TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

MARKING RUBRICS FOR BTGE 1023 ASSIGNMENT

STUDENT’S NAME & ID: 1. How Man Kien 22WGR04143

2. Tay Chai Kent 22WGR08976
3. Chok Yu Hang 22WGR08658
4. Lee Qing Hwee 22WGR04146
5. Jeremiah Ellud Lihan 21WGR13350
EXAMINER’S SIGNATURE:
REMARKS (IF ANY):

DATE:

MARKING RUBRIC
NUM MARKING CRITERIA MARKS RUBRICS SCORES
ALLOCATED ATTAINED
0–4 5-8 9 - 10
1
2%
PRESENT GOOD OBJECTIVES, INTRODUCTION AND PRESENT EXCELLENT OBJECTIVES, INTRODUCTION AND
INTRODUCTION AND
BACKGROUND STUDY BASED ON FEW SOURCES/LITERATURE BACKGROUND STUDY BASED ON IMPORTANT AND
BACKGROUND STUDY NON, LIMITED OR IRRELEVANT TO THE WORK REVIEWS RELEVANT SOURCES/ LITERATURE REVIEWS
0–4 5-8 9 - 10

1% THE EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN IS POORLY STRUCTURED THE EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN IS ADEQUATELY STRUCTURED THE EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN IS WELL-STRUCTURED AND
AND EXPLAINED. IT INCLUDES A VAGUE DESCRIPTION AND EXPLAINED. IT INCLUDES A DESCRIPTION OF THE CLEARLY EXPLAINED. IT INCLUDES A DETAILED
OF THE METHODOLOGY AND THE VARIABLES THAT METHODOLOGY AND THE VARIABLES THAT WILL BE DESCRIPTION OF THE METHODOLOGY AND THE
WILL BE MEASURED. MEASURED. VARIABLES THAT WILL BE MEASURED
EXPERIMENTAL
DESIGN 0–4 5-8 9 - 10

2%
DATA IS NOT COLLECTED OR IS INCOMPLETE. DATA IS DATA IS COLLECTED ACCURATELY AND THOROUGHLY WITH DATA IS COLLECTED ACCURATELY AND THOROUGHLY
NOT ANALYZED OR INAPPROPRIATE MATHEMATICAL SOME ERRORS. DATA IS ANALYZED, BUT NOT ALL WITH MINIMAL ERRORS. DATA IS ANALYZED USING
TECHNIQUES ARE USED. APPROPRIATE MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES ARE USED. APPROPRIATE MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES,
0–4 5-8 9 - 10

6% VERY LIMITED / INCORRECT / NO ATTEMPT TO BRIEFLY DISCUSS/DEMONSTRATE THE FUNCTIONALITY AND DETAIL DISCUSS/ DEMONSTRATE THE FUNCTIONALITY
SOFTWARE SKILLS / DISCUSS/ DEMONSTRATE THE FUNCTIONALITY AND CAPABILITY OF THE WORK AND CAPABILITY OF THE WORK,
DATA COLLECTION & CAPABILITY OF THE WORK
ANALYSIS SOME RESULTS ARE CORRECTLY INTERPRETED AND ALL RESULTS ARE CORRECTLY INTERPRETED AND
DISCUSSED DISCUSSED
0–4 5-8 9 - 10
2%

1
 NON, LIMITED OR IRRELEVANT LIMITATIONS AND BRIEFLY DISCUSS SOME LIMITATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR DETAIL DISCUSSION ON IMPORTANT AND RELEVANT
SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT IMPROVEMENT LIMITATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT
0–4 5-8 9 - 10

RESULTS AND 2% NON, LIMITED OR IRRELEVANT CONCLUSION VALID AND GOOD CONCLUSION WITH GOOD VALID AND EXCELLENT CONCLUSION WITH GREAT
DISCUSSION UNDERSTANDING OF THE WORK, ONLY MINOR UNDERSTANDING OF THE WORK
IMPROVEMENTS ARE NEEDED

0–4 5-8 9 - 10

2%
NON, LIMITED OR IRRELEVANT REFERENCES SOME REFERENCES WITHOUT PROPER FORMAT COMPREHENSIVE AND PROPER REFERENCES AND
CITATIONS

