Hepworth - Drain

Product,
Design &
Installation
Guide
November 2019 Rev1
2 Tel: 0844 856 5165 Email: [email protected] www.hepworthclay.co.uk
Contents
Mini Access Chamber (MAC). . . . . . . 124

Introduction 4 Design 78 Polypropylene Inspection
Chambers (PPIC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Range 450 Inspection Chamber. . . . . 129
Design guidance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
The benefits of Hepworth Clay. . . . . . . . 6 Range 600 Inspection Chamber. . . . 131
Layout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
The lifecycle of Hepworth Clay. . . . . . . . 8 Conventional manhole construction. 133
Hydraulic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Backdrop connections. . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Products 10 Design equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Pipe connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
SuperSleve cutting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Worked examples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Range Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 SuperSleve jointing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Pipe flow capacity tables. . . . . . . . 88
Product details – Introduction . . . . . . . 16 SuperSleve testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Structural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
SuperSleve Health and safety, maintenance. . . . . 142
Chemical resistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Pipes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 General information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Product specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Couplings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Bends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Junctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Installation 98
Saddles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Planning, delivery, handling
Taper Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Socket Adaptor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Dismantling a Hepworth Clay
pipe pack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Traps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Pipe laying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Gullies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Trench excavation and formation. . 101
Hoppers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Bedding requirements . . . . . . . . . . 102
Stoppers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Laying pipes in soft ground (TN1) .104
Rodding Points. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Laying pipes in water-logged
Drain Connectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
ground (TN2). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Adaptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Passing pipes through
Access Fittings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 structures (TN3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
BS 9295:2020 Guide to the
SuperSleve Gratings Concrete bedding to pipes structural design of buried
& Cover Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 (TN4). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 pipelines. New revision now
Pipelines under buildings contains guidance for the use of
Channels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
(TN5). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 recycled aggregates for pipe
Yard Gullies/Road Gullies . . . . . . . . . . 52 bedding.
Laying pipes at shallow
Grease Traps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 depths (TN6). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 See pages 112-114 for details.
Unjointed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Laying vitrified clay pipes
HepLine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 on recycled material (TN7). . . . . . . 112
Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 HepLine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Inspection Chambers . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Vertical connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
MAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Telescopic Rest Bend. . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
PPIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Rat Barrier. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Range 450. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Rainwater and waste connections

– Gullies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Range 600. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Yard Gully . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Square Top Rodding Point. . . . . . . . . 123
3
The finest pipe on Earth,
born of the earth.
If you set out today to create to rebirth manufacturing process. Even our quarries are
expertly returned to flourishing natural habitats, alongside
the perfect material for a tree planting programme to continually offset the carbon
impact of quarrying activities.
drainage, clay would be the For most construction materials, sustainability is a pipe
product you’d invent. dream; for Hepworth Clay it’s a natural and actual reality.
Clay pipes are inert, making them impervious to almost any
At Hepworth we have always believed that for future-proof chemical or physical attack.
drainage ‘clay is the way’ – the ultimate sustainable, durable,
cost-efficient and high performance sewerage solution. Vitrified Clay’s strength not only means it’s highly resistant
to static and dynamic loadings, it also doesn’t need as much
Clay is a 100% natural and plentiful raw material. Sourced granular bedding, cutting installation costs as well as the
from our local quarries which minimises transportation, the carbon footprint of aggregate transportation.
clays are carefully blended to take advantage of their distinct
mineralogy prior to heat treatment in a calciner, a globally It’s a genuine fit and forget solution too, that will be trouble-
unique process for clay pipe production. free for future generations. And with no renovation or repairs
needed, service costs are as low as its installed risk profile.
Filtered moorland rainwater is used to hydrate the clays
during pipe extrusion. They are then guided through driers To which can be added the Hepworth hallmark of precision
utilizing recovered heat from energy efficient fast firing manufacturing to guarantee consistent quality, standards
roller kilns, supporting our environmental policy, leading compliance, a complementary jointing performance and
to BS EN ISO 14001 certification. total service support.
Up to 15% of any off-cuts, trimmings or product used Clay has been used in drainage for more than 6,000 years.
in testing are ground down and re-introduced into the For every consulting engineer making a choice today, it is
manufacturing process with no loss of quality. With total the natural choice for the future.
end-of-life recyclability, vitrified clay is the ultimate birth

5
The benefits of Hepworth Clay
Superior strength
and durability
High pipe strength is an inherent
quality of vitrified clay and is
enhanced by our manufacturing
expertise. A Hepworth 300mm
SuperSleve pipe has a crushing
strength of 72 kN/m.
Superior
sustainability
Clay is 100% natural and plentiful raw
material, which is also 100% recyclable
at the end of its operating life, giving it
a true birth to rebirth capability.
We add only moorland rainwater and
heat in a production process that uses
recovered heat for drying prior to firing
to keep environmental impact to a
minimum. Choosing Hepworth Clay
is the optimum environmental choice.
Superior quality
Hepworth Clay products are kitemarked to
EN 295-1, have a declaration of performance
and CE mark, and are manufactured under a
quality system approved to BS EN ISO 9001.
Regular quality checks are made at key
stages to guarantee factory process control,
with regular ongoing quality audits made by
external European and worldwide quality
inspectors.
Random sample pipes are crushed to ensure
that the strength that is imprinted onto the
pipe is delivered to site.

Superior jetting
performance
Clay drainage’s resistance to high water
pressure jetting means more blockages
will be cleared first time with reduced risk.
SuperSleve pipe has a Lifetime Jetting
Guarantee* 7,500 psi at a flow rate
not exceeding 20 gals/min held static
for 5 minutes, providing a 50% higher
operating pressure than the WRc
requirement for clay pipes.
Superior bedding
performance
The natural strength of clay drainage enables
recycled aggregate to be used as a bedding
material as referenced in BS 9295, reducing
costs and environmental impact during the
construction process.
The savings can be significant when
a full trench depth of granular material can
actually be more expensive than the pipe.
Hepworth Clay can advise on the optimum
soil and ground conditions from geotechnical
reports to establish when this sustainable and
cost efficient solution can be deployed.
Superior chemical
resistance
Once vitrified, clay is one of the most inert
materials on earth, rendering it resistant to
almost all chemical attack.
Hepworth Clay is completely unaffected
by any effluent allowed in an adoptable
sewer system virtually eliminating the risk
of exfiltration.
With a resistance to practically all chemicals
and compounds that might be found in the
ground, clay is the perfect choice when
specifying drainage for contaminated
brownfield sites.
7
Clay
Lifecycle of mineralogy
Hepworth
The quality of the shale
clay deposits we quarry,
laid down more than
280 million years ago,
Clay
are key to the creation
of a thin wall product
with a high crushing
strength, unique to the
SuperSleve process.
Start 1
Extrusion Moorland
and trimming rainwater use
The powdered clays are Moorland rainwater is
mixed with moorland collected and stored in
rainwater to exactly our on-site reservoir to
18% moisture content, supply the 50 million litres
continuously extruded of water required per
and are then cut and year to hydrate the clays
chamfered to precise in the four roller kilns,
lengths. All ‘green clay’ minimising embodied CO2
trimmings return to the and raising sustainability.
raw materials area for
re-use.
7 6
Drying Quality
and firing inspection
Heat recovered from the Each pipe is then
firing kilns is redirected to individually inspected
the drier to help take the internally and externally
water content from 18% for straightness, end
to <0.5% and optimise imperfections and
energy use. structural integrity
The entire kiln is angled using a ring test.
by 1° so that pipes are
rolled and pushed uphill,
to maintain dimensional
accuracy.
8 9
Raw clay Blending
to site A consistent blend is key
to consistent product
Clay with selected quality, with each blend
properties is sourced from containing 40 layers
different quarries within a to create the required
5 mile radius to minimise material properties.
embodied CO2 impact 15% of fired scrap in
and is then pre-blended. each blend acts like the
Process trimmings are aggregate in concrete
reintroduced into the and also saves energy
process to further reduce during firing.
Hepworth’s carbon footprint.
2 3
Calcination Grinding
In a process unique to The blended clay is
SuperSleve the clays are then transported to the
then fed into a precipitation grinding plant where it
calcination plant at high is dried and pan ground
temperatures to reduce to a particle size of less
impurities. Ball milling than 1.6mm.
then reduces particle size
still further; to less than
20 microns.
5 4
Manufacturing Quarry
standards aftercare
Clay drainage systems programmes
are manufactured and
rigorously tested to the At our quarries, we work
highest standards, meeting with experts to return
the requirements of BS previously agricultural land
EN 295-1 for vitrified clay back to natural habitats,
pipe systems. create new woodlands and
wetlands, re-establish
bio-diversity and put
aftercare programmes in
place for the long term.
10 11
9
Products

Range overview
Products
Foul and surface
water systems
Range overview
SuperSleve 100 to 300mm
The Hepworth SuperSleve clay drainage system is available
in 100mm, 150mm, 225mm and 300mm diameters for use
in adoptable sewers, commercial or industrial construction,
highways and general building drainage.
Comprises a range of vitrified clay pipes both standard
and short length, bends, junctions, gullies and adaptors
(see below).
• SuperSleve 100mm – plain ended pipes and fittings
jointed with push-fit flexible couplings. Fittings are also
available with factory fitted couplings
• SuperSleve 150mm – plain ended system of pipes, bends
and junctions; jointed with push-fit flexible couplings
• SuperSleve 225 and 300mm – pipes, bends and junctions
incorporating factory fitted couplings. Plain ended pipes
and fittings are also available
Polypropylene push-fit flexible couplings with EPDM rubber
sealing rings (supplied as standard) and special purpose
Nitrile rubber sealing rings for sites with hydrocarbon
contamination, are available for all pipe sizes.
SuperSleve
accessories
SuperSleve Gratings & Cover Plates
A range of cover plates, grids and gratings to complement
SuperSleve gullies and hoppers (not yard/road gullies).
Clay Channels 100 to 300mm

A range of plain ended or socketed channel fittings for use
in foul and surface water manholes and can be used to create
a dry weather channel in combined sewers.
Yard/Road Gullies
A range of larger capacity vitrified clay gullies in a variety
of sizes suitable for roads, paved areas and car parks, to
provide an effective means of collection of surface water
into the main drainage system. Vitrified clay and plastic
gully options.
Unjointed 100 to 300mm

Traditional spigot and socket pipes, bends, junctions and
terminal fittings for use in repair and maintenance work.
11
Land Drainage
HepLine 100 to 300mm
A range of plain ended and socketed
perforated pipe jointed with standard
couplings from the SuperSleve range.
Suitable for surface water collection
from highways, playing fields, sports
grounds, forestry and waste tips and
for general land drainage. Can also be
used for septic tank effluent dispersal.
System applications
Nominal
System Applications Specification
Diameter (mm)
Foul and surface water in adoptable sewers, commercial or industrial

SuperSleve 100, 150, 225, 300 BS EN 295-1
construction, highways and general building drainage
For use in constructed manholes and as a dry weather channel in

Clay Channels 100, 150, 225, 300 BS 65:1991
combined sewers.
A traditional system of spigot and sockets for cement mortar jointing,

Unjointed 100, 150, 225, 300 BS 65:1991
suitable for refurbishment and replacement of traditional drains.
Surface water collection – highways, playing fields, sports grounds,

HepLine 100, 150, 225, 300 forestry, waste tips and general land drainage. Can also be used for BS EN 295-5
septic tank effluent dispersal.

