ELECTIVE MIDTERM REVIEWER

TOPIC 4- SHIPS CRITICAL COMPONENTS

Introduction

Ships, whether for transporting goods or people, are intricate machines requiring a sophisticated combination
of design, engineering, and construction. Understanding the various parts of a ship is crucial to ensuring
smooth navigation and safe transport.

The anatomy of a ship consists of multiple parts, each with its distinct purpose and function. These parts
include the hull, superstructure, propulsion system, navigation and communication equipment, cargo handling
equipment, safety equipment, electrical systems, and plumbing and sanitation systems. Knowing how each of
these components works is essential in comprehending the ship's anatomy, construction, and systems.
CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN A VESSEL
 Hull
 Deck structures
 Propulsion system
 Navigation and Communication Equipment
 Cargo Handling Equipment
 Safety Equipment
 Electrical System
 Plumbing and Sanitation Systems

HULL/ SHIP’S HULL

The ship hull is the main body of the vessel that provides buoyancy and stability. It is the outermost layer
and is responsible for withstanding the forces of the sea. The hull is made up of several components that work
together to form a rigid and durable structure.
The hull structure is made up of the bottom, sides, and deck of the ship. The bottom of the hull is called the
keel, which runs the length of the ship and provides support and stability. The sides of the hull are called the
plating or shell and are made of steel or aluminum to withstand the harsh marine environment. The deck is
the top of the ship and provides a surface for crew and cargo.
SURVEY & INSPECTION FOCUS:
Structural Integrity
Inspection for Cracks, Corrosion, and Damage:
Cracks. Regularly inspect the hull for any visible cracks, especially around high-stress areas such as the keel,
joints, and welds. Cracks can compromise the structural integrity and lead to serious issues if not addressed
promptly.
Corrosion. Look for signs of corrosion, particularly in areas exposed to seawater and harsh environmental
conditions. Corrosion can weaken the hull material, making it more susceptible to damage.
Damage. Check for any physical damage caused by impacts, grounding, or collisions. This includes dents,
punctures, and deformations that could affect the hull’s performance and safety.
Thickness Measurement
For example, Ultrasonic testing is used to measure the thickness of the hull plating without causing any
damage. This non-destructive testing method helps in identifying areas where the hull may have thinned due
to corrosion or wear.

Damage Assessment
Check for any physical damage caused by impacts, grounding, or collisions. This includes dents, punctures, and
deformations that could affect the hull's performance and safety.
Coating Condition
Check for Wear and Tear on Protective Coatings. Regularly inspect the coatings for signs of wear, such as
peeling, blistering, or cracking. Areas with damaged coatings are more prone to corrosion and should be
repaired promptly. Follow guidelines for maintaining and repairing protective coatings to ensure they remain
effective. This includes cleaning the hull, applying touch-up coatings, and conducting full recoating as
necessary.
DECK STRUCTURE
The deck structure of a vessel is a crucial component that provides stability, walking space, and a place for
equipment and machinery. A ship's superstructure is the upper part of the ship above the main deck, which
includes the bridge, deckhouse, and accommodations for the crew and passengers. It serves as the brain and
housing of the vessel, containing essential systems and equipment necessary for safe and efficient navigation.
Some Key Parts of a Ship's Deck structure:
 MAIN DECK- This is the primary deck of the ship, providing the main working surface and structural
strength.
 UPPER DECK- Located above the main deck, it often houses additional facilities and equipment.
 FOREDECK - The forward part of the main deck, typically used for anchoring and mooring operations.
 WEATHER DECK - An exposed deck that is open to the elements, often used for cargo handling and
other operations.
  LOWER DECK - Below the main deck, it includes spaces for machinery, storage, and sometimes crew
accommodations.
 BRIDGE - The command center of the ship, located on the upper deck, where navigation and control are
managed.
 FUNNEL DECK - Houses the ship's funnel, which releases exhaust gases from the engine room.

