon, Saltonstall, Wherry. Holland, Stennis, Cain.

161
 ARMED SERVICES Second session—January 22, 1952
Senators O’Mahoney, Hayden, Rus- (Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in
sell, Chavez, McCarran, Maybank, italics)
Hill, McClellan, Ferguson, Bridges, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Wherry, Saltonstall, Knowland,
Young, Thye. Senators Russell, Hayden, O’Ma-
Byrd, Johnson of Texas, Morse. honey, McCarran, Chavez, Maybank,
Young, Ferguson, Cordon, McCarthy.
DEFICIENCIES Ellender, Hoey, Thye.
(To be considered by whole com-
mittee) ARMY CIVIL FUNCTIONS

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Senators McKellar, Hayden, Russell,
Ellender, McClellan, Robertson,
Senators Hill, O’Mahoney, McClel- Knowland, Young, Cordon, Thye,
lan, Ferguson, Wherry. Ecton.
Hunt, Neely, Duff. Also on river and harbor items:
INDEPENDENT OFFICES Holland, Stennis, Cain.
Senators Maybank, O’Mahoney, ARMED SERVICES
McKellar, Hill, Ellender, Robertson,
Saltonstall, Bridges, Ferguson, Cordon, Senators O’Mahoney, Hayden, Rus-
Thye. sell, Chavez, McCarran, Maybank,
Also on Atomic Energy Commis- Hill, McClellan, Ferguson, Bridges,
sion items: McMahon, Anderson, Brick- Saltonstall, Knowland, Young, Thye,
er. McCarthy.
Byrd, Johnson (TX), Morse.
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Senators Hayden, O’Mahoney, DEFICIENCIES
McCarran, Chavez, Ellender, Kilgore, (To be considered by whole com-
Cordon, Wherry, Young, Knowland, mittee)
Ecton.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
LABOR-FEDERAL SECURITY
Senators Hill, O’Mahoney, McClel-
Senators Chavez, Russell, Hill, Kil- lan, Ferguson, McCarthy.
gore, Robertson, Knowland, Thye, Hunt, Neely, Duff.
Ecton.
INDEPENDENT OFFICES
LEGISLATIVE
Senators Maybank, O’Mahoney,
Senators Ellender, Chavez, McKellar, Hill, Ellender, Robertson,
McKellar, Bridges, Saltonstall. Saltonstall, Bridges, Ferguson, Cordon,
DEPARTMENTS OF STATE, JUSTICE, Thye.
COMMERCE, AND THE JUDICIARY Also on Atomic Energy Commis-
Senators McCarran, McKellar, sion items: McMahon, Anderson, Brick-
Ellender, Hill, Kilgore, McClellan, er.
Bridges, Saltonstall, Ferguson, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Wherry.
Also on diplomatic and consular Senators Hayden, O’Mahoney,
items: Green, McMahon, Hickenlooper. McCarran, Chavez, Ellender, Kilgore,
Cordon, Young, Knowland, Ecton,
TREASURY AND POST OFFICE McCarthy.
Senators Kilgore, Maybank, McClel-
LABOR-FEDERAL SECURITY
lan, McKellar, Robertson, Ecton,
Bridges, Saltonstall. Senators Chavez, Russell, Hill, Kil-
Also on post office items: Johnston, gore, Robertson, Thye, Knowland,
Neely, Langer. Ecton.

162
 LEGISLATIVE Case, Beall, Gore.
Senators Ellender, Chavez, INDEPENDENT OFFICES
McKellar, Bridges, Saltonstall.
Senators Saltonstall, Bridges, Fer-
DEPARTMENTS OF STATE, JUSTICE, guson, Cordon, Thye, McCarthy,
COMMERCE, AND THE JUDICIARY Dworshak, Dirksen, Maybank, Hill,
Senators McCarran, McKellar, Ellender, Robertson, Kilgore, Magnu-
Ellender, Hill, Kilgore, McClellan, son.
Bridges, Saltonstall, Ferguson, McCar- Also on Atomic Energy Commis-
thy. sion items: Hickenlooper, Bricker, John-
Also on diplomatic and consular son of Colorado.
items: Green, McMahon, Hickenlooper.
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
TREASURY AND POST OFFICE
Senators Cordon, Young, Know-
Senators Kilgore, Maybank, McClel- land, Ferguson, Mundt, Smith,
lan, McKellar, Robertson, Ecton, Dworshk, Chairman Bridges ex officio,
Bridges, Saltonstall. Hayden, McCarran, Chavez, Ellender,
Also on post office items: Johnston, Kilgore, Magnuson.
Neely, Langer.
LABOR-FEDERAL SECURITY
Senators Thye, Knowland, Bridges,
EIGHTY-THIRD CONGRESS Young, Dworshak, Dirksen, Chavez,
First session—May 20, 1953 Russell, Hill, Kilgore, Robertson.
(Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in
italics) LEGISLATIVE AND JUDICIARY
Senators Mundt, Bridges, Salton-
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
stall, Smith, Ellender, Chavez,
Senators Young, Ferguson, McCar- Maybank.
thy, Mundt, Dworshak, Dirksen,
Chairman Bridges ex officio, Russell, DEPARTMENTS OF STATE, JUSTICE,
Hayden, McCarran, Chavez, Maybank. COMMERCE
Aiken, Thye, Ellender. Senators Bridges, Saltonstall, Fer-
ARMY CIVIL FUNCTIONS guson, McCarthy, Knowland, Mundt,
Smith, Dirksen, McCarran, Ellender,
Senators Knowland, Young, Cor- Hill, Kilgore, McClellan, Magnuson.
don, Thye, Mundt, Dworshak, Chair- Also on diplomatic and consular
man Bridges ex officio, Hayden, Russell, items: Smith of New Jersey, Hickenlooper,
Ellender, McClellan, Robertson. Green.
Also on river and harbor items:
Martin, Case, Holland. TREASURY AND POST OFFICE
ARMED SERVICES Senators McCarthy, Bridges, Salton-
Senators Ferguson, Bridges, Salton- stall, Cordon, Smith, Dirksen, Kil-
stall, Knowland, Young, Thye, Cor- gore, Maybank, McClellan, Robertson,
don, Smith, Hayden, Russell, Chavez, Magnuson.
McCarran, Maybank, Hill, McClellan. Also on post offce items: Carlson,
Flanders, Hendrickson, Byrd. Duff, Johnston.
DEFICIENCIES
(To be considered by whole com- Second session—January 29, 1954
mittee) (Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in
italics)
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Senators Dirksen, Ferguson, McCar- DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
thy, Thye, Chairman Bridges ex officio, Senators Young, Ferguson, McCar-
Hill, McClellan, Magnuson. thy, Mundt, Dworshak, Dirksen,

163
Chairman Bridges ex officio, Russell, DEPARTMENTS OF STATE, JUSTICE,
Hayden, McCarran, Chavez, Maybank. AND COMMERCE
Aiken, Thye, Ellender.
Senators Bridges, Saltonstall, Fer-
ARMY CIVIL FUNCTIONS guson, McCarthy, Knowland, Mundt,
Senators Knowland, Young, Cor- Smith, Dirksen, McCarran, Ellender,
don, Thye, Mundt, Dworshak, Chair- Hill, Kilgore, McClellan, Magnuson.
man Bridges ex officio, Hayden, Russell, Also on diplomatic and consular
Ellender, McClellan, Robertson. items: Smith of New Jersey, Hickenlooper,
Also on river and harbor items: Green.
Martin, Case, Holland.
TREASURY AND POST OFFICE
ARMED SERVICES
Senators McCarthy, Bridges, Salton-
Senators Ferguson, Bridges, Salton- stall, Cordon, Smith, Dirksen, Kil-
stall, Knowland, Young, Thye, Cor- gore, Maybank, McClellan, Robertson,
don, Smith, Hayden, Russell, Chavez, Magnuson.
McCarran, Maybank, Hill, McClellan.
Flanders, Hendrickson, Byrd. Also on post office items: Carlson,
Duff, Johnston.
DEFICIENCIES
(To be considered by whole com-
mittee) EIGHTY-FOURTH CONGRESS
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA First session—February 4, 1955
Senators Dirksen, Ferguson, McCar- (Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in
thy, Thye, Chairman Bridges ex officio, italics)
Hill, McClellan, Magnuson.
Case, Beall, Gore. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND
RELATED AGENCIES
INDEPENDENT OFFICES
Senators Saltonstall, Bridges, Fer- Senators Russell, Hayden, Hill,
guson, Cordon, Thye, McCarthy, Robertson, Holland, Stennis, Young,
Dworshak, Dirksen, Maybank, Hill, McCarthy, Mundt, Dworshak, Dirk-
Ellender, Robertson, Kilgore, Magnu- sen.
son. Ellender, Johnston of South Carolina,
Also on Atomic Energy Commis- Aiken.
sion items: Hickenlooper, Bricker, John- DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND
son of Colorado. RELATED AGENCIES
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Senators Holland, Ellender, Kilgore,
Senators Cordon, Young, Know- Magnuson, Stennis, Clements, Chair-
land, Ferguson, Mundt, Smith, man Hayden ex officio, Smith, Bridges,
Dworshak, Chairman Bridges ex officio, Knowland, Thye, Potter.
Hayden, McCarran, Chavez, Ellender,
Kilgore, Magnuson. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

LABOR-HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND Senators Chavez, Hayden, Russell,

WELFARE Hill, McClellan, Ellender, Robertson,
Stennis, Saltonstall, Bridges, Young,
Senators Thye, Knowland, Bridges, Knowland, Thye, Smith, Dworshak.
Young, Dworshak, Dirksen, Chavez,
Russell, Hill, Kilgore, Robertson. Byrd, Johnson (TX), Flanders.
LEGISLATIVE AND JUDICIARY DEFICIENCIES, SUPPLEMENTALS, AND
FOREIGN OPERATIONS
Senators Mundt, Bridges, Salton-
stall, Smith, Ellender, Chavez, (To be considered by whole com-
Maybank. mittee)

164
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Hayden, Ellender, Kilgore, Magnuson,
McClellan.
Senators Stennis, McClellan, Hol-
land, Chairman Hayden ex officio, Dirk- DEPARTMENTS OF STATE AND JUSTICE
sen, Young. AND THE JUDICIARY AND RELATED
Bible, Gore, Beall. AGENCIES
Senators Kilgore, Ellender, McClel-
INDEPENDENT OFFICES AND GENERAL lan, Magnuson, Hayden, Holland,
GOVERNMENT MATTERS Clements, Bridges, Saltonstall, McCar-
Senators Magnuson, Hill, Ellender, thy, Mundt, Smith, Dirksen.
Robertson, Russell, McClellan, Chair- Also on diplomatic and consular
man Hayden ex officio, Dirksen, items: Green, Mansfield, Hickenlooper.
Saltonstall, Knowland, McCarthy, Pot- DEPARTMENTS OF TREASURY AND
ter. POST OFFICES
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND Senators Robertson, Kilgore,
RELATED AGENCIES McClellan, Chavez, Clements, Chair-
man Hayden ex officio, McCarthy,
Senators Hayden, Chavez, Kilgore, Bridges, Dirksen, Potter.
Magnuson, Holland, Clements, Also on post office items: Johnston
Mundt, Young, Knowland, Thye, (SC), Pastore, Carlson.
Dworshak.
DEPARTMENTS OF LABOR AND
HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WEL-
February 7, 1955
FARE, AND RELATED AGENCIES
(Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in
italics)
Senators Hill, Chavez, Russell, Kil-
gore, Magnuson, Stennis, Chairman DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND
Hayden ex officio, Thye, Mundt, Smith, RELATED AGENCIES
Dworshak, Potter. Senators Russell, Hayden, Hill,
Robertson, Holland, Stennis, Young,
LEGISLATIVE McCarthy, Mundt, Dworshak, Dirk-
Senators Clements, Chavez, Hayden, sen.
Bridges, Saltonstall. Ellender, Johnston of South Carolina,
Aiken.
PUBLIC WORKS
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND
Senators Ellender, Hayden, Russell, RELATED AGENCIES
McClellan, Robertson, Hill, Kilgore, Senators Holland, Ellender, Kilgore,
Magnuson, Knowland, Saltonstall, Magnuson, Stennis, Clements, Chair-
Young, Thye, Mundt, Smith, man Hayden, Smith, Bridges, Know-
Dworshak. land, Thye, Potter.
Also on river and harbor items:
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
Kerr, Gore, Martin of Pennsylvania.
Also on atomic energy items: An- Senators Chavez, Hayden, Russell,
derson, Pastore, Hickenlooper. Hill, McClellan, Ellender, Robertson,
Stennis, Saltonstall, Bridges, Young,
River and harbor, and flood control: Knowland, Thye, Smith, Dworshak.
Full subcommittee.
Byrd, Johnson, Flanders.
Atomic energy-Tennessee Valley:
Senators Hill, Ellender, Robertson, DEFICIENCIES, SUPPLEMENTALS,
Hayden, Russell. FOREIGN OPERATIONS
Bureau of Reclamation and Interior (To be considered by entire com-
Power Marketing Agencies: Senators mittee)

165
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA McClellan, Knowland, Young, Thye,
Senators Stennis, McClellan, Hol- Mundt, Dworshak.
land, Chairman Hayden, Dirksen, DEPARTMENTS OF STATE AND JUSTICE
Young. AND THE JUDICIARY AND RELATED
Bible, Gore, Beall. AGENCIES

INDEPENDENT OFFICES AND GENERAL

Senators Kilgore, Ellender, McClel-
GOVERNMENT MATTERS
lan, Magnuson, Hayden, Holland,
Clements, Bridges, Saltonstall, McCar-
Senators Magnuson, Hill, Ellender, thy, Mundt, Smith, Dirksen.
Robertson, Russell, McClellan, Chair- Also on diplomatic and consular
man Hayden, Dirksen, Saltonstall, items: Green, Mansfield, Hickenlooper.
Knowland, McCarthy, Potter.
DEPARTMENTS OF TREASURY AND
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND POST OFFICE
RELATED AGENCIES Senators Robertson, Kilgore,
Senators Hayden, Chavez, Kilgore, McClellan, Chavez, Clements, Chair-
Magnuson, Holland, Clements, man Hayden, McCarthy, Bridges, Dirk-
Mundt, Young, Knowland, Thye, sen, Potter.
Dworshak. Also on post office items: Johnston,
Pastore, Carlson.
DEPARTMENTS OF LABOR, AND
HEALTH, EDUCATION, WELFARE,
AND RELATED AGENCIES June 25, 1955
(Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in
Senators Hill, Chavez, Russell, Kil- italics)
gore, Magnuson, Stennis, Chairman
Hayden, Thye, Mundt, Smith, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND
Dworshak, Potter. RELATED AGENCIES

LEGISLATIVE Senators Russell, Hayden, Hill,

Robertson, Holland, Stennis, Young,
Senators Clements, Chavez, Hayden, McCarthy, Mundt, Dworshak, Dirk-
Bridges, Saltonstall. sen.
Ellender, Johnston of South Carolina,
PUBLIC WORKS
Aiken.
Senators Ellender, Hayden, Russell,
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND
McClellan, Robertson, Hill, Kilgore,
RELATED AGENCIES
Magnuson, Knowland, Saltonstall,
Young, Thye, Mundt, Smith, Senators Holland, Ellender, Kilgore,
Dworshak. Magnuson, Stennis, Clements, Chair-
Army civil functions: Entire sub- man Hayden, Smith, Bridges,
committee. Knowland, Thye, Potter.
Also on river and harbor items: DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
Kerr, Gore, Martin (PA).
Senators Chavez, Hayden, Russell,
Atomic Energy Commission-Ten- Hill, McClellan, Ellender, Robertson,
nessee Valley Authority: Hill, Stennis, Saltonstall, Bridges, Young,
Ellender, Robertson, Hayden, Russell, Knowland, Thye, Smith, Dworshak.
Saltonstall, Knowland, Mundt, Smith. Byrd, Johnson, Flanders.
Also on atomic energy items: An-
derson, Pastore, Hickenlooper. DEFICIENCIES, SUPPLEMENTALS,
Bureau of Reclamation and Interior FOREIGN OPERATIONS
Power Marketing Agencies: Hayden, (To be considered by entire com-
Ellender, Kilgore, Magnuson, Russell, mittee)

166
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA McClellan, Knowland, Young, Thye,
Senators Stennis, McClellan, Hol- Mundt, Dworshak.
land, Chairman Hayden, Dirksen, DEPARTMENTS OF STATE AND JUSTICE
Young. AND THE JUDICIARY AND RELATED
Bible, Gore, Beall. AGENCIES

INDEPENDENT OFFICES AND GENERAL Senators Kilgore, Ellender, McClel-

GOVERNMENT MATTERS lan, Magnuson, Hayden, Holland,
Clements, Bridges, Saltonstall, McCar-
Senators Magnuson, Hill, Ellender, thy, Mundt, Smith, Dirksen.
Robertson, Russell, McClellan, Chair- Also on diplomatic and consular
man Hayden, Dirksen, Saltonstall, items: Green, Mansfield, Hickenlooper.
Knowland, McCarthy, Potter.
DEPARTMENTS OF TREASURY AND
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND POST OFFICE
RELATED AGENCIES
Senators Robertson, Kilgore,
Senators Hayden, Chavez, Kilgore, McClellan, Chavez, Clements, Chair-
Magnuson, Holland, Clements, man Hayden, McCarthy, Bridges, Dirk-
Mundt, Young, Knowland, Thye, sen, Potter.
Dworshak. Also on post office items: Johnston,
Pastore, Carlson.
DEPARTMENTS OF LABOR, AND
HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WEL-
FARE, AND RELATED AGENCIES
Second session—March 22, 1956
Senators Hill, Chavez, Russell, Kil- (Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in
gore, Magnuson, Stennis, Chairman italics)
Hayden, Thye, Mundt, Smith,
Dworshak, Potter. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND
RELATED AGENCIES
LEGISLATIVE Senators Russell, Hayden, Hill,
Senators Clements, Chavez, Hayden, Robertson, Holland, Stennis, Young,
Bridges, Saltonstall. McCarthy, Mundt, Dworshak, Dirk-
sen.
PUBLIC WORKS Ellender, Johnston (SC), Aiken.
Senators Ellender, Hayden, Russell, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND
McClellan, Robertson, Hill, Kilgore, RELATED AGENCIES
Magnuson, Knowland, Saltonstall,
Young, Thye, Mundt, Smith, Senators Holland, Ellender, Magnu-
Dworshak. son, Stennis, Johnson, Pastore, Chair-
man Hayden, Smith, Bridges, Know-
Army civil functions: Entire sub- land, Thye, Potter.
committee.
Also on river and harbor items: DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
Kerr, Gore, Martin (PA). Senators Chavez, Hayden, Russell,
Atomic Energy Commission-Ten- Hill, McClellan, Ellender, Robertson,
nessee Valley Authority: Hill, Stennis, Saltonstall, Bridges, Young,
Ellender, Robertson, Hayden, Russell, Knowland, Thye, Smith, Dworshak.
Saltonstall, Knowland, Mundt, Smith. Byrd (VA), Symington, Flanders.
Also on atomic energy items: An-
derson, Pastore, Hickenlooper. DEFICIENCIES, SUPPLEMENTALS,
FOREIGN OPERATIONS
Bureau of Reclamation and Interior
Power Marketing Agencies: Hayden, (To be considered by entire com-
Ellender, Kilgore, Magnuson, Russell, mittee)
167
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA McClellan, Holland, Knowland,
Senators Pastore, McClellan, John- Young, Thye, Mundt, Dworshak.
son, Chairman Hayden, Dirksen, DEPARTMENTS OF STATE AND JUSTICE
Young, Bridges. AND THE JUDICIARY AND RELATED
Bible, Frear, Beall. AGENCIES

INDEPENDENT OFFICES AND GENERAL Senators Johnson, Ellender, McClel-

GOVERNMENT MATTERS lan, Magnuson, Hayden, Holland, Pas-
tore, Bridges, Saltonstall, McCarthy,
Senators Magnuson, Hill, Ellender, Mundt, Smith, Dirksen.
Robertson, Russell, McClellan, Chair- Also on diplomatic and consular
man Hayden, Dirksen, Saltonstall, items: Green, Mansfield, Hickenlooper.
Knowland, Mundt, Potter, Bridges.
DEPARTMENTS OF TREASURY AND
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND POST OFFICE
RELATED AGENCIES
Senators Robertson, McClellan,
Senators Hayden, Chavez, Magnu- Chavez, Johnson, Chairman Hayden,
son, Holland, Johnson, Russell, McCarthy, Bridges, Dirksen, Potter.
Mundt, Young, Knowland, Thye, Also on post office items: Johnston,
Dworshak. Pastore, Carlson.
DEPARTMENTS OF LABOR, AND
HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WEL-
EIGHTY-FIFTH CONGRESS
FARE, AND RELATED AGENCIES
Senators Hill, Chavez, Russell, First and second sessions
Magnuson, Stennis, Pastore, Chairman (Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in
Hayden, Thye, McCarthy, Smith, italics)
Dworshak, Potter, Bridges.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND
LEGISLATIVE RELATED AGENCIES

Senators Stennis, Chavez, Hayden, Senators Russell, Hayden, Hill,

Johnson, Bridges, Saltonstall, Dirksen. Robertson, Holland, Stennis, Young,
Mundt, Dworshak, Dirksen, Ives.
PUBLIC WORKS Ellender, Johnston, Aiken.
Senators Ellender, Hayden, Russell, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND
McClellan, Robertson, Hill, Magnu- RELATED AGENCIES
son, Holland, Knowland, Saltonstall,
Young, Thye, Mundt, Smith, Senators Holland, Ellender, Magnu-
Dworshak. son, Stennis, Johnson, Pastore, Chair-
man Hayden, Smith, Bridges, Know-
Army civil functions: Entire sub- land, Thye, Potter.
committee.
Also on river and harbor items: DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
Kerr, Gore, Martin (PA). Senators Chavez, Hayden, Russell,
Atomic Energy Commission-Ten- Hill, McClellan, Ellender, Robertson,
nessee Valley Authority: Hill, Stennis, Saltonstall, Bridges, Young,
Ellender, Robertson, Hayden, Russell, Knowland, Thye, Smith, Dworshak.
Saltonstall, Knowland, Mundt, Smith. Byrd, Symington, Flanders.
Also on atomic energy items: An-
derson, Gore, Hickenlooper. DEFICIENCIES, SUPPLEMENTALS, AND
FOREIGN OPERATIONS
Bureau of Reclamation and Interior
Power Marketing Agencies: Senators (To be considered by entire com-
Hayden, Ellender, Magnuson, Russell, mittee)

168
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA lan, Holland, Knowland, Young,
Senators Pastore, McClellan, John- Thye, Mundt, Dworshak.
son, Chairman Hayden, Dirksen, Ives, DEPARTMENTS OF STATE AND JUSTICE
Bridges. AND THE JUDICIARY AND RELATED
Bible, Frear, Beall. AGENCIES

INDEPENDENT OFFICES AND GENERAL

Senators Johnson, Ellender, McClel-
GOVERNMENT MATTERS
lan, Magnuson, Hayden, Holland, Pas-
tore, Bridges, Saltonstall, Mundt,
Senators Magnuson, Hill, Ellender, Smith, Dirksen, Knowland.
Robertson, Russell, McClellan, Chair- Also on diplomatic and consular
man Hayden, Dirksen, Saltonstall, items: Fulbright, Mansfield,
Mundt, Potter, Young, Bridges. Hickenlooper.
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND DEPARTMENTS OF TREASURY AND
RELATED AGENCIES POST OFFICE

Senators Hayden, Chavez, Magnu- Senators Robertson, McClellan,

son, Holland, Johnson, Russell, Chavez, Johnson, Pastore, Chairman
Mundt, Young, Knowland, Thye, Hayden, Potter, Bridges, Dirksen, Ives.
Dworshak. Also on post office items: Johnston,
Monroney, Carlson.
DEPARTMENTS OF LABOR, AND
HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WEL-
FARE, AND RELATED AGENCIES EIGHTY-SIXTH CONGRESS
Senators Hill, Chavez, Russell, February 6, 1959
Magnuson, Stennis, Pastore, Chairman (Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in
Hayden, Thye, Smith, Dworshak, Pot- italics)
ter, Ives, Bridges.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND
LEGISLATIVE RELATED AGENCIES
Senators Stennis, Chavez, Hayden, Senators Russell, Hayden, Hill,
Johnson, Bridges, Saltonstall, Dirksen. Robertson, Holland, Stennis, Dodd,
McGee, Young, Mundt, Dworshak,
PUBLIC WORKS Hruska.
Senators Ellender, Hayden, Russell, Ellender, Johnston, Aiken.
McClellan, Robertson, Hill, Magnu- DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND
son, Holland, Knowland, Saltonstall, RELATED AGENCIES
Young, Thye, Mundt, Smith,
Dworshak. Senators Holland, Ellender, Magnu-
Army civil functions: Entire sub- son, Kefauver, Monroney, Bible, Byrd,
committee. Dodd, McGee, Chairman Hayden,
Smith, Bridges, Saltonstall, Kuchel.
Also on river and harbor items:
Kerr, Gore, Martin (PA). DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
Atomic Energy Commission-Ten- Senators Chavez, Hayden, Russell,
nessee Valley Authority: Hill, Hill, McCellan, Ellender, Robertson,
Ellender, Robertson, Hayden, Russell, Stennis, Johnson, Pastore, Saltonstall,
Saltonstall, Knowland, Mundt, Smith. Bridges, Young, Smith, Dworshak,
Also on atomic energy items: An- Mundt.
derson Gore, Hickenlooper. Byrd (VA), Symington, Case (SD).
Bureau of Reclamation and Interior Military construction: Stennis, Cha-
Power Marketing Agencies: Hayden, vez, Russell, Johnson, Saltonstall,
Ellender, Magnuson, Russell, McClel- Bridges.
169
 DEFICIENCIES, SUPPLEMENTALS, Bureau of Reclamation and Interior
FOREIGN OPERATIONS Power Marketing Agencies: Hayden,
(To be considered by entire com- Ellender, Magnuson, Russell, McClel-
mittee) lan, Holland, Mundt, Young,
Dworshak.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Senators Pastore, Hayden, Kefauver, DEPARTMENTS OF STATE AND JUSTICE
Byrd, Dodd, McGee, Young, Hruska, AND THE JUDICIARY AND RELATED
Allott, Bridges. AGENCIES
Frear, Bible, Beall. Senators Johnson, Ellender, McClel-
INDEPENDENT OFFICES AND GENERAL lan, Magnuson, Holland, Pastore,
GOVERNMENT MATTERS Kefauver, Bible, Dodd, Chairman Hay-
Senators Magnuson, Hill, Ellender, den, Bridges, Saltonstall, Mundt,
Robertson, Russell, Holland, Johnson, Smith, Dworshak.
Pastore, Monroney, Chairman Hayden, Also on diplomatic and consular
Allott, Saltonstall, Young, Smith, items: Fulbright, Mansfield,
Kuchel, Bridges. Hickenlooper.
Also on aeronautical and space ac-
tivities: Anderson, Kerr, Martin. DEPARTMENTS OF TREASURY AND
POST OFFICE
INTERIOR AND RELATED AGENCIES
Senators Robertson, McClellan,
Senators Hayden, Chavez, Johnson, Chavez, Monroney, Bible, Byrd, Dodd,
Russell, McClellan, Kefauver, Bible, McGee, Chairman Hayden, Hruska,
Byrd, McGee, Mundt, Young, Bridges, Kuchel, Allott.
Dworshak, Kuchel.
Also on post office items: Johnston,
DEPARTMENTS OF LABOR AND Yarborough, Carlson.
HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WEL-
FARE, AND RELATED AGENCIES
Senators Hill, Chavez, Russell, EIGHTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS
Magnuson, Stennis, Pastore, Mon-
roney, Bible, Byrd (WV), Chairman First session—February 27, 1961
Hayden, Kuchel, Smith, Hruska, (Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in
Allott, Bridges. italics)
LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND
Senators Stennis, Chavez, Hayden, RELATED AGENCIES
Johnson, Bridges, Saltonstall, Allott.
(Except Forest Service)
PUBLIC WORKS
Senators Russell, Hayden, Hill,
Senators Ellender, Hayden, Russell, Robertson, Holland, Stennis, McGee,
McClellan, Robertson, Hill, Magnu- Humphrey, Young, Mundt, Dwor-
son, Holland, Stennis, Kefauver, shak, Hruska, Schoeppel.
Monroney, Dworshak, Young, Mundt,
Smith, Hruska. Ellender, Johnston, Aiken.
Army civil functions: Entire sub- DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
committee.
Also on river and harbor items: (Except Civil Functions)
Kerr, McNamara, Case (SD).
Atomic Energy Commission-Ten- Senators Chavez, Hayden, Russell,
nessee Valley Authority: Hill, Hill, McClellan, Ellender, Robertson,
Ellender, Hayden, Russell, Stennis, Stennis, Pastore, Kefauver, Saltonstall,
Kefauver, Dworshak, Mundt, Smith. Bridges, Young, Smith, Dworshak,
Also on atomic energy items: An- Mundt.
derson, Gore, Hickenlooper. Byrd (VA), Symington, Case (SD).