Inspection Chambers
Products
Shallow Chambers
The Mini Access Chamber (MAC) and Polypropylene
Inspection Chamber (PPIC) are designed to be used with
SuperSleve clay pipes in private drainage applications
subject to Building Regulations Approved Document H.
The Mini Access Chamber is suitable for use up to a
maximum invert depth of 0.6 metres. The PPIC is suitable
for use up to a maximum invert depth of 1.2 metres.
Deep Chambers
Range overview
The Range 450 inspection chamber bases are designed
to be used with 100 and 150mm SuperSleve clay pipes.
The Range 600 bases can be used with 150, 225 and
300mm SuperSleve pipes via the appropriate adaptor.
Both inspection chambers are suitable for use in
adoptable drainage applications subject to Ofwats Code
for Adoptable Sewers, Appendix C – Design Construction
Guidance up to 1 metre deep, or 3 metres deep with a
restriction access cap fitted. They can also be used in
private drainage applications up to 1.2 metres deep,
or 3 metres deep with a restriction access cap fitted.
Range comparison information
MAC PPIC Range 450 Range 600
Max Invert Depth (m) 0.6 1.2 3.0 3.0
Base/Shaft Dia. (mm) 300 475 450 600
Adoption Type D Adoption Type D

Suitable for: Building Regulations Building Regulations
Building Regulations Building Regulations
Inlet Sizes (mm) 100 100/150 100/150 150/225/300
Standards – – BS EN 13598-2 BS EN 13598-2
Product Details (page ref.) p58-60 p61-66 p67-72 p73-77
13
Exceptional performance
General (a) Angular deflection
BS EN 295-1 states deflection limits for the jointing of
The following performance information relates to Hepworth clay pipes regardless of the type of joint. These are given
SuperSleve Clay Drainage systems including the relevant in Table 1. The assembly is required to stand the relevant
European and British Standards which the products and test pressures for 5 minutes with no visible leakage.
systems must comply with. This test simulates the effect of subsidence or subsequent
ground movement.
The products meet all the relevant performance levels
necessary to comply with the BS EN 295-1. Hepworth Clay
products have a design performance far in excess of the Deflection angle
specified requirements.
Joint flexibility
Joint assemblies are required to satisfy angular deflection
and shear resistance tests to safeguard against both infiltration
into and exfiltration from the drainage system.
SuperSleve joint
Joint flexibility is tested in two ways in order to demonstrate
resistance to leakage.
These are:
Table 1 – Angular deflection
(a) Angular deflection (BS EN 295-1)
(b) Shear resistance (BS EN 295-1) Nominal Size (mm) BS EN 295-1
An effective seal must be maintained under internal and
external pressures of 5 kPa (0.05 bar) and 50 kPa (0.5 bar) 100-200 80mm/m (4.75°)
for the specified length of time without visible leakage to 225-300 30mm/m (1.75°)
meet BS EN 295-1 requirements.
Deflection is measured in mm per metre deflected pipe length.
(b) Shear resistance

BS EN 295-1 requires that a vertical load of 25 N per mm of
nominal pipe size (e.g. 250 kg for DN100, 750 kg for DN300)
is applied to the joint assembly with no visible leakage.
The assembly is required to stand the relevant test pressure
for 15 minutes with no visible leakage.
Shear force
SuperSleve joint Shear force
Note that differential movement can occur when pipes enter

buildings or connect with an inspection chamber, manhole,
wall or other structure.
This movement must be allowed for. For further details see
Pipes Passing through Structures: Technical Note 3 page 106.

Strength Watertightness of pipe,
Products
Performance parameters are laid down in Table 2. bends and junctions
All Hepworth Clay pipes meet the criteria specified in
BS EN 295-1, and in many cases are well in excess of Hepworth clay pipes are tested for impermeability using
the stated level of performance. an air and water test.
BS EN 295-1 Air Test: The pipes, bends and junctions are
subjected to an initial air pressure of 100mm water gauge,
Abrasion resistance which may not drop below 75mm water gauge in 5 minutes.
Erosion of vitrified clay pipes in use is minimal and Water Test: The pipes, bends and junctions are required to
seldom needs to be considered during design. For special withstand an internal water pressure of 50 kPa (0.5 bar) for
circumstances of application the values of average abrasion 15 minutes without leakage.
resistance can be determined from the test methods in
Overview – performance
BS EN 295-3.
Bond strength
Flow characteristics Where fittings are made up by assembling fired clay parts
together, BS EN 295-1 requires the bending tensile strength
The flow properties of all clay pipes have been assessed of both the adhesive and the adhesive/clay interface to be
using the Colebrook-White formula shown in BS EN 16933-2. tested. Neither the adhesive nor the adhesive/clay interface
should fracture under a bending tensile stress of 5 N/mm2.
Recommended roughness values (ks) are:
Foul and combined sewers: Loading

• ks = 1.5mm at velocity less than 1m/s Pipes specified in BS EN 295-1 are resistant to fatigue
from pulsating loads found under highways and railways.
• ks = 0.6mm at velocity greater than 1m/s
Surface water sewers: Durability

• ks = 0.6mm
Properly designed, constructed, operated and maintained
All pipes and fittings have a low hydraulic roughness. Further systems incorporating Hepworth Clay products have a design
information on hydraulic design can be found on page 85 in life expectancy well in excess of 100 years as supported by
the Design section. BS EN 295-1 / annex B.6 economy.
This longevity is due to the material characteristics and
strength of vitrified clay pipe and fittings which does not
change after manufacture and installation.
The range offers the designer products that are capable
of withstanding most structural situations combined with
trouble-free performance in the most arduous of conditions.
Table 2 – Crushing strength and bending moment resistance
Nominal Crushing Strength BS EN 295 Bending Moment

Range
Diameter (mm) (kN/m) Class No. Resistance (kNm)
SuperSleve 100 40 – 2.00
150 40 – 5.00
225 45 200 9.00
300 72 240 –
HepLine 100 28 – –
150 28 – –
225 36 – –
300 48 – –
15
Product details – Introduction
Descriptions Standards
Hepworth Clay drainage systems comply, where applicable,
Descriptions and illustrations in this publication are for
with the requirements of the following British Standards:
guidance only.
SuperSleve pipe and polypropylene couplings
• The fittings illustrated are indicated by a bold Cat No.
BS EN 295-1:2013
No responsibility can be accepted for any errors or omissions.
Refer to the product itself if more detailed information is required. Vitrified clay pipe systems for drains and sewers. Part 1:
Due to the continuing programme of product improvement Requirements for pipes, fittings and joints.
the Company reserves the right to amend any published
information or to modify any product without prior notice. Rubber sealing rings
BS EN 681-1:1996
Dimensions Elastomeric seals. Material requirements for pipe joint seals

used in water and drainage applications. Part 1: Vulcanized
rubber.
Unless otherwise stated all dimensions are in millimetres (mm).
HepLine
Symbols of certification BS EN 295-5:2013

Vitrified clay pipe systems for drains and sewers. Part 5:
a) B
ritish Standard Kitemark Requirements for perforated pipes and fittings.
Identifies pipes and fittings which
Clay Channel, Unjointed
are manufactured under the BSI
Certification Scheme. BS 65:1991
b) CE Mark Specification for vitrified clay pipes, fittings and ducts, also
Identifies products covered by a CE mark. flexible mechanical joints for use solely with surface water
pipes and fittings.
c) Lifetime Jetting Guarantee
Identifies products that are guaranteed*
for the system lifetime against penetration
of the pipe wall caused by the following Quality assurance
jetting criteria:
Hepworth Clay pipes are manufactured on a site whose carbon
• High pressure water jet used at a pressure emissions have been independently verified to EU ETS, earning
of up to 7500 psi (517 bar) it the CICS Carbon Verified Assurance Mark.
• At a flow rate not exceeding 20 gallons per minute All products are manufactured under a quality management
(1.5 litres per second) system which is approved to BS EN ISO 9001 Quality
• Held immobile for a constant period of not more Management Systems – Requirements. Certificate No. FM00217.
than 5 minutes All Wavin manufacturing sites operate Environmental Management
* When laid in accordance with our instructions and the requirements Systems which comply with the requirements of and are certified
of the codes of practice and guides relevant to their use. to BS EN ISO 14001, Certificate No. 42231.

SuperSleve
Products
Product Details
Pipes
SuperSleve
B Plain Ended Pipe
Material: Vitrified clay
Nominal Cat No. Certs. Dimensions (mm)
Dia (mm) A B
A 100 SP1 a C 1600 11
150 SP2 ! a C 1750 14
225 SP175/4 a! C 1750 19
300 SP7 a! C 2000 29
B Socketed Pipe
A Dia (mm) A B
225 SP175/4S a C 1750 19
300 SP7S a! C 2000 29
B Plain Ended Rocker Pipes

Dia (mm) A B
A 100 SP030/1 a C 300 11
100 SP060/1 ! a C 600 11
100 SP100/1 a! C 1000 11
150 SP030/2 a! C 300 14
150 SP060/2 a! C 600 14
150 SP100/2 a! C 1000 14
225 SP030/5 a C 300 19
225 SP060/5 ! a C 600 19
225 SP100/5 a! C 1000 19
300 SP030/7 a! C 300 29
300 SP060/7 a! C 600 29
300 SP100/7 a! C 1000 29
17
B Socketed Rocker Pipes
A Dia (mm) A B
225 SP030/5S a C 300 19
225 SP060/5S ! a C 600 19
225 SP100/5S a! C 1000 19
300 SP030/7S a! C 300 29
300 SP060/7S a! C 600 29
300 SP100/7S a! C 1000 29
Couplings
A EPDM Sealing Rings
Material: Polypropylene
Dia (mm) A
100 SC1/1 a C 45
150 SC1/2 ! a C 55
225 SC1/5 a! C 75
300 SC1/7 a! C 100
A Nitrile Sealing Rings

• For applications involving petrol, diesel and oil type
contamination either in the ground or the effluent
• See page 96 for guidance
• SL1C high performance lubricant should be used
for installation
Dia (mm) A
100 SC3/1 a C 45
150 SC3/2 ! a C 55
225 SC3/5 a! C 75
300 SC3/7 a! C 100
Sliding Couplings
• For new branch entries and repairs
Dia (mm) A
100 SC4/1 a C 90
A 150 SC4/2 ! a C 110

Products
Bends
90º Plain Ended Bend

A Dia (mm) A R
R
90º
100 SB1/1 a C 195 150
150 SB1/2 ! a C 285 230
225 SB1/5 a! C 335 235
SuperSleve
300 SB1/7 a! C 470 320
90º Socketed Bend

A Dia (mm) A R
R
90º
225 SB1/5S a C 335 235
300 SB1/7S a! C 470 320
90º Plain Ended Rest Bend

90º Material: Vitrified clay
R
Dia (mm) A R
100 SBR1 a C 225 215
150 SBR2 ! a C 270 230
225 SBR5 a! C 335 235
A
300 SBR7 a! C 470 320
R 90º Socketed Rest Bend