SURVEY & INSPECTION FOCUS:

CORROSION
Inspect for signs of rust and pitting, especially in areas exposed to seawater and harsh weather conditions.
Regular maintenance and protective coatings can help mitigate corrosion. Verify that all safety rails and
ladders are firmly attached and free from any loose fittings.
CRACKS
Look for any visible cracks, which can indicate structural weaknesses. Pay special attention to high-stress areas
and joints.
DEFORMATION
Check for any warping or bending of the deck plating, which can compromise the vessel's structural integrity.
WATERTIGHT INTEGRITY
Ensure that hatch covers are properly sealed to prevent water ingress. This includes checking the condition of
gaskets and seals.
PROPER SEALING
Inspect the locking mechanisms and securing devices to ensure they are functioning correctly and can maintain
a watertight seal under all conditions.
STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY
Inspect the accommodation areas for any signs of structural damage, such as cracks or deformations in the
walls, floors, and ceilings.
FUNCTIONALITY
Check that all ventilation systems are operating efficiently, providing adequate airflow to all areas of the
vessel.
HABITABILITY
Ensure that living quarters are safe and comfortable for the crew, with adequate lighting, ventilation, and
emergency exits.
CLEANLINESS
Inspect ducts and vents for blockages and cleanliness to prevent the buildup of harmful substances and ensure
a healthy environment for the crew
PROPULSION SYSTEM
One of the most essential systems onboard a ship is the propulsion system, which provides the necessary
power to move the vessel through the water. The propulsion system consists of various components, including
the engine room, propellers, and engines.
 Engine Room
Located in the lower part of the ship, houses engines, generators, and other machinery. Critical area requiring
constant monitoring and maintenance. Crew can perform repairs and maintenance on ship's machinery here.
 Propellers
Essential components of ship's propulsion system, generating force for movement. Number and size vary based
on ship's design. Typically located at the stern.
 Engines
Type depends on ship's size, speed, and power requirements. Common types include diesel engines, steam
turbines, and gas turbines. Located in engine room, responsible for generating power to turn propellers and
move ship through water.
SURVEY & INSPECTION FOCUS:
WEAR
Regularly inspect engine components for signs of wear and tear. This includes checking pistons, cylinders, and
bearings. Look for any unusual noises or vibrations that could indicate internal wear.
LEAKS
Examine the engine for any oil, coolant, or fuel leaks. Pay special attention to seals, gaskets, and hoses. Leaks
can lead to significant engine damage if not addressed promptly.
PROPER OPERATION
Test the engine’s performance under various operating conditions. This includes checking the engine’s starting
ability, idle stability, and power output. Ensure that all gauges and sensors are functioning correctly to monitor
engine health.
DAMAGE
Inspect propellers for any signs of physical damage, such as cracks, dents, or corrosion. Damaged propellers
can reduce efficiency and cause vibrations.
ALIGNMENT
Check the alignment of the propeller shaft to ensure it is properly aligned with the engine. Misalignment can
cause excessive wear on bearings and seals, leading to potential failures.
BALANCE
Ensure that the propeller is balanced to prevent vibrations that can damage the engine and other components.
This involves checking for uniform weight distribution across the propeller blades.
NAVIGATION & COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENTS
 Navigation and communication equipment are essential components of a ship's critical systems. These
technologies enable vessels to safely navigate through waters, communicate with other ships and
shore-based facilities, and maintain situational awareness at sea.

 Modern ships are equipped with a wide array of sophisticated navigation tools, including GPS systems,
radar, sonar, and electronic chart display and information systems (ECDIS). These instruments provide
crucial data on the ship's position, surrounding vessels, and potential hazards.

 Communication equipment on board typically includes radio systems, satellite communications, and
internal communication networks. These systems allow for distress signaling, weather updates, and
coordination with maritime authorities and other vessels.

 Regular maintenance and updates of navigation and communication equipment are vital to ensure
their reliability and compliance with international maritime regulations. Proper functioning of these
systems is critical for the safety of the crew, passengers, and cargo, as well as for efficient maritime
operations.