LIMITATIONS AND 0–4 5-8 9 - 10

SUGGESTIONS FOR
IMPROVEMENT

NO/ WEAK PRESENTATION SKILLS MODERATE PRESENTATION SKILLS MODERATE REPORT GREAT PRESETATION SKILLS
POOR REPORT FORMAT FORMAT DISTRIBUTION OF TASKS/ WORKLOADS AMONG THE GREAT REPORT FORMAT
TEAM GREAT DISTRIBUTION OF TASKS/ WORKLOADS AMONG
THE TEAM

CONCLUSION

3%

REFERENCES

PRESENTATION, FORMAT
AND TEAM WORK
MARKS AWARDED 20%
TOTAL MARKS AWARDED:

2
Introduction and Background Study

Differentiation is a mathematical technique that is under the topic of calculus which was
invented by Sir Isaac Newton. Differentiation has many applications including optimization
which allows us to find the maximum and minimum values of a certain function. This allows
us to identify the peak value which may increase efficiency when designing a process. Other
than that, differentiation allows us to identify the rate of change in a situation. For example,
when the function of displacement is differentiated, a function of velocity is derived.
Furthermore, differentiation allows an approximation to the most precise value, especially for
situations like finding the value of revenue of a business. Differentiation also allows us to
sketch a graph and identify critical points and inflection points on it to further analyse a function.

General theory of differentiation by graphical method:

Differentiation, in mathematics terms, is a process of finding the rate of change of a function,

or derivative of a function. In the graph, the derivative of a function f’(x) finds that the
function's general gradient equation is also indicating the instantaneous rate of change of f(x).

Let’s take an example of function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 :

Figure 1.0 𝑥 displayed on a graph

Given that points, p and q lie on the f(x), a secant line is drawn to connect the points p and q.

3
 Figure 2.0 𝑥 intercepting with the secant line

Let the point 𝑝 = (𝑥, 𝑦), then the coordinate of point q will be (𝑥 + 𝛥𝑥, 𝑦 + 𝛥𝑦). The notation
𝛥 represents a small change in corresponding variables. When point q approaches point p, 𝛥x
will become smaller and smaller. In the end, when the q is infinitely approached to the point p
(𝛥𝑥 → 0), a line that is approximate to the tangent line at p will get. The gradient of this tangent
line at point p will be the gradient of f(x) at p. [1]

Figure 3.0 Q is infinitely approaching point P, illustrating the concept of limits

4
The gradient of a non-vertical line also known as the rate of change of y with respect to x ( ).

Thus, taking the point p as 𝑝 = (𝑥, 𝑦) and the point q as 𝑞 = (𝑥 + 𝛥𝑥, 𝑦 + 𝛥𝑦):

( ) ( )
= 𝑓′(𝑥) =
( )

( ) ( )
=

Thus, the gradient of the tangent line (when 𝛥𝑥 → 0) can be concluded to:

𝛥𝑦 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝛥𝑥) − 𝑓(𝑥)

𝑙𝑖𝑚 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
→0 𝛥𝑥 →0 𝛥𝑥

We can also denote the instantaneous rate of change (𝛥𝑥 → 0) at any point on f(x) as:

𝑙𝑖𝑚 =
→0

Be aware of the notation is indicating the instantaneous rate of change of y with respect to

x instead of the division.

Let’s take a specific example: Find the gradient of f(x)=x2 at x=1:

When the x change from 1 to 3(𝛥𝑥 = 2), y will change from 1 to 9(𝛥𝑦 = 8 ), we connect the

secant line at x=1 and x=3, the rate of change ( ) When x changes from 1 to 3 will be:

Figure 4.0 Illustration of the rate of change

5
The gradient of the tangent line is computed:

Coordinates (x,y) 𝛥𝑥 𝛥𝑦 Gradient ( )

(3,9) 2 8 4

(2.5,6.25) 1.5 5.25 3.5

(2.4) 1 3 3

(1.5,2.25) 0.5 1.25 2.5

(1.1,1.21) 0.1 0.21 2.1

(1.001,1.002001) 0.001 0.002001 2.001

Figure 5.0 Table illustrating the gradient of the tangent line

As 𝛥𝑥 → 0, the → 2, which meaning that the gradient of the f(x) when x=1 is 2. We can

apply to check by using the 1st derivative of f(x) with respect to x which is .