90º Nominal Cat No. Certs. Dimensions (mm)
Dia (mm) A R
225 SBR5S a C 335 235
300 SBR7S a! C 470 320
19
90º Telescopic Rest Bend
• For use where either ground settlement or clay heave
B is anticipated
• See page 118 for installation guidance
R
Dia (mm) A B R
100 SBRT1 C 255 180 215
150 SBRT2 C 270 230 230
A
B Rat Barrier
• Prevents rats from entering domestic or commercial
C premises via the drainage system
• The Rat Barrier is used in place of a rest bend at the
base of each soil and ventilation stack
• See page 119 for installation guidance
E D A Nominal Cat No. Certs. Dimensions (mm)

Dia (mm) A B C D E
100 RAT/FM C 1150 110 140 175 970

Dia (mm) A R
R
A
45º
100 SB2/1 a C 107 150
150 SB2/2 ! a C 150 230
225 SB2/5 a! C 200 235
300 SB2/7 a! C 286 320
45º Socketed Bend

Dia (mm) A R
R
A
225 SB2/5S a C 200 235
45º 300 SB2/7S a! C 286 320

Products
R Dia (mm) A R
A
30º
100 SB3/1 a C 95 150
150 SB3/2 ! a C 117 230
225 SB3/5 a! C 160 235
300 SB3/7 a! C 230 320
30º Socketed Bend
SuperSleve
Dia (mm) A R
R
A 225 SB3/5S a C 160 235
30º 300 SB3/7S a! C 230 320

15º
R Nominal Cat No. Certs. Dimensions (mm)
A Dia (mm) A R
100 SB4/1 a C 90 150
150 SB4/2 ! a C 100 230
225 SB4/5 a! C 130 235
300 SB4/7 a! C 195 320
15º Socketed Bend

15º
R Dia (mm) A R
A 225 SB4/5S a C 130 235
300 SB4/7S a! C 195 320
Flexible Bend (0-25º)

Dia (mm) A
100 SFB1/1 300*
*A = Effective length when straight
25º
max
21
Junctions
45º Equal 45º Oblique Junctions
– Plain Ended
C Nominal Cat No. Certs. Dimensions (mm)
A Dia (mm) A B C
B 100 x 100 SJ1/1 a C 350 250 250

150 x 150 SJ1/3 ! a C 450 340 340
225 x 225 SJ1/9 a! C 650 475 450
300 x 300 SJ1/19 a! C 800 600 600
45º Equal 45º Oblique Junctions

– Socketed
Dia (mm) A B C
A
B
225 x 225 SJ1/9D a C 650 475 450
300 x 300 SJ1/19D a! C 800 600 600
90º Equal 90º Square Junctions

– Plain Ended
C
A Dia (mm) A B C
100 x 100 SJ2/1 a C 350 175 175
150 x 150 SJ2/3 ! a C 450 225 210
225 x 225 SJ2/9 a! C 650 475 360
B
300 x 300 SJ3/19 a! C 800 400 400
90º Equal 90º Square Junctions – Socketed

C
Dia (mm) A B C
A
225 x 225 SJ2/9D a C 650 475 360
300 x 300 SJ3/19D a! C 800 400 400

45º Unequal 45º Oblique Junctions
Products
– Plain Ended
A Dia (mm) A B C
B
150 x 100 SJ1/2 a C 450 300 300
225 x 100 SJ1/7 ! a C 450 360 320
225 x 150 SJ1/8 a! C 450 375 375
300 x 100 SJ1/14 a! C 600 485 450
300 x 150 SJ1/15 a! C 600 485 500
300 x 225 SJ1/17 a! C 800 600 500
SuperSleve
45º Unequal 45º Oblique Junctions
– Socketed
• SJ1/17D is supplied with a coupling
C on the barrel and arm
A Material: Vitrified clay

B Nominal Cat No. Certs. Dimensions (mm)
Dia (mm) A B C
225 x 100 SJ1/7S a C 450 360 320
225 x 150 SJ1/8S ! a C 450 375 375
300 x 100 SJ1/14S a! C 600 485 450
300 x 150 SJ1/15S a! C 600 485 500
300 x 225 SJ1/17D a! C 800 600 500
90º Unequal 90º Square Junctions

– Plain Ended
C
Dia (mm) A B C
A
150 x 100 SJ2/2 a C 450 225 185
225 x 100 SJ3/7 ! a C 450 225 215
225 x 150 SJ3/8 a! C 450 225 220
300 x 100 SJ3/14 a! C 600 300 310
B 300 x 150 SJ3/15 a! C 600 275 320
300 x 225 SJ3/17 a! C 600 300 290
90º Unequal 90º Square Junctions

– Socketed
• SJ3/17D is supplied with a coupling
C on the barrel and arm

A
Dia (mm) A B C
225 x 100 SJ3/7S a C 450 225 215
225 x 150 SJ3/8S ! a C 450 225 220
B 300 x 100 SJ3/14S a! C 600 300 310
300 x 150 SJ3/15S a! C 600 275 320
300 x 225 SJ3/17D a! C 600 300 290
23
Saddles
Oblique Saddles – Small

A • For pipes up to and including 300mm diameter
55º
Dia (mm) A
100 SJS1/1 a C 150
150 SJS1/2 a! C 190
Oblique Saddles – Large

A • For pipes larger than 300mm diameter
55º
Dia (mm) A
100 SJS2/1 a C 150
150 SJS2/2 ! a C 190
225 SJS2/5 a! C 330
300 SJS2/7 a! C 625
Square Saddles – Small

90º
• For pipes up to and including 300mm diameter
A
Dia (mm) A
100 SJS4/1 a C 100
150 SJS4/2 a! C 120
Square Saddles – Large

90º
• For pipes larger than 300mm diameter
A
Dia (mm) A
100 SJS5/1 a C 100
150 SJS5/2 ! a C 120
225 SJS5/5 a! C 210
300 SJS5/7 a! C 230

Products
Taper Pipe
Taper Pipe – Plain Ended

B C
Dia (mm) A B C
A
100-150 ST2/1 a C 250 100 150
150-225 ST3/2 ! a C 450 150 225
225-300 ST4/3 a! C 550 225 300
SuperSleve
Socket
Adaptor
B
Socket Adaptor
Dia (mm) A B
A
100 SA1/1 a C 370 310
150 SA1/2 ! a C 365 305
225 SA1/5 a! C 670 600
300 SA1/7 a! C 680 600
Traps
E
Low Back P-Trap – Plain Ended
92.5 Material: Vitrified clay

A Dia (mm) A B C
50 120
C 100 SG1/1 a C min min 100
50 120
D 150 SG1/2 a! C min min 150
D E
460 400
555 470
Gullies
A Inlet Gully
B • Trapped roddable gully
C
• Rotating top supplied complete with secure

polypropylene grating
E
D Material: Vitrified clay

Dia (mm) A B C
300 150 150
100 SDG3/1 a! C x195 x90 x150
D E
345 245
25
A Inlet Gully with Horizontal Back Inlet
B Material: Vitrified clay
C

E Dia (mm) A B C
300 150 150
D 100 SDG3/2 a! C x195 x90 x150
D E
345 245
A Grid and Vertical Back Inlet Insert Only

• Spare for use with the SDG3/1 and SDG3/2 gullies
B
C
Dia (mm) A B C
– SDG10 270 150 150
x170 x90 x150
A Hopper Complete with Grid and

C
B Vertical Back Inlet Insert

Dia (mm) A B C
– SDG2/6 300 150 150
x195 x90 x150
D
125
Cover Plate
• For use with the inlet and paved area gullies
A
Dia (mm) A
– SDG2/4 150x150
Metal Grid
• For use with the inlet and paved area gullies
A
Material: Metal
Dia (mm) A
– SDG2/5 150x150

Dip Tube Trap
Products
A
• Spare for use with the inlet and paved area gullies
Dia (mm) A B
135 SDC6 135 170
A Paved Area Gully
SuperSleve
B • Trapped roddable gully used to collect surface
water from hardstanding areas up 50m2
• Square top enables neat finish with block paving
D
C
Dia (mm) A B C
150 345
100 SDG2/1 a C 168 x150
D
245
A Paved Area Gully with

B
Horizontal Back Inlet
D
C
Dia (mm) A B C
150 345
100 SDG2/3 a C 168 x150
D
245
A Top Assembly Complete with

B Grid and Frame
C
Dia (mm) A B C
– SDG2/2 168 150 70
x150
27
A Square Gully
B • Trapped roddable gully
• Secure friction fit polypropylene grating
E • Grating has cut out options to take either waste water
D or rainwater pipes up to 68mm
C
• See page 36 for additional metal cover and grid options

Dia (mm) A B C
100 SG2/1 a C 188 159 255
D E
280 200
A Square Gully with Horizontal Back Inlet

B
E Material: Vitrified clay

C D
Dia (mm) A B C
100 SG2/2 a C 188 159 255
D E
280 200
Spare Polypropylene Grid

• Spare for use with the SG2/1 and SG2/2 gullies
A • See page 36 for metal grid options
Dia (mm) A
– SG2/5 159 x 159
Square Raising Piece

• For use with the SG2/1 and SG2/2 gullies and SH1
and SH2 hoppers
A
Dia (mm) A
150 x 150 RRS2/1 a 75
150 x 150 RRS2/2 ! a 150
150 x 150 RRS2/3 a! 225
150 x 150 RRS2/4 a! 300

A
Access Gully
Products
B B
• Trapped roddable gully
G
F • Can accept rainwater pipes up to 100mm square
D
C • See page 36 for additional metal cover and grid options

E
Dia (mm) A B C
305 105 290
100 SG3/1 a C x160 x105
D E F
315 270 125
SuperSleve
G
175
A Access Gully with Horizontal Back Inlet

B B
F
G
C D Material: Vitrified clay

Dia (mm) A B C
E
305 105 290
100 SG4/1 a C x160 x105
D E F
315 270 125
G
175
Spare Polypropylene Grid

• Spare for use with the SG3/1 and SG4/1 gullies
A and SH3/1 and SH3/2 hoppers
Dia (mm) A
– IG1P 120 x 120
Spare Polypropylene Bridge

A • Spare for use with the SG3/1 and SG4/1 gullies
and SH3/1 hopper
Dia (mm) A
– QB1 270 x 120
29
B Access Raising Piece
• For use with the SG3/1 and SG4/1 gullies and the
SH3/1 hopper

A
Dia (mm) A B
– SRP5 a 75 265x120
– SRP6 ! a 150 265x120
– SRP7 a! 225 265x120
– SRP8 a! 300 265x120
Hoppers
B B Rectangular Hopper

C
Dia (mm) A B C
A 305 105 215
100 SH3/1 a C x160 x105
410 155 205
150 SH3/2 a! C x210 x155
D
215
230
Spare Polypropylene Bridge

A • Spare for SH3/2 hopper
Dia (mm) A
– QB2 375x175
A Square Hopper

B C Dia (mm) A B C
135 245
100 SH1 a C x135 270

Square Hopper with Horizontal Inlet
Products
A
E D
C Material: Vitrified clay
B
Dia (mm) A B C
135 245
F
100 SH2 a C x135 270
D E F
110 185 140
Stoppers
SuperSleve
A Stopper
• 100 and 150mm stoppers fit over the end of the pipe
• 225 and 300mm stoppers push into a SuperSleve socket
Material: Polypropylene* / Vitrified clay†