SURVEY & INSPECTION FOCUS:

ACCURACY
Regularly calibrate all navigation instruments, including GPS, radar, and compasses, to ensure they provide
precise readings. This is crucial for safe navigation and avoiding potential hazards.
PROPER FUNCTIONING
Test all navigation instruments to confirm they are operational. This includes checking the display screens,
input controls, and any associated software for errors or malfunctions.
REDUNDANCY
Ensure that backup navigation systems are available and functional in case of primary system failure. This
includes having spare parts and alternative navigation tools on hand.
RESPONSIVENESS
Test the steering gear for quick and accurate response to control inputs. This involves checking the hydraulic or
mechanical systems that control the rudder.
RELIABILITY
Conduct thorough inspections of the steering gear components, including the rudder, tiller, and associated
linkages, for signs of wear, corrosion, or damage. Regular maintenance and lubrication are essential to prevent
failures.
EMERGENCY SYSTEMS
Verify that emergency steering systems are operational and that crew members are trained in their use. This
includes testing the manual steering controls and ensuring that emergency power supplies are functional.
OPERATIONAL STATUS
Check all communication systems, including VHF radios, satellite phones, and internal communication
networks, to ensure they are working correctly. This is vital for maintaining contact with other vessels and
shore stations.
SIGNAL CLARITY
Test the clarity and range of communication signals to ensure they are free from interference and can reach
the intended recipients. This includes checking antennas and signal boosters.
BACK UP SYSTEM
Ensure that backup communication systems are available and functional. This includes having spare batteries,
alternative communication devices, and emergency contact procedures in place.

CARGO HANDLING EQUIPMENT

Cargo handling equipment is indeed a critical component of a vessel, playing a vital role in the efficient and
safe loading, unloading, and transportation of goods.
Types of Cargo Handling Equipment:
Cranes and Derricks - Used for lifting and moving heavy cargo. They must be regularly inspected for structural
integrity and operational safety.
Winches - Essential for hoisting and lowering cargo. They need to be checked for wear and proper functioning.
Conveyors - Used for moving bulk cargo efficiently. They should be inspected for alignment and damage.
Forklifts and Straddle Carriers - Used at ports for moving containers and other cargo. They enhance the speed
and efficiency of cargo operations.
SAFETY EQUIPMENT
Safety equipment on a vessel is not only essential for compliance with international maritime regulations but
also for ensuring the well-being of everyone on board.
Essential Safety Equipment Inspected:
Lifeboats and Life Rafts

Fire Suppression Systems o Fire Extinguishers, Fire Hoses and Hydrants, Sprinkler
Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacons (EPIRBs):
Personal Flotation Devices (PFDs) a. Life Jackets, Immersion suits
Distress Flares and Signals (Pyrotechnics) a. Handheld Flares, Parachute Flares, Smoke Signals
Marine Radios a. VHF Radios, HF Radios
First Aid Kits
Navigational Lights and Radar Reflectors
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
The electrical system on board a vessel is a complex network designed to generate, distribute, and manage
electrical power to ensure the smooth operation of all onboard systems and equipment.
Common Electrical System Inspected:
 Generators - Ships typically use diesel generators to produce electricity. These generators convert
mechanical energy from the ship's engines into electrical energy.
 Emergency Generators - These are backup generators that provide power in case the main generators
fail. They are crucial for maintaining essential systems during emergencies.
 Main Switchboard - This is the central hub for distributing electrical power throughout the ship. It
controls the flow of electricity from the generators to various systems and equipment.
 Distribution Panels - These panels distribute power to different sections of the ship, such as the engine
room, accommodation areas, and navigation systems.

Common Electrical Systems

Hybrid Systems
These combine diesel engines with electric propulsion, allowing for greater flexibility and efficiency.
Circuit Breakers and Fuses
These protect the electrical system from overloads and short circuits. They automatically disconnect the power
supply in case of a fault.
Grounding Systems
These ensure that any stray electrical currents are safely directed to the ground, preventing electrical shocks
and equipment damage.
Radar and GPS Systems
These rely on electrical power to function, providing critical information for safe navigation.
Communication Systems
Radios, satellite communication systems, and internal communication networks all depend on a reliable
electrical supply.
PLUMBING
& SANITATION SYSTEM
The plumbing and sanitation system on a vessel is essential for maintaining hygiene, ensuring the health and
well-being of the crew and passengers, and complying with environmental regulations.
Key components of the Plumbing and Sanitation System:
 Marine Toilets (Heads)
 Holding Tanks
 Plumbing Systems
 Freshwater Systems
 Sewage Treatment System
SUMMARY
A vessel is a complex structure composed of numerous critical components, each essential for its functionality,
safety, and efficiency.
Critical components include:
 Hull
 Deck structures
 Propulsion system
 Navigation and Communication Equipment
 Cargo Handling Equipment
 Safety Equipment
 Electrical System
 Plumbing and Sanitation Systems