170
 DEFICIENCIES, SUPPLEMENTALS, AND Byrd (VA), Symington, Case (SD).
FOREIGN OPERATIONS
PUBLIC WORKS
(To be considered by entire com-
mittee) Senators Ellender, Hayden, Russell,
McClellan, Robertson, Hill, Magnu-
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA son, Holland, Stennis, Kefauver,
Senators Byrd, Hayden, Kefauver, Monroney, Dworshak, Young, Mundt,
McGee, Humphrey, Schoeppel, Smith, Hruska.
Hruska, Allott, Saltonstall, Bridges. Army civil functions: Entire sub-
Smith (MA), Bible, Beall. committee.
Also on river and harbor items:
GENERAL GOVERNMENT MATTERS, DE- Kerr, McNamara, Case (SD).
PARTMENT OF COMMERCE, AND RE- Atomic Energy Commission-Ten-
LATED AGENCIES nessee Valley Authority: Hill,
Senators Holland, Ellender, Magnu- Ellender, Hayden, Russell, Stennis,
son, Kefauver, Bible, Byrd, McGee, Kefauver, Dworshak, Mundt, Smith.
Humphrey, Chairman Hayden, Smith, Also on atomic energy items: Pas-
Bridges, Saltonstall, Kuchel. tore, Gore, Hickenlooper.
Bureau of Reclamation and Interior
INDEPENDENT OFFICES Power Marketing Agencies: Hayden,
Senators Magnuson, Hill, Ellender, Ellender, Magnuson, Russell, McClel-
Robertson, Russell, Holland, Pastore, lan, Holland, Mundt, Young,
Monroney, Chairman Hayden, Allott, Dworshak.
Saltonstall, Young, Smith, Kuchel,
DEPARTMENTS OF STATE AND JUSTICE
Schoeppel, Bridges.
Also on aeronautical and space ac- AND THE JUDICIARY AND RELATED
tivities: Kerr, Anderson, Case (NJ). AGENCIES
Senators McClellan, Ellender, Mag-
DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR AND nuson, Holland, Pastore, Kefauver,
RELATED AGENCIES Bible, Stennis, Chairman Hayden,
(Except Bureau of Reclamation and Bridges, Saltonstall, Mundt, Smith,
Power Marketing Agencies) Dworshak, Hruska.
Senators Hayden, Chavez, Russell, Also on diplomatic and consular
McClellan, Kefauver, Bible, Byrd, items: Fulbright, Mansfield,
McGee, Humphrey, Mundt, Young, Hickenlooper.
Dworshak, Kuchel. DEPARTMENTS OF TREASURY AND
POST OFFICE
DEPARTMENTS OF LABOR, AND
HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WEL- Senators Robertson, McClellan,
FARE, AND RELATED AGENCIES Chavez, Monroney, Bible, Byrd,
Senators Hill, Chavez, Russell, McGee, Chairman Hayden, Hruska,
Magnuson, Stennis, Pastore, Mon- Bridges, Kuchel, Allott, Schoeppel.
roney, Bible, Byrd, Chairman Hayden, Also on post office items: Johnston,
Kuchel, Smith, Allott, Schoeppel, Yarborough, Carlson.
Bridges.
LEGISLATIVE Second session—March 1962
(Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in
Senators Pastore, Chavez, Monroney, italics)
Humphrey, Chairman Hayden, Bridges,
Saltonstall, Allott. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND
RELATED AGENCIES
MILITARY CONSTRUCTION
Senators Stennis, Chavez, Russell, (Except Forest Service)
Monroney, Chairman Hayden, Salton- Senators Russell (chairman), Hay-
stall, Bridges. den, Hill, Robertson, Holland, Sten-
171
nis, McGee, Humphrey, Young, Monroney, Bible, Byrd, Humphrey,
Mundt, Dworshak, Hruska, Case. Cotton, Smith, Allott, Case.
Ellender, Johnston, Aiken. Hayden, Saltonstall.
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE LEGISLATIVE

(Except Civil Functions and Military Senators Pastore (chairman), Chavez,

Construction) Monroney, Humphrey, Saltonstall,
Young, Kuchel.
Senators Chavez (chairman), Hay- Hayden.
den, Russell, Hill, McClellan,
Ellender, Robertson, Stennis, Pastore, MILITARY CONSTRUCTION
Kefauver, Saltonstall, Young, Smith Senators Stennis (chairman), Chavez,
(ME), Dworshak, Mundt, Allott. Russell, Monroney, Bible, Byrd,
Byrd (VA), Symington, Case (SD). Kuchel, Saltonstall, Case.
DEFICIENCIES AND SUPPLEMENTALS
Hayden, Byrd (VA), Symington, Case
(SD).
Senators Holland (chairman), Hay-
den, Russell, Chavez, Ellender, Hill, PUBLIC WORKS
McClellan, Robertson, Magnuson, Senators Ellender (chairman), Hay-
Stennis, Pastore, Byrd, Young, den, Russell, McClellan, Robertson,
Saltonstall, Mundt, Smith, Dworshak, Hill, Magnuson, Holland, Stennis,
Kuchel. Kefauver, Monroney, Dworshak,
Young, Mundt, Smith, Hruska.
FOREIGN OPERATIONS
(Army civil functions: Entire sub-
(To be considered by entire com- committee.)
mittee) Also on river and harbor items:
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Kerr, McNamara, Case (SD).
Atomic Energy Commission-Ten-
Senators Byrd (chairman), Hayden, nessee Valley Authority: Hill,
Kefauver, McGee, Humphrey, Case, Ellender, Hayden, Russell, Stennis,
Allott, Saltonstall, Cotton. Kefauver, Dworshak, Mundt, Smith.
Smith (MA), Bible, Beall. Also on atomic energy items: Pas-
INDEPENDENT OFFICES tore, Gore, Hickenlooper.
Bureau of Reclamation and Interior
Senators Magnuson (chairman), Hill, Power Marketing Agencies: Hayden,
Ellender, Robertson, Russell, Holland, Ellender, Magnuson, Russell, McClel-
Pastore, Monroney, Allott, Young, lan, Holland, Mundt, Young,
Smith, Kuchel, Hruska, Cotton. Dworshak.
Hayden, Saltonstall.
Also on aeronautical and space ac- DEPARTMENTS OF STATE, JUSTICE,
tivities: Kerr, Anderson, Case (NJ). AND COMMERCE, THE JUDICIARY,
AND RELATED AGENCIES
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND
RELATED AGENCIES Senators McClellan (chairman),
Ellender, Magnuson, Holland, Pastore,
(Except Bureau of Reclamation and Kefauver, Bible, Stennis, McGee,
Power Marketing Agencies) Smith (ME), Saltonstall, Mundt,
Senators Hayden (chairman), Cha- Dworshak, Hruska, Cotton.
vez, Russell, McClellan, Kefauver, Hayden.
Bible, Byrd, McGee, Humphrey, Also on diplomatic and consular
Mundt, Young, Dworshak, Kuchel. items: Fulbright, Mansfield, Hicken-
looper.
DEPARTMENTS OF LABOR, AND Department of Commerce and Cer-
HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WEL- tain Related Agencies: Holland,
FARE, AND RELATED AGENCIES McClellan, Ellender, Magnuson, Ke-
Senators Hill (chairman), Chavez, fauver, Bible, Smith, Saltonstall,
Russell, Magnuson, Stennis, Pastore, Mundt, Hayden.

172
DEPARTMENT OF TREASURY AND POST INDEPENDENT OFFICES
OFFICE AND EXECUTIVE OFFICE Senators Magnuson (chairman), Hill,
Senators Robertson (chairman), Ellender, Robertson, Russell, Holland,
McClellan, Chavez, Monroney, Bible, Pastore, Monroney, Stennis, Allott,
Byrd, McGee, Hruska, Kuchel, Allott, Young, Smith, Hruska, Cotton,
Cotton, Case. Saltonstall.
Hayden. Hayden.
Also on post office items: Johnston, Also on aeronautical and space ac-
Yarborough, Carlson. tivities: Anderson, Symington, Hicken-
looper.
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND
EIGHTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS RELATED AGENCIES

(Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in (Except Bureau of Reclamation and

italics) Power Marketing Agencies)
Senators Hayden (chairman), Rus-
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND
sell, McClellan, Bible, Byrd, McGee,
RELATED AGENCIES
Humphrey, Mansfield, Bartlett,
(Except Forest Service) Mundt, Young, Kuchel.
Senators Holland (chairman), Rus- DEPARTMENTS OF LABOR, AND
sell, Hayden, Hill, Robertson, Stennis, HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WEL-
McGee, Humphrey, Mansfield, Prox- FARE, AND RELATED AGENCIES
mire, Young, Mundt, Hruska, Case. Senators Hill (chairman), Russell,
Ellender, Johnston, Aiken. Magnuson, Stennis, Pastore, Bible,
Byrd, Humphrey, Holland, Bartlett,
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
Cotton, Smith, Allott, Case.
(Except Civil Functions and Military Hayden, Saltonstall.
Construction) LEGISLATIVE
Senators Russell (chairman), Hay- Senators Monroney (chairman),
den, Hill, McClellan, Ellender, Rob- Humphrey, Bartlett, Proxmire,
ertson, Stennis, Pastore, Magnuson, Saltonstall, Young, Kuchel.
Monroney, Mansfield, Saltonstall, Hayden.
Young, Smith, Mundt, Allott, Kuchel.
MILITARY CONSTRUCTION
Byrd (VA), Symington, Goldwater.
Senators Stennis (chairman), Russell,
DEFICIENCIES AND SUPPLEMENTALS Bible, Ellender, McGee, Mansfield,
Senators Pastore (chairman), Hol- Proxmire, Kuchel, Saltonstall, Hruska.
land, Hayden, Russell, Ellender, Hill, Hayden, Byrd (VA), Symington, Gold-
McClellan, Robertson, Magnuson, water.
Stennis, Byrd, Monroney, Young, PUBLIC WORKS
Saltonstall, Mundt, Smith, Kuchel, Senators Ellender (chairman), Hay-
Hruska. den, Russell, McClellan, Robertson,
FOREIGN OPERATIONS Hill, Magnuson, Holland, Stennis,
Monroney, Bible, Byrd, Pastore,
(To be considered by entire com- McGee, Hruska, Young, Mundt,
mittee) Smith, Allott, Kuchel, Cotton.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
(Army civil functions: Entire sub-
committee.)
Senators Byrd (chairman), Hayden, Also on river and harbor items:
Humphrey, Bartlett, Proxmire, Case, McNamara, Randolph, Cooper.
Cotton. Atomic Energy Commission-Ten-
Saltonstall, Bible, McIntyre, Beall. nessee Valley Authority: Hill,

173
Ellender, Hayden, Russell, Stennis, ertson, Stennis, Pastore, Magnuson,
Bible, Pastore, Hruska, Mundt, Smith, Monroney, Mansfield, Saltonstall,
Kuchel. Young, Smith, Mundt, Allott, Kuchel.
Also on atomic energy items: An- Byrd (VA), Symington, Thurmond.
derson, Gore, Hickenlooper. DEFICIENCIES AND SUPPLEMENTALS
Bureau of Reclamation and Interior
Power Marketing Agencies: Hayden, Senators Pastore (chairman), Hol-
Ellender, Magnuson, Russell, McClel- land, Hayden, Russell, Ellender, Hill,
lan, Holland, Bible, McGee, Mundt, McClellan, Robertson, Magnuson,
Young, Allott, Hruska, Kuchel. Stennis, Byrd, Monroney, Young,
Saltonstall, Mundt, Smith, Kuchel,
DEPARTMENTS OF STATE, JUSTICE, Hruska.
AND COMMERCE, THE JUDICIARY,
AND RELATED AGENCIES FOREIGN OPERATIONS

Senators McClellan (chairman), (To be considered by entire com-

Ellender, Magnuson, Holland, Pastore, mittee)
Bible, McGee, Byrd, Mansfield, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Smith, Saltonstall, Mundt, Hruska, Senators Byrd (chairman), Hayden,
Cotton, Case. Bartlett, Proxmire, Yarborough, Case,
Hayden. Cotton.
Also on diplomatic and consular Saltonstall, McIntyre, Tydings, Prouty.
items: Fulbright, Sparkman,
Hickenlooper. INDEPENDENT OFFICES

DEPARTMENTS OF TREASURY AND

Senators Magnuson (chairman), Hill,
POST OFFICE AND EXECUTIVE OFFICE
Ellender, Robertson, Russell, Holland,
Pastore, Monroney, Stennis, Allott,
Senators Robertson (chairman), Young, Smith, Hruska, Cotton,
McClellan, Monroney, Bartlett, Prox- Saltonstall.
mire, Case, Allott. Hayden.
Hayden. Also on aeronautical and space ac-
Also on post office items: Johnston, tivities: Anderson, Symington, Hicken-
Yarborough, Carlson. looper.
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND
EIGHTY-NINTH CONGRESS RELATED AGENCIES

First session—October 22, 1965 (Except Bureau of Reclamation and

(Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in Power Marketing Agencies)
italics) Senators Hayden (chairman), Rus-
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND sell, McClellan, Bible, Byrd, McGee,
RELATED AGENCIES Mansfield, Bartlett, Proxmire, Mundt,
Young, Kuchel.
(Except Forest Service)
DEPARTMENTS OF LABOR, AND
Senators Holland (chairman), Rus- HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WEL-
sell, Hayden, Hill, Robertson, Stennis, FARE, AND RELATED AGENCIES
McGee, Mansfield, Proxmire, Yar-
borough, Young, Mundt, Hruska, Senators Hill (chairman), Russell,
Case. Magnuson, Stennis, Pastore, Bible,
Ellender, Eastland, Aiken. Byrd, Holland, Bartlett, McGee, Cot-
ton, Smith, Allott, Case.
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Hayden, Saltonstall.
(Except Army Civil Functions and LEGISLATIVE
Military Construction) Senators Monroney (chairman), Bart-
Senators Russell (chairman), Hay- lett, Proxmire, Yarborough, Salton-
den, Hill, McClellan, Ellender, Rob- stall, Young, Kuchel.

174
 Hayden. Second session—September 2, 1966
MILITARY CONSTRUCTION
(Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in
italics)
Senators Stennis (chairman), Russell,
Bible, Ellender, Mansfield, Proxmire, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND
Yarborough, Kuchel, Saltonstall, RELATED AGENCIES
Hruska.
Hayden, Byrd (VA), Symington, Thur- (Except Forest Service)
mond. Senators Holland (chairman), Rus-
sell, Hayden, Hill, Robertson, Stennis,
PUBLIC WORKS
McGee, Mansfield, Proxmire, Yar-
Senators Ellender (chairman), Hay- borough, Young, Mundt, Hruska,
den, Russell, McClellan, Robertson, Case.
Hill, Magnuson, Holland, Stennis, Ellender, Eastland, Aiken.
Monroney, Bible, Byrd, Pastore,
McGee, Hruska, Young, Mundt, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
Smith, Allott, Kuchel, Cotton.
(Army civil functions: Entire sub- (Except Army Civil Functions and
committee.) Military Construction)
Also on river and harbor items: Senators Russell (chairman), Hay-
McNamara, Randolph, Cooper. den, Hill, McClellan, Ellender, Rob-
Atomic Energy Commission-Ten- ertson, Stennis, Pastore, Magnuson,
nessee Valley Authority: Hill, Monroney, Mansfield, Saltonstall,
Ellender, Hayden, Russell, Stennis, Young, Smith, Mundt, Allott, Kuchel.
Bible, Pastore, Hruska, Mundt, Smith, Symington, Jackson, Thurmond.
Kuchel.
Also on atomic energy items: An- DEFICIENCIES AND SUPPLEMENTALS
derson, Gore, Hickenlooper. Senators Pastore (chairman), Hol-
Bureau of Reclamation and Interior land, Hayden, Russell, Ellender, Hill,
Power Marketing Agencies: Hayden, McClellan, Robertson, Magnuson,
Ellender, Magnuson, Russell, McClel- Stennis, Byrd, Monroney, Young,
lan, Holland, Bible, McGee, Mundt, Saltonstall, Mundt, Smith, Kuchel,
Young, Allott, Hruska, Kuchel. Hruska.
DEPARTMENTS OF STATE, JUSTICE, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
AND COMMERCE, THE JUDICIARY,
AND RELATED AGENCIES Senators Byrd (chairman), Hayden,
Bartlett, Proxmire, Yarborough, Case,
Senators McClellan (chairman), Cotton.
Ellender, Magnuson, Holland, Pastore, Saltonstall, McIntyre, Tydings, Prouty.
Bible, McGee, Byrd, Mansfield,
Smith, Saltonstall, Mundt, Hruska, FOREIGN OPERATIONS
Cotton, Case.
Hayden. (To be considered by entire com-
Also on diplomatic and consular mittee)
items: Fulbright, Sparkman, Hicken- INDEPENDENT OFFICES
looper.
Senators Magnuson (chairman), Hill,
DEPARTMENTS OF TREASURY AND Ellender, Robertson, Russell, Holland,
POST OFFICE AND EXECUTIVE OFFICE Pastore, Monroney, Stennis, Allott,
Senators Robertson (chairman), Young, Smith, Hruska, Cotton,
McClellan, Monroney, Bartlett, Yar- Saltonstall.
borough, Case, Allott. Hayden.
Hayden. Also on aeronautical and space ac-
Also on post office items: Randolph, tivities: Anderson, Symington, Hicken-
Brewster, Carlson. looper.

175
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND lan, Holland, Bible, McGee, Mundt,
RELATED AGENCIES Young, Allott, Hruska, Kuchel.
(Except Bureau of Reclamation and DEPARTMENTS OF STATE, JUSTICE,
Power Marketing Agencies) AND COMMERCE, THE JUDICIARY,
Senators Hayden (chairman), Rus- AND RELATED AGENCIES
sell, McClellan, Bible, Byrd, McGee, Senators McClellan (chairman),
Mansfield, Bartlett, Proxmire, Mundt, Ellender, Magnuson, Holland, Pastore,
Young, Kuchel. Bible, McGee, Byrd, Mansfield,
Smith, Saltonstall, Mundt, Hruska,
DEPARTMENTS OF LABOR, AND Cotton, Case.
HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WEL- Hayden.
FARE, AND RELATED AGENCIES Also on diplomatic and consular
Senators Hill (chairman), Russell, items: Fulbright, Sparkman, Hicken-
Magnuson, Stennis, Pastore, Bible, looper.
Byrd, Holland, Bartlett, McGee, Cot-
ton, Smith, Allott, Case. DEPARTMENTS OF TREASURY AND
POST OFFICE AND EXECUTIVE OFFICE
Hayden, Saltonstall.
Senators Robertson (chairman),
LEGISLATIVE McClellan, Monroney, Bartlett, Yar-
Senators Monroney (chairman), Bart- borough, Case, Allott.
lett, Proxmire, Yarborough, Salton- Hayden.
stall, Young, Kuchel. Also on post office items: Randolph,
Hayden. Brewster, Carlson.
MILITARY CONSTRUCTION
Senators Stennis (chairman), Russell, NINETIETH CONGRESS
Bible, Ellender, Mansfield, Proxmire, First session—December 20, 1967
Yarborough, Kuchel, Saltonstall, (Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in
Hruska. italics)
Hayden, Symington, Jackson, Thur-
mond. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND
RELATED AGENCIES
PUBLIC WORKS
Senators Holland (chairman), Rus-
Senators Ellender (chairman), Hay- sell, Hayden, Hill, Stennis, McGee,
den, Russell, McClellan, Robertson, Proxmire, Yarborough, Hruska,
Hill, Magnuson, Holland, Stennis, Young, Mundt, Javits.
Monroney, Bible, Byrd, Pastore, Ellender, Eastland, Aiken.
McGee, Hruska, Young, Mundt,
Smith, Allott, Kuchel, Cotton. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
(Army civil functions: Entire sub- Senators Russell (chairman), Hay-
committee.) den, Hill, McClellan, Ellender, Sten-
Also on river and harbor items: nis, Pastore, Magnuson, Monroney,
Randolph, Young (OH), Cooper. Mansfield, Young, Smith, Mundt,
Atomic Energy Commission-Ten- Allott, Kuchel.
nessee Valley Authority: Hill, Symington, Jackson, Thurmond.
Ellender, Hayden, Russell, Stennis,
Bible, Pastore, Hruska, Mundt, Smith, DEFICIENCIES AND SUPPLEMENTALS
Kuchel. Senators Pastore (chairman), Hol-
Also on atomic energy items: An- land, Hayden, Russell, Ellender, Hill,
derson, Gore, Hickenlooper. McClellan, Magnuson, Stennis, Byrd,
Bureau of Reclamation and Interior Monroney, Bible, Bartlett, Mundt,
Power Marketing Agencies: Hayden, Young, Smith, Kuchel, Hruska,
Ellender, Magnuson, Russell, McClel- Allott.

176
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Also on river and harbor items:
Senators Byrd (chairman), Hayden, Randolph, Young (OH), Cooper.
Proxmire, Yarborough, Hruska, Javits. Atomic Energy Commission-Ten-
Morse, Spong, Morton. nessee Valley Authority: Hill,
Ellender, Hayden, Russell, Stennis,
FOREIGN OPERATIONS Bible, Pastore, Kuchel, Hruska,
(To be considered by entire com- Mundt, Smith.
mittee) Also on atomic energy items: An-
derson, Gore, Hichenlooper.
INDEPENDENT OFFICES Bureau of Reclamation and Interior
Senators Magnuson (chairman), Hill, Power Activities: Hayden, Ellender,
Ellender, Russell, Holland, Pastore, Magnuson, Russell, McClellan, Hol-
Monroney, Stennis, Mansfield, Allott, land, Bible, McGee, Mundt, Young,
Smith, Hruska, Cotton, Case, Javits. Allott, Hruska, Kuchel.
Hayden, Young (ND).
DEPARTMENTS OF STATE, JUSTICE,
Also on aeronautical and space ac-
AND COMMERCE, THE JUDICIARY,
tivities: Anderson, Symington, Hicken-
AND RELATED AGENCIES
looper.
Senators McClellan (chairman),
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND Ellender, Holland, Pastore, McGee,
RELATED AGENCIES Byrd, Mansfield, Smith, Hruska, Cot-
Senators Hayden (chairman), Rus- ton, Case, Javits.
sell, McClellan, Bible, Byrd, McGee, Hayden, Young (ND).
Bartlett, Proxmire, Mundt, Young, Also on diplomatic and consular
Kuchel. items: Fullbright, Sparkman, Hicken-
looper.
DEPARTMENTS OF LABOR, AND
HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WEL- DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
FARE, AND RELATED AGENCIES Senators Stennis (chairman), McClel-
Senators Hill (chairman), Russell, lan, Magnuson, Pastore, Monroney,
Magnuson, Stennis, Bible, Byrd, Hol- Bible, McGee, Mansfield, Bartlett,
land, Bartlett, Javits, Cotton, Case. Cotton, Mundt, Smith, Hruska,
Hayden. Allott.
Hayden, Young (ND).
LEGISLATIVE
Senators Bartlett (chairman), Prox- DEPARTMENTS OF TREASURY AND
mire, Yarborough, Kuchel, Cotton. POST OFFICE AND EXECUTIVE OFFICE
Hayden, Young (ND). Senators Monroney (chairman), Bart-
MILITARY CONSTRUCTION
lett, Yarborough, Case, allott.
Hayden.
Senators Bible (chairman), Russell, Also on post office items: Randolph,
Ellender, Mansfield, Proxmire, Yar- Brewster, Carlson.
borough, Young, Kuchel.
Hayden, Symington, Jackson, Thur-
mond. Second session—March 15, 1968
(Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in
PUBLIC WORKS
italics)
Senators Ellender (chairman), Hay-
den, Russell, McClellan, Hill, Magnu- DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND
son, Holland, Stennis, Monroney, RELATED AGENCIES
Bible, Byrd, Pastore, McGee, Kuchel, Senators Holland (chairman), Rus-
Hruska, Young, Mundt, Smith, sell, Hayden, Hill, Stennis, McGee,
Allott, Case. Proxmire, Yarborough, Hruska,
(Army civil functions: Entire sub- Young (ND), Mundt, Javits.
committee.) Ellender, Eastland, Aiken.

177
 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE MILITARY CONSTRUCTION
Senators Russell (chairman), Hay- Senators Bible (chairman), Russell,
den, Hill, McClellan, Stennis, Pastore, Ellender, Mansfield, Proxmire, Yar-
Magnuson, Monroney, Mansfield, borough, Young, Kuchel.
Young (ND), Smith, Mundt, Allott, Hayden, Symington, Jackson, Thur-
Kuchel. mond.
Symington, Jackson, Thurmond. PUBLIC WORKS
DEFICIENCIES AND SUPPLEMENTALS Senators Ellender (chairman), Hay-
Senators Pastore, (chairman), Hol- den, Russell, McClellan, Hill, Magnu-
land, Hayden, Russell, Ellender, Hill, son, Holland, Stennis, Monroney,
McClellan, Magnuson, Stennis, Byrd, Bible, Byrd, Pastore, McGee, Kuchel,
Monroney, Bible, Bartlett, Mundt, Hruska, Young, Mundt, Smith,
Young, Smith, Kuchel, Hruska, Allott, Case.
Allott. (Army civil functions: Entire sub-
committee.)
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Also on river and harbor items:
Senators Byrd (chairman), Hayden, Randolph, Young (OH), Cooper.
Proxmire, Yarborough, Hruska, Javits. Atomic Energy Commission-Ten-
Morse, Spong, Morton. nessee Valley Authority: Hill,
Ellender, Hayden, Russell, Stennis,
FOREIGN OPERATIONS Bible, Pastore, Kuchel, Hruska,
(To be considered by entire com- Mundt, Smith.
mittee) Also on atomic energy items: An-
derson, Gore, Hichenlooper.
INDEPENDENT OFFICES Bureau of Reclamation and Interior
Senators Magnuson (chairman), Hill, Power Activities: Hayden, Ellender,
Ellender, Russell, Holland, Pastore, Magnuson, Russell, McClellan, Hol-
Monroney, Stennis, Mansfield, Allott, land, Bible, McGee, Mundt, Young,
Smith, Hruska, Cotton, Case, Javits. Allott, Hruska, Kuchel.
Hayden, Young (ND). DEPARTMENTS OF STATE, JUSTICE,
Also on aeronautical and space ac- AND COMMERCE, THE JUDICIARY,
tivities: Anderson, Symington, Hicken- AND RELATED AGENCIES
looper. Senators McClellan (chairman),
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND Ellender, Holland, Pastore, McGee,
RELATED AGENCIES Mansfield, Bartlett, Smith, Hruska,
Cotton, Case, Javits.
Senators Hayden (chairman), Rus- Hayden, Young (ND).
sell, McClellan, Bible, Byrd, McGee, Also on diplomatic and consular
Bartlett, Proxmire, Mundt, Young, items: Fullbright, Sparkman, Hicken-
Kuchel. looper.
DEPARTMENTS OF LABOR, AND DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WEL-
FARE, AND RELATED AGENCIES
Senators Stennis (chairman), McClel-
lan, Magnuson, Pastore, Monroney,
Senators Hill (chairman), Russell, Bible, McGee, Mansfield, Bartlett,
Magnuson, Stennis, Bible, Byrd, Hol- Cotton, Mundt, Smith, Hruska,
land, Bartlett, Javits, Cotton, Case. Allott.
Hayden. Hayden, Young (ND).
LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENTS OF TREASURY AND
Senators Bartlett (chairman), Prox- POST OFFICE AND EXECUTIVE OFFICE
mire, Yarborough, Kuchel, Cotton. Senators Monroney (chairman), Yar-
Hayden, Young (ND). borough, Byrd, Case, allott.