Dia (mm) A
100 and 150mm stopper 100 SS1/1* 45
150 SS1/2* 55
225 SS3/4† 75
300 SS3/7 †
100
225 and 300mm stopper
A Testing Stopper
• The testing stopper has an integral nipple suitable
for a push fit connection to a hose
• Stoppers fit over the end of the pipe
Dia (mm) A
100 SS2/1 45
150 SS2/2 55
Rodding
Points
A Rodding Point
B • Air tight secure square top, fits neatly into block paving
• Complete with fitted coupling to connect directly
to SuperSleve
Dia (mm) A B
100 SRPS1/1 164x164 120x90
31
Oval Rodding Point
B A • The SRP2/1 incorporates a rubber seal making it airtight
45º
Material: Aluminium
Dia (mm) A B
100 SRP1/1 190x140 130
100 SRP2/1 190x140 130
150 SRP1/2 270x200 180
Drain
Connectors
A Internal Drain Connector to Waste Pipes
• For connecting 32mm up to 50mm waste pipe to
a 100mm plain ended SuperSleve pipe
C
Material: Polypropylene / rubber

Dia (mm) A B C
100 S/S460 32-40 90 60
100 S/S462 50 90 60
Internal Blanking Plug

• Pushes into a 100mm plain ended SuperSleve pipe
B
Material: Polypropylene / rubber

A
Dia (mm) A B
100 S/S89 90 65
A Internal Drain Connector

to Rainwater Pipes
C • For connecting 68mm round or 65mm square rainwater
pipes to a 100mm plain ended SuperSleve pipe
B Material: Polypropylene
Dia (mm) A B C
100 S/4A06B 68 Rd 92 53
100 S/4A06C 65 Sq 92 53
Internal Drain Connector to Soil Stack

• For connecting 110mm PVC-U soil stack to 100mm
SuperSleve pipe
C Material: Polypropylene / rubber

Dia (mm) A B C
B
100 S/S464 92 55 175
A

Products
Adaptors
SuperSleve Adaptor to HepSleve
A
• 100mm SuperSleve OD is 122mm and HepSleve is 132mm
• 150mm SuperSleve OD is 178mm and HepSleve is 188mm
A
Dia (mm) A
100 SA3/1 45
SuperSleve
150 SA3/2 55
A SuperSleve Adaptor to Soil/Drain Pipes

B
Dia (mm) A B C
C
100 SA9 106 55 45
150 SA10 157 55 55
A HepSleve Adaptor to Soil/Drain Pipes

• HepSleve is 132mm / 110mm soil/drain pipe
B
• HepSleve is 188mm / 160mm soil/drain pipe
C Material: Polypropylene
Dia (mm) A B C
100 VA9 106 55 45
150 VA10 157 55 55
A Rainwater Adaptor
• SA11 will accept round or square rainwater pipes
up to 76mm
B • SA11 fits over a 100mm SuperSleve pipe

• SA21 accepts pipes up to 100mm square
• SA21 pushes inside a 150mm SuperSleve pipe
Dia (mm) A B
100 SA11 45 80
150 SA21 75 100
A Adaptor to Cast Iron

• Adaptor to cast iron pipes manufactured to BS 437
Dia (mm) A
100 SA14/1 45
150 SA14/2 55
33
A Double Ended Spigot Adaptor
• For connecting SuperSleve pipes to OsmaDrain pipes
Dia (mm) A
100 SA15/1 65
150 SA15/2 80
Access Fittings
C
Access Pipe
B
Dia (mm) A B C
260 225
100 SPA1 a C x100 450
260 253
A
150 SPA2 a! C x100 505
45º Access Bend

A
Dia (mm) A B R
R
260 250
B
45º
100 SBA1 a C x100 600
260 270
150 SBA2 a! C x100 650
D
45º Single Oblique Access
Junction – Left Hand
C
45º
Dia (mm) A B
100x100 SJA1L a C 260x100 450
A
150x100 SJA2L ! a C 260x100 505
B
150x150 SJA3L a! C 260x100 505
C D
240 280
300 320
320 320
D
45º Single Oblique Access
Junction – Right Hand
C
45º
Dia (mm) A B
100x100 SJA1R a C 260x100 450
A
150x100 SJA2R ! a C 260x100 505
B
150x150 SJA3R a! C 260x100 505
C D
240 280
300 320
320 320

Access Raising Piece
Products
B
• For use with access pipe, bends and junctions to adjust
the height

Dia (mm) A B
– SRP1 75 260x100
– SRP2 150 260x100
– SRP3 225 260x100
– SRP4 300 260x100
SuperSleve
A Alloy Lid and Frame
• For use with access pipe, bends and junctions
Material: Aluminium
Dia (mm) A
– IS0 300x150
35
SuperSleve Gratings
and Cover Plates
Product Details
Gratings and
Cover Plates
Grids, Gratings and Cover Plates for use with SuperSleve Gullies and Hoppers
Gully Size Grid/Frame Cat No Suitable for Gully Types
Grating
(mm) Size (mm) Alloy Cast Iron SH1 SH2 SH3/1 SG2/1 SG2/2 SG3/1 SG4/1
100 120 IG1 IG1C – – 3 – – 3 3
Square Grid
150 150 IG2 IG2C 3 3 – 3 3 – –
Rectangular
– 265 x 120 IG5 – – – 3 – – 3 3
Grid
Hinged 100 120 IH1 – – – – –
3 3 3
Grating and
Frame –
square 150 150 IH2 IH2C 3 3 – 3 3 – –
Cover Plate – 120 IS1 IS1C – – 3 – – 3 3

and Frame
– square – 150 IS2 IS2C 3 3 – 3 3 – –
A Gully Grid – Square

B
• For use in pedestrian areas only
Material: Aluminium
Cat No. Dimensions (mm)
A B
IG1 120 x 120 8
IG2 150 x 150 8
IG3 229 x 229 10
IG4 325 x 325 13
A Gully Grid – Square

B
Material: Cast Iron

A B
IG1C 120 x 120 13
IG2C 150 x 150 15
IG3C 229 x 229 15
IG4C 323 x 323 15

Gully Grid – Square
Products
A
B
Material: Galvanised
A B
IG2G 150 x 150 13
IG3G 229 x 229 15
A Gully Grid – Rectangular
SuperSleve Gratings and Cover Plates

B • For use in pedestrian areas only
Material: Aluminium
A B
IG5 265 x 120 8
A Gully Grid – Round

B
Material: Aluminium
A B
IG6 140 8
IG7 202 12
IG8 284 12
A Gully Grid – Round

B
Material: Cast Iron

A B
IG6C 138 10
IG7C 202 10
IG8C 284 10
A Dish Grid – Round

B
Material: Aluminium (1G11) / Cast Iron (1G11C)

A B
IG11 175 10
IG11C 175 10
37
A Hinged Grating and Frames – Square
B
Material: Aluminium
A B
IH1 120 x 120 25
IH2 150 x 150 25
IH3 229 x 229 25
IH4 325 x 325 27
A Hinged Grating and Frames – Square

B
Material: Cast Iron

A B
IH2C 146 x 146 25
IH3C 229 x 229 25
IH4C 308 x 308 38
A
Hinged Grating and Frames – Round
B
Material: Aluminium
A B
IH6 193 23
A
Hinged Grating and Frames – Round
B
Material: Cast Iron

A B
IH7C 265 35
IH8C 368 35
A Cover Plate and Frame – Square

B
Material: Aluminium
A B
IS1 120 x 120 23
IS2 150 x 150 23
IS3 227 x 227 23

A Cover Plate and Frame – Square
Products
B
Material: Cast Iron

A B
IS1C 120 x 120 25
IS2C 150 x 150 25
IS3C 229 x 229 25
Cover Plate and Frame – Round
SuperSleve Gratings and Cover Plates

A

B
Material: Aluminium
A B
IS5 147 23
IS6 192 23
IS7 290 28
A
Cover Plate and Frame – Round
B
Material: Cast Iron

A B
IS6C 195 23
IS7C 273 28
39
Channels
Product Details
Direction of Flow Flow Flow
• Direction of flow is from the socket towards the spigot

• Important note: Handing of socketed channel bends
and junctions is viewed against the direction of flow LEFT HAND RIGHT HAND
Flow Flow
LEFT HAND RIGHT HAND
Pipe
Plain Ended
A
Channel Pipe
B
Nominal Cat No. Dimensions (mm)
Dia (mm) A B
100 CPP1/1 300 11
100 CPP2/1 600 11
100 CPP3/1 1000 11
150 CPP1/2 300 14
150 CPP2/2 600 14
150 CPP3/2 1000 14
225 CPP3/3 1000 23
300 CPP3/4 1000 36
400 CPP3/5 1000 46
450 CPP3/6 1000 46
Bends
Plain Ended
90º Bend
A R Dia (mm) A R
90º 100 CBP1/1 195 150
150 CBP1/2 285 230
225 VCB1/3 335 235
300 VCB1/4 470 320

45º Bend
Products
Dia (mm) A R
R
A
45º
100 CBP2/1 107 150
150 CBP2/2 150 230
225 VCB2/3 195 477
300 VCB2/4 286 682
30º Bend
Channels
R
A 30º
Dia (mm) A R
100 CBP3/1 95 150
150 CBP3/2 117 230
225 VCB3/3 160 608
300 VCB3/4 230 880
15º Bend
R Nominal Cat No. Dimensions (mm)

15º
A
Dia (mm) A R
100 CBP4/1 90 150
150 CBP4/2 100 230
225 VCB4/3 130 995
300 VCB4/4 195 1459
Junctions
Plain Ended
B 45º Oblique Junction – Left Hand

C
45º Nominal Cat No. Dimensions (mm)
Dia (mm) A B C
100x100 CJP1/1L 405 235 225
150x100 CJP1/2L 405 300 300
A 150x150 CJP1/3L 485 330 340
B
45º Oblique Junction – Right Hand
C
45º
Dia (mm) A B C
100x100 CJP1/1R 405 235 225
150x100 CJP1/2R 405 300 300
A 150x150 CJP1/3R 485 330 340
41
B
90º Curved Square Junction
– Left Hand
C
Dia (mm) A B C
100x100 CJP2/1L 400 180 185
A 150x100 CJP2/2L 400 180 205
150x150 CJP2/3L 450 180 205
B
90º Curved Square Junction
– Right Hand
C
Dia (mm) A B C
100x100 CJP2/1R 400 180 185
A 150x100 CJP2/2R 400 180 205

150x150 CJP2/3R 450 180 205
Fittings
Plain Ended
A Enlarger
• Concentric enlarger

Dia (mm) A
100x150 CTP1/1 260
225x300 VCTP4/3 550
300x400 CTP1/4 600
Pipe
Socketed
B A
Channel Pipe
Dia (mm) A B C
100 CP1/1 300 16 60
C
100 CP2/1 600 16 60
100 CP3/1 1000 16 60
150 CP1/2 300 21 60
150 CP2/2 600 21 60
150 CP3/2 1000 21 60
225 CP1/3 300 23 70
225 CP2/3 600 23 70
225 CP3/3 1000 23 70
300 CP1/4 300 36 78
300 CP2/4 600 36 78
300 CP3/4 1000 36 78

Products
Fittings
Socketed
A Enlarger
• Concentric enlarger
B
Dia (mm) A B
Channels
100x150 CT2/1 300 100
150x225 CT2/2 450 150
225x300 CT2/3 600 225
A
Reducer
• Concentric reducer
B
Dia (mm) A B
150x100 CT1/1 300 100
225x150 CT1/2 450 150
300x225 CT1/3 600 225
Bends
Socketed
90º Bend
• To specify left or right hand, add L or R to the end of the
Cat No.
A R Material: Vitrified clay

90º
Dia (mm) A R
100 CB1/1 195 150
150 CB1/2 285 230
225 CB1/3 335 235
300 CB1/4 470 320
45º Bend
Cat No.