TOPIC 5
International Conventions governing surveys and the Classification Societies

Overview of International Conventions

 All ships must be surveyed and verified by officers of the Flag State Administrations or their recognized
organizations (ROs)/recognized security organizations (RSOs)/nominated surveyors
Relevant certificates must be issued to establish that ships are:
In compliance with the requirements of IMO Conventions
 Designed
 Constructed
 Maintained
 Managed
Key Conventions: SOLAS and MARPOL
SOLAS
SOLAS (International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974) lays down a comprehensive range of
minimum standards for the safe construction of ships and the basic safety equipment (e.g. fire protection,
navigation, lifesaving and radio) to be carried on board. SOLAS also requires regular ship surveys and the issue
by flag states of certificates of compliance.
MARPOL
MARPOL (International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973/1978) contains
requirements to prevent pollution that may be caused both accidentally and in the course of routine
operations. MARPOL concerns the prevention of pollution from oil, bulk chemicals, dangerous goods, sewage,
garbage and atmospheric pollution, and includes provisions such as those which require certain oil tankers to
have double hulls.

Key Conventions: COLREG and LOADLINE

COLREG
COLREG (Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972) lays down the
basic "rules of the road", such as rights of way and actions to avoid collisions.
LOADLINE
LOADLINE (International Convention on Loadlines, 1966) sets the minimum permissible free board, according
to the season of the year and the ship's trading pattern.

Key Conventions: ISM and ISPS

SM (The International Safety Management Code, 1993), ISM effectively requires shipping companies to have
a license to operate. Companies and their ships must undergo regular audits to ensure that a safety
management system is in place, including adequate procedures and lines of communication between ships and
their managers ashore.
ISPS (The International Ship and Port Facility Security Code, 2002), ISPS includes mandatory requirements to
ensure ships and port facilities are secure at all stages during a voyage.

Key Conventions: STCW and ILO 147

STCW 1978 as amended (International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping
for Seafarers (STCW), 1978, establishes uniform standards of competence for seafarers.
ILO 147 (The ILO Merchant Shipping (Minimum Standards) Convention, 1976) requires national
administrations to have effective legislation on labor issues such as hours of work, medical fitness and
seafarers' working conditions. This was superseded by the ILO Maritime Labour Convention, 2006 which
entered into force on 30 August 2013.

BWM Convention
International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments (BWM
Convention)
This convention aims to prevent the spread of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens through ships' ballast
water.
Ship surveys under the BWM Convention ensure that ships comply with the regulations. These surveys involve
inspecting and certifying that the ballast water management systems on board are functioning correctly and
meet the required standards.
Ships over 400 GT (gross tonnage) are subject to these international surveys and certifications, while smaller
ships may follow national regulations
Certificates Issued by Conventions
Types of Certificates:
Certificates issued by these conventions include (some depend on the type of ship):
• International Tonnage Certificate
• International Load Line Certificate
• Passenger Ship Safety Certificate
• Cargo Ship Safety Construction Certificate
• Cargo Ship Safety Equipment Certificate
• Cargo Ship Safety Radio Certificate
• Cargo Ship Safety Certificate
• Safety Management Certificate
• International Ship Security Certificate
• Stability Information
• Damage Control Information
• Cargo Securing Manual
• Minimum safe manning document
• Certificates for masters, officers or ratings
• International Oil Pollution Prevention Certificate
• International Certificate for the Carriage of Noxious Liquid Substances
• International Sewage Pollution Prevention Certificate
• International Air Pollution Prevention Certificate
• International Anti-fouling System Certificate
• Oil Record Book
• Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan
• Garbage Management Plan
• Garbage Record Book
Issuance and Inspection
The certificates and documents are issued by the officers of flag State Administrations or their
ROs/RSOs/nominated surveyors authorized for the purpose and are subject to inspection by port State control
officers (PSCOs).
Guidelines and Standards by Classification Societies
Classification societies are organizations which develop and apply TECHNICAL STANDARDS for the design,
construction and survey of ships and which carry out surveys and inspections on board ships. Flag states can
authorize classification societies to act on their behalf to carry out statutory survey and certification work of
their ships. Worldwide there are more than 50 classification societies
Members of IACS
 ABS- American Bureau of Shipping (USA)
 BV- Bureau Veritas (France)
 CCS- China Classification Society (China)
 CRS- Croatian Register of Shipping (Croatia)
 DNV GL- Det Norske Veritas Germanischer Lloyd (Germany)
 IRS- Indian Register of Shipping (India)
 KR- Korean Register of Shipping (South Korea)
 LR- Lloyd's Register (UK)
 PRS- Polish Register of Shipping (Poland)
 RINA- Registro Italiano Navale (Italy)
 RS- Russian Maritime Register of Shipping (Russia)
 ClassNK- Nippon Kaiji Kyokai (Japan)