178
 Hayden. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND
Also on post office items: Randolph, RELATED AGENCIES
Brewster, Carlson. Senators Bible (chairman), McClel-
lan, Byrd, McGee, Proxmire, Montoya,
Mundt, Young, Boggs, Fong.
NINETY-FIRST CONGRESS
Russell.
First and second sessions
DEPARTMENTS OF LABOR, AND
(Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in
HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WEL-
italics)
FARE, AND RELATED AGENCIES
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND Senators Magnuson (chairman), Rus-
RELATED AGENCIES sell, Stennis, Bible, Byrd, Holland,
Senators Holland (chairman), Rus- Cotton, Case, Fong, Boggs.
sell, Stennis, McGee, Proxmire, Yar- Young (ND).
borough, Byrd, Hruska, Young,
Mundt, Fong, Boggs. LEGISLATIVE
Ellender, Eastland, Aiken. Senators Montoya (chairman), Prox-
mire, Yarborough, Pearson, Cotton.
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
Russell, Young (ND).
Senators Russell (chairman), McClel-
lan, Ellender, Stennis, Pastore, Mag- MILITARY CONSTRUCTION
nuson, Mansfield, Young, Smith, Senators Mansfield (chairman),
Mundt, Allott, Hruska. Bible, Proxmire, Yarborough, Boggs,
Symington, Jackson, Thurmond. Pearson, Fong.
Central Intelligence Agency: Rus- Russell, Young (ND), Symington,
sell, McClellan, Ellender, Young, Cannon, Goldwater.
Mundt.
PUBLIC WORKS
DEFICIENCIES AND SUPPLEMENTALS
Senators Ellender (chairman), Rus-
Senators Byrd (chairman), Pastore, sell, McClellan, Magnuson, Holland,
Holland, Ellender, McClellan, Magnu- Stennis, Bible, Byrd, Pastore, McGee,
son, Stennis, Mundt, Young, Smith, Young, Hruska, Mundt, Smith,
Hruska, Allott. Allott, Case, Cotton.
Russell. Also on river and harbor items:
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Randolph, Young (OH), Cooper.
Senators Proxmire (chairman), Yar- Also on atomic energy items: An-
borough, Montoya, Pearson, Young. derson, Gore, Aiken.
Russell, Eagleton, Spong, Mathias. DEPARTMENTS OF STATE, JUSTICE,
FOREIGN OPERATIONS AND COMMERCE, THE JUDICIARY,
AND RELATED AGENCIES
Senators McGee (chairman),
Ellender, McClellan, Holland, Mon- Senators McClellan (chairman),
toya, Fong, Cotton, Pearson. Ellender, Pastore, Mansfield, Smith,
Russell, Young (ND). Hruska, Case.
Russell, Young (ND).
INDEPENDENT OFFICES Also on diplomatic and consular
Senators Pastore (chairman), Magnu- items: Fulbright, Sparkman, Aiken.
son, Ellender, Russell, Holland, Sten-
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
nis, Mansfield, Allott, Smith, Hruska,
Cotton, Case. Senators Stennis (chairman), Magnu-
Young (ND). son, Pastore, Bible, McGee, Mansfield,
Also on aeronautical and space ac- Case, Mundt, Smith, Allott, Pearson.
tivities: Anderson, Symington, Curtis. Russell, Young (ND).

179
 DEPARTMENTS OF TREASURY AND INTERIOR
POST OFFICE AND EXECUTIVE OFFICE
Senators Bible (chairman), McClel-
Senators Yarborough (chairman), lan, Byrd, McGee, Montoya, Inouye,
Byrd, Montoya, Boggs, Allott. Percy, Mundt, Young, Boggs, Fong.
Russell, Young (ND). LABOR, AND HEALTH, EDUCATION,
Also on post office items: McGee, AND WELFARE, AND RELATED
Randolph, Fong. AGENCIES
Senators Magnuson (chairman),
Stennis, Bible, Byrd, Proxmire, Mon-
NINETY-SECOND CONGRESS toya, Hollings, Cotton, Case, Fong,
Boggs, Percy, Brooke.
First session—April 22, 1971
(Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in LEGISLATIVE
italics) Senators Hollings (chairman),
Ellender, Inouye, Cotton, Brooke.
AGRICULTURE, ENVIRONMENTAL AND
CONSUMER PROTECTION MILITARY CONSTRUCTION

Senators McGee (chairman), Stennis, Senators Mansfield (chairman), Prox-

Proxmire, Byrd, Mansfield, Inouye, mire, Montoya, Hollings, Brooke,
Hruska, Young, Mundt, Fong, Boggs. Boggs, Percy.
Talmadge, Eastland, Miller. Symington, Cannon, Tower.
PUBLIC WORKS
DEFENSE
Senators Stennis (chairman),
Senators Ellender (chairman), Ellender, McClellan, Magnuson, Bible,
McClellan, Stennis, Pastore, Magnu- Byrd, Pastore, McGee, Mundt, Young,
son, Mansfield, Bible, Young, Smith, Hruska, Smith, Allott, Case, Cotton.
Allott, Hruska, Cotton, Case.
Also on river and harbor items:
Symington, Jackson, Thurmond. Randolph, Muskie, Cooper.
Intelligence operations: Ellender, Also on atomic energy items: An-
McClellan, Stennis, Young, Smith. derson, Jackson, Aiken.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA STATE, JUSTICE, AND COMMERCE, THE
JUDICIARY, AND RELATED AGENCIES
Senators Inouye (chairman), Mon-
toya, Hollings, Percy, Boggs. Senators McClellan (chairman),
Eagleton, Stevenson, Mathias. Ellender, Pastore, Mansfield, Hollings,
Smith, Hruska, Fong, Brooke.
FOREIGN OPERATIONS Also on diplomatic and consular
Items: Fulbright, Sparkman, Aiken.
Senators Proxmire (chairman),
McGee, Ellender, McClellan, Fong, TRANSPORTATION
Cotton, Brooke. Senators Byrd (chairman), Stennis,
HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT,
Magnuson, Pastore, Bible, Proxmire,
SPACE, SCIENCE
Case, Mundt, Smith, Allott, Percy.

Senators Pastore (chairman), Magnu- TREASURY AND POST OFFICE AND

son, Ellender, Stennis, Mansfield, GENERAL GOVERNMENT
McGee, Allott, Smith, Hruska, Case, Senators Montoya (chairman),
Percy. Ellender, Inouye, Boggs, Allott.
Also on aeronautical and space ac- Also on post office items: McGee,
tivities: Anderson, Symington, Curtis. Randolph, Fong.
180
 Second session—January 2, 1972 MILITARY CONSTRUCTION
(Ex officio committeemen’s names appear in Senators Mansfield (chairman), Prox-
italics) mire, Montoya, Hollings, Brooke,
AGRICULTURE, ENVIRONMENTAL AND Boggs, Stevens.
CONSUMER PROTECTION Symington, Cannon, Tower.
Senators McGee (chairman), Stennis, PUBLIC WORKS, AEC
Proxmire, Byrd, Inouye, Bayh,
Hruska, Young, Fong, Boggs, Hat- Senators Stennis (chairman), McClel-
field. lan, Magnuson, Bible, Byrd, Pastore,
Talmadge, Eastland, Miller. McGee, Montoya, Hatfield, Young,
Hruska, Smith, Allott, Case, Cotton.
DEFENSE
Also on river and harbor items:
Senators McClellan (chairman), Sten- Randolph, Muskie, Cooper.
nis, Pastore, Magnuson, Mansfield, Also on atomic energy items: An-
Bible, McGee, Young, Smith, Allott, derson, Jackson, Aiken.
Hruska, Cotton, Case.
Symington, Jackson, Thurmond. STATE, JUSTICE, AND COMMERCE, THE
Intelligence operations: McClellan, JUDICIARY, AND RELATED AGENCIES
Stennis, Pastore, Young, Smith. Senators Pastore (chairman), McClel-
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA lan, Mansfield, Hollings, Magnuson,
Senators Bayh (chairman), Inouye, Smith, Hruska, Fong, Brooke.
Hollings, Hatfield, Stevens. Also on diplomatic and consular
Eagleton, Stevenson, Mathias. items: Fulbright, Sparkman, Aiken.
FOREIGN OPERATIONS TRANSPORTATION
Senators Inouye (chairman), Prox- Senators Byrd (chairman), Stennis,
mire, McGee, McClellan, Fong, Magnuson, Pastore, Bible, Mansfield,
Brooke, Hatfield. Case, Smith, Allott, Cotton, Stevens.
HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT, TREASURY, U.S. POSTAL SERVICE, AND
SPACE, SCIENCE, AND VETERANS GENERAL GOVERNMENT
Senators Proxmire (chairman), Pas- Senators Montoya (chairman),
tore, Stennis, Mansfield, Inouye, Bayh, McClellan, Bayh, Boggs, Allott.
Allott, Smith, Hruska, Case, Fong. Also on post office items: McGee,
Also on aeronautical and space ac- Randolph, Fong.
tivities: Anderson, Symington, Curtis.
INTERIOR
Senators Bible (chairman), McClel- NINETY-THIRD CONGRESS
lan, Byrd, McGee, Montoya, Inouye, First session—June 1, 1973
Stevens, Young, Boggs, Hruska, Hat-
field. (The names of ex officio members appear
in italics. Senator McClellan, as chairman
LABOR, AND HEALTH, EDUCATION, of the committee, and Senator Young, as
AND WELFARE, AND RELATED ranking minority member, are ex officio
AGENCIES members of all subcommittees of which they
Senators Magnuson (chairman), are not regular members.)
Stennis, Bible, Byrd, Proxmire, Mon- AGRICULTURE, ENVIRONMENTAL AND
toya, Hollings, Cotton, Case, Fong, CONSUMER PROTECTION
Boggs, Brooke, Stevens.
Senators McGee (chairman), Stennis,
LEGISLATIVE Proxmire, Byrd, Inouye, Bayh, Hol-
Senators Hollings (chairman), lings, Eagleton, Fong, Hruska, Young,
McClellan, Bayh, Cotton, Brooke. Hatfield, Bellmon.

181
 DEFENSE STATE, JUSTICE, AND COMMERCE, THE
Senators McClellan (chairman), Sten- JUDICIARY, AND RELATED AGENCIES
nis, Pastore, Magnuson, Mansfield, Senators Pastore (chairman), McClel-
Bible, McGee, Young, Hruska, Cot- lan, Mansfield, Hollings, Magnuson,
ton, Case, Fong, Brooke. Eagleton, Hruska, Fong, Brooke, Cot-
Intelligence operations: McClellan ton.
(chairman), Stennis, Pastore, Young, TRANSPORTATION
Hruska.
Senators Byrd (chairman), Stennis,
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Magnuson, Pastore, Bible, Mansfield,
Senators Bayh (chairman), Inouye, Case, Cotton, Stevens, Mathias,
Chiles, Mathias, Bellmon. Schweiker.
FOREIGN OPERATIONS TREASURY, U.S. POSTAL SERVICE, AND
GENERAL GOVERNMENT
Senators Inouye (chairman), McGee,
McClellan, Chiles, Brooke, Hatfield, Senators Montoya (chairman), Bayh,
Mathias. Eagleton, Chiles, Bellmon, Hatfield.
HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT,
SPACE, SCIENCE, AND VETERANS Second session—July 26, 1974
Senators Proxmire (chairman), Pas- (The names of ex officio members appear
tore, Stennis, Mansfield, Inouye, Bayh, in italics. Senator McClellan, as chairman
Chiles, Mathias, Case, Fong, Brooke, of the committee, and Senator Young, as
Stevens. ranking minority member, are ex officio
members of all subcommittees of which they
INTERIOR are not regular members.)
Senators Bible (chairman), McClel- AGRICULTURE, ENVIRONMENTAL AND
lan, Byrd, McGee, Montoya, Inouye, CONSUMER PROTECTION
Chiles, Stevens, Young, Hruska, Hat-
field, Bellmon. Senators McGee (chairman), Stennis,
Proxmire, Byrd, Inouye, Bayh, Hol-
LABOR, AND HEALTH, EDUCATION, lings, Eagleton, Fong, Hruska, Young,
AND WELFARE, AND RELATED Hatfield, Bellmon.
AGENCIES
DEFENSE
Senators Magnuson (chairman), Senators McClellan (chairman), Sten-
Stennis, Bible, Byrd, Proxmire, Mon- nis, Pastore, Magnuson, Mansfield,
toya, Hollings, Eagleton, Cotton, Bible, McGee, Young, Hruska, Cot-
Case, Fong, Brooke, Stevens, ton, Case, Fong, Brooke.
Schweiker. Intelligence operations: McClellan
LEGISLATIVE (chairman), Stennis, Pastore, Young,
Senators Hollings (chairman), Bayh, Hruska.
Eagleton, Cotton, Schweiker. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

MILITARY CONSTRUCTION Senators Bayh (chairman), Inouye,

Chiles, Mathias, Bellmon.
Senators Mansfield (chairman), Prox-
mire, Montoya, Hollings, Schweiker, FOREIGN OPERATIONS
Mathias, Bellmon. Senators Inouye (chairman), Prox-
PUBLIC WORKS, AEC
mire, McGee, McClellan, Chiles,
Brooke, Hatfield, Mathias.
Senators Stennis (chairman), McClel-
lan, Magnuson, Bible, Byrd, Pastore, HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT,
McGee, Montoya, Hatfield, Young, SPACE, SCIENCE, AND VETERANS
Hruska, Case, Stevens, Schweiker, Senators Proxmire (chairman), Pas-
Bellmon. tore, Stennis, Mansfield, Inouye, Bayh,

182
Chiles, Mathias, Case, Fong, Brooke, of the committee, and Senator Young, as
Stevens. ranking minority member, are ex officio
members of all subcommittees of which they
INTERIOR
are not regular members.)
Senators Bible (chairman), McClel-
lan, Byrd, McGee, Montoya, Inouye, AGRICULTURE AND RELATED
Chiles, Stevens, Young, Hruska, Hat- AGENCIES
field, Bellmon. Senators McGee (chairman), Stennis,
LABOR, AND HEALTH, EDUCATION,
Proxmire, Byrd, Inouye, Bayh, Eagle-
AND WELFARE, AND RELATED
ton, Chiles, Fong, Hruska, Young,
AGENCIES
Hatfield, Bellmon.
Talmadge, Eastland, Dole.
Senators Magnuson (chairman),
Stennis, Bible, Byrd, Proxmire, Mon- DEFENSE
toya, Hollings, Eagleton, Cotton, Senators McClellan (chairman), Sten-
Case, Fong, Brooke, Stevens, nis, Pastore, Magnuson, Mansfield,
Schweiker. McGee, Proxmire, Montoya, Inouye,
LEGISLATIVE Young, Hruska, Case, Fong, Stevens,
Schweiker.
Senators Hollings (chairman), Bayh, Symington, Jackson, Thurmond.
Eagleton, Cotton, Schweiker. Intelligence operations: McClellan
MILITARY CONSTRUCTION (chairman), Stennis, Pastore, Young,
Senators Mansfield (chairman), Prox- Hruska.
mire, Montoya, Hollings, Schweiker, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Mathias, Bellmon. Senators Chiles (chairman), John-
PUBLIC WORKS, AEC ston, Huddleston, Mathias, Schweiker.
Senators Stennis (chairman), McClel- Eagleton, Inouye, Bartlett.
lan, Magnuson, Bible, Byrd, Pastore, FOREIGN OPERATIONS
McGee, Montoya, Hatfield, Young,
Hruska, Case, Stevens, Schweiker, Senators Inouye (chairman), Prox-
Bellmon. mire, McGee, Chiles, Johnston,
Brooke, Hatfield, Mathias.
STATE, JUSTICE, AND COMMERCE, THE
JUDICIARY, AND RELATED AGENCIES HUD-INDEPENDENT AGENCIES

Senators Pastore (chairman), McClel- Senators Proxmire (chairman), Pas-

lan, Mansfield, Hollings, Magnuson, tore, Stennis, Mansfield, Bayh, Chiles,
Eagleton, Hruska, Fong, Brooke, Cot- Johnston, Huddleston, Mathias, Case,
ton. Fong, Brooke, Bellmon.
Also on aeronautical and space ac-
TRANSPORTATION tivities: Moss, Symington, Goldwater.
Senators Byrd (chairman), Stennis,
INTERIOR
Magnuson, Pastore, Bible, Mansfield,
Case, Cotton, Stevens, Mathias, Senators Byrd (chairman), McClel-
Schweiker. lan, McGee, Montoya, Inouye, Chiles,
Mansfield, Hollings, Stevens, Young,
TREASURY, U.S. POSTAL SERVICE, AND Hruska, Hatfield, Bellmon.
GENERAL GOVERNMENT
Senators Montoya (chairman), Bayh, LABOR, HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND
Eagleton, Chiles, Bellmon, Hatfield. WELFARE
Senators Magnuson (chairman),
Stennis, Byrd, Proxmire, Montoya,
NINETY-FOURTH CONGRESS Hollings, Eagleton, Bayh, Chiles,
(The names of ex officio members appear Brooke, Case, Fong, Stevens,
in italics. Senator McClellan, as chairman Schweiker.

183
 LEGISLATIVE AGRICULTURE AND RELATED
Senators Hollings (chairman), AGENCIES
McClellan, Huddleston, Schweiker, Senators Eagleton (chairman), Sten-
Mathias. nis, Proxmire, Byrd, Inouye, Bayh,
Chiles, Burdick, Bellmon, Young,
MILITARY CONSTRUCTION Hatfield, Stevens.
Senators Mansfield (chairman), DEFENSE
Inouye, Johnston, Huddleston, Ste-
vens, Bellmon, Brooke. Senators McClellan (chairman), Sten-
Symington, Cannon, Tower. nis, Magnuson, Proxmire, Inouye,
Hollings, Eagleton, Chiles, Young,
PUBLIC WORKS Case, Stevens, Schweiker, Brooke.
Senators Stennis (chairman), Magnu- DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
son, Byrd, Pastore, McGee, Montoya, Senators Leahy (chairman), Burdick,
Hollings, Johnston, Huddleston, Hat- DeConcini, Mathias, Weicker.
field, Young, Hruska, Case,
Schweiker, Bellmon. FOREIGN OPERATIONS
Also on river and harbor items: Senators Inouye (chairman), Prox-
Randolph, Muskie, Baker. mire, Chiles, Johnston, Leahy, DeCon-
Also on atomic energy items: Jack- cini, Schweiker, Brooke, Hatfield, Ma-
son, Symington, Baker. thias.
STATE, JUSTICE, COMMERCE, THE HUD-INDEPENDENT AGENCIES
JUDICIARY Senators Proxmire (chairman), Sten-
Senators Pastore (chairman), McClel- nis, Bayh, Huddleston, Leahy, Sasser,
lan, Mansfield, Hollings, Magnuson, Mathias, Case, Brooke, Bellmon.
Eagleton, Johnston, Huddleston, INTERIOR
Hruska, Fong, Brooke, Hatfield, Ste-
vens. Senators Byrd (chairman), McClel-
Also on diplomatic and consular lan, Hollings, Bayh, Johnston, Hud-
items: Sparkman, Church, Javits. dleston, Leahy, DeConcini, Stevens,
Young, Hatfield, Bellmon.
TRANSPORTATION
LABOR, HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND
Senators Bayh (chairman), Byrd, WELFARE
Stennis, Magnuson, Pastore, Eagleton,
Case, Stevens, Mathias, Schweiker. Senators Magnuson (chairman),
Byrd, Proxmire, Hollings, Eagleton,
TREASURY, U.S. POSTAL SERVICE, AND Bayh, Chiles, Burdick, Brooke, Case,
GENERAL GOVERNMENT Schweiker, Mathias.
Senators Montoya (chairman), Bayh, LEGISLATIVE
Eagleton, McClellan, Bellmon, Hat- Senators Huddleston (chairman),
field. McClellan, Sasser, Schweiker,
Also on Postal Service items: Weicker.
McGee, Randolph, Fong.
MILITARY CONSTRUCTION
Senators Johnston (chairman),
NINETY-FIFTH CONGRESS Inouye, Huddleston, Sasser, Stevens,
First session—February 23, 1977 Bellmon.
(Senator McClellan, as chairman of the PUBLIC WORKS
committee, and Senator Young, as ranking Senators Stennis (chairman), Magnu-
minority member, serve ex officio, without son, Byrd, Hollings, Johnston, Hud-
vote, as members of all subcommittees of dleston, Burdick, Sasser, Hatfield,
which they are not regular members.) Young, Case, Schweiker, Bellmon.

184
 STATE, JUSTICE, COMMERCE, THE INTERIOR
JUDICIARY Senators Byrd (chairman), Hollings,
Senators Hollings (chairman), Bayh, Johnston, Huddleston, Leahy,
McClellan, Magnuson, Eagleton, DeConcini, Burdick, Stevens, Young,
Inouye, Burdick, Leahy, DeConcini, Hatfield, Bellmon.
Weicker, Brooke, Hatfield, Stevens. LABOR, HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND
TRANSPORTATION WELFARE

Senators Bayh (chairman), Byrd, Senators Magnuson (chairman),

Stennis, Magnuson, Eagleton, John- Byrd, Proxmire, Hollings, Eagleton,
ston, Case, Mathias, Weicker. Bayh, Chiles, Burdick, Brooke, Case,
Schweiker, Mathias.
TREASURY, POSTAL SERVICE, GENERAL
GOVERNMENT LEGISLATIVE

Senators Chiles (chairman), McClel- Senators Sasser (chairman), Huddle-

lan, Sasser, DeConcini, Weicker, ston, Bumpers, Schweiker, Weicker.
Young. MILITARY CONSTRUCTION
Senators Huddleston (chairman),
Johnston, Inouye, Sasser, Stevens,
Second session—February 20, 1978 Bellmon.
(Senator Magnuson, as chairman of the
committee, and Senator Young, as ranking PUBLIC WORKS
minority member, are ex officio members of Senators Johnston (chairman), Sten-
all subcommittees of which they are not nis, Magnuson, Byrd, Hollings, Hud-
regular members.) dleston, Burdick, Sasser, Hatfield,
Young, Case, Schweiker, Bellmon.
AGRICULTURE AND RELATED
AGENCIES STATE, JUSTICE, COMMERCE, THE
JUDICIARY
Senators Eagleton (chairman), Sten-
nis, Proxmire, Byrd, Inouye, Bayh, Senators Hollings (chairman), Mag-
Chiles, Burdick, Bellmon, Young, nuson, Eagleton, Inouye, Burdick,
Hatfield, Stevens. Leahy, DeConcini, Bumpers, Weicker,
Brooke, Hatfield, Stevens.
DEFENSE
TRANSPORTATION
Senators Stennis (chairman), Magnu-
son, Proxmire, Inouye, Hollings, Senators Bayh (chairman), Byrd,
Eagleton, Chiles, Bumpers, Young, Stennis, Magnuson, Eagleton, John-
Case, Stevens, Schweiker, Brooke. ston, Case, Mathias, Weicker.
TREASURY, POSTAL SERVICE, GENERAL
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
GOVERNMENT
Senators Leahy (chairman), DeCon- Senators Chiles (chairman), Sasser,
cini, Bumpers, Mathias, Weicker. DeConcini, Bumpers, Weicker,
FOREIGN OPERATIONS Young.
Senators Inouye (chairman), Prox-
mire, Chiles, Johnston, Leahy, DeCon- NINETY-SIXTH CONGRESS
cini, Schweiker, Brooke, Hatfield, Ma-
thias. March 8, 1979
(Senator Magnuson, as chairman of the
HUD-INDEPENDENT AGENCIES committee, and Senator Young, as ranking
Senators Proxmire (chairman), Sten- minority member, are ex officio members of
nis, Bayh, Huddleston, Leahy, Sasser, all subcommittees of which they are not
Mathias, Case, Brooke, Bellmon. regular members.)