R
A
45º Dia (mm) A R
100 CB2/1 140 340
150 CB2/2 160 380
225 CB2/3 220 535
300 CB2/4 250 600
43
30º Bend
Cat No.
R Material: Vitrified clay

30º
A Nominal Cat No. Dimensions (mm)
Dia (mm) A R
100 CB3/1 135 500
150 CB3/2 135 500
225 CB3/3 210 785
300 CB3/4 240 900
15º Bend
Cat No.
R 15º Material: Vitrified clay
A Nominal Cat No. Dimensions (mm)

Dia (mm) A R
100 CB4/1 120 900
150 CB4/2 130 1000
225 CB4/3 210 1600
300 CB4/4 300 1730
A 45º Enlarger Bend

Cat No.

45º Dia (mm) A
100x150 CBT2/1 100
150x225 CBT2/2 150
225x300 CBT2/3 225
45º Reducer Bend

Cat No.
45º Nominal Cat No. Dimensions (mm)

Dia (mm) A
A 225x150 CBT1/2 1000

Products
Junctions
Socketed
A
C 90º Square Junction
90º • To specify left or right hand, add L or R to the end of the
Cat No.
D
B
Dia (mm) A B C D
Channels
100x100 CJ2/1 100 300 100 100
150x100 CJ2/2 100 300 90 125
150x150 CJ2/3 150 455 180 195
225x100 CJ2/4 100 455 150 165
225x150 CJ2/5 150 455 180 260
225x225 CJ2/6 225 495 230 230
300x150 CJ2/8 150 505 180 250
300x225 CJ2/9 225 610 250 250
300x300 CJ2/10 300 610 300 250
A
45º/55º Oblique Junction
D • To specify left or right hand, add L or R to the end of the
45º/55º
Cat No.

C Nominal Cat No. Deg Dimensions (mm)
B Dia (mm) (º) A B C D
100x100 CJ1/1 45 100 300 100 100
150x100 CJ1/2 45 100 300 250 190
150x150 CJ1/3 45 150 455 290 280
225x100 CJ1/4 55 100 455 285 290
225x150 CJ1/5 55 150 455 310 320
225x225 CJ1/6 55 225 530 365 335
300x150 CJ1/8 55 150 455 370 370
300x225 CJ1/9 55 225 610 420 400
300x300 CJ1/10 55 300 710 480 450
45˚/55º 45º/55º Double Oblique Junction

A Nominal Cat No. Deg Dimensions (mm)
C Dia (mm) (º) A B C D
B
100x100 CJ3/1 45 100 300 230 190
D
150x100 CJ3/2 45 100 300 250 240
150x150 CJ3/3 45 150 455 345 325
225x150 CJ3/5 55 150 455 295 320
225x225 CJ3/6 55 225 525 370 340
300x150 CJ3/8 55 150 450 370 380
300x225 CJ3/9 55 225 600 420 420
45
D 90º Double Square Junction
90º
C
Dia (mm) A B C D
A
100x100 CJ4/1 100 300 100 100
B
150x100 CJ4/2 100 300 120 165
150x150 CJ4/3 150 455 260 200
225x150 CJ4/5 150 455 180 230
225x225 CJ4/6 225 530 210 230
300x150 CJ4/8 150 455 225 265
45º 45º 45º Breeches Oblique Junction

A
Dia (mm) A B C
100x100 CJ5/1 100 150 90
C 150x100 CJ5/2 100 240 115
B
150x150 CJ5/3 150 250 180
225x150 CJ5/5 150 440 180
225x225 CJ5/6 225 355 210
300x225 CJ5/9 225 335 260
300x300 CJ5/10 300 320 280
C 90º Breeches Curved Square Junction

• CJ6/6 and CJ6/10 are square junctions
A
B
Dia (mm) A B C
100x100 CJ6/1 100 270 130
150x100 CJ6/2 100 320 120
150x150 CJ6/3 150 385 205
225x150 CJ6/5 150 585 230
225x225 CJ6/6 225 420 260
300x300 CJ6/10 300 600 330
Branch
½ Section
A 10º Bend
Cat No.

Dia (mm) A
100 CX1/1 250
150 CX2/1 280
See page 133 for branch channel selector

30º Bend
Products
A
Cat No.

Dia (mm) A
100 CX1/2 250
150 CX2/2 280
A 50º Bend
Channels
Cat No.

Dia (mm) A
100 CX1/3 250
150 CX2/3 280
A 70º Bend
Cat No.

Dia (mm) A
100 CX1/4 250
150 CX2/4 280
A 90º Bend
Cat No.

Dia (mm) A
100 CX1/5 250
150 CX2/5 280
A 115º Bend
Cat No.

Dia (mm) A
100 CX1/6 250
150 CX2/5 280
47
A 140º Bend
Cat No.

Dia (mm) A
100 CX1/7 250
150 CX2/7 280
A 165º Bend
Cat No.

Dia (mm) A
100 CX1/8 225
150 CX2/8 280
Branch
¾ Section
A 10º Bend
Cat No.

Dia (mm) A
100 CX1A 225
150 CX2A 280
A 30º Bend
Cat No.

Dia (mm) A
100 CX1B 250
150 CX2B 280
A 50º Bend
Cat No.

Dia (mm) A
100 CX1C 225
150 CX2C 280

A 70º Bend
Products
Cat No.

Dia (mm) A
100 CX1D 225
150 CX2D 280
A 90º Bend
Channels
Cat No.

Dia (mm) A
100 CX1E 225
150 CX2E 280
A 115º Bend
Cat No.

Dia (mm) A
100 CX1F 225
150 CX2F 280
A 140º Bend
Cat No.

Dia (mm) A
100 CX1G 225
150 CX2G 280
A 165º Bend
Cat No.

Dia (mm) A
100 CX1H 225
150 CX2H 280
49
Yard / Road Gullies
Product Details
Yard Gullies
B
A
Yard Gully Complete with
A15 Grating and Frame
C
• All yard gullies are trapped and roddable
E
• Grating is hinged and secured with two screws
D • A15 grating and frame suitable for pedestrian and

domestic areas
• Add B to the end of the Cat No. to specify a horizontal
back inlet of the same diameter and set at the same
height as the outlet

Dia (mm) A B C
100 RGP5 a C 225 290 75
150 RGP7 a! C 225 290 75
D E
620 250
620 300
B
A
Yard Gully Complete with
B125 Grating and Frame
C
• Grating is hinged and secured with two screws
E
• B125 grating and frame suitable for pedestrian areas
and car parks restricted to private cars
D
• Add B to the end of the Cat No. to specify a horizontal
back inlet of the same diameter and set at the same
height as the outlet

Dia (mm) A B C
100 RGP6 a C 225 290 75
150 RGP8 a! C 225 290 75
D E
620 250
620 300

Products
Yard Gully
Extras
A Raising Piece
Dia (mm) A B
B
225 SP030/5 a C 225 300
225 SP060/5 a! C 225 600
Yard / Road Gullies

Coupling
A • Used to connect the raising piece to the gully
Dia (mm) A
225 SC1/5 a! C 75
A Combined Filter and Silt Bucket

• For use with all yard gullies
Material: Plastic
Dia (mm) A B
B – IBP3 205 400
A Yard Gully
E Nominal Cat No. Certs. Dimensions (mm)

Dia (mm) A B C
B
100 RGP1 a C 225 575 210
150 RGP2 a! C 225 575 270
51
Grating and Frame
• RGP3 – Loading Class A15 Grating and Frame
• RGP4 – Loading Class B125 Grating and Frame
Material: Ductile iron / Polypropylene

Nominal Cat No.
Dia (mm)
– RGP3
– RGP4
Spare Stopper
Material: EPDM
Nominal Cat No.
Dia (mm)
100 RSG2
Road Gullies
Clay Road Gully
93.5º A • All road gullies are trapped and roddable
C Material: Vitrified clay

B Dia (mm) A B C
100 RGR1 a C 300 600 200
150 RGR2 ! a C 300 600 250
150 RGR3 a! C 400 750 250
150 RGR4 a! C 450 900 250
Spare Stopper
Nominal Cat No.
Dia (mm)
100 RSG1
Plastic Road Gully

95º • Trapped and roddable gully
A
• Outlet gives direct connection to a 150mm SuperSleve
coupling
C
Dia (mm) A B C
150 MGP2/2 375 750 250

Products
Grease Traps
F Universal Grease Trap
• Supplied complete, including filter basket, spatula,
C cover and frame and 100/110mm conversion adaptors
AxB
E Nominal Cat No. Certs. Dimensions (mm)
Dia (mm) A B C
D
100/110 RGU1 a! C 600 450 790
Yard / Road Gullies

D E F
565 185 25
Spare Cover and Frame

Material: Galvanized steel
Nominal Cat No.
Dia (mm)
– IGUC1
Spare Filter Basket and Spatula

Material: Metal
Nominal Cat No.
Dia (mm)
– RGUFB
53
Unjointed
Product Details
Pipes
C
Socketed Pipe
B • Traditional system of spigot and socket pipe
for cement mortar jointing

A Dia (mm) A B C
100 RP1 a 1000 15 50
150 RP100/2 ! a 1000 21 55
225 RP100/3 a! 1000 23 65
300 RP100/4 a! 1000 36 75
Fittings
Square Raising Piece
• 150mm raising pieces are for use with SG2/1 SG2/2
gullies and SH1 and SH2 hoppers

Dia (mm) A
150x150 RRS2/1 a 75
150x150 RRS2/2 ! a 150
150x150 RRS2/3 a! 225
150x150 RRS2/4 a! 300
225x225 RRS3/1 a! 75
225x225 RRS3/2 a! 150
A Dish Top
B
Dia (mm) A B
100 RDR2 a 250x250 145
150 RDR3 a! 300x300 145

Interceptor – Winsor
Products
A
• Due to manufacturing processes, all dimensions

on interceptors have wide tolerances
B
• 225mm interceptors are manufactured segmentally
from straight pipe
C
D • Complete with stopper
• For use on the downstream side of a manhole

Dia (mm) A B
a
Unjointed
100 RI1/1 620 525
150 RI1/2 ! a 760 540
225 RI1/3 a! 1060 750
C D
255 200
255 200
300 285
A
Interceptor – Kenon
• Complete with stopper
B • For use on the downstream side of a manhole
C D
Dia (mm) A B
100 RI2/1 a 650 575
150 RI2/2 a! 760 756
C D
250 215
347 288
A
Interceptor – Reverse Action
• Complete with stopper
B
C • For use on the upstream side of a manhole

D

Dia (mm) A B
100 RI3/1 a 645 490
150 RI3/2 a! 840 630
C D
245 210
335 270
55
HepLine
Product Details
Pipes
A
Perforated – Plain Ended
B
• 100 and 150mm HepLine pipes are jointed with
standard couplings from the SuperSleve range
• Stoppers and fittings for all HepLine pipe sizes
are available from the SuperSleve range