Survey Types conducted by CS

Initial Survey

Conducted during the construction of the ship to verify compliance with design specifications and relevant
standards.
Annual Survey
Yearly inspections to ensure ongoing compliance with safety and environmental standards.
Intermediate Survey
Conducted midway between two periodic surveys to verify the condition of the ship and its equipment.
Special Survey
Detailed inspections conducted every five years to evaluate the structural integrity and overall condition of the
ship.
Bottom/Docking Survey
Involves inspecting the ship's hull and related components, usually when the ship is dry-docked.
Survey Guidelines
Hull and Machinery Surveys
Inspect the structural integrity and mechanical systems of the ship to ensure they meet safety and operational
standards.
Load Line Surveys
Verify that the ship's load line marks are correctly placed and maintained, ensuring the vessel's stability and
seaworthiness.
Safety Equipment Surveys
Check the presence and functionality of life-saving appliances, fire-fighting equipment, and other safety-
related installations.
Environmental Surveys
Assess compliance with environmental regulations, such as ballast water management, sewage treatment, and
air pollution controls.
Radio Surveys
Ensure the ship's radio equipment is operational and meets international communication standards.

Documentation and Certification

 Classification Certificates: Issued upon successful completion of surveys, these certificates affirm the
ship's compliance with classification society standards.
Key Standards and Guidelines
 International Maritime Organization (IMO) Conventions: Classification societies align their survey
guidelines with IMO conventions to ensure global uniformity.
 Unified Requirements (UR): Developed by the International Association of Classification Societies
(IACS), URs standardize requirements across different classification societies.

 Quality Management Systems (QMS): Classification societies implement QMS to maintain high
standards of survey and certification processes.

Survey Process

1. Planning - Schedule surveys based on the ship's operation schedule,

ensuring minimal disruption.
2. Execution - Conduct thorough inspections, tests, and evaluations of the ship's structure,
equipment, and systems.
3. Reporting - Document findings, noting any deficiencies and Recommendations Or corrective
actions.
4. Certification - Issue or renew certificates based on the survey results, ensuring the ship meets all
relevant standards.

These guidelines and standards are essential for maintaining maritime safety, environmental protection, and
operational efficiency. They provide a framework for systematic and consistent inspections, ensuring that ships
are seaworthy and compliant with international regulations.

Maritime Authorities
Guidelines and Standards
National Maritime Authorities are governmental bodies responsible for regulating and overseeing maritime
activities within their jurisdiction. They enforce international maritime conventions and national regulations to
ensure the safety, security, and environmental protection of vessels.
These authorities enforce compliance with international regulations such as SOLAS (Safety of Life at Sea),
MARPOL (Prevention of Pollution from Ships), STCW (Standards of Training, Certification, and Watchkeeping
for Seafarers), and other international and national regulation.
Regulatory framework is largely based on the conventions set by the International Maritime Organization
(IMO).
Their focus includes regulatory compliance, safety, and environmental protection.

National Maritime Authorities

United States Coast Guard (USCG)

CFR (Code of Federal Regulations): Contains regulations for ship construction, equipment, and operation in
U.S. waters.
NVIC (Navigation and Vessel Inspection Circulars): Provides guidance on compliance with maritime
regulations.
Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA) - United Kingdom
MGN (Marine Guidance Notes): Offers detailed guidelines on safety, environmental, and operational
standards.
MSN (Merchant Shipping Notices): Contains mandatory requirements for ship surveys and certifications.
Maritime Industry Authority (MARINA) - Philippines
PMMRR (Philippine Merchant Marine Rules and Regulations): Governs the construction, operation, and
safety of ships.
MARINA Circulars: Provide specific guidelines for surveys,
inspections, and certifications.