185
 AGRICULTURE AND RELATED MILITARY CONSTRUCTION
AGENCIES Senators Huddleston (chairman),
Senators Eagleton (chairman), Sten- Johnston, Inouye, Sasser, Laxalt, Ste-
nis, Proxmire, Byrd, Bayh, Chiles, vens.
Burdick, Sasser, Bellmon, Young,
McClure, Garn, Schmitt. STATE, JUSTICE, COMMERCE, THE
JUDICIARY
DEFENSE
Senators Hollings (chairman), Mag-
Senators Stennis (chairman), Magnu- nuson, Eagleton, Inouye, Burdick,
son, Proxmire, Inouye, Hollings, DeConcini, Bumpers, Weicker, Hat-
Eagleton, Chiles, Johnston, Huddle- field, Stevens, Laxalt, Garn.
ston, Leahy, Bumpers, Young, Stevens,
Schweiker, Bellmon, Weicker, Garn, TRANSPORTATION
McClure. Senators Bayh (chairman), Byrd,
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Stennis, Magnuson, Eagleton, Durkin,
McClure, Mathias, Weicker.
Senators Leahy (chairman), Bumpers,
Durkin, Mathias, Schmitt. TREASURY, POSTAL SERVICE, GENERAL
GOVERNMENT
ENERGY AND WATER DEVELOPMENT
Senators Johnston (chairman), Sten- Senators Chiles (chairman), DeCon-
nis, Magnuson, Byrd, Hollings, Hud- cini, Bumpers, Schmitt, Laxalt.
dleston, Burdick, Sasser, DeConcini,
Hatfield, Young, Schweiker, Bellmon, NINETY-SEVENTH CONGRESS
McClure, Garn, Schmitt.
January 6, 1981
FOREIGN OPERATIONS
(Senator Hatfield, as chairman of the
Senators Inouye (chairman), Prox- committee, and Senator Proxmire, as rank-
mire, Chiles, Johnston, Leahy, DeCon- ing minority member of the committee, are
cini, Garn, Hatfield, Mathias, ex officio members of all subcommittees of
Schweiker. which they are not regular members.)
HUD-INDEPENDENT AGENCIES
AGRICULTURE AND RELATED
Senators Proxmire (chairman), Sten- AGENCIES
nis, Bayh, Huddleston, Leahy, Sasser,
Durkin, Mathias, Bellmon, Weicker, Senators Cochran (chairman),
Laxalt, Schmitt. McClure, Andrews, Abdnor, Kasten,
Mattingly, Specter, Eagleton, Stennis,
INTERIOR Byrd, Chiles, Burdick, Sasser.
Senators Byrd (chairman), Hollings, DEFENSE
Bayh, Johnston, Huddleston, Leahy,
DeConcini, Burdick, Durkin, Stevens, Senators Stevens (chairman),
Young, Hatfield, Bellmon, McClure, Weicker, Garn, McClure, Schmitt,
Laxalt. Andrews, Kasten, D’Amato, Rudman,
Stennis, Proxmire, Inouye, Hollings,
LABOR, HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND Eagleton, Chiles, Johnston, Huddle-
WELFARE ston.
Senators Magnuson (chairman),
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Byrd, Proxmire, Hollings, Eagleton,
Bayh, Chiles, Burdick, Inouye, Senators D’Amato (chairman),
Schweiker, Mathias, Hatfield, Weicker, Specter, Leahy, Bumpers.
Weicker, Schmitt. ENERGY AND WATER DEVELOPMENT
LEGISLATIVE Senators Hatfield (chairman),
Senators Sasser (chairman), Bumpers, McClure, Garn, Schmitt, Cochran,
Durkin, Stevens, Schweiker. Abdnor, Kasten, Mattingly, Johnston,
186
Stennis, Byrd, Hollings, Huddleston, NINETY-EIGHTH CONGRESS
Burdick, Sasser.
Majority—January 3, 1983
FOREIGN OPERATIONS Minority—January 24, 1983
Senators Kasten (chairman), Hat- (Senator Hatfield, as chairman of the
field, D’Amato, Rudman, Specter, committee, and Senator Stennis, as ranking
Inouye, Johnston, Leahy, DeConcini. minority member of the committee, are ex
officio members of all subcommittees of
HUD-INDEPENDENT AGENCIES which they are not regular members.)
Senators Garn (chairman), Weicker, AGRICULTURE AND RELATED
Laxalt, Schmitt, D’Amato, Specter, AGENCIES
Huddleston, Stennis, Proxmire, Leahy,
Sasser. Senators Cochran (chairman),
McClure, Andrews, Abdnor, Kasten,
INTERIOR Mattingly, Specter, Eagleton, Stennis,
Senators McClure (chairman), Ste- Byrd, Chiles, Burdick, Sasser.
vens, Laxalt, Garn, Schmitt, Cochran, COMMERCE, JUSTICE, STATE, AND
Andrews, Rudman, Byrd, Johnston, JUDICIARY
Huddleston, Leahy, DeConcini, Bur-
dick, Bumpers. Senators Laxalt (chairman), Stevens,
Weicker, Rudman, Hatfield, Specter,
LABOR, HEALTH AND HUMAN Hollings, Inouye, DeConcini, Bump-
SERVICES, EDUCATION ers, Eagleton.
Senators Schmitt (chairman), Hat- DEFENSE
field, Weicker, Stevens, Andrews,
Abdnor, Rudman, Specter, Proxmire, Senators Stevens (chairman),
Byrd, Hollings, Eagleton, Chiles, Bur- Weicker, Garn, McClure, Andrews,
dick, Inouye. Kasten, D’Amato, Rudman, Cochran,
Stennis, Proxmire, Inouye, Hollings,
LEGISLATIVE Eagleton, Chiles, Johnston, Huddle-
ston.
Senators Mattingly (chairman), Ste-
vens, Hatfield, Bumpers, Hollings. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

MILITARY CONSTRUCTION Senators Specter (chairman), Mat-

tingly, Domenici, Leahy, Bumpers.
Senators Laxalt (chairman), Garn,
Mattingly, Sasser, Inouye. ENERGY AND WATER DEVELOPMENT

STATE, JUSTICE, COMMERCE, THE Senators Hatfield (chairman),

JUDICIARY McClure, Garn, Cochran, Abdnor,
Kasten, Mattingly, Domenici, John-
Senators Weicker (chairman), Ste- ston, Stennis, Byrd, Hollings, Huddle-
vens, Laxalt, Cochran, Rudman, Hol- ston, Burdick, Sasser.
lings, Inouye, DeConcini, Bumpers.
FOREIGN OPERATIONS
TRANSPORTATION
Senators Kasten (chairman), Hat-
Senators Andrews (chairman), Coch- field, D’Amato, Rudman, Specter,
ran, Abdnor, Kasten, D’Amato, Inouye, Johnston, Leahy, DeConcini.
Chiles, Stennis, Byrd, Eagleton.
HUD-INDEPENDENT AGENCIES
TREASURY, POSTAL SERVICE, GENERAL
Senators Garn (chairman), Weicker,
GOVERNMENT
Laxalt, D’Amato, Abdnor, Domenici,
Senators Abdnor (chairman), Laxalt, Huddleston, Stennis, Proxmire, Leahy,
Mattingly, DeConcini, Proxmire. Sasser.
187
 INTERIOR ter, Hollings, Inouye, Bumpers,
Senators McClure (chairman), Ste- Chiles, Lautenberg.
vens, Laxalt, Garn, Cochran, Andrews, DEFENSE
Rudman, Weicker, Byrd, Johnston,
Huddleston, Leahy, DeConcini, Bur- Senators Stevens (chairman),
dick, Bumpers. Weicker, Garn, McClure, Andrews,
Kasten, D’Amato, Rudman, Cochran,
LABOR, HEALTH AND HUMAN Stennis, Proxmire, Inouye, Hollings,
SERVICES, EDUCATION Chiles, Johnston, Byrd, Sasser.
Senators Weicker (chairman), Hat-
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
field, Stevens, Andrews, Rudman,
Specter, McClure, Domenici, Prox- Senators Specter (chairman), Mat-
mire, Byrd, Hollings, Eagleton, tingly, Domenici, Lautenberg, Harkin.
Chiles, Burdick, Inouye.
ENERGY AND WATER DEVELOPMENT
LEGISLATIVE Senators Hatfield (chairman),
Senators D’Amato (chairman), Hat- McClure, Garn, Cochran, Abdnor,
field, Stevens, Bumpers, Hollings. Kasten, Mattingly, Domenici, John-
ston, Stennis, Byrd, Hollings, Bur-
MILITARY CONSTRUCTION
dick, Sasser, DeConcini.
Senators Mattingly (chairman), Lax-
alt, Garn, Sasser, Inouye. FOREIGN OPERATIONS

TRANSPORTATION
Senators Kasten (chairman), Hat-
field, D’Amato, Rudman, Specter,
Senators Andrews (chairman), Coch- Inouye, Johnston, Leahy, DeConcini.
ran, Abdnor, Kasten, D’Amato,
Chiles, Stennis, Byrd, Eagleton. HUD-INDEPENDENT AGENCIES

TREASURY, POSTAL SERVICE, GENERAL Senators Garn (chairman), Weicker,

GOVERNMENT Laxalt, D’Amato, Abdnor, Domenici,
Leahy, Stennis, Proxmire, Johnston,
Senators Abdnor (chairman), Laxalt, Lautenberg.
Mattingly, DeConcini, Proxmire.
INTERIOR

NINETY-NINTH CONGRESS Senators McClure (chairman), Ste-

vens, Laxalt, Garn, Cochran, Andrews,
Majority—January 3, 1983 Rudman, Weicker, Byrd, Johnston,
Minority—March 6, 1985 Leahy, DeConcini, Burdick, Bumpers,
(Senator Hatfield, as chairman of the Hollings.
committee, and Senator Stennis, as ranking LABOR, HEALTH AND HUMAN
minority member of the committee, are ex SERVICES, EDUCATION
officio members of all subcommittees of
which they are not regular members.) Senators Weicker (chairman), Hat-
field, Stevens, Andrews, Rudman,
AGRICULTURE AND RELATED Specter, McClure, Domenici, Prox-
AGENCIES mire, Byrd, Hollings, Chiles, Burdick,
Senators Cochran (chairman), Inouye, Harkin.
McClure, Andrews, Abdnor, Kasten,
LEGISLATIVE
Mattingly, Specter, Burdick, Stennis,
Chiles, Sasser, Bumpers, Harkin. Senators D’Amato (chairman), Hat-
field, Stevens, Bumpers, Harkin.
COMMERCE, JUSTICE, STATE, AND
JUDICIARY MILITARY CONSTRUCTION
Senators Rudman (chairman), Ste- Senators Mattingly (chairman), Lax-
vens, Weicker, Hatfield, Laxalt, Spec- alt, Garn, Sasser, Inouye.

188
 TRANSPORTATION Harkin, Mikulski, Kasten, Hatfield,
Senators Andrews (chairman), Coch- D’Amato, Rudman, Specter, Nickles.
ran, Abdnor, Kasten, D’Amato, HUD-INDEPENDENT AGENCIES
Chiles, Stennis, Byrd, Lautenberg.
Senators Proxmire (chairman), Sten-
TREASURY, POSTAL SERVICE, GENERAL nis, Leahy, Johnston, Lautenberg, Mi-
GOVERNMENT kulski, Garn, D’Amato, Domenici,
Senators Abdnor (chairman), Laxalt, Grassley, Nickles.
Mattingly, DeConcini, Proxmire.
INTERIOR
Senators Byrd (chairman), Johnston,
ONE HUNDREDTH CONGRESS Leahy, DeConcini, Burdick, Bumpers,
Majority—January 14, 1987 Hollings, Reid, McClure, Stevens,
Minority—January 14, 1987 Garn, Cochran, Rudman, Weicker,
(Senator Stennis, as chairman of the Nickles.
committee, and Senator Hatfield, as rank- LABOR, HEALTH AND HUMAN
ing minority member of the committee, are SERVICES, EDUCATION
ex officio members of all subcommittees of
which they are not regular members.) Senators Chiles (chairman), Byrd,
Proxmire, Hollings, Burdick, Inouye,
AGRICULTURE AND RELATED Harkin, Bumpers, Weicker, Hatfield,
AGENCIES Stevens, Rudman, Specter, McClure,
Senators Burdick (chairman), Sten- Domenici.
nis, Chiles, Sasser, Bumpers, Harkin,
Cochran, McClure, Kasten, Specter, LEGISLATIVE
Grassley. Senators Bumpers (chairman), Mi-
COMMERCE, JUSTICE, STATE, AND
kulski, Reid, Grassley, Hatfield.
JUDICIARY MILITARY CONSTRUCTION
Senators Hollings (chairman), Senators Sasser (chairman), Inouye,
Inouye, Bumpers, Chiles, Lautenberg, Proxmire, Reid, Specter, Garn, Ste-
Sasser, Rudman, Stevens Weicker, vens.
Hatfield, Kasten.
DEFENSE TRANSPORTATION

Senators Stennis (chairman), Prox- Senators Lautenberg (chairman),

mire, Inouye, Hollings, Chiles, John- Stennis, Byrd, Chiles, Harkin,
ston, Byrd, Leahy, Sasser, DeConcini, D’Amato, Cochran, Kasten, Weicker.
Stevens, Weicker, Garn, McClure,
TREASURY, POSTAL SERVICE, GENERAL
Kasten, D’Amato, Rudman, Cochran.
GOVERNMENT
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Senators DeConcini (chairman),
Senators Harkin (chairman), Lauten- Proxmire, Mikulski, Domenici,
berg, Reid, Nickles, Grassley. D’Amato.
ENERGY AND WATER DEVELOPMENT
Senators Johnston (chairman), Sten- ONE HUNDRED FIRST
nis, Byrd, Hollings, Burdick, Sasser, CONGRESS
DeConcini, Hatfield, McClure, Garn,
Cochran, Domenici, Specter. (Senator Byrd, as chairman of the com-
mittee, and Senator Hatfield, as ranking
FOREIGN OPERATIONS minority member of the committee, are ex
Senators Inouye (chairman), John- officio members of all subcommittees of
ston, Leahy, DeConcini, Lautenberg, which they are not regular members.)

189
 AGRICULTURE AND RELATED Reid, Adams, Specter, Hatfield, Ste-
AGENCIES vens, Rudman, McClure, Cochran,
Senators Burdick (chairman), Bump- Gramm.
ers, Harkin, Adams, Fowler, Kerrey, LEGISLATIVE
Cochran, McClure, Kasten, Specter,
Grassley. Senators Reid (chairman), Mikulski,
Adams, Nickles, Hatfield.
COMMERCE, JUSTICE, STATE, AND
JUDICIARY MILITARY CONSTRUCTION
Senators Hollings (chairman), Senators Sasser (chairman), Inouye,
Inouye, Bumpers, Lautenberg, Sasser, Reid, Fowler, Grassley, Garn, Stevens.
Adams, Rudman, Stevens, Hatfield,
TRANSPORTATION
Kasten, Gramm.
Senators Lautenberg (chairman),
DEFENSE Byrd, Harkin, Sasser, Mikulski,
Senators Inouye (chairman), Hol- D’Amato, Kasten, Domenici, Grassley.
lings, Johnston, Byrd, Leahy, Sasser,
DeConcini, Bumpers, Lautenberg, TREASURY, POSTAL SERVICE, GENERAL
Harkin, Stevens, Garn, McClure, Kas- GOVERNMENT
ten, D’Amato, Rudman, Cochran, Senators DeConcini (chairman), Mi-
Specter. kulski, Kerrey, Domenici, D’Amato.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Senators Adams (chairman), Fowler, ONE HUNDRED SECOND
Kerrey, Gramm, Domenici. CONGRESS
ENERGY AND WATER DEVELOPMENT First session
Senators Johnston (chairman), Byrd, (Senator Byrd, as chairman of the com-
Hollings, Burdick, Sasser, DeConcini, mittee, and Senator Hatfield, as ranking
Reid, Hatfield, McClure, Garn, Coch- minority member of the committee, are ex
ran, Domenici, Specter. officio members of all subcommittees of
FOREIGN OPERATIONS which they are not regular members.)
Senators Leahy (chairman), Inouye, AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEVELOPMENT,
Johnston, DeConcini, Lautenberg, AND RELATED AGENCIES
Harkin, Mikulski, Kasten, Hatfield,
D’Amato, Rudman, Specter, Nickles. Senators Burdick (chairman), Bump-
ers, Harkin, Adams, Fowler, Kerrey,
HUD-INDEPENDENT AGENCIES Cochran, Kasten, Specter, Nickles,
Senators Mikulski (chairman), Bond.
Leahy, Johnston, Lautenberg, Fowler, COMMERCE, JUSTICE, STATE, AND
Kerrey, Garn, D’Amato, Grassley, JUDICIARY
Nickles, Gramm.
Senators Hollings (chairman),
INTERIOR Inouye, Bumpers, Lautenberg, Sasser,
Senators Byrd (chairman), Johnston, Adams, Rudman, Stevens, Hatfield,
Leahy, DeConcini, Burdick, Bumpers, Kasten, Gramm.
Hollings, Reid, McClure, Stevens, DEFENSE
Garn, Cochran, Rudman, Nickles,
Domenici. Senators Inouye (chairman), Hol-
lings, Johnston, Byrd, Leahy, Sasser,
LABOR, HEALTH AND HUMAN DeConcini, Bumpers, Lautenberg,
SERVICES, EDUCATION Harkin, Stevens, Garn, Kasten,
Senators Harkin (chairman), Byrd, D’Amato, Rudman, Cochran, Specter,
Hollings, Burdick, Inouye, Bumpers, Domenici.

190
 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Second session
Senators Adams (chairman), Fowler, (Senator Byrd, as chairman of the com-
Kerrey, Bond, Gorton. mittee, and Senator Hatfield, as ranking
minority member of the committee, are ex
ENERGY AND WATER DEVELOPMENT officio members of all subcommittees of
Senators Johnston (chairman), Byrd, which they are not regular members.)
Hollings, Burdick, Sasser, DeConcini,
AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEVELOPMENT,
Reid, Hatfield, Garn, Cochran,
AND RELATED AGENCIES
Domenici, Specter, Nickles.
Senators Bumpers (chairman), Har-
FOREIGN OPERATIONS kin, Adams, Fowler, Kerrey, Conrad,
Senators Leahy (chairman), Inouye, Cochran, Kasten, Specter, Nickles,
Johnston, DeConcini, Lautenberg, Bond.
Harkin, Mikulski, Kasten, Hatfield, COMMERCE, JUSTICE, STATE, AND
D’Amato, Rudman, Specter, Nickles. JUDICIARY
INTERIOR Senators Hollings (chairman),
Senators Byrd (chairman), Johnston, Inouye, Bumpers, Lautenberg, Sasser,
Leahy, DeConcini, Burdick, Bumpers, Adams, Rudman, Stevens, Hatfield,
Hollings, Reid, Nickles, Stevens, Kasten, Gramm.
Garn, Cochran, Rudman, Domenici, DEFENSE
Gorton.
Senators Inouye (chairman), Hol-
LABOR, HEALTH AND HUMAN lings, Johnston, Byrd, Leahy, Sasser,
SERVICES, EDUCATION DeConcini, Bumpers, Lautenberg,
Senators Harkin (chairman), Byrd, Harkin, Stevens, Garn, Kasten,
Hollings, Burdick, Inouye, Bumpers, D’Amato, Rudman, Cochran, Specter,
Reid, Adams, Specter, Hatfield, Ste- Domenici.
vens, Rudman, Cochran, Gramm, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Gorton. Senators Adams (chairman), Fowler,
LEGISLATIVE Kerrey, Bond, Gorton.
Senators Reid (chairman), Mikulski, ENERGY AND WATER DEVELOPMENT
Adams, Gorton, Bond. Senators Johnston (chairman), Byrd,
MILITARY CONSTRUCTION Hollings, Sasser, DeConcini, Reid,
Conrad, Hatfield, Garn, Cochran,
Senators Sasser (chairman), Inouye, Domenici, Specter, Nickles.
Reid, Fowler, Gramm, Garn, Stevens.
FOREIGN OPERATIONS
TRANSPORTATION
Senators Leahy (chairman), Inouye,
Senators Lautenberg (chairman), Johnston, DeConcini, Lautenberg,
Byrd, Harkin, Sasser, Mikulski, Harkin, Mikulski, Kasten, Hatfield,
D’Amato, Kasten, Domenici, Hatfield. D’Amato, Rudman, Specter, Nickles.
TREASURY, POSTAL SERVICE, GENERAL INTERIOR
GOVERNMENT
Senators Byrd (chairman), Johnston,
Senators DeConcini (chairman), Mi- Leahy, DeConcini, Bumpers, Hollings,
kulski, Kerrey, Domenici, D’Amato. Reid, Conrad, Nickles, Stevens, Garn,
Cochran, Rudman, Domenici, Gorton.
VA-HUD-INDEPENDENT AGENCIES
Senators Mikulski (chairman), LABOR, HEALTH AND HUMAN
Leahy, Johnston, Lautenberg, Fowler, SERVICES, EDUCATION
Kerrey, Garn, D’Amato, Nickles, Senators Harkin (chairman), Byrd,
Gramm, Bond. Hollings, Inouye, Bumpers, Reid,

191
Adams, Conrad, Specter, Hatfield, Ste- DeConcini, Bumpers, Lautenberg,
vens, Rudman, Cochran, Gramm, Harkin, Stevens, D’Amato, Cochran,
Gorton. Specter, Domenici, Nickles, Gramm,
Bond.
LEGISLATIVE
Senators Reid (chairman), Mikulski, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Adams, Gorton, Bond. Senators Kohl (chairman), Murray,
MILITARY CONSTRUCTION
Feinstein, Burns, Mack.
Senators Sasser (chairman), Inouye, ENERGY AND WATER DEVELOPMENT
Reid, Fowler, Gramm, Garn, Stevens. Senators Johnston (chairman), Byrd,
TRANSPORTATION
Hollings, Sasser, DeConcini, Reid,
Kerrey, Hatfield, Cochran, Domenici,
Senators Lautenberg (chairman), Nickles, Gorton, McConnell.
Byrd, Harkin, Sasser, Mikulski,
D’Amato, Kasten, Domenici, Hatfield. FOREIGN OPERATIONS

TREASURY, POSTAL SERVICE, GENERAL Senators Leahy (chairman), Inouye,

GOVERNMENT DeConcini, Lautenberg, Harkin, Mi-
kulski, Feinstein, McConnell,
Senators DeConcini (chairman), Mi- D’Amato, Specter, Nickles, Mack,
kulski, Kerrey, Domenici, D’Amato. Gramm.
VA-HUD-INDEPENDENT AGENCIES
INTERIOR
Senators Mikulski (chairman),
Leahy, Johnston, Lautenberg, Fowler, Senators Byrd (chairman), Johnston,
Kerrey, Garn, D’Amato, Nickles, Leahy, DeConcini, Bumpers, Hollings,
Gramm, Bond. Reid, Murray, Nickles, Stevens, Coch-
ran, Domenici, Gorton, Hatfield,
Burns.
ONE HUNDRED THIRD LABOR, HEALTH AND HUMAN
CONGRESS SERVICES, EDUCATION
February 1, 1993 Senators Harkin (chairman), Byrd,
(Senator Byrd, as chairman of the com- Hollings, Inouye, Bumpers, Reid,
mittee, and Senator Hatfield, as ranking Kohl, Murray, Specter, Hatfield, Ste-
minority member of the committee, are ex vens, Cochran, Gorton, Mack, Bond.
officio members of all subcommittees of LEGISLATIVE
which they are not regular members.)
Senators Reid (chairman), Mikulski,
AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, Murray, Mack, Burns.
AND RELATED AGENCIES
MILITARY CONSTRUCTION
Senators Bumpers (chairman), Har-
kin, Kerrey, Johnston, Kohl, Fein- Senators Sasser (chairman), Inouye,
stein, Cochran, Specter, Bond, Reid, Kohl, Gorton, Stevens, McCon-
Gramm, Gorton. nell.
COMMERCE, JUSTICE, STATE, AND TRANSPORTATION
JUDICIARY Senators Lautenberg (chairman),
Senators Hollings (chairman), Byrd, Harkin, Sasser, Mikulski,
Inouye, Bumpers, Lautenberg, Sasser, D’Amato, Domenici, Hatfield, Spec-
Kerrey, Domenici, Stevens, Hatfield, ter.
Gramm, McConnell.
TREASURY, POSTAL SERVICE, GENERAL
DEFENSE GOVERNMENT
Senators Inouye (chairman), Hol- Senators DeConcini (chairman), Mi-
lings, Johnston, Byrd, Leahy, Sasser, kulski, Kerrey, Bond, D’Amato.
192
 VA-HUD-INDEPENDENT AGENCIES INTERIOR
Senators Mikulski (chairman), Senators Gorton (chairman), Stevens,
Leahy, Johnston, Lautenberg, Kerrey, Cochran, Domenici, Hatfield, Burns,
Feinstein, Gramm, D’Amato, Nickles, Bennett, Mack, Byrd, Johnston, Leahy,
Bond, Burns. Bumpers, Hollings, Reid, Murray.
LABOR, HEALTH AND HUMAN
ONE HUNDRED FOURTH SERVICES, EDUCATION
CONGRESS Senators Specter (chairman), Hat-
field, Cochran, Gorton, Mack, Bond,
January 11, 1995 Jeffords, Gregg, Harkin, Byrd, Hol-
(Senator Hatfield, as chairman of the lings, Inouye, Bumpers, Reid, Kohl.
committee, and Senator Byrd, as ranking
minority member of the committee, are ex LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
officio members of all subcommittees of Senators Mack (chairman), Bennett,
which they are not regular members.) Jeffords, Murray, Mikulski.
AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, MILITARY CONSTRUCTION
AND RELATED AGENCIES
Senators Burns (chairman), Stevens,
Senators Cochran (chairman), Spec- Shelby, Gregg, Reid, Inouye, Kohl.
ter, Bond, Gorton, McConnell, Burns,
Bumpers, Harkin, Kerrey, Johnson, TRANSPORTATION
Kohl. Senators Hatfield (chairman),
COMMERCE, JUSTICE, STATE, AND Domenici, Specter, Gramm, Bond,
JUDICIARY Gorton, Lautenberg, Byrd, Harkin,
Mikulski, Reid.
Senators Gramm (chairman), Ste-
vens, Hatfield, Domenici, McConnell, TREASURY, POSTAL SERVICE, GENERAL
Gregg, Hollings, Inouye, Bumpers, GOVERNMENT
Lautenberg, Kerrey.
Senators Shelby (chairman), Jeffords,
DEFENSE Gregg, Kerrey, Mikulski.
Senators Stevens (chairman), Coch- VA-HUD-INDEPENDENT AGENCIES
ran, Specter, Domenici, Gramm,
Bond, McConnell, Mack, Shelby, Senators Bond (chairman), Gramm,
Inouye, Hollings, Johnston, Byrd, Burns, Stevens, Shelby, Bennett, Mi-
Leahy, Bumpers, Lautenberg, Harkin. kulski, Leahy, Johnston, Lautenberg,
Kerrey.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Senators Jeffords (chairman), Ben-
nett, Kohl. October 12, 1995
(Senator Hatfield, as chairman of the
ENERGY AND WATER DEVELOPMENT committee, and Senator Byrd, as ranking
Senators Domenici (chairman), Hat- minority member of the committee, are ex
field, Cochran, Gorton, McConnell, officio members of all subcommittees of
Bennett, Burns, Johnston, Byrd, Hol- which they are not regular members.)
lings, Reid, Kerrey, Murray.
AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEVELOPMENT,
FOREIGN OPERATIONS AND RELATED AGENCIES
Senators McConnell (chairman), Senators Cochran (chairman), Spec-
Specter, Mack, Gramm, Jeffords, ter, Bond, Gorton, McConnell, Burns,
Gregg, Shelby, Leahy, Inouye, Lauten- Bumpers, Harkin, Kerrey, Johnson,
berg, Harkin, Mikulski, Murray. Kohl.