Dia (mm) A B
100 LP1 a C 1600 11
150 LP2 a! C 1750 14
A
Perforated – Socketed
B
• Stoppers and fittings for all HepLine pipe sizes
are available from the SuperSleve range

Dia (mm) A B
225 LP175/3 a C 1750 19
300 LP200/4 a! C 2000 29
HepLine Data
Area of Area of
Nominal Dia. Length of Rows of Holes per Nominal Hole
Cat No. Perforations Perforations
(mm) Pipe (mm) Holes Row Dia. (mm)
(mm2/pipe) (mm2/m)
LP1 100 1600 2 15 8 1508 943
LP2 150 1750 4 15 8 3016 1724
LP175/3 225 1750 4 16 8 3217 1839
LP200/4 300 2000 6 23 8 6938 3469

Accessories
Products
Product Details
Clayware
Accessories
Accessories
Pipe Cutter – Lever
• MPC1 cuts 100mm SuperSleve
• MPC2 cuts 100 and 150mm SuperSleve
Material: Metal
Nominal Cat No.
Dia (mm)
100 MPC1
100 & 150 MPC2
Pipe Trimmer
• For use with 100 and 150mm SuperSleve pipe
Material: Metal
Nominal Cat No.
Dia (mm)
100 & 150 MPT1
Lever Locking Stopper

• Cement mortar jointed into a socket adaptor.
SA1/1 for 100mm, SA1/2 for 150mm
Material: Metal
A
Dia (mm) A
100 IL1 140
150 IL2 190
Lubricant
• Lubricant is specified as non-hazardous and should be
handled according to good industrial hygiene practice
• SL1C is a high performance lubricant recommended
for nitrile seals, cold and/or wet weather
Nominal Cat No.

Dia (mm)
1 kilo SL1
2.5 kilo SL2
1 kilo SL1C
57
Inspection Chambers
Product Summary
Introduction – Mini Access

Chamber (MAC)
Description
300mm diameter polypropylene inspection chamber

for private drainage applications.
• Complete unit including base unit, 2 raising pieces

and cover and frame
• Raising piece may be cut to length to achieve required
invert depth
Applications
• For above ground access and maintenance inspection

of buried pipework up to 0.6 metres deep
• Loading class A15 (15kN). Suitable for use in pedestrian
areas
Key Dimensions
• Internal diameter: 300mm

• Inlets/outlets: 100mm
Key Features & Benefits
• Fast, easy installation: no wet trades

• Lightweight: no lifting equipment required
• Raising piece can be cut to required length
• The main channel invert level is 50mm below
the side branch invert level
Compliance
Building Regulations – Section H1:

Shallow only, to maximum depth 0.6m.

Mini Access Chamber (MAC)
Products
Product Details
Access
Chambers
Inspection Chambers – MAC

B
Mini Access Chamber – MAC
A
• 300mm diameter chamber, supplied with 2 inlet stoppers
• 600mm deep, with 100mm straight through main
channel and 2 x 45˚ branch inlets
• Complete unit including base unit, two raising pieces
C
with cover and frame
• The main channel invert level is 50mm below the side
branch invert level
• Conversion adaptors to 110mm plastic pipe supplied
D
Dia (mm) A B C
E
100 SDAC1/1 300 346 600
D E F
510 405 100
F
A
Cover and Frame – Airtight
B • Cover is secured with four screws and incorporates
an airtight seal making it suitable for use indoors
C
areas
Dia (mm) A B C
– SDC3 300 346 85
A Raising Piece
• Raising piece with rubber sealing ring
B • Effective height 150mm
• Final shaft section can be cut to length
Dia (mm) A B
300 SDC4 300 150
59
A
Base Unit
B
channel and 2 x 45˚ branch inlets
branch invert level
• Conversion adaptors to 110mm plastic pipe and 2no.
inlet stoppers supplied
Dia (mm) A B
300 SDC5 300 215
Spare Screws for Cover and Frame

• For use with SDC3 cover and frame
Material: Aluminium
Nominal Cat No.
Dia (mm)
– SKW1

Inspection Chambers
Products
Product Summary
Introduction – Polypropylene Key Features & Benefits
Inspection Chamber (PPIC) • Fast, easy installation: no wet trades

Inspection Chambers – PPIC

Description • Chamber depth can be increased (up to a maximum
depth of 1.2m) using additional raising piece and
475mm diameter polypropylene inspection chamber sealing ring
for private drainage applications. • Raising piece can be cut to required length
Available in three depths: • For the 100mm base the main channel invert level is 50mm
below the side branch invert level
–– 595mm and 940mm deep chambers with 100mm straight
through main channel with 2 x 100mm branches at 90˚ and • For the 150mm base the main channel invert level is 75mm
2 x 100mm branches at 45˚ below the side branch invert level
–– 1030mm deep chamber with 150mm straight through
main channel with 2 x 150mm branches at 90˚ and
2 x 100mm branches at 45˚ Compliance
Raising piece may be cut to length to achieve the required
invert depth. Building Regulations – Section H1: Shallow only,
to maximum depth 1.2m.
Applications

of buried pipework up to 1.2 metres deep
areas. (Tested at 35kN test load)
• Loading class B125 (125kN). Suitable for use in car parks
restricted to private cars
Key Dimensions
• Height of chamber:
–– 595mm and 940mm (for 100mm system)
–– 1030mm (for 150mm system)
• Internal diameter: 475mm
• Additional raising piece height: 175mm
• Maximum installation depth 1.2 metres
61
Polypropylene Inspection
Chamber (PPIC)
Product Details
Inspection
Chambers
B 100/110 Polypropylene Inspection
Chamber – PPIC
A
channel with 2 x 90˚ and 2 x 45˚ branch inlets
branch invert level
C
D Dia (mm) A B C
100 SPIC2/1 595 475 582
D E
582 100
E
B
100/110 Polypropylene Inspection
Chamber – PPIC
A
branch invert level
C Nominal Cat No. Dimensions (mm)
Dia (mm) A B C
100 SPIC1/1 940 475 582
D D E
582 100

B
Mixed Base Polypropylene Inspection
Products
Chamber – PPIC
channel with 2 x 150mm 90˚ branches and 2 x 100mm
45˚ branches
A
branch invert level
• Conversion adaptors to 110mm and 160mm plastic
pipe supplied

C

Dia (mm) A B C
100/150 SPIC1/2 1030 475 610
D
D E
610 150
A PPIC Base
B • 210mm deep, with 100mm straight through main
branch invert level
Dia (mm) A B
100 SPIC6/1 475 210
A Mixed PPIC Base

B • 300mm deep, with 150mm straight through main

channel with 2 x 150mm 90˚ branches and 2 x 100mm
45˚ branches
branch invert level
• Conversion adaptors to 110mm and 160mm plastic
pipe supplied
Dia (mm) A B
100/150 SPIC6/2 475 300
63
A Raising Piece
• For use with all polypropylene inspection chambers
B
and PPIC bases
• Effective height 175mm
• Final shaft section can be cut to length
Dia (mm) A B
475 SPIC4 475 175
A Sealing Ring for Raising Piece

• For use with SPIC4 raising piece
Material: Rubber
Dia (mm) A
475 SPIC5 475
B
Round Ductile Iron Cover
A
and Plastic Frame
C • Includes security clips to secure the frame
to the chamber
• Loading class A15 (15kN). Tested at 35kN test load
Material: Ductile Iron

Dia (mm) A B C
– SPK8 440 535 35
B Round Ductile Iron Cover

A
and Plastic Frame
to the chamber
• Loading class B125 (125kN)

Dia (mm) A B C
– SPK9 440 535 35
B Round Composite Cover

A
and Plastic Frame
to the chamber
Material: Composite
Dia (mm) A B C
– SPK10 440 535 35

Square Ductile Iron Cover
Products
B
A
and Frame – Airtight
C
• Includes security clips to secure the frame to the chamber
• Cover is secured with four screws and incorporates
an airtight seal making it suitable for use indoors

Dia (mm) A B C
– SPKS8 440 525x525 25

A Inlet Adaptor
• 150mm to 100mm SuperSleve reducer
Dia (mm) A
150/100 SPIC7 55
Extra Stopper
• For use with all 100mm base inlets
Nominal Cat No.
Dia (mm)
100 UGS
Extra Stopper
• For use with all 150mm base inlets
Nominal Cat No.
Dia (mm)
150 UYS
Extra Conversion Adaptor

• Used to convert 100mm SuperSleve inlet to 110mm plastic
Nominal Cat No.
Dia (mm)
100 M09H BL
65
Extra Conversion Adaptor
• Used to convert 150mm SuperSleve inlet to 160mm plastic
Nominal Cat No.
Dia (mm)
150 M09J BL
Spare Security Clips for SPK8 & SPK9

• Used to secure the frame to the chamber
Material: Steel
Nominal Cat No.
Dia (mm)
– SPK8+9CLIP
Spare Frame for SPK8, SPK9 & SPK10

Nominal Cat No.
Dia (mm)
– UCIF
Spare Screws for SPKS8

Material: Aluminium
Nominal Cat No.
Dia (mm)
– SKW3

Inspection Chambers
Products
Product Summary
Introduction – Range 450 Compliance
Range 450 chambers comply with the following standards

Description and regulations.
Inspection Chambers – Range 450

• BS EN 13598-2 a
450mm diameter polypropylene inspection chamber for
adoptable and private drainage applications. Compliant • Design for Construction Guidance – Type D: (Non-entry).
with Ofwat’s Code for Adoptable Sewers – Appendix C, Maximum depth from cover level to soffit of pipe: 3m
Design Construction Guidance.
• Building Regulations – Section H1
• Choice of eight bases for equal and unequal pipe
connections
• Dedicated bases for use directly with 100/150mm
clay pipework
• 450mm diameter shaft may be cut to length to achieve
required invert up to maximum 3 metres
• Restriction access cap to be used when installing deeper
than 1m in adoptable or 1.2m in private drainage
Applications

of buried pipework up to 3 metres deep
areas
restricted to private cars*
• Loading class D400 (400kN). Suitable for use in areas where
cars and lorries have access*
*With cover & frame supported by concrete plinth
NOTE: Concrete plinth not required for non-loaded applications such

as domestic gardens
Key Dimensions
• External shaft diameter: 515mm

• Shaft length: 3m
• Maximum installation depth: 3m
• Full range of dedicated bases, ensure that smooth flow

can be achieved
• Quick & easy to install, with a sculptured neck on the
base, which allows the shaft to be fitted with little effort
• Lightweight polypropylene chamber bases, no lifting
equipment required
• 3m shaft can be cut to required length
67
Range 450 Inspection
Chamber
Product Details
B
Range 450 bases for useEwith 100mm SuperSleve pipe – supplied with a base to
Bases shaft sealing ring.
D
Equal Inspection Chamber Base
• 450mm diameter base incorporating straight
through channel
C A Nominal Cat No. Certs. Dimensions (mm)
Dia (mm) A B C
100 44NE310 a 614 570 500
D E
B
100 501
D Equal Inspection Chamber Base

through channel with 1 x 90˚ and 1 x 45˚ left hand
C A branch inlets
• Supplied with 1 x 100mm inlet stopper
C A
• Step height for side connection = 50mm
B Dia (mm) A B C
100 44NE314 a 614 570 500
D E
E 100 501
C A