Inspection Types and Requirements

Flag State Control inspection
Maritime administration of the country under whose the
vessel flying its flag.
Their purpose is to ensure the safety at sea with regards
to construction, maintenance, seaworthiness, manning,
labor condition, Crew training, Prevention of collision
and to ensure the ship is appropriately surveyed as
to condition, equipment & manning.
Port State Control ( PSC)
is the inspection of foreign ships in national ports to verify that
the condition of the ship and its equipment comply with the
Requirements of international regulations and that the ship is
manned and operated in compliance with these rules.

Certification and Documentation

Statutory Certificates

Issue such certificates as required under international conventions like SOLAS and MARPOL.

These standards and guidelines are critical for maintaining maritime safety, protecting the marine
environment, and ensuring efficient ship operations. They create a systematic framework for conducting
thorough and consistent inspections, ensuring ships are fit for service and compliant with international and
national regulations.

CLASSIFICATION SOCIETY VS MARITIME AUTHORITY

 Independent organizations  Governmental bodies

 Set technical standards  Enforce international regulations and

national laws
 Conduct surveys based on their
technical standards  Conduct inspections to ensure
regulatory compliance.
 issue classification certificates
 Issue statutory certificates required by
 Focus on the technical integrity
international conventions.
and reliability of the vessel
 emphasize regulatory compliance,
safety, environmental protection, and
seafarer welfare.

VESSEL INSPECTION/ SURVEY CHECKLIST

Designed to assist inspectors to assess whether a ship complies with the relevant international regulations and codes of
practice prepared by industry and in respect of responsible management of the ship, safe operational practices and
environmental protection.

Each item in the checklist is identified with a category number in the first column of the list. Most of the items have a
letter at the end of the number which will indicate the importance of the item:

 S= Statutory
 R= Required
 D= Desirable
Where relevant, checklist items have been referenced to the relevant regulation and industry recommendations for
analytical reasons.

Conducting the Inspection

Inspection should only be carried out in the full knowledge of the Master or his deputy and with his co-operation. On
boarding the ship, the inspector should report directly to the Master in order to explain his intentions and objectives.

During the inspection of the ship, it is recommended that the inspector be accompanied at all times by a responsible
person(s) nominated by the Master.

The inspector should be an observer only and should not interfere or become involved in the operation of the ship or be
a party in any discussion between the ship and terminal, port authorities etc.

On completion of the inspection, the inspector will report to the Master and discuss with him the findings of his
inspection. This will give the opportunity to clarify questions, which may have arisen in the course of the inspection (e.g.
compliance with Flag Regulations) before he leaves the ship. Whenever possible

The Inspection Report

The Inspection Report has been prepared in the form of checklists applicable to the different Sections covered by the
inspection.

Not all items will be applicable to the ship inspected and should therefore be so indicated. When further clarification or
additional information is needed to better clarify the inspector's findings, further explanation should be provided under
"Remarks "at end of each section.

The "Inspection Summary "should reflect the findings shown in the relevant sections.

Extent of the Inspection

 If the vessel is taken in on "short time" hire, maximum of 2 to 3 weeks, the inspector may restrict the inspection
to ship and crew certificates.

 There must not be any outstanding issues from port authority or class. Lifeboat and fire-drill are
mandatory.
 If however, based upon above inspection/observations, things are found to be unclear, a more
thorough inspection may be initiated.
 Any recommendations given should be discussed with the vessel contractor for further actions.
 If the vessel is into a charter for more than one-year, annual periodic in-service inspection should be
carried out with a full checklist inspection.

Sample Table of Contents for a Vessel Inspection Checklist

Introduction and Certificates

1. INTRODUCTION
2. ABBREVIATIONS
3. EXPLANATION OF KEY TERMS USED
4. LIST OF OBSERVATIONS
5. MAIN CERTIFICATES
 General
 Check list for certificates

Vessel Details and Requirements

 1. VESSEL PARTICULARS / BRIDGE EQUIPMENT INSTRUMENTATION
2. FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
 Commitments and Policy
3. CERTIFICATION
 Certification of Personnel
4. NAVIGATION AND BRIDGE PROCEDURES
 Procedures and planning
 Publications
 Operational condition of instruments