193
 COMMERCE, JUSTICE, STATE, AND TREASURY, POSTAL SERVICE, GENERAL
JUDICIARY GOVERNMENT
Senators Gregg (chairman), Stevens, Senators Shelby (chairman), Jeffords,
Hatfield, Domenici, McConnell, Jef- Campbell, Kerrey, Mikulski.
fords, Hollings, Inouye, Bumpers,
Lautenberg, Kerrey. VA-HUD-INDEPENDENT AGENCIES
Senators Bond (chairman), Burns,
DEFENSE
Stevens, Shelby, Bennett, Campbell,
Senators Stevens (chairman), Coch- Mikulski, Leahy, Johnston, Lauten-
ran, Specter, Domenici, Bond, McCon- berg, Kerrey.
nell, Mack, Shelby, Gregg, Inouye,
Hollings, Johnston, Byrd, Leahy,
Bumpers, Lautenberg, Harkin. ONE HUNDRED FIFTH
CONGRESS
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Senators Jeffords (chairman), Camp- First session—January 28, 1997
bell, Kohl. (Senator Stevens, as chairman of the
ENERGY AND WATER DEVELOPMENT
Committee, and Senator Byrd, as ranking
minority member of the Committee, are ex
Senators Domenici (chairman), Hat- officio members of all subcommittees of
field, Cochran, Gorton, McConnell, which they are not regular members.)
Bennett, Burns, Johnston, Byrd, Hol-
lings, Reid, Kerrey, Murray. AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEVELOPMENT,
AND RELATED AGENCIES
FOREIGN OPERATIONS
Senators Cochran (chairman), Spec-
Senators McConnell (chairman), ter, Bond, Gorton, McConnell, Burns,
Specter, Mack, Jeffords, Gregg, Shel- Bumpers, Harkin, Kohl, Byrd, Leahy.
by, Bennett, Leahy, Inouye, Lauten-
berg, Harkin, Mikulski, Murray. COMMERCE, JUSTICE, STATE, AND
JUDICIARY
INTERIOR
Senators Gorton (chairman), Stevens, Senators Gregg (chairman), Stevens,
Cochran, Domenici, Hatfield, Burns, Domenici, McConnell, Hutchison,
Bennett, Mack, Byrd, Johnston, Leahy, Campbell, Hollings, Inouye, Bumpers,
Bumpers, Hollings, Reid, Murray. Lautenberg, Mikulski.
DEFENSE
LABOR, HEALTH AND HUMAN
SERVICES, EDUCATION Senators Stevens (chairman), Coch-
Senators Specter (chairman), Hat- ran, Specter, Domenici, Bond, McCon-
field, Cochran, Gorton, Mack, Bond, nell, Shelby, Gregg, Hutchison,
Jeffords, Gregg, Harkin, Byrd, Hol- Inouye, Hollings, Byrd, Leahy, Bump-
lings, Inouye, Bumpers, Reid, Kohl. ers, Lautenberg, Harkin, Dorgan.
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

Senators Mack (chairman), Bennett, Senators Faircloth (chairman),

Campbell, Murray, Mikulski. Hutchison, Boxer.
MILITARY CONSTRUCTION ENERGY AND WATER DEVELOPMENT
Senators Burns (chairman), Stevens, Senators Domenici (chairman),
Gregg, Campbell, Reid, Inouye, Kohl. Cochran, Gorton, McConnell, Bennett,
Burns, Craig, Reid, Byrd, Hollings,
TRANSPORTATION Murray, Kohl, Dorgan.
Senators Hatfield (chairman),
Domenici, Specter, Bond, Gorton, FOREIGN OPERATIONS
Shelby, Lautenberg, Byrd, Harkin, Senators McConnell (chairman),
Mikulski, Reid. Specter, Gregg, Shelby, Bennett,
194
Campbell, Stevens, Leahy, Inouye, COMMERCE, JUSTICE, STATE, AND
Lautenberg, Harkin, Mikulski, Mur- JUDICIARY
ray. Senators Gregg (chairman), Stevens,
INTERIOR Domenici, McConnell, Hutchison,
Senators Gorton (chairman), Stevens, Campbell, Hollings, Inouye, Bumpers,
Cochran, Domenici, Burns, Bennett, Lautenberg, Mikulski.
Gregg, Campbell, Byrd, Leahy, DEFENSE
Bumpers, Hollings, Reid, Dorgan,
Boxer. Senators Stevens (chairman), Coch-
ran, Specter, Domenici, Bond, McCon-
LABOR, HEALTH AND HUMAN nell, Shelby, Gregg, Hutchison,
SERVICES, EDUCATION Inouye, Hollings, Byrd, Leahy, Bump-
Senators Specter (chairman), Coch- ers, Lautenberg, Harkin, Dorgan.
ran, Gorton, Bond, Gregg, Faircloth,
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Craig, Hutchison, Harkin, Hollings,
Inouye, Bumpers, Reid, Kohl, Murray. Senators Faircloth (chairman),
Hutchison, Boxer.
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
Senators Bennett (chairman), Ste- ENERGY AND WATER DEVELOPMENT
vens, Craig, Dorgan, Boxer. Senators Domenici (chairman),
MILITARY CONSTRUCTION Cochran, Gorton, McConnell, Bennett,
Senators Burns (chairman). Burns, Craig, Reid, Byrd, Hollings,
Hutchison, Faircloth, Craig, Murray, Murray, Kohl, Dorgan.
Reid, Inouye. FOREIGN OPERATIONS
TRANSPORTATION Senators McConnell (chairman),
Senators Shelby (chairman), Domen- Specter, Gregg, Shelby, Bennett,
ici, Specter, Bond, Gorton, Bennett, Campbell, Stevens, Leahy, Inouye,
Faircloth, Lautenberg, Byrd, Mikulski, Lautenberg, Harkin, Mikulski, Mur-
Reid, Kohl, Murray. ray.
TREASURY AND GENERAL INTERIOR
GOVERNMENT Senators Gorton (chairman), Stevens,
Senators Campbell (chairman), Shel- Cochran, Domenici, Burns, Bennett,
by, Faircloth, Kohl, Mikulski. Gregg, Campbell, Byrd, Leahy,
VA-HUD-INDEPENDENT AGENCIES
Bumpers, Hollings, Reid, Dorgan,
Boxer.
Senators Bond (chairman), Burns,
Stevens, Shelby, Campbell, Craig, Mi- LABOR, HEALTH AND HUMAN
kulski, Leahy, Lautenberg, Harkin, SERVICES, EDUCATION
Boxer. Senators Specter (chairman), Coch-
Second session—July 8, 1998 ran, Gorton, Bond, Gregg, Faircloth,
(Senator Stevens, as chairman of the Craig, Hutchison, Harkin, Hollings,
Committee, and Senator Byrd, as ranking Inouye, Bumpers, Reid, Kohl, Murray.
minority member of the Committee, are ex LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
officio members of all subcommittees of
which they are not regular members.) Senators Bennett (chairman), Ste-
vens, Craig, Dorgan, Boxer.
AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEVELOPMENT,
AND RELATED AGENCIES MILITARY CONSTRUCTION
Senators Cochran (chairman), Spec- Senators Burns (chairman),
ter, Bond, Gorton, McConnell, Burns, Hutchison, Faircloth, Craig, Murray,
Bumpers, Harkin, Kohl, Leahy, Boxer. Reid, Inouye.

195
 TRANSPORTATION Burns, Craig, Reid, Byrd, Hollings,
Senators Shelby (chairman), Domen- Murray, Kohl, Dorgan.
ici, Specter, Bond, Gorton, Bennett, FOREIGN OPERATIONS
Faircloth, Lautenberg, Byrd, Mikulski, Senators McConnell (chairman),
Reid, Kohl, Murray. Specter, Gregg, Shelby, Bennett,
TREASURY AND GENERAL Campbell, Bond, Leahy, Inouye, Lau-
GOVERNMENT tenberg, Harkin, Mikulski, Murray.
Senators Campbell (chairman), Shel- INTERIOR
by, Faircloth, Kohl, Mikulski. Senators Gorton (chairman), Stevens,
VA-HUD-INDEPENDENT AGENCIES Cochran, Domenici, Burns, Bennett,
Senators Bond (chairman), Burns, Gregg, Campbell, Byrd, Leahy, Hol-
Stevens, Shelby, Campbell, Craig, Mi- lings, Reid, Dorgan, Kohl, Feinstein.
kulski, Leahy, Lautenberg, Harkin, LABOR, HEALTH AND HUMAN
Byrd. SERVICES, EDUCATIONLC
Senators Specter (chairman), Coch-
ONE HUNDRED SIXTH ran, Gorton, Gregg, Craig, Hutchison,
CONGRESS Stevens, Kyl, Harkin, Hollings,
Inouye, Reid, Kohl, Murray, Feinstein.
February 5, 1999
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
(Senator Stevens, as chairman of the
Committee, and Senator Byrd, as ranking Senators Bennett (chairman), Ste-
minority member of the Committee, are ex vens, Craig, Feinstein, Durbin.
officio members of all subcommittees of MILITARY CONSTRUCTION
which they are not regular members.) Senators Burns (chairman),
AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, Hutchison, Craig, Kyl, Murray, Reid,
AND RELATED AGENCIES Inouye.
Senators Cochran (chairman), Spec- TRANSPORTATION
ter, Bond, Gorton, McConnell, Burns, Senators Shelby (chairman), Domen-
Kohl, Harkin, Dorgan, Feinstein, ici, Specter, Bond, Gorton, Bennett,
Durbin. Campbell, Lautenberg, Byrd, Mikul-
COMMERCE, JUSTICE, STATE, AND ski, Reid, Kohl, Murray.
JUDICIARY TREASURY AND GENERAL
Senators Gregg (chairman), Stevens, GOVERNMENT
Domenici, McConnell, Hutchison, Senators Campbell (chairman), Shel-
Campbell, Hollings, Inouye, Lauten- by, Kyl, Dorgan, Mikulski.
berg, Mikulski, Leahy.
VA-HUD-INDEPENDENT AGENCIES
DEFENSE
Senators Bond (chairman), Burns,
Senators Stevens (chairman), Coch- Shelby, Craig, Hutchison, Kyl, Mikul-
ran, Specter, Domenici, Bond, McCon- ski, Leahy, Lautenberg, Harkin, Byrd.
nell, Shelby, Gregg, Hutchison,
Inouye, Hollings, Byrd, Leahy, Lau-
tenberg, Harkin, Dorgan, Durbin. ONE HUNDRED SEVENTH
CONGRESS
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Senators Hutchison (chairman), Kyl, February 1, 2001
Durbin. (Senator Stevens, as chairman of the
Committee, and Senator Byrd, as ranking
ENERGY AND WATER DEVELOPMENT minority member of the Committee, are ex
Senators Domenici (chairman), officio members of all subcommittees of
Cochran, Gorton, McConnell, Bennett, which they are not regular members.)

196
AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, MILITARY CONSTRUCTION
AND RELATED AGENCIES Senators Hutchison (chairman),
Senators Cochran (chairman), Spec- Burns, Craig, DeWine, Feinstein,
ter, Bond, McConnell, Burns, Craig, Inouye, Johnson, Landrieu.
Kohl, Harkin, Dorgan, Feinstein, TRANSPORTATION
Durbin, Johnson.
Senators Shelby (chairman), Specter,
COMMERCE, JUSTICE, STATE, AND Bond, Bennett, Campbell, Hutchison,
JUDICIARY Murray, Byrd, Mikulski, Reid, Kohl,
Senators Gregg (chairman), Stevens, Durbin.
Domenici, McConnell, Hutchison, TREASURY AND GENERAL
Campbell, Hollings, Inouye, Mikulski, GOVERNMENT
Leahy, Kohl, Murray. Senators Campbell (chairman), Shel-
DEFENSE by, DeWine, Dorgan, Mikulski,
Landrieu.
Senators Stevens (chairman), Coch-
ran, Specter, Domenici, Bond, McCon- VA-HUD-INDEPENDENT AGENCIES
nell, Shelby, Gregg, Hutchison, Senators Bond (chairman), Burns,
Inouye, Hollings, Byrd, Leahy, Har- Shelby, Craig, Domenici, DeWine,
kin, Dorgan, Durbin, Reid, Feinstein. Mikulski, Leahy, Harkin, Byrd, Kohl,
Johnson.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Senators DeWine (chairman),
Hutchison, Landrieu, Durbin. June 6, 2001
(Senator Byrd, as chairman of the
ENERGY AND WATER DEVELOPMENT
Committee, and Senator Stevens, as rank-
Senators Domenici (chairman), ing minority member of the Committee, are
Cochran, McConnell, Bennett, Burns, ex officio members of all subcommittees of
Craig, Reid, Byrd, Hollings, Murray, which they are not regular members.)
Dorgan, Feinstein. NOTE.—From January 3 to January
20, 2001 the Democrats held the ma-
FOREIGN OPERATIONS jority, thanks to the deciding vote of
Senators McConnell (chairman), outgoing Democratic Vice President
Specter, Gregg, Shelby, Bennett, Al Gore. Senator Thomas A. Daschle
Campbell, Bond, Leahy, Inouye, Har- became majority leader at that time.
kin, Mikulski, Durbin, Johnson, Starting January 20, 2001, the incom-
Landrieu. ing Republican Vice President Rich-
ard Cheney held the deciding vote,
INTERIOR giving the majority to the Repub-
Senators Burns (chairman), Stevens, licans. Senator Trent Lott resumed his
Cochran, Domenici, Bennett, Gregg, position as majority leader. On May
Campbell, Byrd, Leahy, Hollings, 24, 2001, Senator James Jeffords of
Reid, Dorgan, Feinstein, Murray. Vermont announced his switch from
Republican to Independent status, ef-
LABOR, HEALTH AND HUMAN fective June 6, 2001. Jeffords an-
SERVICES, EDUCATION nounced that he would caucus with
Senators Specter (chairman), Coch- the Democrats, changing control of
ran, Gregg, Craig, Hutchison, Stevens, the evenly divided Senate from the
DeWine, Harkin, Hollings, Inouye, Republicans to the Democrats. Senator
Reid, Kohl, Murray, Landrieu. Thomas A. Daschle became majority
leader once again on June 6, 2001.
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH There were no subcommittee chair-
Senators Bennett (chairman), Ste- men designated from June 6, 2001 to
vens, Durbin, Johnson. July 10, 2001.

197
AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, TRANSPORTATION
AND RELATED AGENCIES Senators Byrd, Mikulski, Reid,
Senators Kohl, Harkin, Dorgan, Kohl, Murray, Shelby, Domenici,
Feinstein, Durbin, Cochran, Specter, Specter, Bond, Bennett, Campbell.
Bond, McConnell, Burns.
TREASURY AND GENERAL
COMMERCE, JUSTICE, STATE, AND GOVERNMENT
JUDICIARY Senators Dorgan, Mikulski, Camp-
Senators Hollings, Inouye, Mikul- bell, Shelby, Kyl.
ski, Leahy, Gregg, Stevens, Domenici,
VA-HUD-INDEPENDENT AGENCIES
McConnell, Hutchison, Campbell.
Senators Mikulski, Leahy, Harkin,
DEFENSE Byrd, Bond, Burns, Shelby, Craig,
Senators Inouye, Hollings, Byrd, Hutchison, Kyl.
Leahy, Harkin, Dorgan, Durbin, Ste-
vens, Cochran, Specter, Domenici,
Bond, McConnell, Shelby, Gregg, July 11, 2001
Hutchison. (Senator Byrd, as chairman of the
Committee, and Senator Stevens, as rank-
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
ing minority member of the Committee, are
Senators Durbin, Hutchison, Kyl. ex officio members of all subcommittees of
ENERGY AND WATER DEVELOPMENT
which they are not regular members.)
Senators Reid, Byrd, Hollings, AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEVELOPMENT,
Murray, Kohl, Dorgan, Domenici, AND RELATED AGENCIES
Cochran, McConnell, Bennett, Burns, Senators Kohl (chairman), Harkin,
Craig. Dorgan, Feinstein, Durbin, Johnson,
Murray, Cochran, Specter, Bond,
FOREIGN OPERATIONS
McConnell, Burns, Craig.
Senators Leahy, Inouye, Harkin, Mi-
kulski, Murray, McConnell, Specter, COMMERCE, JUSTICE, STATE, AND
Gregg, Shelby, Bennett, Campbell, JUDICIARY
Bond. Senators Hollings (chairman),
Inouye, Mikulski, Leahy, Kohl, Mur-
INTERIOR
ray, Reed, Gregg, Stevens, Domenici,
Senators Byrd, Leahy, Hollings, McConnell, Hutchison, Campbell.
Reid, Dorgan, Kohl, Feinstein, Ste-
vens, Cochran, Domenici, Burns, Ben- DEFENSE
nett, Gregg, Campbell. Senators Inouye (chairman), Hol-
lings, Byrd, Leahy, Harkin, Dorgan,
LABOR, HEALTH AND HUMAN
Durbin, Reid, Feinstein, Kohl, Ste-
SERVICES, EDUCATIONLC
vens, Cochran, Specter, Domenici,
Senators Harkin, Hollings, Inouye, Bond, McConnell, Shelby, Gregg,
Reid, Kohl, Murray, Feinstein, Spec- Hutchison.
ter, Cochran, Gregg, Craig,
Hutchison, Stevens, Kyl. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Senators Landrieu (chairman), Dur-
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH bin, Reed, DeWine, Hutchison.
Senators Feinstein, Durbin, Bennett,
Stevens, Craig. ENERGY AND WATER DEVELOPMENT
Senators Reid (chairman), Byrd,
MILITARY CONSTRUCTION Hollings, Murray, Dorgan, Feinstein,
Senators Murray, Reid, Inouye, Harkin, Domenici, Cochran, McCon-
Burns, Hutchison, Craig, Kyl. nell, Bennett, Burns, Craig.

198
 FOREIGN OPERATIONS minority member of the Committee, are ex
Senators Leahy (chairman), Inouye, officio members of all subcommittees of
Harkin, Mikulski, Durbin, Johnson, which they are not regular members.)
Landrieu, Reed, McConnell, Specter, AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Gregg, Shelby, Bennett, Campbell,
Bond. Senators Bennett (chairman), Coch-
ran, Specter, Bond, McConnell, Burns,
INTERIOR Craig, Brownback, Kohl, Harkin,
Senators Byrd (chairman), Leahy, Dorgan, Feinstein, Durbin, Johnson,
Hollings, Reid, Dorgan, Feinstein, Landrieu.
Murray, Inouye, Burns, Stevens, Coch- COMMERCE, JUSTICE, STATE, AND
ran, Domenici, Bennett, Gregg, JUDICIARY
Campbell.
Senators Gregg (chairman), Stevens,
LABOR, HEALTH AND HUMAN Domenici, McConnell, Hutchison,
SERVICES, EDUCATION Campbell, Brownback, Hollings,
Senators Harkin (chairman), Hol- Inouye, Mikulski, Leahy, Kohl, Mur-
lings, Inouye, Reid, Kohl, Murray, ray.
Landrieu, Byrd, Specter, Cochran,
DEFENSE
Gregg, Craig, Hutchison, Stevens,
DeWine. Senators Stevens (chairman), Coch-
ran, Specter, Domenici, Bond, McCon-
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH nell, Shelby, Gregg, Hutchison,
Senators Durbin (chairman), John- Burns, Inouye, Hollings, Byrd, Leahy,
son, Reed, Bennett, Stevens. Harkin, Dorgan, Durbin, Reid, Fein-
MILITARY CONSTRUCTION
stein.
Senators Feinstein (chairman), DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Inouye, Johnson, Landrieu, Reid, Senators DeWine (chairman),
Hutchison, Burns, Craig, DeWine. Brownback, Hutchison, Landrieu,
TRANSPORTATION Durbin.
Senators Murray (chairman), Byrd, ENERGY AND WATER DEVELOPMENT
Mikulski, Reid, Kohl, Durbin, Leahy, Senators Domenici (chairman),
Shelby, Specter, Bond, Bennett, Cochran, McConnell, Bennett, Burns,
Campbell, Hutchison. Craig, Bond, Reid, Byrd, Hollings,
TREASURY AND GENERAL Murray, Dorgan, Feinstein.
GOVERNMENT
FOREIGN OPERATIONS
Senators Dorgan (chairman), Mikul- Senators McConnell (chairman),
ski, Landrieu, Reed, Campbell, Shelby, Specter, Gregg, Shelby, Bennett,
DeWine. Campbell, Bond, DeWine, Leahy,
VA-HUD-INDEPENDENT AGENCIES Inouye, Harkin, Mikulski, Durbin,
Senators Mikulski (chairman), Johnson, Landrieu.
Leahy, Harkin, Byrd, Kohl, Johnson, HOMELAND SECURITY
Hollings, Bond, Burns, Shelby, Craig,
Domenici, DeWine. Senators Cochran (chairman), Ste-
vens, Specter, Domenici, McConnell,
Shelby, Gregg, Campbell, Craig, Byrd,
ONE HUNDRED EIGHTH Inouye, Hollings, Leahy, Harkin, Mi-
CONGRESS kulski, Kohl, Murray.
March 4, 2003 INTERIOR
(Senator Stevens, as chairman of the Senators Burns (chairman), Stevens,
Committee, and Senator Byrd, as ranking Cochran, Domenici, Bennett, Gregg,

199
Campbell, Brownback, Dorgan, Byrd, DEFENSE
Leahy, Hollings, Reid, Feinstein, Mi- Senators Stevens (chairman), Coch-
kulski. ran, Specter, Domenici, Bond, McCon-
LABOR, HHS, EDUCATION nell, Shelby, Gregg, Hutchison,
Burns, Inouye, Byrd, Leahy, Harkin,
Senators Specter (chairman), Coch- Dorgan, Durbin, Reid, Feinstein, Mi-
ran, Gregg, Craig, Hutchison, Stevens, kulski.
DeWine, Shelby, Harkin, Hollings,
Inouye, Reid, Kohl, Murray, Landrieu. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
Senators Brownback (chairman),
DeWine, Allard, Landrieu, Durbin.
Senators Campbell (chairman), Ben-
nett, Stevens, Durbin, Johnson. ENERGY AND WATER DEVELOPMENT

MILITARY CONSTRUCTION
Senators Domenici (chairman),
Cochran, McConnell, Bennett, Burns,
Senators Hutchison (chairman), Craig, Bond, Hutchison, Allard, Reid,
Burns, Craig, DeWine, Brownback, Byrd, Murray, Dorgan, Feinstein,
Feinstein, Inouye, Johnson, Landrieu. Johnson, Landrieu, Inouye.
TRANSPORTATION/TREASURY HOMELAND SECURITY
Senators Shelby (chairman), Specter, Senators Gregg (chairman), Cochran,
Bond, Bennett, Campbell, Hutchison, Stevens, Specter, Domenici, Shelby,
DeWine, Brownback, Murray, Byrd, Craig, Bennett, Allard, Byrd, Inouye,
Mikulski, Reid, Kohl, Durbin, Dor- Leahy, Mikulski, Kohl, Murray, Reid,
gan. Feinstein.
VA-HUD-INDEPENDENT AGENCIES INTERIOR
Senators Bond (chairman), Burns, Senators Burns (chairman), Stevens,
Shelby, Craig, Domenici, DeWine, Cochran, Domenici, Bennett, Gregg,
Hutchison, Mikulski, Leahy, Harkin, Craig, Allard, Dorgan, Byrd, Leahy,
Byrd, Johnson, Reid. Reid, Feinstein, Mikulski, Kohl.
LABOR, HHS, EDUCATION
ONE HUNDRED NINTH Senators Specter (chairman), Coch-
CONGRESS ran, Gregg, Craig, Hutchison, Stevens,
April 6, 2005 DeWine, Shelby, Harkin, Inouye,
Reid, Kohl, Murray, Landrieu, Dur-
(Senator Cochran, as chairman of the bin.
Committee, and Senator Byrd, as ranking
minority member of the Committee, are ex LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
officio members of all subcommittees of Senators Allard (chairman), Cochran,
which they are not regular members.) DeWine, Durbin, Johnson.
AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEVELOPMENT MILITARY CONSTRUCTION/VETERANS
Senators Bennett (chairman), Coch- AFFAIRS
ran, Specter, Bond, McConnell, Burns, Senators Hutchison (chairman),
Craig, Brownback, Kohl, Harkin, Burns, Craig, DeWine, Brownback,
Dorgan, Feinstein, Durbin, Johnson, Allard, McConnell, Feinstein, Inouye,
Landrieu. Johnson, Landrieu, Byrd, Murray.
COMMERCE, JUSTICE, AND SCIENCE STATE, FOREIGN OPERATIONS
Senators Shelby (chairman), Gregg, Senators McConnell (chairman),
Stevens, Domenici, McConnell, Specter, Gregg, Shelby, Bennett,
Hutchison, Brownback, Bond, Mikul- Bond, DeWine, Brownback, Leahy,
ski, Inouye, Leahy, Kohl, Murray, Inouye, Harkin, Mikulski, Durbin,
Harkin, Dorgan. Johnson, Landrieu.

200
 TRANSPORTATION/TREASURY/ DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND
JUDICIARY/HUD SECURITY
Senators Bond (chairman), Shelby, Senators Byrd (chairman), Inouye,
Specter, Bennett, Hutchison, DeWine, Leahy, Mikulski, Kohl, Murray,
Brownback, Stevens, Domenici, Burns, Landrieu, Lautenberg, Nelson, Coch-
Murray, Byrd, Mikulski, Reid, Kohl, ran, Gregg, Stevens, Specter, Domen-
Durbin, Dorgan, Leahy, Harkin. ici, Shelby, Craig, Alexander.
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, ENVI-
ONE HUNDRED TENTH RONMENT, AND RELATED AGENCIES
CONGRESS Senators Feinstein (chairman), Byrd,
February 26, 2007 Leahy, Dorgan, Mikulski, Kohl, John-
(Senator Byrd, as chairman of the son, Reed, Nelson, Craig, Stevens,
Committee, and Senator Cochran, as rank- Cochran, Domenici, Bennett, Gregg,
ing minority member of the Committee, are Allard, Alexander.
ex officio members of all subcommittees of DEPARTMENTS OF LABOR, HEALTH
which they are not regular members.) AND HUMAN SERVICES, AND EDU-
AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, CATION, AND RELATED AGENCIES
FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, Senators Harkin (chairman), Inouye,
AND RELATED AGENCIES Kohl, Murray, Landrieu, Durbin,
Senators Kohl (chairman), Harkin, Reed, Lautenberg, Specter, Cochran,
Dorgan, Feinstein, Durbin, Johnson, Gregg, Craig, Hutchison, Stevens,
Nelson, Reed, Bennett, Cochran, Spec- Shelby.
ter, Bond, McConnell, Craig,
Brownback. LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
Senators Landrieu (chairman), Dur-
COMMERCE, JUSTICE, SCIENCE, AND
bin, Nelson, Allard, Alexander.
RELATED AGENCIES
Senators Mikulski (chairman), MILITARY CONSTRUCTION AND VET-
Inouye, Leahy, Kohl, Harkin, Dorgan, ERANS AFFAIRS, AND RELATED
Feinstein, Reed, Lautenberg, Shelby, AGENCIES
Gregg, Stevens, Domenici, McConnell, Senators Johnson (chairman),
Hutchison, Brownback, Alexander. Inouye, Landrieu, Byrd, Murray, Reed,
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Nelson, Hutchison, Craig, Brownback,
Allard, McConnell, Bennett.
Senators Inouye (chairman), Byrd,
Leahy, Harkin, Dorgan, Durbin, Fein- STATE, FOREIGN OPERATIONS, AND
stein, Mikulski, Kohl, Murray, Ste- RELATED PROGRAMS
vens, Cochran, Specter, Domenici, Senators Leahy (chairman), Inouye,
Bond, McConnell, Shelby, Gregg, Harkin, Mikulski, Durbin, Johnson,
Hutchison. Landrieu, Reed, Gregg, McConnell,
ENERGY AND WATER DEVELOPMENT Specter, Bennett, Bond, Brownback,
Senators Dorgan (chairman), Byrd, Alexander.
Murray, Feinstein, Johnson, Landrieu, TRANSPORTATION AND HOUSING AND
Inouye, Reed, Lautenberg, Domenici, URBAN DEVELOPMENT, AND RE-
Cochran, McConnell, Bennett, Craig, LATED AGENCIES
Bond, Hutchison, Allard.
Senators Murray (chairman), Byrd,
FINANCIAL SERVICES AND GENERAL Mikulski, Kohl, Durbin, Dorgan,
GOVERNMENT Leahy, Harkin, Feinstein, Johnson,
Senators Durbin (chairman), Murray, Lautenberg, Bond, Shelby, Specter,
Landrieu, Lautenberg, Nelson, Bennett, Hutchison, Brownback, Ste-
Brownback, Bond, Shelby, Allard. vens, Domenici, Alexander, Allard.