𝑑𝑦 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝛥𝑥) − 𝑓(𝑥)

= 𝑙𝑖𝑚
𝑑𝑥 →0 𝛥𝑥

(1 ) (1)
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚
→0

(1 )2 1 2
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚
→0

𝛥𝑥 2 + 2𝛥𝑥
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚
→0 𝛥𝑥

6
 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝛥𝑥 + 2
→0

=0+2

=2

The application of differentiation contributes to many research and studies in our modern
society. For example, differentiation can be applied in medical science. In terms of the medical
field, differentiation contributed by calculating changes and providing cures at a specific time
to achieve effective treatment. [2] To be more specific, a function M(t) is the measure of
medication in a patient’s blood.

𝑡
𝑀(𝑡) = 2𝑡 −
4
𝑀 = 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚
𝑡 = ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑟𝑔𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

By applying differentiation to this function

𝑑𝑀 1
=2− 𝑡
𝑑𝑡 2

Thus, obtaining the rate of change of M with respect to time.

Getting inspiration from many other applications, this is a study on the rate of growth of green
beans. The purpose of this experiment is not only to observe its rate of growth. Moreover, it is
aim is to derive useful information related to agriculture.

Theoretical rate of growth of plant seedlings

The most fundamental characteristic of all living things is growth. Growth is a permanent,
irreversible increase in the size of an organism. Every living thing experiences the process of
growing larger as it matures. It is a metabolic process that cannot be stopped or reversed. All
species exhibit this trait, which is accompanied by several metabolic processes. In plants, seeds
sprout into new seedlings, which then develop into fully-grown plants. Plants can continuously
grow throughout their entire life but some limitations lead to the infinite growth of plants.
Meristems are specialised cells that manage the entire growth and development process in
plants. [3]

7
Seed germination is a process by which various plant species develop from a single seed into
a plant known as seed germination. This method has an impact on crop yield and quality. Rapid
water uptake by the seeds during the early stages of germination causes swelling and optimal
temperature-induced softening of the seed coat. Imbibition is the name given to this phase.
Enzymes are activated to begin the growth process. The seed starts to produce proteins, respire,
and metabolise the food that has been stored after activating its internal physiology. This is the
seed germination lag phase. [4] The seed coat bursts, allowing the radicle to emerge and
develop into a primary root. The seed begins to take up water from underground. After the
radicle and plumule have emerged, the shoot begins to ascend. The seed cell extends, divides,
and becomes metabolically active during the last stage of seed germination to produce the
seedling

Besides that, investigating the growth of plant seedlings using differentiation involves
measuring the height of the seedlings at different time intervals and calculating the rate of
growth at different stages of development. This process involves collecting data and
differentiating the data, and interpreting the results.

The growth of plants can vary depending on several factors such as temperature, light intensity,
water (humidity), and the number of plant seedlings. Plants with different environments will
have different rates of growth. Plants reach the highest rate of growth when they meet their
optimal condition. To thrive, plants require nutrients, water, light, warmth, and air. One of these
requirements may prevent a plant from growing or even cause it to perish. For instance, a plant
kept in a dark environment will grow tall and spindly in search of light before deteriorating and
dying.

8
 Factor Effect

Temperature In this experiment, the higher the temperature, the faster the rate of growth.
In general, higher temperature benefits shoot growth, including leaf
enlargement and stem thickening and lengthening. Plants reach the highest
rate of growth when they meet optimal temperatures. Every plant has its
suitable optimal temperature. Most plants can withstand normal temperature
fluctuations. The perfect temperature for most plants to grow is 21-24
degrees Celsius.

Light
The production of plant food, stem length, leaf colour, and flowering are all
intensity
influenced by light intensity. Low-light plants typically have spindly growth
and light-green leaves. Similar plants cultivated in intense lighting typically
have shorter, better branches and larger, dark green leaves. The longer the
time in good quality light intensity, the faster the rate of growth of plant
seedlings. This is because more light intensity drives photosynthesis
reactions and the rate of photosynthesis will increase in high light intensity.
The majority of plants reach the highest rate of growth when they meet
optimal light intensity.