E
D
Products
through channel with 1 x 90˚ and 1 x 45˚ right hand
branch inlets
C A
B Dia (mm) A B C
100 44NE315 a 614 570 500
D E

B
E 100 501
D
through channel with 2 x 90˚ and 2 x 45˚ left /
C A right hand branch inlets
C A • Supplied with 3 x 100mm inlet stopper

B
Dia (mm) A B C
100 44NE316 a 614 570 500
D E
E
100 501
B
D
Range 450 bases for useEwith 150mm SuperSleve pipe – supplied with a base to
Bases shaft sealing ring.
C A
D Equal Inspection Chamber Base

through channel
C A Nominal Cat No. Certs. Dimensions (mm)
Dia (mm) A B C
150 46NE310 a 644 570 500
D E
150 501
B
C A
69
E
D
Unequal Inspection Chamber Base
• 450mm diameter base incorporating 150mm straight
through channel with 1 x 150mm 90˚ and 1 x 100mm
45˚ left hand branch inlets
C A
• Step height for 100mm side connection = 50mm
Dia (mm) A B C
B 150 46NE317 a 644 570 500
E D E
150 501
E
D Unequal Inspection Chamber Base

C A 45˚ right hand branch inlets
C A
Dia (mm) A B C
B
150 46NE318 a 644 570 500
E D E
150 501
E
D
Unequal Inspection Chamber Base
C A 45˚ left / right hand branch inlets
C A • Supplied with 1 x 150mm and 2 x 100mm inlet stopper

B
Dia (mm) A B C
E
150 46NE319 a 644 570 500
D E
150 501
C A

Products
Shaft
A Inspection Chamber Shaft
• 450mm dia. plain-ended corrugated shaft
• Length: 3 metres
• Can be cut to length to achieve required invert depth
• For use with all Range 450 bases
B

Dia (mm) A B
450 40NE300 515 3000*
*Dimension B = effective height
Cap
A Restriction Access Cap
• For use with 40NE300 shaft
B • Restricts access to 350mm diameter
• Supplied with one 450mm sealing ring
Dia (mm) A B
450 40NE930 577 265
Spares
A Chamber Base to Shaft Seal
• 450mm diameter for use with 40NE300 – at foot of shaft
Material: EPDM
Dia (mm) A
– 450TW117 450
Connection
Kits
Backdrop Connector Kit – 100mm
• For connecting 100mm SuperSleve pipe to Range
450 and Range 600 shaft sections where a backdrop
connection is required
• Use the following component, along with the SA15/1
adaptor
Material: PVC-U
Nominal Cat No.
Dia (mm)
110 NE950
71
• For connecting 150mm SuperSleve pipe to Range 450
and Range 600 IC shaft sections where a backdrop
adaptor
Material: PVC-U
Nominal Cat No.
Dia (mm)
160 NE960

Inspection Chambers
Products
Product Summary
Introduction – Range 600 Compliance
Range 600 chambers comply with the following standards

Description and regulations

• BS EN 13598-2 a
600mm diameter polypropylene inspection chamber for
adoptable and private drainage applications. Compliant • Design for Construction Guidance – Type D: (Non-entry).
with Ofwat’s Code for Adoptable Sewers – Appendix C, Maximum depth from cover level to soffit of pipe: 3m
Design Construction Guidance.
• Building Regulations – Section H1
• Choice of twelve bases for equal pipe connections
• For use with 150mm, 225mm and 300mm Hepworth
SuperSleve pipework via the appropriate adaptor
• 600mm diameter shaft may be cut to length to achieve
required invert down to a maximum of 3m
• Restriction access cap to be used when installing deeper
than 1m in adoptable or 1.2m in private drainage
Applications

of buried pipework down to 3 metres deep
areas
restricted to private cars*
• Loading class D400 (400kN). Suitable for use in areas where
cars and lorries have access*
*With cover & frame supported by concrete plinth
Key Dimensions
• Invert depth of base:

–– 646mm [for 150mm system]
–– 705mm [for 225mm and 300mm systems]
• External shaft diameter: 683mm
• Shaft length: 3m
• Maximum installation depth: 3m
• Fast, easy installation: no wet trades

• Reinforced base plate to withstand groundwater pressure
• Shaft can be cut to required length
• All inlets and outlet sockets allow ≤7.5˚ movement
in all directions
73
Range 600 Inspection D
Chamber E
Product Details
B
Bases All Range 600 bases are supplied with a base-to shaft sealing ring.

through channel
A • To connect 150mm, 225mm and 300mm SuperSleve

use adaptors TA/2 (with 150 base), TA/4 (with 225 base)
and TA/7 (with 300 base)
D
Dia (mm) A B C
D 150 66NE300 a 845 720 150
E
225 69NE300 a 845 720 225
300 612NE300 a 845 720 300
E D E
750 646
B 750 705
750 705
B

• 600mm diameter base incorporating a 90˚ bend
• To connect 150mm, 225mm and 300mm SuperSleve
A use adaptors TA/2 (with 150 base), TA/4 (with 225 base)
A and TA/7 (with 300 base)
CC Dia (mm) A B C
D
150 66NE314 a 798 720 150
225 69NE314 a 798 720 225
300 612NE314 a 798 720 300
D E
E 750 646
750 705
750 705

Products
• 600mm diameter base incorporating a 30˚ bend
• To connect 150mm, 225mm and 300mm SuperSleve
use adaptors TA/2 (with 150 base), TA/4 (with 225 base)
A
D
C Dia (mm) A B C
D
150 66NE315 a 845 720 150
225 69NE315 a 845 720 225
300 612NE315 a 845 720 300

E D E
E 750 646
750 705
750 705
B

• 600mm diameter base incorporating straight through
channel and 2 x 90˚ equal branch inlets
A • To connect 150mm, 225mm and 300mm SuperSleve

A use adaptors TA/2 (with 150 base), TA/4 (with 225 base)
C
C Material: Polypropylene
D
Dia (mm) A B C
150 66NE316 a 845 720 150
E
225 69NE316 a 845 720 225
300 612NE316 a 845 720 300
D E
750 646
B 750 705
750 705
Shaft
A P/E Inspection Chamber Shaft
A • 600mm dia. plain-ended corrugated shaft
• Length: 3 metres
• Can be cut to length to achieve required invert depth
C • For use with all Range 600 bases
B Material: Polypropylene
Dia (mm) A B
600 60NE003 683 3000*
*Dimension B = effective height
75
Cap
A Restriction Access Cap
• For use with 60NE300 shaft
• Restricts access to 350mm diameter
B
• Supplied with one 600mm sealing ring
Dia (mm) A B
600 60NE930 704 270
Spares
A Chamber Base to Shaft Seal
• 600mm diameter for use with 60NE003 – at foot of shaft
Material: EPDM
Dia (mm) A
– 600TW117 600
Adaptors
Adaptors to SuperSleve
• For connecting SuperSleve to Range 600 inspection
chamber bases
Material: Polypropylene/PVC-U
Nominal Cat No.
Dia (mm)
150 TA/2
225 TA/4
300 TA/7
Connection Kits
• For connecting 100mm SuperSleve pipe to Range
450 and Range 600 shaft sections where a backdrop
adaptor
Material: PVC-U
Nominal Cat No.
Dia (mm)
110 NE950

Products
• For connecting 150mm SuperSleve pipe to Range 450
and Range 600 IC shaft sections where a backdrop
adaptor
Material: PVC-U
Nominal Cat No.
Dia (mm)
160 NE960
77
Design

Design: Introduction
Design
This design section has been written to assist drainage Northern Ireland
engineers and designers to successfully navigate the current
legislation and guidance documents to successfully specify The Northern Ireland Building Regulations 2012 are the
a Hepworth SuperSleve clay drainage system. legal requirements made by the Department of Finance and
Personnel. Guidance with respect to the requirements of these
Introduction
This guidance covers small to medium sized drains and sewers Building Regulations can be found in Technical Booklets.
(DN100 – DN300) for both foul and surface water applications.
• The document relating to Drainage is Technical
The number of reference documents has increased significantly Booklet N, Drainage
in recent years, but the underlying design principles remain the
same. It is no longer possible to refer to a single document to Alternative approach
obtain a comprehensive design guide. This section refers to
various sources as to where we believe the best contemporary The use of appropriate European Standards and/or British
guidance can be obtained. Standards is also accepted as a way of complying with the
Building Regulations requirements. For further details please
consult the relevant documents referred to below.
Design sections
Layout
• Regulations and guidance documents
BS EN 752 Drain and sewer systems outside buildings.
• Layout Sewer system management
• Hydraulic
Hydraulic
• Structural
BS EN 16933-2 Drain and sewer systems outside buildings.
• Chemical Design. Hydraulic design
• Product specification BS EN 12056-2 Gravity drainage systems inside buildings.
Sanitary pipework, layout and calculation
Private drainage Structural

Regulations and guidance documents in different parts BS 9295 Guide to the structural design of buried pipelines
of the UK. BS EN 1295-1 Structural design of buried pipelines under
various conditions of loading. General requirements
England and Wales
Building regulations set minimum standards for design, Sitework
construction and alterations to almost every building. BS EN 1610 Construction and testing of drains and sewers
The regulations are developed by the UK government and
approved by Parliament. The Building Regulations 2010
cover the construction and extension of buildings and these
regulations are supported by Approved Document H which
Adoptable drainage
sets out detailed practical guidance on compliance with
Sewers intended for adoption must meet the requirements
the regulations relating to drainage in:
of the local Water and Sewerage Company (WaSC).
England
• Approved Document H, for Drainage and waste disposal Our commitment to specifiers
(in England this is found on the Planning Portal Website)
Hepworth Clay offers a wide range of support, including a
Wales specialised national sales team who understand the needs
of those involved in the design process, and are on hand to
• Approved Document H, for Drainage and waste disposal offer advice on your project and the most suitable products.
(in Wales this is found on the Welsh Government Website)
We also have an internal technical advisory service who can
provide technical advice over the telephone and email and
Scotland answer any queries relating to our products. For specifiers of
The Building Standards technical handbooks provide Hepworth Clay products, we are also able to assist with your
guidance on achieving the standards set in the Building drainage designs and layouts.
(Scotland) Regulations 2004 and are available in two
volumes, domestic buildings and non-domestic buildings.
Detailed practical guidance on compliance with the
regulations relating to domestic building drainage can be
found under Section 3 – Environment.
• Building Standards technical handbook:
domestic buildings
79
Design guidance
Who will be responsible

for the drainage system
when it’s completed?
Water & Sewerage A Private Owner

Company (WaSC)
• Private drainage
• Adoptable drainage • Typically around the house drainage
• Typically sewers for housing estates in the • Single property
highway and some privately owned areas
Where is the site Where is the site

principally located? principally located?
England
Ofwat's Code for Adoptable England
Sewers – Appendix C, Design Approved Document H England
Construction Guidance
Wales Wales
Welsh Ministers Standards Approved Document H Wales
Scotland
Scotland
Building Standards Environment
Sewers for Scotland
Section 3.5-3.9
Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland
Building Regulations Guidance
Sewers for Northern Ireland
Technical Booklet N

Design
Alternative approach
Guidance
The documents listed below can be used
as an alternative approach to the current
forms of guidance for adoptable and
private drainage.
BS EN 752 BS 9295
Drain and sewer systems Guide to the structural
outside buildings – Sewer design of buried pipelines.
system management.
BS EN 16933-2 BS EN 1295-1
Drain and sewer systems Structural design of buried
outside buildings. Design. pipelines under various
Hydraulic design. conditions of loading.
BS EN 12056-2 BS EN 1610
Gravity drainage systems Construction and testing
inside buildings. Sanitary of drains and sewers.
pipework, layout and
calculation.
Visit the BSI Group Shop online to purchase

documents: shop.bsigroup.com
81
Design: Layout
Typical site layout Symbol Key

An efficient and well designed drainage Private Drainage
system should be self maintaining
Private drain run
providing efficient service for the design
working life of the drain and sewer system. Soil and Vent Pipe
The overall design should take into WC / Stub Stack

account proposed flows, topography, Waste Gully
site soil report, pipeline environment, Rainwater Pipe
applied structural loads and the effects
of chemicals in and around the pipeline. Rodding Point
Mini Access Chamber (max 0.6m depth)
PPIC Inspection Chamber (max 1.2m depth)
Public Drainage
Adoptable Sewer
Lateral Drain
Demarcation Chamber
Range 450 Inspection Chamber (Type D) max. depth 3m
DCG Manhole (Type B/C)
What is a drain? What is a lateral drain? What is a sewer?