201
 November 2, 2007 ran, Gregg, Stevens, Specter, Domen-
(Senator Byrd, as chairman of the ici, Shelby, Craig, Alexander.
Committee, and Senator Cochran, as rank- DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, ENVI-
ing minority member of the Committee, are RONMENT, AND RELATED AGENCIES
ex officio members of all subcommittees of
which they are not regular members.) Senators Feinstein (chairman), Byrd,
Leahy, Dorgan, Mikulski, Kohl, John-
AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, son, Reed, Nelson, Allard, Craig, Ste-
FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, vens, Cochran, Domenici, Bennett,
AND RELATED AGENCIES Gregg, Alexander.
Senators Kohl (chairman), Harkin,
Dorgan, Feinstein, Durbin, Johnson, DEPARTMENTS OF LABOR, HEALTH
Nelson, Reed, Bennett, Cochran, Spec- AND HUMAN SERVICES, AND EDU-
ter, Bond, McConnell, Craig, CATION, AND RELATED AGENCIES
Brownback. Senators Harkin (chairman), Inouye,
Kohl, Murray, Landrieu, Durbin,
COMMERCE, JUSTICE, SCIENCE, AND
Reed, Lautenberg, Specter, Cochran,
RELATED AGENCIES
Gregg, Craig, Hutchison, Stevens,
Senators Mikulski (chairman), Shelby.
Inouye, Leahy, Kohl, Harkin, Dorgan,
Feinstein, Reed, Lautenberg, Shelby, LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
Gregg, Stevens, Domenici, McConnell, Senators Landrieu (chairman), Dur-
Hutchison, Brownback, Alexander. bin, Nelson, Alexander, Allard.
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE MILITARY CONSTRUCTION AND VET-
Senators Inouye (chairman), Byrd, ERANS AFFAIRS, AND RELATED
Leahy, Harkin, Dorgan, Durbin, Fein- AGENCIES
stein, Mikulski, Kohl, Murray, Ste- Senators Johnson (chairman),
vens, Cochran, Specter, Domenici, Inouye, Landrieu, Byrd, Murray, Reed,
Bond, McConnell, Shelby, Gregg, Nelson, Hutchison, Craig, Brownback,
Hutchison. Allard, McConnell, Bennett.
ENERGY AND WATER DEVELOPMENT
STATE, FOREIGN OPERATIONS, AND
Senators Dorgan (chairman), Byrd, RELATED PROGRAMS
Murray, Feinstein, Johnson, Landrieu,
Inouye, Reed, Lautenberg, Domenici, Senators Leahy (chairman), Inouye,
Cochran, McConnell, Bennett, Craig, Harkin, Mikulski, Durbin, Johnson,
Bond, Hutchison, Allard. Landrieu, Reed, Gregg, McConnell,
Specter, Bennett, Bond, Brownback,
FINANCIAL SERVICES AND GENERAL Alexander.
GOVERNMENT
TRANSPORTATION AND HOUSING AND
Senators Durbin (chairman), Murray, URBAN DEVELOPMENT, AND RE-
Landrieu, Lautenberg, Nelson, LATED AGENCIES
Brownback, Bond, Shelby, Allard.
Senators Murray (chairman), Byrd,
DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND Mikulski, Kohl, Durbin, Dorgan,
SECURITY Leahy, Harkin, Feinstein, Johnson,
Senators Byrd (chairman), Inouye, Lautenberg, Bond, Shelby, Specter,
Leahy, Mikulski, Kohl, Murray, Bennett, Hutchison, Brownback, Ste-
Landrieu, Lautenberg, Nelson, Coch- vens, Domenici, Alexander, Allard.

202
 Membership of the Committee
(BY STATE AND TERM OF SERVICE)
(Democrats in italic; Republicans in roman; Other in small caps)
ALABAMA
Name Service on Committee
Bankhead, John H., II ............................... Jan. 4, 1934–June 12, 1946
Hill, J. Lister ........................................... Jan. 10, 1949–Jan. 2, 1969
Shelby, Richard C ................................... Jan. 3, 1995–
Underwood, Oscar W ................................. Dec. 13, 1915–June 2, 1920
ALASKA
Bartlett, E.L ............................................. Feb. 25, 1963–Dec. 11, 1968
Stevens, Ted ............................................ Feb. 23, 1972–
ARIZONA
Cameron, Ralph H .................................. Dec. 15, 1925–Mar. 3, 1927
DeConcini, Dennis W ................................ Jan. 10, 1977–Jan. 2, 1995
Hayden, Carl T ........................................ Dec. 13, 1927–Jan. 2, 1969
Kyl, Jon ..................................................
Jan. 7, 1999–Jan 25, 2001
June 6, 2001–July 10, 2001
Smith, Marcus A ....................................... Mar. 12, 1917–Mar. 3, 1921
ARKANSAS
Berry, James H ......................................... May 11, 1897–Mar. 3, 1907
Brownback, Sam ........................................ Jan. 15, 2003–
Bumpers, Dale ........................................... Jan. 27, 1978–Jan. 6, 1999
Dorsey, Stephen W ................................. Feb. 13, 1874–Mar. 3, 1879
McClellan, John L ..................................... Jan. 10, 1949–Nov. 28, 1977
Robinson, Joseph T ..................................... Dec. 13, 1915–Sept. 9, 1918

CALIFORNIA
Booth, Newton ........................................ Mar. 19, 1879–Mar. 3, 1881
Boxer, Barbara ......................................... Jan. 9, 1997–Jan. 7, 1999
Cole, Cornelius ........................................ Mar. 7, 1867–Mar. 3, 1873
Feinstein, Dianne ....................................... Jan. 7, 1993–Jan. 3, 1995
Jan. 7, 1999–
Knowland, William F ............................. Jan. 6, 1947–Jan. 10, 1949
July 26, 1949–Jan. 2, 1959
Kuchel, Thomas H .................................. Jan. 20, 1959–Jan. 2, 1969
McAdoo, William Gibbs ............................ Jan. 3, 1935–Nov. 8, 1938
Perkins, George C ................................... Dec. 30, 1895–Mar. 3, 1915
Sargent, Aaron A ..................................... Mar. 12, 1873–Mar. 3, 1879

203
 Name Service on Committee
COLORADO
Adams, Alva B ......................................... Mar. 9, 1933–Dec. 1, 1941
Allard, Wayne ......................................... Jan. 6, 2005–
Allott, Gordon ........................................ Jan. 20, 1959–Jan. 2, 1973
Campbell, Ben Nighthorse ...................... Oct. 12, 1995–Jan. 4, 2005
Phipps, Lawrence C ................................. May 28, 1919–Mar. 3, 1931
Shafroth, John F ....................................... Mar. 15, 1913–Mar. 3, 1919
TELLER, HENRY M.1 ................................ Mar. 15, 1893–Mar. 3, 1909

CONNECTICUT
Bingham, Hiram ..................................... Dec. 14, 1926–Mar. 3, 1933
Dodd, Thomas J ........................................ Jan. 14, 1959–Jan. 10, 1961
Eaton, William W .................................... Mar. 9, 1875–Mar. 19, 1875
Mar. 9, 1877–Dec. 5, 1878
Mar. 19, 1879–Mar. 3, 1881
Maloney, Francis T ................................... Jan. 10, 1939–Jan. 16, 1945
Weicker, Lowell P., Jr ............................ Feb. 22, 1977–Jan. 2, 1989

DELAWARE
Bayard, Thomas F., Jr .............................. Dec. 10, 1923–Dec. 13, 1927
Boggs, J. Caleb ....................................... Jan. 14, 1969–Jan. 2, 1973
Townsend, John G., Jr ............................ Mar. 9, 1933–Jan. 2, 1941

FLORIDA
Bryan, Nathan P ...................................... Mar. 15, 1913–Mar. 3, 1917
Call, Wilkinson ........................................ Dec. 10, 1883–Mar. 3, 1897
Chiles, Lawton M ..................................... Jan. 4, 1873–Jan. 2, 1989
Holland, Spessard L ................................... Jan. 11, 1955–Jan. 2, 1971
Mack, Connie .......................................... Jan. 7, 1993–Jan. 2, 2001

GEORGIA
Clay, Alexander S ..................................... June 21, 1906–Nov. 13, 1910
Cohen, John S ........................................... Apr. 25, 1932–Jan. 11, 1933
Fowler, Wyche, Jr ...................................... Feb. 2, 1989–Jan. 2, 1993
Hardwick, Thomas W ............................... Mar. 12, 1917–Mar. 3, 1919
Harris, William J ..................................... May 28, 1919–Apr. 18, 1932
Mattingly, Mack F .................................. Jan. 5, 1981–Jan. 2, 1987
Russell, Richard B., Jr .............................. Jan. 10, 1933–Jan. 21, 1971

HAWAII
Fong, Hiram, L ....................................... Jan. 14, 1969–Jan. 2, 1977
Inouye, Daniel K ....................................... Jan. 28, 1971–

IDAHO
Craig, Larry ............................................. Jan. 9, 1997–
Dworshak, Henry C ................................ Jan. 6, 1947–Jan. 2, 1949
Jan. 13, 1953–July 23, 1962
McClure, James A ................................... Jan. 23, 1979–Jan. 2, 1991

204
 Name Service on Committee
ILLINOIS
Brooks, C. Wayland ................................ Jan. 21, 1941–Jan. 2, 1949
Cullom, Shelby M ................................... Dec. 17, 1891–Mar. 22, 1909
Dirksen, Everett M ................................. Jan. 13, 1953–Jan. 20, 1959
Durbin, Richard J .....................................Jan. 7, 1999–
Farwell, Charles B ................................... Dec. 12, 1887–Mar. 3, 1891
Glenn, Otis F ..........................................
Apr. 22, 1929–Dec. 14, 1931
Logan, John A .........................................Mar. 18, 1881–Mar. 13, 1885
Dec. 14, 1885–Dec. 26, 1886
McKinley, William B ............................. Apr. 18, 1921–Dec. 7, 1926
Percy, Charles H ..................................... Jan. 29, 1971–Jan. 2, 1972
Feb. 23, 1972–Jan. 12, 1973
Sherman, Lawrence Y .............................. Mar. 12, 1917–Mar. 3, 1921
INDIANA
Bayh, Birch E ........................................... Aug. 2, 1972–Jan. 2, 1981
Hemenway, James A ............................... Dec. 17, 1907–Mar. 3, 1909
Willis, Raymond E ................................. Jan. 10, 1945–Jan. 2, 1947
IOWA
Allison, William B ................................. Mar. 12, 1873–Aug. 4, 1908
Dickinson, Lester J .................................. Dec. 14, 1931–Jan. 2, 1937
Grassley, Charles E .................................. Jan. 6, 1987–Feb. 5, 1991
Grimes, James W .................................... Mar. 7, 1867–Dec. 6, 1869
Harkin, Tom ............................................. Feb. 21, 1985–
Kenyon, William S ................................. Mar. 12, 1917–Feb. 24, 1922
KANSAS
Curtis, Charles ......................................... Mar. 22, 1909–Mar. 4, 1913
Dec. 13, 1915–Mar. 3, 1929
Pearson, James B ..................................... Jan. 14, 1969–Jan. 29, 1971
Plumb, Preston B .................................... Mar. 18, 1881–Dec. 20, 1891
Reed, Clyde M ........................................ Jan. 14, 1943–Nov. 8, 1949
Schoeppel, Andrew F ............................... Jan. 13, 1961–Jan. 21, 1962
KENTUCKY
Beck, James B ........................................... Mar. 9, 1877–May 3, 1890
Blackburn, Joseph C.S ................................ May 27, 1890–Mar. 3, 1897
Clements, Earle C ...................................... Jan. 11, 1955–Jan. 2, 1957
Guthrie, James .......................................... Mar. 7, 1867–Feb. 7, 1868
Huddleston, Walter D ............................... Jan. 17, 1975–Jan. 2, 1985
McConnell, Mitch ................................... Jan. 7, 1993–
Stevenson, John W ..................................... Mar. 10, 1871–Mar. 9, 1875
LOUISIANA
Broussard, Edwin S ................................... Dec. 10, 1923–Mar. 3, 1933
Ellender, Allen J ....................................... Jan. 10, 1949–July 27, 1972
Foster, Murphy J ....................................... Dec. 17, 1907–Mar. 3, 1913
Gay, Edward J ......................................... Dec. 3, 1918–Mar. 3, 1921
Johnston, J. Bennett ................................... Jan. 17, 1975–Jan. 2, 1997

205
 Name Service on Committee
Landrieu, Mary ......................................... Jan. 25, 2001–June 6, 2001
July 10, 2001–
Overton, John H ........................................ Mar. 9, 1933–May 14, 1948
West, J. Rodman .................................... Mar. 10, 1871–Mar. 3, 1877
MAINE
Blaine, James G ......................................
Dec. 6, 1876–Mar. 18, 1881
Fessenden, William Pitt .......................... Mar. 8, 1869–Sept. 9, 1869
Hale, Eugene ...........................................
Mar. 18, 1881–Mar. 3, 1911
Hale, Frederick ........................................
May 28, 1919–Jan. 2, 1941
Morrill, Lot M .........................................
Mar. 7, 1867–Mar. 3, 1869
Mar. 8, 1869–Mar. 10, 1871
Dec. 6, 1872– July 7, 1876
Smith, Margaret Chase ............................ Jan. 13, 1953–Jan. 2, 1973
White, Wallace H., Jr ............................ Jan. 21, 1941–Jan. 6, 1947
MARYLAND
Gorman, Arthur P .................................... Mar. 13, 1885– Mar. 3, 1899
Dec. 18, 1905–June 4, 1906
Mathias, Charles McC., Jr ....................... Jan. 12, 1973–Jan. 5, 1981
Mikulski, Barbara A ................................ Jan. 6, 1987–
Sarbanes, Paul S ....................................... Jan. 10, 1977–Feb. 11, 1977
Smith, John Walter ................................. May 1, 1911–Mar. 3, 1921
Tydings, Millard E ................................... Dec. 6, 1932–Jan. 10, 1949
MASSACHUSETTS
Brooke, Edward W ................................. Jan. 29, 1971–Jan. 2, 1979
Coolidge, Marcus A ................................... Mar. 9, 1933–Jan. 2, 1937
Dawes, Henry L ...................................... Mar. 18, 1881–Mar. 3, 1893
Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr ........................... Feb. 16, 1938–Feb. 3, 1944
Saltonstall, Leverett ................................. Jan. 6, 1947–Jan. 2, 1967
Weeks, John W ...................................... Sept. 3, 1918–Mar. 3, 1919
Wilson, Henry ........................................ Mar. 7, 1867–Dec. 8, 1870
MICHIGAN
Ferguson, Homer J .................................. Jan. 10, 1945–Jan. 2, 1955
McMillan, James ..................................... Feb. 7, 1902–Aug. 10, 1902
Newberry, Truman H ............................. May 28, 1919–Nov. 18, 1922
Potter, Charles E ..................................... Jan. 11, 1955–Jan. 2, 1959
Riegle, Donald W ..................................... Jan. 10, 1977–Feb. 11, 1977
Townsend, Charles E ............................... Dec. 13, 1915–Mar. 12, 1917
MINNESOTA
Ball, Joseph H ......................................... Feb. 21, 1944–Jan. 2, 1949
Humphrey, Hubert H ................................. Jan. 10, 1961–Dec. 29, 1964
Thye, Edward J ....................................... Jan. 15, 1951–Jan. 2, 1959
Windom, William .................................. Mar. 10, 1871–Mar. 14, 1881
MISSISSIPPI
Ames, Adelbert ....................................... Mar. 12, 1873–Jan. 10, 1874

206
 Name Service on Committee
Cochran, Thad ......................................... Jan. 5, 1981–
Doxey, Wall ............................................. Dec. 15, 1941–Jan. 2, 1943
Stennis, John C ......................................... Jan. 11, 1955–Jan. 2, 1989
MISSOURI
Bond, Christopher S ................................ Feb. 5, 1991–
Cockrell, Francis M ................................... Mar. 18, 1881–Mar. 3, 1905
Eagleton, Thomas F ................................... Jan. 4, 1973–Feb. 21, 1985
Patterson, Roscoe C ................................. Jan. 11, 1934–Jan. 2, 1935
Spencer, Selden P .................................... May 28, 1919–May 16, 1925
Truman, Harry S ...................................... Jan. 3, 1935–Jan. 18, 1945
MONTANA
Burns, Conrad ......................................... Jan. 7, 1993–Jan. 3, 2007
Carter, Thomas H ................................... Dec. 15, 1899–Mar. 3, 1901
Dixon, Joseph M ..................................... May 1, 1911–Mar. 3, 1913
Ecton, Zales N ........................................ Jan. 15, 1951–Jan. 2, 1953
Mansfield, Michael J ................................. Feb. 25, 1963–Jan. 2, 1977
Melcher, John ............................................ Jan. 10, 1977–Feb. 11, 1977
NEBRASKA
Burke, Edward R ...................................... Jan. 8, 1937–Jan. 2, 1941
Burkett, Elmer J ..................................... Mar. 22, 1909–Mar. 3, 1911
Hruska, Roman L .................................... Jan. 20, 1959–Dec. 27, 1976
Kerrey, J. Robert ........................................ Feb. 2, 1989–Jan. 2, 1997
Nelson, Ben ............................................... Jan. 12, 2007–
Wherry, Kenneth S ................................. Jan. 18, 1945–Nov. 29, 1951
NEVADA
Bible, Alan H ........................................... Jan. 14, 1959–Dec. 17, 1974
Laxalt, Paul D ......................................... Dec. 18, 1974–Jan. 23, 1975
Jan. 23, 1979–Jan. 2, 1987
McCarran, Patrick A ................................ Mar. 9, 1933–Sept. 28, 1954
Nixon, George S ..................................... May 1, 1911–June 5, 1912
Oddie, Tasker L ...................................... Dec. 13, 1927–Mar. 3, 1933
Reid, Harry .............................................. Jan. 6, 1987–Jan. 12, 2007
Stewart, William M ................................ Dec. 17, 1891–Mar. 15, 1893
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Bridges, H. Styles ................................... Jan. 8, 1937–Nov. 26, 1961
Cotton, Norris ......................................... Feb. 2, 1962–Dec. 31, 1974
Durkin, John A ........................................ Jan. 23, 1979–Dec. 29, 1980
Gallinger, Jacob H .................................. Dec. 1, 1903–Aug. 17, 1918
Gregg, Judd ............................................ Jan. 3, 1995–
Keyes, Henry W ..................................... Dec. 5, 1922–Jan. 2, 1937
Rudman, Warren B ................................. Jan. 5, 1981–Jan. 2, 1993
NEW JERSEY
Case, Clifford P ....................................... Feb. 2, 1962–Jan. 2, 1979
Kean, John .............................................. Mar. 22, 1909–Mar. 3, 1911

207
 Name Service on Committee
Lautenberg, Frank R ................................. Feb. 21, 1985–Jan. 2, 2001
Jan. 12, 2007–
Sewell, William J .................................... May 11, 1897–Dec. 27, 1901
Stockton, John P ........................................ Mar. 8, 1869–Mar. 10, 1871
NEW MEXICO
Bratton, Sam G ........................................ Jan. 5, 1928–June 24, 1933
Chavez, Dennis ......................................... Jan. 10, 1939–Jan. 6, 1947
May 26, 1948–Nov. 18, 1962
Domenici, Pete V .................................... Jan. 3, 1983–
Jones, Andrieus A ...................................... June 2, 1920–Dec. 20, 1927
Montoya, Joseph M .................................... Jan. 14, 1969–Jan. 2, 1977
Schmitt, Harrison H ............................... Jan. 25, 1979–Jan. 2, 1983
NEW YORK
Calder, William M .................................. Sept. 3, 1918–May 28, 1919
Conkling, Roscoe .................................... Mar. 7, 1867–Mar. 8, 1869
Copeland, Royal S ..................................... Dec. 13, 1927–June 17, 1938
D’Amato, Alfonse M ............................... Jan. 5, 1981–Jan. 2, 1995
Ives, Irving M .........................................May 22, 1957–Jan. 2, 1959
Javits, Jacob K ........................................Aug. 8, 1962–Feb. 25, 1963
Jan. 16, 1967–Jan. 14, 1969
Mead, James M ......................................... Dec. 15, 1941–Jan. 2, 1947
Murphy, Edward, Jr .................................. May 11, 1897–Mar. 3, 1899
NORTH CAROLINA
Faircloth, Lauch ....................................... Jan. 9. 1997–Jan. 3, 1999
Morrison, Cameron A ................................. Jan. 5, 1931–Dec. 4, 1932
Overman, Lee S .......................................... Dec. 8, 1910–Dec. 12, 1930
Pool, John ............................................... Dec. 8, 1869–Mar. 10, 1871
Ransom, Matt W ...................................... Mar. 18, 1881–Mar. 13, 1885
NORTH DAKOTA
Andrews, Mark ........................................ Jan. 5, 1981–Jan. 2, 1987
Burdick, Quentin N ................................... Feb. 11, 1977–Sept. 8, 1992
Conrad, Kent ............................................. Sept. 18, 1992–Jan. 7, 1993
Dorgan, Byron .......................................... Jan. 9, 1997–
Gronna, Asle J ........................................ May 28, 1919–Mar. 3, 1921
Nye, Gerald P ......................................... Dec. 13, 1927–Jan. 2, 1945
Young, Milton R .................................... Jan. 6, 1947–Jan. 2, 1981
OHIO
Brice, Calvin S ......................................... Mar. 15, 1893–Mar. 3, 1897
Burton, Harold H ................................... Jan. 14, 1943–Sept. 30, 1945
DeWine, Mike ........................................ Jan. 25, 2001–Jan. 3, 2007
Taft, Robert A ........................................ Jan. 10, 1939–Jan. 21, 1941
OKLAHOMA
Bellmon, Henry L ................................... Jan. 12, 1973–Jan. 2, 1981
Monroney, A.S. Mike ................................. Jan. 14, 1959–Jan. 2, 1969

208
 Name Service on Committee
Nickles, Don ........................................... Jan. 6, 1987–Jan. 2, 1995
Owen, Robert L ......................................... May 1, 1911–Dec. 10, 1923
Pine, W.B ............................................... Apr. 22, 1929–Mar. 3, 1931
Thomas, J.W. Elmer .................................. Dec. 14, 1931–Jan. 2, 1951

OREGON
Bourne, Jonathan, Jr ............................... May 1, 1911–Mar. 3, 1913
Chamberlain, George E .............................. Mar. 15, 1913–May 28, 1919
Cordon, Guy ........................................... Dec. 18, 1945–Jan. 2, 1955
Hatfield, Mark O .................................... Feb. 23, 1972–Jan. 2, 1997
Holman, Rufus C .................................... Jan. 10, 1939–Jan. 2, 1945
Steiwer, Frederick .................................... Jan. 11, 1930–Jan. 31, 1938

PENNSYLVANIA
Buckalew, Charles R ............................... Dec. 10, 1868–Mar. 3, 1869
Davis, James J ......................................... Dec. 14, 1931–Mar. 9, 1933
Oliver, George T ..................................... Aug. 8, 1912–Mar. 3, 1917
Quay, Matthew S .................................... Dec. 30, 1895–Dec. 15, 1899
Dec. 18, 1901–May 28, 1904
Schweiker, Richard S ............................... Jan. 12, 1973–Jan. 2, 1981
Specter, Arlen .......................................... Jan. 5, 1981–
Wallace, William A ................................ Mar. 9, 1875–Mar. 9, 1877
Dec. 5, 1878–Mar. 3, 1881
RHODE ISLAND
Green, Theodore Francis ............................. Jan. 8, 1937–Jan. 10, 1949
Pastore, John O ......................................... Jan. 9, 1957–Dec. 28, 1976
Reed, Jack ................................................. July 10, 2001–Jan. 15, 2003
Jan. 12, 2007–
Sprague, William .................................... Mar. 8, 1869–Mar. 3, 1875
Wetmore, George P ................................ Dec. 15, 1899–Mar. 3, 1907
May 1, 1911–Mar. 3, 1913

SOUTH CAROLINA
Benet, Christie ........................................... July 11, 1918–Nov. 5, 1918
Byrnes, James F ......................................... Dec. 14, 1931–July 8, 1941
Hollings, Ernest F ..................................... Jan. 28, 1971–Jan. 4, 2005
Lumpkin, Alva M ..................................... July 31, 1941–Aug. 1, 1941
Maybank, Burnet R ................................... Dec. 15, 1941–Jan. 6, 1947
Jan. 10, 1949–Sept. 1, 1954
Peace, Roger C ........................................... Aug. 7, 1941–Nov. 4, 1941
Pollock, William P .................................... Dec. 3, 1918–Mar. 3, 1919
Sawyer, Frederick A ................................ Mar. 8, 1869–Mar. 3, 1873
Tillman, Benjamin R .............................. Dec. 15, 1899–July 3, 1918

SOUTH DAKOTA
Abdnor, James ......................................... Jan. 5, 1981–Jan. 2, 1987
Gamble, Robert J .................................... May 1, 1911–Mar. 3, 1913
Gurney, Chan .......................................... Jan. 21, 1941–Jan. 2, 1951
Hitchcock, Herbert E .................................. Jan. 8, 1937–Nov. 8, 1938

209
Johnson, Tim ............................................. Jan. 25, 2001–June 6, 2001
July 10, 2001–
Mundt, Karl E ........................................ Jan. 13, 1953–Jan. 29, 1971
Feb. 23, 1972–Jan. 2, 1973
Norbeck, Peter ........................................ Dec. 14, 1931–Dec. 20, 1936
PETTIGREW, RICHARD F ......................... Dec. 30, 1895–Mar. 3, 1901
TENNESSEE
Alexander, Lamar ..................................... Jan. 12, 2007–
Kefauver, C. Estes ...................................... Jan. 14, 1959–Aug. 10, 1963
Lea, Luke ................................................. Mar. 15, 1913–Mar. 3, 1917
McKellar, Kenneth D ................................. Dec. 10, 1923–Jan. 2, 1953
Sasser, James R ......................................... Feb. 11, 1977–Jan. 2, 1995
TEXAS
Culberson, Charles A ................................. Mar. 22, 1909–Mar. 3, 1923
Gramm, Phil ........................................... Feb. 2, 1989–Oct. 12, 1995
Hutchison, Kay Bailey ............................ Jan. 9, 1997–
Johnson, Lyndon B .................................. Mar. 22, 1956–Jan. 3, 1961
Yarborough, Ralph W ............................... Jan. 8, 1965–Jan. 2, 1971
UTAH
Bennett, Robert F ................................... Jan. 4, 1995–
Garn, Jake ............................................... Jan. 23, 1979–Jan. 2, 1993
Murdock, Abe ............................................ Feb. 28, 1945–Jan. 2, 1947
Smoot, Reed ............................................ May 1, 1911–Mar. 3, 1933
VERMONT
Dale, Porter H ........................................ Dec. 14, 1931–Oct. 6, 1933
Dillingham, William P ........................... Mar. 15, 1913–Sept. 3, 1918
Edmunds, George F ................................ Dec. 8, 1870–Dec. 6, 1872
Jeffords, James M .................................... Jan. 4, 1995–Jan. 2, 1997
Leahy, Patrick J ........................................ Feb. 11, 1977–Jan. 7, 1997
Proctor, Redfield ..................................... Dec. 17, 1907–Mar. 4, 1908
VIRGINIA
Daniel, John W ........................................ Dec. 18, 1901–June 29, 1910
Glass, Carter ............................................
Feb. 13, 1920–May 28, 1946
Mahone, William .................................... Mar. 13, 1885–Mar. 3, 1887
Martin, Thomas S ..................................... Dec. 8, 1910–Nov. 12, 1919
Robertson, A. Willis .................................. Jan. 10, 1949–July 26, 1949
Jan. 12, 1950–Jan. 15, 1951
May 21, 1951–Dec. 30, 1966
Withers, Robert E ...................................... Mar. 19, 1875–Mar. 3, 1881
WASHINGTON
Adams, Brock ............................................ Feb. 2, 1898–Jan. 2, 1993
Gorton, Slade .......................................... Feb. 5, 1991–Jan. 3, 2001
Grammar, Elijah S .................................. Dec. 8, 1932–Mar. 3, 1933
Jones, Wesley L ....................................... Mar. 15, 1913–Nov. 19, 1932
Magnuson, Warren G ................................ Jan. 13, 1953–Jan. 2, 1981

210
Murray, Patty ........................................... Jan. 7, 1993–

WEST VIRGINIA
Byrd, Robert C .......................................... Jan. 14, 1959–
Davis, Henry G ........................................ Mar. 12, 1873–Mar. 3, 1883
Elkins, Stephen B .................................... Dec. 14, 1904–Jan. 4, 1911
Faulkner, Charles J ................................... Dec. 30, 1895–Mar. 3, 1899
Kilgore, Harley M ..................................... Jan. 10, 1949–Feb. 28, 1956
Neely, Matthew M .................................... Dec. 10, 1923–Mar. 9, 1925

WISCONSIN
Duffy, F. Ryan .........................................Jan. 8, 1937–Jan. 2, 1939
Howe, Timothy O ................................... Mar. 7, 1867–Mar. 8, 1869
Kasten, Robert W., Jr ............................. Jan. 5, 1981–Jan. 2, 1993
Kohl, Herb ................................................
Jan. 7, 1993–
Lenroot, Irvine L ..................................... Mar. 16, 1922–Mar. 3, 1927
McCarthy, Joseph R ................................ Jan. 15, 1951–May 21, 1951
Jan. 14, 1952–May 2, 1957
Proxmire, William ..................................... Aug. 23, 1963–Jan. 2, 1989
WYOMING
Carey, Robert D ...................................... Mar. 9, 1933–Jan. 2, 1937
Kendrick, John B ....................................... Mar. 9, 1925–Nov. 3, 1933
McGee, Gale W ........................................ Jan. 14, 1959–Jan. 2, 1977
O’Mahoney, Joseph C ................................. Jan. 4, 1934–Jan. 2, 1953
Warren, Francis E ................................... Dec. 15, 1899–Nov. 24, 1929
1 Republican, 1893–1897; Silver Republican, 1897–1901; Democrat, 1901–
1909.
NOTE.—From 1789 until 1933, the terms of the President and Vice Presi-
dent and the term of the Congress coincided, beginning on March 4 and ending
on March 3. This changed when the 20th amendment to the Constitution was
adopted in 1933. Beginning in 1934 the convening date for Congress became
January 3, and beginning in 1937 the starting date for the Presidential term
became January 20.