Humidity The humidity impacts the amount of water the plants evaporate through their
leaves. Plants cannot expel water if the humidity is too high, which will
prevent the growth of plant seedlings and evaporation. For plants to grow,
water is a necessity. When there is enough water, they thrive. They even react
when there is a water shortage.

Soil nutrient
For healthy growth, plants require an adequate supply of nutrients. The
quantity and quality of nutrients have an impact on plant growth. Our growth
rate rises as nutrient levels rise, reaching a high treatment level.

Figure 6.0 Table showing the environmental factors affecting plant growth

9
Experimental design

We design an experiment that includes 4 sets of variables

Variables Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 Set 4

Water 2 1 1 1
Environment Soil Cotton Cotton Cotton
Number of Seeds 1 2 1 1
Location Outdoor Outdoor Indoor Toilet

Figure 7.0 Table showing experiment sets

1. Each member was assigned to do the respective experiment set.

2. Measurements were taken every day using a ruler.
3. Step 2 was repeated for 21 days.
4. The height of the green bean was recorded in a table and a graph of height against day
was plotted.
5. The graph was further analysed to model an equation to explain the growth of green
beans.
6. Differentiation was applied to identify a function of the rate of growth.

10
Results and Discussion

Set 1
Height (cm) Graph of Height against Time
Day Height(cm)
35
1 0.0
30
y = -0.0645x2 + 2.984x - 4.8102
2 0.0
25
3 0.0
20
4 5.4
15
5 9.0
10
6 12.6
7 14.6 5

8 16.1 0
0 5 10 15 20 25
9 17.2 -5 Time(Days)
10 18.5 Figure 9.0 Graph of height against time (Set 1)
11 19.0
12 21.7
13 22.8
14 23.8
15 25.3
16 26.2
17 26.7
18 27.8
19 28.8
20 29.3 Figure 10.0 Graph of polynomial trendline (Set 1)
21 30.0

Figure 8.0 Table of results (Set 1)

Equation of polynomial trendline: 𝑦 = −0.0645𝑥 + 2.984𝑥 − 4.8102

After differentiation: = −0.0645 𝑥 + 2.984

11
Set 2

Average Height
(cm)
Graph of Height against Time
Height Height Height 25
Day 1 (cm) 2 (cm) (cm)
1 0 0 0 20 y = 0.0053x2 + 0.9182x - 1.1941

2 0.1 0.1 0.1

3 0.5 0.4 0.45 15
4 0.7 0.6 0.65
5 1 0.9 0.95 10
6 2 2.2 2.1
7 3 3.5 3.25 5
8 5 3.5 4.25
9 6 5.5 5.75 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 Time
10 6.1 5.5 5.8
(Days)
11 6.2 5.8 6 -5
Figure 12.0 Graph of height against day (Set 2)
12 10 9.6 9.8
13 12 11 11.5
14 13 12.5 12.75
15 15 14 14.5
16 15.5 15 15.25
17 15.8 16 15.9
18 16.5 16.2 16.35
19 17 16.8 16.9
20 18 17.4 17.7
21 18.5 18 18.25 Figure 13.0 Polynomial trendline graph (Set 2)
Figure 11.0 Table of results (Set 2)

Equation of polynomial trendline: 𝑦 = 0.0053𝑥 + 0.9182𝑥 − 1.1941

After differentiation: = 0.0053𝑥 + 0.9182

12
 Set 3

Time(days) Length(cm) Height

Graph of Height against Time
1 0 (cm)
25
2 3.5
3 6.8 20

4 8.5
15
5 12 y = -0.1026x2 + 2.8606x - 0.5414

6 15 10

7 18.2
5
8 18.4
9 18.6
0
10 18.3 0 5 10 15 20 25
Time(Days)
11 18
Figure 15.0 Graph of height against time (Set 3)
12 17.8
13 17.7
14 17.5
15 17.3
16 17
17 17
18 17
19 17
20 17
21 17

Figure 14.0 Table of results (Set 3) Figure 16.0 Polynomial trendline graph (Set 3)