Safety Equipment

1. HEALTH, SAFETY AND PERSONNEL PROTECTION

 Health and Safety
 Personnel protection
2. FIREFIGHTING
3. LIFE SAVING APPLIANCES

Engine and Operations

1. ENGINE DEPARTMENT
 Administration
 Operation
 Machinery
 Machinery Spaces
 Energy Conservation
2. OPERATIONAL SAFETY
Additional Sections in the Checklist

• POLLUTION PREVENTION
• HOUSE KEEPING
• INTERNAL COMMUNICATION
• SECURITY
• HULL AND SUPERSTRUCTURE
• HELICOPTER OPERATION
• SEISMIC VESSELS SPECIFIC
• SUPPLY VESSELS / ANCHOR HANDLING VESSELS SPECIFIC
• STAND BY VESSEL SPECIFIC

Specialized Checklist For Different ship types

Cargo Vessel ( Bulk Carrier, Container)
 Bulk Carrier Safety and Compliance Checklist- "BCSCP Form A"
 Container Ship Safety and Compliance Checklist- "CSSC Form B"
 RightShip Inspection Ship Questionnaire (RISQ) is a comprehensive inspection tool used primarily for
dry bulk carriers
 Trim and Stability Information Checklist- "Trim Stability Checklist"
 Cargo Securing Manual (CSM) Checklist- Ensures proper securing of cargo to prevent shifting during
transit.
 Cargo Handling Equipment Inspection Checklist- Verifies the condition and functionality of cargo
handling equipment.
TANKER VESSEL (OIL, CHEMICAL )
 SIRE (Ship Inspection Report Programme) Checklist- Comprehensive inspection covering crew
management, navigation, safety management, pollution prevention, and more.
 SIRE Inspection Checklist- "SIRE Ship Inspection Report"
 Tank Inspection Checklist- Focuses on the condition of tanks, including structural integrity and
cleanliness.
 CDI (Chemical Distribution Institute) Audit - is a specialized inspection regime designed for chemical
and gas tankers.
 ISO Audit- for chemical tankers, involves inspecting, testing, and certifying cylindrical tank containers
used for transporting various liquids and gases.
PASSENGER SHIP
 Passenger Safety Management System (PSMS) Checklist- Focuses on passenger safety, emergency
procedures, and life-saving equipment.
 Passenger Ship Safety Certificate (PSSC) Checklist- Ensures compliance with international safety
regulations for passenger ships.

SPECIALIZED VESSEL
 Offshore Supply Vessel (OSV) Inspection Checklist- Focuses on the specific needs of OSVs, including
cargo handling and safety equipment.

 Platform Supply Vessel (PSV) Inspection Checklist- Ensures compliance with regulations for PSVs,
including cargo handling and pollution prevention.

SUMMARY
 This topic addresses the international regulatory framework and standards governing ship surveys,
particularly focusing on key conventions and the role of classification societies. The main conventions
include SOLAR, MARPOL 73/78, STCW 78, etc.
 These conventions require flag states or their recognized organizations (ROs) to carry out surveys to
ensure compliance and issue certificates like the International Tonnage Certificate, Load Line
Certificate, and Oil Pollution Prevention Certificate. Port State Control also inspects vessels to verify
these standards.
 Classification Societies play a crucial role by developing technical standards for ship design,
construction, and operation. They are authorized to conduct statutory surveys on behalf of flag states.
Key societies include ABS, BV, DNV GL, LR, and others under the International Association of
Classification Societies (IACS).
  These societies ensure compliance through various surveys such as initial, annual, intermediate, and
special surveys covering hull integrity, machinery, safety equipment, and environmental regulations.
 The survey process involves careful planning, execution, and documentation, ensuring ships meet
international and national standards.
 Maritime Authorities like the IMO, USCG, MCA, and MARINA set additional guidelines for surveys. They
provide documents such as Safety Management Certificates and Load Line Certificates that confirm
compliance with safety, environmental, and operational standards.
CONCLUSION
The international conventions and classification societies establish a comprehensive framework for ensuring
the safety, environmental compliance, and operational efficiency of ships. Through systematic surveys and
adherence to detailed standards, these conventions and societies promote the safety of life at sea,
environmental protection, and global uniformity in ship design and operation. The meticulous survey
process, combined with effective certification, ensures that vessels are seaworthy and capable of safe
operations in diverse marine environments.