211
 Alphabetical Listing of Members of the
Committee
(INCLUDING STATE AND SERVICE ON COMMITTEE)
(Democrats in italics; Republicans in roman; others in small caps)
A
Abdnor, James .......................... South Dakota .......... Jan. 5, 1981–Jan. 2, 1887
Adams, Alva B .......................... Colorado .................. Mar. 9, 1933–Dec. 1, 1941
Adams, Brock ............................. Washington ............ Feb. 2, 1989–Jan. 2, 1993
Alexander, Lamar ..................... Tennessee ................ Jan. 12, 2007–
Allard, Wayne .......................... Colorado .................. Jan. 6, 2005–
Allison, William B ................... Iowa ........................ Mar. 12, 1873–Aug. 4, 1908
Allott, Gordon ......................... Colorado .................. Jan. 20, 1959–Jan. 2, 1973
Ames, Adelbert ........................ Mississippi .............. Mar. 12, 1873–Jan. 10, 1874
Andrews, Mark ......................... North Dakota .......... Jan. 5, 1981–Jan. 2, 1987
B
Ball, Joseph H .......................... Minnesota ................ Feb. 21, 1944–Jan. 2, 1949
Bankhead, John H., II ................ Alabama .................. Jan. 4, 1934–June 12, 1946
Bartlett, E.L .............................. Alaska ..................... Feb. 25, 1963–Dec. 11, 1968
Bayard, Thomas F., Jr ............... Delaware ................. Dec. 10, 1923–Dec. 13, 1927
Bayh, Birch E ............................ Indiana .................... Aug. 2, 1972–Jan. 2, 1981
Beck, James B ............................ Kentucky ................ Mar. 9, 1877–May 3, 1890
Bellmon, Henry L .................... Oklahoma ................ Jan. 12, 1973–Jan. 2, 1981
Benet, Christie ............................ South Carolina ........ July 11, 1918–Nov. 5, 1918
Bennett, Robert F .................... Utah ........................ Jan. 3, 1995–
Berry, James H ........................... Arkansas .................. May 11, 1897–Mar. 3, 1907
Bible, Alan H ............................ Nevada .................... Jan. 14, 1959–Dec. 17, 1974
Bingham, Hiram ...................... Connecticut ............. Dec. 14, 1926–Mar. 3, 1933
Blackburn, Joseph C.S ................. Kentucky ................ May 27, 1890–Mar. 3, 1897
Blaine, James G ....................... Maine ...................... Dec. 6, 1876–Mar. 18, 1881
Boggs, J. Caleb ........................ Delaware ................. Jan. 14, 1969–Jan. 2, 1973
Bond, Christopher S ................. Missouri .................. Feb. 5, 1991–
Booth, Newton ......................... California ................ Mar. 19, 1879–Mar. 3, 1881
Bourne, Jonathan, Jr ................ Oregon .................... May 1, 1911–Mar. 3, 1913
Boxer, Barbara ........................... California ................ Jan. 9, 1997–Jan. 7, 1999
Bratton, Sam G ........................ New Mexico ............ Jan. 5, 1928–June 24, 1933
Brice, Calvin S ........................... Ohio ........................ Mar. 15, 1893–Mar. 3, 1897
Bridges, H. Styles .................... New Hampshire ...... Jan. 8, 1937–Nov. 26, 1961
Brooke, Edward W ................... Massachusetts .......... Jan. 29, 1971–Jan. 2, 1979
Brooks, C. Wayland ................. Illinois ..................... Jan. 21, 1941–Jan. 2, 1949
Broussard, Edwin S .................... Louisiana ................. Dec. 10, 1923–Mar. 3, 1933
Brownback, Sam ......................... Kansas ..................... Jan. 15, 2003–
Bryan, Nathan P ....................... Florida ..................... Mar. 15, 1913–Mar. 3, 1917
Buckalew, Charles R ................... Pennsylvania ............ Dec. 10, 1868–Mar. 3, 1869
Bumpers, Dale ............................ Arkansas .................. Jan. 27, 1978–Jan. 6, 1999

213
Burdick, Quentin N .................... North Dakota .......... Feb. 11, 1977–Sept. 8, 1992
Burke, Edward R ....................... Nebraska ................. Jan. 8, 1937–Jan. 2, 1941
Burkett, Elmer J ...................... Nebraska ................. Mar. 22, 1909–Mar. 3, 1911
Burns, Conrad .......................... Montana .................. Jan. 7, 1993–Jan. 3, 2007
Burton, Harold H .................... Ohio ........................ Jan. 14, 1943–Sept. 30, 1945
Byrd, Robert C ........................... West Virginia ......... Jan. 14, 1959–
Byrnes, James F .......................... South Carolina ........ Dec. 14, 1931–July 8, 1941
C
Calder, William M ................... New York ............... Sept. 3, 1918–May 28, 1919
Call, Wilkinson ......................... Florida ..................... Dec. 10, 1883–Mar. 3, 1897
Cameron, Ralph H ................... Arizona .................... Dec. 15, 1925–Mar. 3, 1927
Campbell, Ben Nighthorse ....... Colorado .................. Oct. 12, 1995–Jan. 4, 2005
Carey, Robert D ....................... Wyoming ................ Mar. 9, 1933–Jan. 2, 1937
Carter, Thomas H .................... Montana .................. Dec. 15, 1899–Mar. 3, 1901
Case, Clifford P ........................ New Jersey .............. Feb. 2, 1962–Jan. 2, 1979
Chamberlain, George E ............... Oregon .................... Mar. 15, 1913–May 28, 1919
Chavez, Dennis ........................... New Mexico ............ Jan. 10, 1939–Jan. 6, 1947
May 26, 1948–Nov. 18, 1962
Chiles, Lawton M., Jr ................ Florida ..................... Jan. 4, 1973–Jan. 2, 1989
Clay, Alexander S ...................... Georgia ................... June 21, 1906–Nov. 13, 1910
Clements, Earle C ....................... Kentucky ................ Jan. 11, 1955–Jan. 2, 1957
Cochran, Thad .......................... Mississippi .............. Jan. 5, 1981–
Cockrell, Francis M .................... Missouri .................. Mar. 18, 1881–Mar. 3, 1905
Cohen, John S .......................... Georgia ................... Apr. 25, 1932–Jan. 11, 1933
Cole, Cornelius ......................... California ................ Mar. 7, 1867–Mar. 3, 1873
Conkling, Roscoe ..................... New York ............... Mar. 7, 1867–Mar. 8, 1869
Conrad, Kent .............................. North Dakota .......... Sept. 18, 1992–Jan. 7, 1993
Coolidge, Marcus A .................... Massachusetts .......... Mar. 9, 1933–Jan. 2, 1937
Copeland, Royal S ...................... New York ............... Dec. 13, 1927–June 17, 1938
Cordon, Guy ............................. Oregon .................... Dec. 18, 1945–Jan. 2, 1955
Cotton, Norris .......................... New Hampshire ...... Feb. 2, 1962–Dec. 31, 1974
Craig, Larry .............................. Idaho ....................... Jan. 9, 1997–
Culberson, Charles A .................. Texas ....................... Mar. 22, 1909–Mar. 3, 1923
Cullom, Shelby M .................... Illinois ..................... Dec. 17, 1891–Mar. 22, 1909
Curtis, Charles .......................... Kansas ..................... Mar. 22, 1909–Mar. 4, 1913
Dec. 13, 1915–Mar. 3, 1929
D
D’Amato, Alfonse M ................ New York ............... Jan. 5, 1981–Jan. 2, 1995
Dale, Porter H ......................... Vermont .................. Dec. 14, 1931–Oct. 6, 1933
Daniel, John W ......................... Virginia ................... Dec. 18, 1901–June 29, 1910
Davis, Henry G ......................... West Virginia ......... Mar. 12, 1873–Mar. 3, 1883
Davis, James J .......................... Pennsylvania ............ Dec. 14, 1931–Mar. 9, 1933
Dawes, Henry L ....................... Massachusetts .......... Mar. 18, 1881–Mar. 3, 1893
DeConcini, Dennis W ................. Arizona .................... Jan. 10, 1977–Jan. 2, 1995
DeWine, Mike ......................... Ohio ........................ Jan. 25, 2001–Jan. 3, 2007
Dickinson, L.J .......................... Iowa ........................ Dec. 14, 1931–Jan. 2, 1937
Dillingham, William P ............ Vermont .................. Mar. 15, 1913–Sept. 3, 1918
Dirksen, Everett M ................... Illinois ..................... Jan. 13, 1953–Jan. 20, 1959
Dixon, Joseph M ...................... Montana .................. May 1, 1911–Mar. 3, 1913
Dodd, Thomas J ......................... Connecticut ............. Jan. 14, 1959–Jan. 10, 1961
Dorgan, Byron ........................... North Dakota .......... Jan. 9, 1997–
Domenici, Pete V ..................... New Mexico ............ Jan. 3, 1983–
Dorsey, Stephen W .................. Arkansas .................. Feb. 13, 1874–Mar. 3, 1879

214
Doxey, Wall .............................. Mississippi .............. Dec. 15, 1941–Jan. 2, 1943
Duffy, F. Ryan .......................... Wisconsin ............... Jan. 8, 1937–Jan. 2, 1939
Durbin, Richard ......................... Illinois ..................... Jan. 7, 1999–
Durkin, John A ........................ New Hampshire ...... Jan. 23, 1979–Dec. 29, 1980
Dworshak, Henry C ................. Idaho ....................... Jan. 6, 1947–Jan. 2, 1949
Jan. 13, 1953–July 23, 1962
E
Eagleton, Thomas F .................... Missouri .................. Jan. 4, 1973–Feb. 21, 1985
Eaton, William W ..................... Connecticut ............. Mar. 9, 1875–Mar. 19, 1875
Mar. 9, 1877–Dec. 5, 1878
Mar. 19, 1879–Mar. 3, 1881
Ecton, Zales N ......................... Montana .................. Jan. 15, 1951–Jan. 2, 1953
Edmunds, George F ................. Vermont .................. Dec. 8, 1870–Dec. 6, 1872
Elkins, Stephen B ..................... West Virginia ......... Dec. 14, 1904–Jan. 4, 1911
Ellender, Allen J ........................ Louisiana ................. Jan. 10, 1949–July 27, 1972
F
Faircloth, Lauch ........................ North Carolina ........ Jan. 9, 1997–Jan. 3, 1999
Farwell, Charles B .................... Illinois .....................
Dec. 12, 1887–Mar. 3, 1891
Faulkner, Charles J .................... West Virginia ......... Dec. 30, 1895–Mar. 3, 1899
Feinstein, Dianne ........................ California ................
Jan. 7, 1993–Jan. 3, 1995
Jan. 7, 1999–
Ferguson, Homer J ................... Michigan ................. Jan. 10, 1945–Jan. 2, 1955
Fessenden, William P ............... Maine ...................... Mar. 8, 1869–Sept. 9, 1869
Fong, Hiram L ......................... Hawaii .................... Jan. 14, 1969–Jan. 2, 1977
Foster, Murphy J ........................ Louisiana ................. Dec. 17, 1907–Mar. 3, 1913
Fowler, Wyche, Jr ....................... Georgia ................... Feb. 2, 1989–Jan. 2, 1993
G
Gallinger, Jacob H ................... New Hampshire ...... Dec. 1, 1903–Aug. 17, 1918
Gamble, Robert J ..................... South Dakota .......... May 1, 1911–Mar. 3, 1913
Garn, Jake ................................ Utah ........................
Jan. 23, 1979–Jan. 2, 1993
Gay, Edward J .......................... Louisiana .................
Dec. 3, 1918–Mar. 3, 1921
Glass, Carter ............................. Virginia ...................
Feb. 13, 1920–May 28, 1946
Glenn, Otis F ........................... Illinois .....................
Apr. 22, 1929–Dec. 14, 1931
Gorman, Arthur P ..................... Maryland .................
Mar. 13, 1885–Mar. 3, 1899
Dec. 18, 1905–June 4, 1906
Gorton, Slade ........................... Washington ............ Feb. 5, 1991–Jan. 3, 2001
Gramm, Phil ............................ Texas ....................... Feb. 2, 1989–Oct. 12, 1995
Grammar, Elijah S ................... Washington ............ Dec. 8, 1932–Mar. 3, 1933
Grassley, Charles E ................... Iowa ........................ Jan. 6, 1987–Feb. 5, 1991
Green, Theodore F ....................... Rhode Island ........... Jan. 8, 1937–Jan. 10, 1949
Gregg, Judd ............................. New Hampshire ...... Jan. 3, 1995–
Grimes, James W ..................... Iowa ........................ Mar. 7, 1867–Dec. 6, 1869
Gronna, Asle J ......................... North Dakota .......... May 28, 1919–Mar. 3, 1921
Gurney, Chan ........................... South Dakota .......... Jan. 21, 1941–Jan. 2, 1951
Guthrie, James ........................... Kentucky ................ Mar. 7, 1867–Feb. 7, 1868
H
Hale, Eugene ............................ Maine ...................... Mar. 18, 1881–Mar. 3, 1911
Hale, Frederick ......................... Maine ...................... May 28, 1919–Jan. 2, 1941
Hardwick, Thomas W ................. Georgia ................... Mar. 12, 1917–Mar. 3, 1919
Harkin, Tom .............................. Iowa ........................ Feb. 21, 1985–
Harris, William J ...................... Georgia ................... May 28, 1919–Apr. 18, 1932

215
Hatfield, Mark O ..................... Oregon .................... Feb. 23, 1972–Jan. 2, 1997
Hayden, Carl T ......................... Arizona .................... Dec. 13, 1927–Jan. 2, 1969
Hemenway, James A ................ Indiana .................... Dec. 17, 1907–Mar. 3, 1909
Hill, J. Lister ............................ Alabama .................. Jan. 10, 1949–Jan. 2, 1969
Hitchcock, Herbert E ................... South Dakota .......... Jan. 8, 1937–Nov. 8, 1938
Holland, Spessard L .................... Florida ..................... Jan. 11, 1955–Jan. 2, 1971
Hollings, Ernest F ...................... South Carolina ........ Jan. 28, 1971–Jan. 4, 2005
Holman, Rufus C ..................... Oregon .................... Jan. 10, 1939–Jan. 2, 1945
Howe, Timothy O .................... Wisconsin ............... Mar. 7, 1867–Mar. 8, 1869
Hruska, Roman L ..................... Nebraska ................. Jan. 20, 1959–Dec. 27, 1976
Huddleston, Walter D ................. Kentucky ................ Jan. 17, 1975–Jan. 2, 1985
Humphrey, Hubert H .................. Minnesota ................ Jan. 10, 1961–Dec. 29, 1964
Hutchison Kay Bailey .............. Texas ....................... Jan. 9, 1997–
I
Inouye, Daniel K ........................ Hawaii .................... Jan. 28, 1971–
Ives, Irving M .......................... New York ............... May 22, 1957–Jan. 2, 1959
J
Javits, Jacob K ......................... New York ............... Aug. 8, 1962–Feb. 25, 1963
Jan. 16, 1967–Jan. 14, 1969
Jeffords, James M ..................... Vermont .................. Jan. 4, 1995–Jan. 2, 1997
Johnson, Lyndon B ...................... Texas ....................... Mar. 22, 1956–Jan. 3, 1961
Johnson, Tim .............................. South Dakota .......... Jan. 25, 2001–June 6, 2001
July 10, 2001–
Johnston, J. Bennett ................. Louisiana ................. Jan. 17, 1975–Jan. 2, 1997
Jones, Andrieus A ....................... New Mexico ............ June 2, 1920–Dec. 20, 1927
Jones, Wesley L ........................ Washington ............ Mar. 15, 1913–Nov. 19, 1932
K
Kasten, Robert W., Jr .............. Wisconsin ............... Jan. 5, 1981–Jan. 2, 1993
Kean, John ............................... New Jersey .............. Mar. 22, 1909–Mar. 3, 1911
Kefauver, C. Estes ....................... Tennessee ................ Jan. 14, 1959–Aug. 10, 1963
Kendrick, John B ........................ Wyoming ................ Mar. 9, 1925–Nov. 3, 1933
Kenyon, William S .................. Iowa ........................
Mar. 12, 1917–Feb. 24, 1922
Kerrey, J. Robert ......................... Nebraska ................. Feb. 2, 1989–Jan. 2, 1997
Keyes, Henry W ...................... New Hampshire ...... Dec. 5, 1922–Jan. 2, 1937
Kilgore, Harley M ...................... West Virginia ......... Jan. 10, 1949–Feb. 28, 1956
Knowland, William F .............. California ................Jan. 6, 1947–Jan. 10, 1949
July 26, 1949–Jan. 2, 1959
Kohl, Herb ................................. Wisconsin ............... Jan. 7, 1993–
Kuchel, Thomas H ................... California ................ Jan. 20, 1959–Jan. 2, 1969
Kyl, Jon ................................... Arizona .................... Jan. 7, 1999–Jan. 25, 2001
June 6, 2001–July 10, 2001
L
Landrieu, Mary .......................... Louisiana ................. Jan. 25, 2001–June 6, 2001
July 10, 2001–
Lautenberg, Frank R ................ New Jersey .............. Feb. 21, 1985–Jan. 3, 2001
Jan. 12, 2007–
Laxalt, Paul .............................. Nevada .................... Dec. 18, 1974–Jan. 23, 1975
Jan. 23, 1979–Jan. 2, 1987
Lea, Luke ................................... Tennessee ................ Mar. 15, 1913–Mar. 3, 1917
Leahy, Patrick J ......................... Vermont .................. Feb. 11, 1977–
Lenroot, Irvine L ...................... Wisconsin ............... Mar. 16, 1922–Mar. 3, 1927

216
Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr ............ Massachusetts .......... Feb. 16, 1938–Feb. 3, 1944
Logan, John A .......................... Illinois ..................... Mar. 18, 1881–Mar. 13, 1885
Lumpkin, Alva M ...................... South Carolina ........ July 31, 1941–Aug. 1, 1941
M
Mack, Connie ........................... Florida ..................... Jan. 7, 1993–Jan. 2, 2001
Magnuson, Warren G ................. Washington ............ Jan. 13, 1953–Jan. 2, 1981
Mahone, William ..................... Virginia ................... Mar. 13, 1885–Mar. 3, 1887
Maloney, Francis T .................... Connecticut ............. Jan. 10, 1939–Jan. 16, 1945
Mansfield, Michael J .................. Montana .................. Feb. 25, 1963–Jan. 2, 1977
Martin, Thomas S ...................... Virginia ................... Dec. 8, 1910–Nov. 12, 1919
Mathias, Charles McC., Jr ........ Maryland ................. Jan. 12, 1973–Jan. 5, 1981
Mattingly, Mack F ................... Georgia ................... Jan. 5, 1981–Jan. 2, 1987
Maybank, Burnet R .................... South Carolina ........ Dec. 15, 1941–Jan. 6, 1947
Jan. 10, 1949–Sept. 1, 1954
McAdoo, William Gibbs ............. California ................ Jan. 3, 1935–Nov. 8, 1938
McCarran, Patrick A ................. Nevada .................... Mar. 9, 1933–Sept. 28, 1954
McCarthy, Joseph R ................. Wisconsin ............... Jan. 15, 1951–May 21, 1951
Jan. 14, 1952–May 2, 1957
McClellan, John L ...................... Arkansas .................. Jan. 10, 1949–Nov. 28, 1977
McClure, James A .................... Idaho ....................... Jan. 23, 1979–Jan. 2, 1991
McConnell, Mitch .................... Kentucky ................ Jan. 7, 1993–
McGee, Gale W ......................... Wyoming ................ Jan. 14, 1959–Jan. 2, 1977
McKellar, Kenneth D .................. Tennessee ................ Dec. 10, 1923–Jan. 2, 1953
McKinley, William B .............. Illinois ..................... Apr. 18, 1921–Dec. 7, 1926
McMillan, James ...................... Michigan ................. Feb. 7, 1902–Aug. 10, 1902
Mead, James M .......................... New York ............... Dec. 15, 1941–Jan. 2, 1947
Melcher, John ............................. Montana .................. Jan. 10, 1977–Feb. 11, 1977
Mikulski, Barbara A ................. Maryland ................. Jan. 6, 1987–
Monroney, A. S. Mike ................. Oklahoma ................ Jan. 14, 1959–Jan. 2, 1969
Montoya, Joseph .......................... New Mexico ............ Jan. 14, 1969–Jan. 2, 1977
Morrill, Lot M .......................... Maine ...................... Mar. 7, 1867–Mar. 3, 1869
Mar. 8, 1869–Mar. 10, 1871
Dec. 6, 1872–July 7, 1876
Morrison, Cameron ...................... North Carolina ........ Jan. 5, 1931–Dec. 4, 1932
Mundt, Karl E ......................... South Dakota .......... Jan. 13, 1953–Jan. 29, 1971
Feb. 23, 1972–Jan. 2, 1973
Murdock, Abe ............................. Utah ........................ Feb. 28, 1945–Jan. 2, 1947
Murphy, Edward J ..................... New York ............... May 11, 1897–Mar. 3, 1899
Murray, Patty ............................ Washington ............ Jan. 7, 1993–
N
Neely, Matthew M ..................... West Virginia ......... Dec. 10–1923–Mar. 9, 1925
Nelson, Ben .............................. Nebraska ................. Jan. 12, 2007–
Newberry, Truman H .............. Michigan ................. May 28, 1919–Nov. 18, 1922
Nickles, Don ............................ Oklahoma ................ Jan. 6, 1987–Jan. 2, 1995
Nixon, George S ....................... Nevada .................... May 1, 1911–June 5, 1912
Norbeck, Peter ......................... South Dakota .......... Dec. 14, 1931–Dec. 20, 1936
Nye, Gerald P .......................... North Dakota .......... Dec. 13, 1927–Jan. 2, 1945
O
Oddie Tasker L ........................ Nevada .................... Dec. 13, 1927–Mar. 3, 1933
Oliver, George T ...................... Pennsylvania ............ Aug. 8, 1912–Mar. 3, 1917
O’Mahoney, Joseph C ................... Wyoming ................ Jan. 4, 1934–Jan. 2, 1953
Overman, Lee S ........................... North Carolina ........ Dec. 8, 1910–Dec. 12, 1930

217
Overton, John H ......................... Louisiana ................. Mar. 9, 1933–May 14, 1948
Owen, Robert L ........................... Oklahoma ................ May 1, 1911–Dec. 10, 1923
P
Pastore, John O ........................... Rhode Island ...........
Jan. 9, 1957–Dec. 28, 1976
Patterson, Roscoe C .................. Missouri ..................
Jan. 11, 1934–Jan. 2, 1935
Peace, Roger C ............................ South Carolina ........Aug. 7, 1941–Nov. 4, 1941
Pearson, James B. ..................... Kansas .....................
Jan. 14, 1969–Jan. 29, 1971
Percy, Charles H ...................... Illinois .....................
Jan. 29, 1971–Jan. 2, 1972
Feb. 23, 1972–Jan. 12, 1973
Perkins, George C .................... California ................ Dec. 30, 1895–Mar. 3, 1915
PETTIGREW, RICHARD F .......... South Dakota .......... Dec. 30, 1895–Mar. 3, 1901
Phipps, Lawrence C .................. Colorado .................. May 28, 1919–Mar. 3, 1931
Pine, W. B ............................... Oklahoma ................ Apr. 22, 1929–Mar. 3, 1931
Plumb, Preston B ..................... Kansas ..................... Mar. 18, 1881–Dec. 20, 1891
Pollock, William P ..................... South Carolina ........ Dec. 3, 1918–Mar. 3, 1919
Pool, John ................................ North Carolina ........ Dec. 8, 1869–Mar. 10, 1871
Potter, Charles E ...................... Michigan ................. Jan. 11, 1955–Jan. 2, 1959
Proctor, Redfield ...................... Vermont .................. Dec. 17, 1907–Mar. 4, 1908
Proxmire, William ...................... Wisconsin ............... Aug. 23, 1963–Jan. 2, 1989
Q
Quay, Matthew S ..................... Pennsylvania ............ Dec. 30, 1895–Dec. 15, 1899
Dec. 18, 1901–May 28, 1904
R
Ransom, Matt W ....................... North Carolina ........ Mar. 18, 1881–Mar. 13, 1885
Reed, Clyde .............................. Kansas ..................... Jan. 14, 1943–Nov. 8, 1949
Reed, Jack .................................. Rhode Island ........... July 10, 2001–Jan. 15, 2003
Jan. 12, 2007–
Reid, Harry ............................... Nevada .................... Jan. 6, 1987–Jan. 12, 2007
Riegle, Donald W ....................... Michigan ................. Jan. 10, 1977–Feb. 11, 1977
Robertson, A. Willis ................... Virginia ................... Jan. 10, 1949–July 26, 1949
Jan. 12, 1950–Jan. 15, 1951
May 21, 1951–Dec. 30, 1966
Robinson, Joseph T ...................... Arkansas .................. Dec. 13, 1915–Sept. 9, 1918
Rudman, Warren ..................... New Hampshire ...... Jan. 5, 1981–Jan. 2, 1993
Russell, Richard B ...................... Georgia ................... Jan. 10, 1933–Jan. 21, 1971
S
Saltonstall, Leverett .................. Massachusetts .......... Jan. 6, 1947–Jan. 2, 1967
Sarbanes, Paul ........................... Maryland ................. Jan. 10, 1977–Feb. 11, 1977
Sargent, Aaron A ...................... California ................ Mar. 12, 1873–Mar. 3, 1879
Sasser, James R ........................... Tennessee ................ Feb. 11, 1977–Jan. 2, 1995
Sawyer, Frederick A ................. South Carolina ........ Mar. 8, 1869–Mar. 3, 1873
Schmitt, Harrison ..................... New Mexico ............ Jan. 23, 1979–Jan. 2, 1983
Schoeppel, Andrew F ................ Kansas ..................... Jan. 13, 1961–Jan. 21, 1962
Schweiker, Richard S ................ Pennsylvania ............ Jan. 12, 1973–Jan. 2, 1981
Sewell, William J ..................... New Jersey .............. May 11, 1897–Dec. 27, 1901
Shafroth, John F ......................... Colorado .................. Mar. 15, 1913–Mar. 3, 1919
Shelby, Richard C .................... Alabama .................. Jan. 4, 1995–
Sherman, Lawrence Y ............... Illinois ..................... Mar. 12, 1917–Mar. 3, 1921
Smith, John Walter .................. Maryland ................. May 1, 1911–Mar. 3, 1921
Smith, Marcus A ...................... Arizona .................... Mar. 12, 1917–Mar. 3, 1921
Smith, Margaret Chase ............. Maine ...................... Jan. 13, 1953–Jan. 2, 1973