Equation of polynomial trendline: 𝑦 = −0.1026𝑥 + 2.8606𝑥 − 0.5414

After differentiation: = −0.1026𝑥 + 2.8606

13
Set 4

Time Height (cm) Height

(cm) Graph of height against time
(Days) Seed 1 Seed 2
20
1 0.0 - y = -0.0138x2 + 1.5379x - 2.2512
15
2 0.0 -
10
3 2.5 -
5
4 3.1 -
0
5 5.7 - 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
-5
6 6.5 - Time (days)
Figure 18.0 Graph_1 of height against time (Set 4)
7 7.1 -
8 8.8 - Height
Graph of height against time
(cm)
9 10.5 - 15
10 12.5 - y = 0.2214x2 - 5.7143x + 35.514
10
11 13.2 -
5
12 14.1 -
13 15.7 - 0
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
14 17.0 - -5
Time (days)
15 17.0 0.0 Figure 19.0 Graph_2 of height against time (Set 4)
16 - 0.0
17 - 2.7
18 - 4.4
19 - 6.9
20 - 10.0
21 - 13.0

Figure 17.0 Table of results (Set 4) Figure 20.0 Polynomial 1&2 trendline graph (Set 4)
Equation of polynomial trendline seed 1: 𝑦 = −0.0071𝑥 + 1.2139𝑥 − 3.5502

After differentiation: = −0.0142𝑥 + 1.2139

Equation of polynomial trendline seed 2: 𝑦 = −0.0288𝑥 + 2.0825𝑥 − 2.5093

After differentiation: = −0.0576𝑥 + 2.0825

14
Discussion

Set Discussion
1 The equation, 𝑦 = −0.0645𝑥 + 2.984𝑥 − 4.8102 is expressing a function of the
height based on time, in this situation y is the height (in cm) while x is the time (days).
The function shows that on the 21st day (refer to Appendix 1 to see the plant photo), the
height should be 29.04 cm which is close to the original data recorded.

The graph shows the exponential growth of the plant, the plant was not growing for the
first few days. After that period, its growth began to spurt and increased exponentially.

This showed that the effect of nutrients on the growth of the plant is crucial.

From the trendline equation, its derivative was found to be = −0.0645 𝑥 + 2.984,

ie its rate of growth is about 1.6295 cm/day.

When y is differentiated with respect to x, the equation gives us a function of the rate
of growth. The function can approximate the rate of growth of a plant based on the time
(days) given.

This is helpful when predicting the number of crops able to yield in larger agriculture
fields.

2 The graph shows a similar growth; however, it is slightly more linear growth. On the
8th-10th day, it experienced slower growth, however, it picked its growth back up and
increased linearly.
The equation of growth, 𝑦 = 0.0053𝑥 + 0.9182𝑥 − 1.1941 was formed. The
function shows that on the 21st day, the height should be 20.43 cm which is close to the
original data recorded. The gap between the actual height and theoretical height is
slightly more significant. However, this is caused by having 2 seeds in one environment
which increases the variable risks. Furthermore, this set of experiments was the only
one that has a positive quadratic function. This might be caused by having 2 seeds that
act in competition with each other. Hence, this might delay the growth of both seeds by
a little, but it also helps extend their lifespan as it does not reach their maximum growth
in the shortest time.

15
 From the trendline equation, its derivative was found to be = 0.0053𝑥 + 0.9182,

ie its rate of growth is about 1.0295 cm/day.

3 The graph shows linear growth at first, however after the 11th day (refer to Appendix 2
to see the plant photo), it experiences a quadratic decrease.
The equation, 𝑦 = −0.1026𝑥 + 2.8606𝑥 − 0.5414 was formed. The function shows
that on the 21st day (refer to Appendix 3 to see the plant photo), the height should be
14.28 cm. There is a large gap between the actual value and the original value. This is
due to the drop in height which results in a huge change.
From the trendline equation, its derivative was found to be = −0.1026𝑥 + 2.8606,

its rate of growth is about 0.706 cm/day.

4. In this set, 2 graphs are provided due to the wilting of the first seed. This might be
caused by the harsh environment growing in a toilet due to bacteria and high humidity.
However, both graphs look like the growth in set 2 except that the wilting occurs much
quicker than in set 2.
For the first graph, the equation, 𝑦 = −0.0071𝑥 + 1.2139𝑥 − 3.5502 is formed. The
function shows that on the 21st day (refer to Appendix 4 to see the plant photo), the
height should be 18.81 cm if it managed to live for 21 days.
For the second graph, the equation, 𝑦 = −0.0288𝑥 + 2.0825𝑥 − 2.5093 is formed.
The function shows that on the 21st day (refer to Appendix 4 to see the plant photo), the
height should be 28.52 cm.
From the first trendline equation, its derivative was found to be = −0.0142𝑥 +

1.2139, its rate of growth is about 0.916 cm/day.