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Smoot, Reed ............................. Utah ........................ May 1, 1911–Mar. 3, 1933
Specter, Arlen ........................... Pennsylvania ............ Jan. 5, 1981–
Spencer, Selden P ..................... Missouri .................. May 28, 1919–May 16, 1925
Sprague, William ..................... Rhode Island ........... Mar. 8, 1869–Mar. 3, 1875
Steiwer, Frederick ..................... Oregon .................... Jan. 11, 1930–Jan. 31, 1938
Stennis, John C ........................... Mississippi .............. Jan. 11, 1955–Jan. 2, 1989
Stevens, Ted ............................. Alaska ..................... Feb. 23, 1972–
Stevenson, John W ................... Kentucky ................ Mar. 10, 1871–Mar. 9, 1875
Stewart, William M ................. Nevada .................... Dec. 17, 1891–Mar. 15, 1893
Stockton, John P ...................... New Jersey .............. Mar. 8, 1869–Mar. 10, 1871
T
Taft, Robert A ......................... Ohio ........................ Jan. 10, 1939–Jan. 21, 1941
TELLER, HENRY M ................... Colorado .................. Mar. 15, 1893–Mar. 3, 1909
Thomas, Elmer ........................... Oklahoma ................ Dec. 14, 1931–Jan. 2, 1951
Thye, Edward J ........................ Minnesota ................ Jan. 15, 1951–Jan. 2, 1959
Tillman, Benjamin R ................. South Carolina ........ Dec. 15, 1899–July 3, 1918
Townsend, Charles E ................ Michigan ................. Dec. 13, 1915–Mar. 12, 1917
Townsend, John G., Jr ............. Delaware ................. Mar. 9, 1933–Jan. 2, 1941
Truman, Harry S ....................... Missouri .................. Jan. 3, 1935–Jan. 18, 1945
Tydings, Millard E .................... Maryland ................. Dec. 6, 1932–Jan. 10, 1949
U
Underwood, Oscar W ............... Alabama .................. Dec. 13, 1915–June 2, 1920
W
Wallace, William A ................. Pennsylvania ............ Mar. 9, 1875–Mar. 9, 1877
Dec. 5, 1878–Mar. 3, 1881
Warren, Francis E .................... Wyoming ................ Dec. 15, 1899–Nov. 24, 1929
Weeks, John W ....................... Massachusetts .......... Sept. 3, 1918–Mar. 3, 1919
Weicker, Lowell P., Jr ............. Connecticut ............. Feb. 22, 1977–Jan. 2, 1989
West, J. Rodman ..................... Louisiana ................. Mar. 10, 1871–Mar. 3, 1877
Wetmore, George P ................. Rhode Island ........... Dec. 15, 1899–Mar. 3, 1907
May 1, 1911–Mar. 3, 1913
Wherry, Kenneth S .................. Nebraska ................. Jan. 18, 1945–Nov. 29, 1951
White, Wallace H., Jr ............. Maine ...................... Jan. 21, 1941–Jan. 6, 1947
Willis, Raymond E .................. Indiana .................... Jan. 10, 1945–Jan. 2, 1947
Wilson, Henry ......................... Massachusetts .......... Mar. 7, 1867–Dec. 8, 1870
Windom, William ................... Minnesota ................ Mar. 10, 1871–Mar. 14, 1881
Withers, Robert E ....................... Virginia ................... Mar. 19, 1875–Mar. 3, 1881
Y
Yarborough, Ralph ..................... Texas ....................... Jan. 8, 1965–Jan. 2, 1971
Young, Milton R ..................... North Dakota .......... Jan. 6, 1947–Jan. 2, 1981
NOTE.—From 1789 until 1933, the terms of the President and Vice Presi-
dent and the term of the Congress coincided, beginning on March 4 and ending
on March 3. This changed when the 20th amendment to the Constitution was
adopted in 1933. Beginning in 1934 the convening date for Congress became
January 3, and beginning in 1937 the starting date for the Presidential term
became January 20.

219
 The Committee Rooms
The Senate Committee on Appropriations originally occupied
rooms on the second floor of the Capitol, Rooms S–219 and S–
219A. In 1911, the Committee moved downstairs into what are
now rooms S–127, S–128, and S–129. The move downstairs coin-
cided with Francis E. Warren’s shift from chairing the Military
Affairs Committee, which had previously occupied S–128 and S–
129, to chairing Appropriations. Thus, on that occasion, the chair-
man retained the same office space, while the committees moved.
Appropriations has utilized these quarters ever since, with the ad-
dition of adjacent rooms S–125, S–125A, S–126, S–130, and S–
131.
Captain Montgomery C. Meigs of the Army Corps of Engineers,
who oversaw construction of the new Senate and House wings and
dome of the Capitol in the 1850s, hired artist Constantino
Brumidi and asked him to decorate these rooms. Brumidi, who ar-
rived in the United States from Italy in 1852, had experience
painting frescoes in Rome. He prepared designs and painted or su-
pervised the decoration of many parts of the Capitol from the
1850s until his death in 1880. Outside, over the entrance to room
S–128 is a Brumidi fresco entitled Bellona, the Roman Goddess of
War, chosen because at the time, c. 1875, it was being painted
because the Committee on Military Affairs occupied the room.
Other notable examples of Bumidi’s work in the Capitol are in the
Rotunda and in the ornately decorated corridors on the first floor
of the Senate wing known as the Brumidi Corridors. Brumidi was
working on the frieze in the Rotunda at the time he died.
Today, one can still enjoy the full beauty of room S–128’s deco-
rations, all in a military motif. Five frescoed lunettes by Brumidi,
depicting scenes from the Revolutionary War, dominate the upper
walls. The scenes are entitled Storming Of Stony Point, 1779; Wash-
ington at Valley Forge, 1778; The Battle of Lexington, 1775; Boston
Massacre, 1770; and Death of General Wooster, 1777. These frescoes
are attractively set off above plain painted panels of dark green.
Between the panels are six pilasters painted by artist James Leslie
in 1857 that show trophy weapons and military equipment of var-
ious historical periods, including swords, belts, shields, pistols,
pikes, trumpets, powder horns, helmets, flags, battle-axes, mus-
kets, and picks. The vaulted ceiling is ornate and decorated with
221
small scenes in illusionistic relief related to the Revolutionary
War, such as the Death of General Montgomery. Around these im-
ages are cherubs, wreaths, flowers, arabesques, garlands, shields,
and bundles of fasces. A large gilded mirror, designed for the
room in 1859, hangs over the marble fireplace mantle designed by
architect Thomas U. Walter occupies the center of one end of the
room. It is decorated at the top with a shield with the Stars and
Stripes and models of an artillery piece, drums, muskets, and
pikes. From the ceiling is suspended a large crystal chandelier that
replaces the original bronze gaslighted fixture.
The Committee meeting room in the Capitol, S–127, was first
occupied by the Committee on Naval Affairs. The decoration is in
the Pompeiian style. As originally designed by Brumidi, the walls
were to be filled with depictions of U.S. naval battles, and later
with illusionistic porticoes. Because of dissatisfaction with the art-
ists who were to have carried out the work, only one was ever
completed. The ceiling is painted in fresco and tempera and is
highly ornate, dominated by seven Roman gods and goddesses of
the sea, together with ‘‘America’’ in the form of a Native Amer-
ican. Interspersed throughout are scenes of mermaids and centaurs,
eagles, Indians, and settlers. The walls are painted in oil and are
divided into nine panels of maidens in flowing robes with various
naval instruments—a compass, a map, a telescope, and other nau-
tical objects. Three crystal chandeliers installed in the twentieth
century complete the arrangement. Of particular interest to visitors
is the 30-foot conference table that dominates the room, at which
each Committee member has a designated place. The room is car-
peted in a rich red pattern studded with gold stars.
A prize-winning restoration of the committee meeting room (S–
127) was carried out between 1978 and 1982. This included re-
painting some damaged areas of the walls and removing bookcases
and other objects that detracted from its appearance. However, as
part of its professional conservation program of Brumidi’s murals,
which began in 1985, the room is being brought back to its origi-
nal appearance. Brumidi’s 1856 watercolor sketch for the room and
cleaning tests showed that the backgrounds of the panels with the
maidens were a vivid blue under layers of dark green overpaint.
A glass panel in the outer door enables members of the public to
view this beautiful room when it is not in use.
Conservation of the panels began with a study and then a pilot
phase on one panel to verify that it would be possible to remove
the overpaint and recover the original background. The conserva-
tors found that the most effective method was to remove the
overpaint and yellowed varnish with scalpels. The conservation of
all of the maiden panels was undertaken in the summer of 2004.
222
Fortunately, the beautiful maidens painted by Brumidi were essen-
tially intact, and the conservators were able to skillfully match the
blue color in areas that had been replastered. Work cleansing and
restoring the lunetts was carried out in 2006, following further
study. The conservators also uncovered the original flowers below
the maidens and recreated those that were lost.
The smaller room, S–129, was assigned to the Committee on
the Library at the time Brumidi painted the ceiling frescoes in
1875. The design therefore represents allegorical figures of science,
architecture, sculpture, and painting. ‘‘Of special note is the depic-
tion of a bust of author Washingon Irving in the scene rep-
resenting ‘sculpture,’ and the drawing of the Capitol dome in the
scene of ‘architecture.’ The other frescoes show ‘painting’ and
‘science.’’ Not until 1910 did Carl Rakemann, whose father had
worked with Brumidi, complete the decoration of the room.
Rakemann, born in Washington, D.C., in 1878, had studied in
Europe and had exhibited at the Corcoran Gallery of Art. Since
the room was used by the Military Affairs Committee at the time
he worked, he chose a motif in keeping with the adjoining recep-
tion room, painting four lunettes containing portraits of out-
standing Revolutionary generals with historic flags.
The oval portrait in the east lunette shows General George
Washington, flanked by helmets and military weapons of the time
and flags of the colonial period—the Grand Union flag and a flag
of the Revolutionary period of 1777. In the lunette to the south
is a portrait of General Joseph Warren, a physician who, at the
age of 34, was killed at Bunker Hill. On either side of the portrait
are the Bunker Hill flag of 1775–1777 and the Pine Tree flag of
the same period. On the west side of the room, the lunette con-
tains a portrait of General ‘‘Mad’’ Anthony Wayne, hero of the
victory at Stony Point. His portrait is flanked by the Massachu-
setts flag of the period between 1775 and 1777 and the Rattle
Snake flag of the same period, with the famous inscribed warning:
‘‘Don’t tread on me.’’ The north lunette contains a portrait of
General Horatio Gates. On the right is the Liberty flag of 1775–
1777, and on the left an American flag of 1818.
Two less elaborately decorated rooms complete the Committee’s
suite. Room S–130 had been used during several periods by the
Committee on the Library and, from 1933 to 1941, by the Senate
Majority Leader. In 1943, S–130 was assigned to Appropriations.
That same year, Room S–131, also previously used by the majority
leader, was also assigned to Appropriations. A lunette in the cor-
ridor over the door to S–131 contains an 1875 fresco by Brumidi
titled Authority Consults the Written Law; it was designed for the
Committee on Revision of the Laws, which occupied the room at
223
the time. In September 1996 the Senate designated S–131 as the
‘‘Mark Hatfield Room,’’ in honor of the former Committee Chair-
man.

224
 Staff Directors to the Committee
Amos Pickard .................. March 9, 1867–November 30, 1872.
W. C. Thompkins ........... December 1, 1872–March 30, 1873.
Thomas P. Cleaves ........... December 1, 1873–August 10, 1910.
Kennedy F. Rea ............... November 1, 1910–April 30, 1911.
Joseph A. Breckons .......... April 30, 1911–March 15, 1913.
Kennedy F. Rea ............... March 16, 1913–November 28, 1938.
Everard H. Smith ............ December 1, 1938–December 30,
1965.
Thomas J. Scott ............... January 1, 1966–July 1, 1973.
James R. Calloway ........... July 1, 1973–December 31, 1979.
W. Featherstone Reid ...... January 27, 1979–January 2, 1981.
J. Keith Kennedy ............ January 5, 1981–January 6, 1987.
Francis J. Sullivan ............ January 6, 1987–January 3, 1989.
James H. English ............. January 3, 1989–January 4, 1995.
J. Keith Kennedy ............ January 4, 1995–January 7, 1997.
Steven J. Cortese .............. January 7, 1997–June 6, 2001.
Terrence E. Sauvain ......... June 6, 2001–January 15, 2003.
Steven J. Cortese .............. January 15, 2003–March 10, 2003.
James W. Morhard .......... March 10, 2003–January 5, 2005.
J. Keith Kennedy ............ January 5, 2005–August 2, 2006.
Bruce Evans ..................... August 2, 2006–January 4, 2007.
Terrence E. Sauvain ......... January 4, 2007–May 13, 2007.
Charles Kieffer ................. May 14, 2007–

225
 Standing Rules of the Senate Relating to
Appropriations
RULE XVI—APPROPRIATIONS AND
AMENDMENTS TO GENERAL APPROPRIATIONS
BILLS
1. On a point of order made by any Senator, no amendments
shall be received to any general appropriation bill the effect of
which will be to increase an appropriation already contained in the
bill, or to add a new item of appropriation, unless it be made to
carry out the provisions of some existing law, or treaty stipulation,
or act or resolution previously passed by the Senate during that
session; or unless the same be moved by direction of the Com-
mittee on Appropriations or of a committee of the Senate having
legislative jurisdiction of the subject matter, or proposed in pursu-
ance of an estimate submitted in accordance with law.
2. The Committee on Appropriations shall not report an appro-
priation bill containing amendments to such bill proposing new
or general legislation or any restriction on the expenditure of the
funds appropriated which proposes a limitation not authorized by
law if such restriction is to take effect or cease to be effective upon
the happening of a contingency, and if an appropriation bill is re-
ported to the Senate containing amendments to such bill pro-
posing new or general legislation or any such restriction, a point
of order may be made against the bill, and if the point is sus-
tained, the bill shall be recommitted to the Committee on Appro-
priations.
3. All amendments to general appropriation bills moved by di-
rection of a committee having legislative jurisdiction of the subject
matter proposing to increase an appropriation already contained in
the bill, or to add new items of appropriation, shall, at least one
day before they are considered, be referred to the Committee on
Appropriations, and when actually proposed to the bill no amend-
ment proposing to increase the amount stated in such amendment
shall be received on a point of order made by any Senator.
4. On a point of order made by any Senator, no amendment of-
fered by any other Senator which proposes general legislation shall
be received to any general appropriation bill, nor shall any amend-
ment not germane or relevant to the subject matter contained in
227
the bill be received; nor shall any amendment to any item or
clause of such bill be received which does not directly relate there-
to; nor shall any restriction on the expenditure of the funds appro-
priated which proposes a limitation not authorized by law be re-
ceived if such restriction is to take effect or cease to be effective
upon the happening of a contingency; and all questions of rel-
evancy of amendments under this rule, when raised, shall be sub-
mitted to the Senate and be decided without debate; and any such
amendment or restriction to a general appropriation bill may be
laid on the table without prejudice to the bill.
5. On a point of order made by any Senator, no amendment,
the object of which is to provide for a private claim, shall be re-
ceived to any general appropriation bill, unless it be to carry out
the provisions of an existing law or a treaty stipulation, which
shall be cited on the face of the amendment.
6. When a point of order is made against any restriction on the
expenditure of funds appropriated in a general appropriation bill
on the ground that the restriction violates this rule, the rule shall
be construed strictly and, in case of doubt, in favor of the point
of order.
7. Every report on general appropriation bills filed by the Com-
mittee on Appropriations shall identify with particularity each rec-
ommended amendment which proposes an item of appropriation
which is not made to carry out the provisions of an existing law,
a treaty stipulation, or an act or resolution previously passed by
the Senate during that session.
8. On a point of order made by any Senator, no general appro-
priation bill or amendment thereto shall be received or considered
if it contains a provision reappropriating unexpended balances of
appropriations; except that this provision shall not apply to appro-
priations in continuation of appropriations for public works on
which work has commenced.

228
 RULE XXV—STANDING COMMITTEES
1. The following standing committees shall be appointed at the
commencement of each Congress, and shall continue and have the
power to act until their successors are appointed, with leave to re-
port by bill or otherwise on matters within their respective juris-
dictions:
* * * * *
(b) Committee on Appropriations, to which committee shall be
referred all proposed legislation, messages, petitions, memorials,
and other matters relating to the following subjects:
1 Appropriation of the revenue for the support of the Govern-
ment, except as provided in subparagraph (e).
2. Rescission of appropriations contained in appropriation Acts
(referred to in section 105 of title 1, United States Code).
3. The amount of new spending authority described in section
401(c)(2) (A) and (B) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974
which is to be effective for a fiscal year.
4. New spending authority described in section 401(c)(2)(C) of
the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 provided in bills and reso-
lutions referred to the committee under section 401(b)(2) of that
Act (but subject to the provisions of section 401(b)(3) of that Act).

229
 RULE XLIV—CONGRESSIONALLY DIRECTED
SPENDING AND RELATED ITEMS
1. (a) It shall not be in order to vote on a motion to proceed
to consider a bill or joint resolution reported by any committee
unless the chairman of the committee of jurisdiction or the Major-
ity Leader or his or her designee certifies—
(1) that each congressionally directed spending item, limited tax
benefit, and limited tariff benefit, if any, in the bill or joint reso-
lution, or in the committee report accompanying the bill or joint
resolution, has been identified through lists, charts, or other simi-
lar means including the name of each Senator who submitted a re-
quest to the committee for each item so identified; and
(2) that the information in clause (1) has been available on a
publicly accessible congressional website in a searchable format at
least 48 hours before such vote.
(b) If a point of order is sustained under this paragraph, the mo-
tion to proceed shall be suspended until the sponsor of the motion
or his or her designee has requested resumption and compliance
with this paragraph has been achieved.
2. (a) It shall not be in order to vote on a motion to proceed
to consider a Senate bill or joint resolution not reported by com-
mittee unless the chairman of the committee of jurisdiction or the
Majority Leader or his or her designee certifies—
(1) that each congressionally directed spending item, limited tax
benefit, and limited tariff benefit, if any, in the bill or joint reso-
lution, has been identified through lists, charts, or other similar
means, including the name of each Senator who submitted a re-
quest to the sponsor of the bill or joint resolution for each item
so identified; and
(2) that the information in clause (1) has been available on a
publicly accessible congressional website in a searchable format at
least 48 hours before such vote.
(b) If a point of order is sustained under this paragraph, the mo-
tion to proceed shall be suspended until the sponsor of the motion
or his or her designee has requested resumption and compliance
with this paragraph has been achieved.
3. (a) It shall not be in order to vote on the adoption of a report
of a committee of conference unless the chairman of the committee
of jurisdiction or the Majority Leader or his or her designee cer-
tifies—
230
 (1) that each congressionally directed spending item, limited tax
benefit, and limited tariff benefit, if any, in the conference report,
or in the joint statement of managers accompanying the conference
report, has been identified through lists, charts, or other means,
including the name of each Senator who submitted a request to
the committee of jurisdiction for each item so identified; and
(2) that the information in clause (1) has been available on a
publicly accessible congressional website at least 48 hours before
such vote.
(b) If a point of order is sustained under this paragraph, then
the conference report shall be set aside.
4. (a) If during consideration of a bill or joint resolution, a Sen-
ator proposes an amendment containing a congressionally directed
spending item, limited tax benefit, or limited tariff benefit which
was not included in the bill or joint resolution as placed on the
calendar or as reported by any committee, in a committee report
on such bill or joint resolution, or a committee report of the Sen-
ate on a companion measure, then as soon as practicable, the Sen-
ator shall ensure that a list of such items (and the name of any
Senator who submitted a request to the Senator for each respective
item included in the list) is printed in the Congressional Record.
(b) If a committee reports a bill or joint resolution that includes
congressionally directed spending items, limited tax benefits, or
limited tariff benefits in the bill or joint resolution, or in the com-
mittee report accompanying the bill or joint resolution, the com-
mittee shall as soon as practicable identify on a publicly accessible
congressional website each such item through lists, charts, or other
similar means, including the name of each Senator who submitted
a request to the committee for each item so identified. Availability
on the Internet of a committee report that contains the informa-
tion described in this subparagraph shall satisfy the requirements
of this subparagraph.
(c) To the extent technically feasible, information made available
on publicly accessible congressional websites under paragraphs 3
and 4 shall be provided in a searchable format.
5. For the purpose of this rule—
(a) the term ‘‘congressionally directed spending item’’ means a
provision or report language included primarily at the request of
a Senator providing, authorizing, or recommending a specific
amount of discretionary budget authority, credit authority, or
other spending authority for a contract, loan, loan guarantee,
grant, loan authority, or other expenditure with or to an entity,
or targeted to a specific State, locality or Congressional district,
other than through a statutory or administrative formula-driven or
competitive award process;
231
 (b) the term ‘‘limited tax benefit’’ means—
(1) any revenue provision that—
(A) provides a Federal tax deduction, credit, exclusion, or pref-
erence to a particular beneficiary or limited group of beneficiaries
under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; and
(B) contains eligibility criteria that are not uniform in applica-
tion with respect to potential beneficiaries of such provision;
(c) the term ‘‘limited tariff benefit’’ means a provision modi-
fying the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States in a
manner that benefits 10 or fewer entities; and
(d) except as used in subparagraph 8(e), the term ‘‘item‘’ when
not preceded by ‘‘congressionally directed spending’’ means any
provision that is a congressionally directed spending item, a lim-
ited tax benefit, or a limited tariff benefit.
6. (a) A Senator who requests a congressionally directed spend-
ing item, a limited tax benefit, or a limited tariff benefit in any
bill or joint resolution (or an accompanying report) or in any con-
ference report (or an accompanying joint statement of managers)
shall provide a written statement to the chairman and ranking
member of the committee of jurisdiction, including—
(1) the name of the Senator;
(2) in the case of a congressionally directed spending item, the
name and location of the intended recipient or, if there is no spe-
cifically intended recipient, the intended location of the activity;
(3) in the case of a limited tax or tariff benefit, identification
of the individual or entities reasonably anticipated to benefit, to
the extent known to the Senator;
(4) the purpose of such congressionally directed spending item
or limited tax or tariff benefit; and
(5) a certification that neither the Senator nor the Senator’s im-
mediate family has a pecuniary interest in the item, consistent
with the requirements of paragraph 9.
(b) With respect to each item included in a Senate bill or joint
resolution (or accompanying report) reported by committee or con-
sidered by the Senate, or included in a conference report (or joint
statement of managers accompanying the conference report) con-
sidered by the Senate, each committee of jurisdiction shall make
available for public inspection on the Internet the certifications
under subparagraph (a)(5) as soon as practicable.
7. In the case of a bill, joint resolution, or conference report
that contains congressionally directed spending items in any classi-
fied portion of a report accompanying the measure, the committee
of jurisdiction shall, to the greatest extent practicable, consistent
with the need to protect national security (including intelligence
sources and methods), include on the list required by paragraph
232
1, 2, or 3 as the case may be, a general program description in
unclassified language, funding level, and the name of the sponsor
of that congressionally directed spending item.
8. (a) A Senator may raise a point of order against one or more
provisions of a conference report if they constitute new directed
spending provisions. The Presiding Officer may sustain the point
of order as to some or all of the provisions against which the Sen-
ator raised the point of order.
(b) If the Presiding Officer sustains the point of order as to any
of the provisions against which the Senator raised the point of
order, then those provisions against which the Presiding Officer
sustains the point of order shall be stricken. After all other points
of order under this paragraph have been disposed of—
(1) the Senate shall proceed to consider the question of whether
the Senate should recede from its amendment to the House bill,
or its disagreement to the amendment of the House, and concur
with a further amendment, which further amendment shall consist
of only that portion of the conference report that has not been
stricken; and
(2) the question in clause (1) shall be decided under the same
debate limitation as the conference report and no further amend-
ment shall be in order.
(c) Any Senator may move to waive any or all points of order
under this paragraph with respect to the pending conference report
by an affirmative vote of three-fifths of the Members, duly chosen
and sworn. All motions to waive under this paragraph shall be de-
batable collectively for not to exceed 1 hour equally divided be-
tween the Majority Leader and the Minority Leader or their des-
ignees. A motion to waive all points of order under this paragraph
shall not be amendable.
(d) All appeals from rulings of the Chair under this paragraph
shall be debatable collectively for not to exceed 1 hour, equally
divided between the Majority and the Minority Leader or their
designees. An affirmative vote of three-fifths of the Members of
the Senate, duly chosen and sworn, shall be required in the Senate
to sustain an appeal of the ruling of the Chair under this para-
graph.
(e) The term ‘‘new directed spending provision’’ as used in this
paragraph means any item that consists of a specific provision con-
taining a specific level of funding for any specific account, specific
program, specific project, or specific activity, when no specific
funding was provided for such specific account, specific program,
specific project, or specific activity in the measure originally com-
mitted to the conferees by either House.
9. No Member, officer, or employee of the Senate shall know-
ingly use his official position to introduce, request, or otherwise
233
aid the progress or passage of congressionally directed spending
items, limited tax benefits, or limited tariff benefits a principal
purpose of which is to further only his pecuniary interest, only the
pecuniary interest of his immediate family, or only the pecuniary
interest of a limited class of persons or enterprises, when he or his
immediate family, or enterprises controlled by them, are members
of the affected class.
10. Any Senator may move to waive application of paragraph
1, 2, or 3 with respect to a measure by an affirmative vote of
three-fifths of the Members, duly chosen and sworn. A motion to
waive under this paragraph with respect to a measure shall be de-
batable for not to exceed 1 hour equally divided between the Ma-
jority Leader and the Minority Leader or their designees. With re-
spect to points of order raised under paragraphs 1, 2, or 3, only
one appeal from a ruling of the Chair shall be in order, and debate
on such an appeal from a ruling of the Chair on such point of
order shall be limited to one hour.
11. Any Senator may move to waive all points of order under
this rule with respect to the pending measure or motion by an af-
firmative vote of three-fifths of the Members, duly chosen and
sworn. All motions to waive all points of order with respect to
a measure or motion as provided by this paragraph shall be debat-
able collectively for not to exceed 1 hour equally divided between
the Majority Leader and the Minority Leader or their designees.
A motion to waive all points of order with respect to a measure
or motion as provided by this paragraph shall not be amendable.
12. Paragraph 1, 2, or 3 of this rule may be waived by joint
agreement of the Majority Leader and the Minority Leader of the
Senate upon their certification that such waiver is necessary as a
result of a significant disruption to Senate facilities or to the avail-
ability of the Internet.

234
 Acknowledgments
The original publications of this history has benefitted from the
contributions and cooperation of a number of Congressional offices
and agencies, including the Parliamentarian of the Senate, the Li-
brary of Congress, the Office of the Architect of the Capitol, the
U.S. Senate Historical Office, the U.S. Senate Library, and the
Government Accountability Office.
This update and revision of these original publications also re-
ceived assistance from several Congressional offices, especially the
U.S. Senate Library, the Congressional Research Service, and the
U.S. Senate Historical Office. Special recognition and appreciation
are extended to Dr. Richard Baker of the U.S. Senate Historical
Office, Ms. Sandy Streeter of the Congressional Research Service,
and Ms. Barbara Wolanin, Curator, Office of the Architect of the
Capitol, and the Government Printing Office Creative & Digital
Media Services.

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