From the first trendline equation, its derivative was found to be = −0.0576𝑥 +

2.0825, its rate of growth is about 0.873 cm/day.

There is a large deviation between the first and second graphs, this is because the data
collected for graph 1 is more than for graph 2. Hence, it would be more accurate with
lesser deviation.

16
Limitation and suggestion

Limitation Suggestion
Light: Try to plant inside an enclosed place and put
While the light is too bright and hot will harm some special digital light which is almost the
the seedlings, but not enough light the same as the sun and use a computer to control
seedlings will do less photosynthesis. the light with a specific temperature.
Water: Use the pot with a hole under the pot when
While too much water can cause root rot, too the soil absorbed enough water will release
little water can cause seedlings to wilt. the excess water through the hole.
Soil nutrients: Try to fertilize with organic fertilizer.
If the soil nutrient is less can cause stunted
growth.
Soil quality: When seeing the soil is too compacted, we
If the soil is too compacted can prevent the can try to use a digger to lose the soil or we
roots from growing properly. can put a worm in the pot.
pH: Try to search online or in a book try to find
For optimal growth, different plants require the research on the plant's suitable pH value,
varied pH values. and use the specific pH value of soil.
Seed quality: Try to plant more to prevent the seeds is fail
Poor-quality seeds could fail to germinate. to germinate and got a backup plant.

Measuring tools Measurement can be taken a few more times

to obtain average results which can increase
the accuracy of measurements
Standardization The growth of a plant does not contribute
solely to its height only, Furthermore, its
growth includes its leaves and roots.
However, for standardization of
measurement, the height of the stem was
measured only.
Figure 21.0 Table illustrating the limitations and suggestions to improve the experiment

17
Conclusion

In conclusion, we can find the maximum and lowest values of growth by using differentiation
to illustrate the rate of change in bean growth. In addition to obtaining the results of growth,
we may ascertain the purpose of plant growth. Finding the plant's rate of change and obtaining
its peak value from the manner of planting have an impact on the procedure to investigate the
mass of crop production. The rate of a plant's growth can be calculated by considering variables
including temperature, light intensity, moisture content, and soil nutrients. To get the best
possible growth rate, the seedling must be well-cared for. By differentiating the function of
displacement, the result of the function of growth is obtained to calculate the maximum or peak
of the bean growth. As a result, a graph of the polynomial growth of beans will show the precise
point of maximum value. As we can see from the data recorded, the theoretical data calculated
and the experimental data value obtained has a small difference and is slightly inconsistent.
The results obtained from this experiment have demonstrated the importance of the application
of differentiation. By modeling the growth of beans, it can be beneficial to study the ways to
increase production mass within a period. It also gives insight into the behavior of plant growth.

18
Appendix

1.

Figure 22.0 Set 1 plant at day 21.

2.

Figure 23.0 Set 3 plant at day 11.

19
3.

Figure 24.0 Set 3 plant at day 21.

4.

Seed 2

Seed 1

Figure 25.0 Set 4 plant at day 21.

20
5.

Figure 26.0 Set 2 plant on day 14

21
Reference

[1] Dr Daniel Mathews, “Introduction to differential calculus.” Amsi.org.au, 2019.

https://amsi.org.au/ESA_Senior_Years/PDF/IntroDiffCall3b.pdf [accessed 8 Apr 2023]

[2] Dr Vishwajeet S. Goswami, “Application of Differentiation in Medical Science.”

Amsi.org.au, 2023. https://philstat.org/index.php/MSEA/article/view/1879/1372 [accessed 8
Apr 2023]
[3] GeeksforGeeks, “Phases of Growth In Plants – Growth Rates.” Amsi.org.au, 2022.
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/plant-growth-rates/ [accessed 8 Apr 2023]
[4] Byju’s, “Seed germination - Process, Necessity, and its Major Factors.” Amsi.org.au, 2019.
https://byjus.com/biology/seed-germination/ [accessed 8 Apr 2023]

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