A drain serves a single property within its A lateral drain serves a single property, A sewer serves more than one property.
boundary and the owner has responsibility but it continues outside that property's It can be in private or publicly owned
for it. boundary, connecting it to the public land. The WaSC is responsible for it.
sewer. The Water and Sewerage
Company (WaSC) is responsible for it.

Access to drains and sewers • Access fittings – are normally located near the upstream
Design
end of a drain or sewer and allow entry into the system for
inspection, testing or cleaning. The limited access offered
Introduction by these fittings means that a full range of operations may
not be possible.
Access is required to drain and sewer systems for testing,
inspection, maintenance and removal of debris and is • Inspection chambers – provide working space from ground
covered by Building Regulations Approved Document H, level only, preventing personnel entry. They allow access into
section H1 and BS EN 752. the system for inspection, testing or cleaning. The improved
access offered by these fittings means that a wider range of
Suitable and sufficient access points should be provided for operations is possible.
clearing blockages from drain and sewer runs without the
need to enter buildings. • Manholes – provide working space at drain or sewer level
used for personnel entry and equipment. They provide
entry into the system for inspection, testing or cleaning.
Types of access points
Layout
The access offered by manholes means that a complete
Access points should be one of four types as detailed in range of operations is possible.
BS EN 752:
Access fittings, Inspection chambers and manholes, allow
• Rodding points – small access points located at the inspection, testing or cleaning to be carried out in both directions.
upstream end of a drain or sewer that allow entry into the
system for inspection, testing or cleaning in a downstream
direction only.
Rodding Point Polypropylene

Depth: No limit Inspection Chamber
Diameter: 100 – 150mm Depth: up to 1200mm
Diameter: 475mm
Access Fittings Range 450 Inspection

Depth: up to 600mm Chamber
Access size: 260 x 100mm Depth: up to 3m
Shaft: 450mm diameter
Access opening restricted
to 350mm diameter
Mini Access Chamber

Depth: up to 600mm
Diameter: 300mm
83
Positioning of access points Where the regular maintenance of intercepting traps, anti-
flooding devices, or backdrops cannot be carried out from
the surface, manholes should be installed.
Access should be built on drains and sewers at every:
• Head of branch; Distance between access points
• Change of alignment (direction) or gradient; The distance between access points depends on the
• Junction of two or more drains or sewers; types of access used. BS EN 752 Table NA.4 indicates the
recommended maximum distances between rodding points,
• Change in pipe size. access fittings, inspection chambers and manholes. These
are based on manual cleaning techniques and the need for
removing debris. This is shown schematically below.
Table NA.4 in BS EN 752 – Recommended maximum spacing of access provision (in metres)
To inspection
To junction / branch To access fitting To manhole
chamber
From start of external drain – 12 22 25
From rodding point 12 12 22 45
From access fitting 12 12 22 45
From inspection chamber 12 22 45 45
From manhole – – 45 90 (a)

(a)
This may be increased to 200m in places where only remotely operated equipment will be used for maintenance.
Approved Document H, section H1 Table 13 also provides needs for all four types of access fittings. Inspection chambers
similar information. Differences may be found between the conforming to BS EN 13598-1, BS EN 13598-2, and manholes
two tables but table NA.4 above is the simpler and more conforming to BS 5911-4 are appropriate.
conservative of the two.
Building Regulations Approved Document H, section H1 table
11 gives minimum dimensions for access fittings and inspection
Dimensions of access points chambers. Table 12 gives minimum dimensions for manholes.
BS EN 752, NA.6.4.3 and NA.6.4.4 describe in detail the clear
opening size at the surface and the dimensions for operational
22m max Inspection chamber 45m max Manhole
Access fitting
22m max 45m max

Surface water plot 1 plot
Access fitting 2 plot22m
3 max plot 4
Inspection chamber
plot 5 plot 6 45m max Manhole
Manhole
12m max
Access fitting Inspection chamber

plot 1 1 plot 22 plot 33 plot 44 plot 55 plot 66
12m max
plot plot plot plot plot plot

22m max
12m max
Rodding eye
max
22m max
22m
Rodding eye
Rodding point
45m max
Junction
Rodding eye
Symbol Key
Rodding eye
Foul Water Surface Water 12m max 45m max
45m max
Junction
Junction
Manhole Rodding eye
Rodding plot 7
point Rodding point
Rodding eye
12m max
12m max
Inspection chamber
plot 7 7
plot
Access fitting
Stack
Rodding point
Rodding eye
Foul water
Rodding eye
Rodding point
Stack
plot 99 plot 11
plot 11 plot 12
plot 12 Stack plot 13
plot 13 Stack
Stack Access fitting
plot Access fitting
plot
plot 88 plot 10
plot 10
plot 9 plot 11 plot 12 Stack plot 13

Stack
22m max
plot 8 Stack plot 10

Stack
Stack
45m max
45
Stack
Stack Access fitting Inspection chamber
Access fitting Inspection chamber
45m max
45
m
Stack
m
ma
ma
Stack
x
max
12m max
12m max
Stack
12m max
Stack Access fitting Stack

Stack Stack Inspection chamber
45
m
Stack
Stack Stack
12m
ma
Inspection chamber
Inspection chamber
x
12m max
Stack Stack
Access fitting Access fitting Stack
Junction
Junction Junction
Junction Junction
Junction
Access fitting Access fitting Inspection
Inspection chamberchamber Inspection chamber Inspection chamber Inspection chamber
12m max 22m max 45m max Manhole
Manhole
12m max 22m max 45m max 45m max

Junction Junction Junction
Access fitting Access fitting Inspection chamber Inspection chamber
12m max 22m max 45m max
Manhole
Manhole 90m max
90m max Manhole
Manhole
This drawing is to illustrate the recommended maximum spacingManhole

of access provision (in metres) for manual cleaning only. Diagrammatic only – not to scale.
90m max

Design: Hydraulic
Design
Introduction
The primary objective of any hydraulic design is to ensure

that the pipe sizing and gradients are selected to ensure
Maximum Gradients
both the accommodation of the maximum flow and the
There is no maximum value given for steep gradients
achievement of self-cleansing velocities. Excavation and
in common use. Pipelines should be laid at gradients
cost can be minimised wherever possible and practical by
Hydraulic
that are economical to install and maintain. Any steep
following the topography of the site optimising trench depth.
gradient proposed by the designer should take the
following into consideration.
Minimum Internal Diameter Foul pipelines with low volume flows

The minimum internal pipe diameter for a foul or surface Typically found at or near the head of the system in small
water drain or sewer is 100mm. diameter pipelines. The deposition of any solids is usually
overcome by intermittent and subsequent flows moving
the solids along to a free-flowing pipeline.
Minimum Gradients
The normal minimum or flattest gradients per diameter
are shown below. Foul pipelines with higher volume flows
At the end of a steep gradient the internal layout of the
Foul water inspection chamber or the internal channel design of the
manhole should be designed to reduce the potential for
DN100 1:40 Where there is no W.C. connected high velocity flows to cause deposition and accumulation
DN100 1:80 Where at least 1 W.C. and less than 10 of debris inside the chamber which will eventually cause a
properties are connected blockage (see page 126). It is not recommended to discharge
high volume flows from steep gradients into a pipeline via a
DN150 1:150 Where at least 10 properties are connected junction.
DN225 1:225 A ‘Rule of thumb’ gradient of 1:DN, requires
further calculation to verify
DN300 1:300 A ‘Rule of thumb’ gradient of 1:DN requires
Hydraulic Pipeline
further calculation to verify Roughness Values
Surface water Hydraulic pipeline roughness value or ks value reduces the
effective flow capacity of drain and sewers, as biofilms present
DN100 1:100 in operational drains and sewers attach to the internal surfaces
DN150 1:150 of the pipeline, these build up and fall away repeatedly over
time. This has a greater flow reducing effect than any difference
DN225 1:225 A ‘Rule of thumb’ gradient of 1:DN, requires between pipeline material, therefore a single conservative value
further calculation to verify can be used for each drainage system.
DN300 1:300 A ‘Rule of thumb’ gradient of 1:DN requires Foul and combined ks 1.5mm and surface water ks 0.6mm.
further calculation to verify
85
g = Gravitational acceleration
(9.81 m/sec2)
Design: Hydraulic
i = Hydraulic gradient
v = Kinematic viscosity of fluid (m2/sec)

at 10ºC (1.3l X 10-6m2/sec)
Design equations ks = Linear measure of effective

roughness (0.6 or 1.5mm)
D = Nominal internal diameter of pipe

(100 to 600mm)
Re = Reynolds number, VD
The most generally accepted equation The tables developed from this equation The flow rate in a foul drain is calculated
currently in use is that attributed to may be used to determine thev average using the following formula:
Colebrook and White. In this equation, velocity of flow and the discharge for
the velocity of flow is related to the pipe pipes with an effective roughness (ks ) Q=k DU
bore, the kinematic viscosity of the of 0.6mm for surface water sewers and
liquid, the gradient and the hydraulic 1.5mm for foul sewers and combined Where Q = Flow rate
roughness of the pipeline. sewers. These values are stated in
‘Ofwat's Code for Adoptable Sewers k = Frequency factor
When a pipe is conveying sewage or
– Appendix C, Design Construction
a combination of sewage and surface DU = Sum of Discharge Units
Guidance’.
water, biological microfilms, adhere to
and grow on the interior surface. This Table 6: Roughness (Ks ) 1.50 –
layer of biological microfilm is a major Pipe flowing full
influence on the hydraulic roughness The frequency factor for various types of
oughness (Ks ) 1.50 –
Table 7: R building usage is shown in table 4.
of pipelines and modifies the effect of
Pipe flowing 3/4
various surface textures.
oughness (Ks ) 0.60 –
Table 8: R Table 4
Pipe flowing full
The Colebrook- Type of building Frequency
factor (k)
White equation Pipe sizing Intermittent use, e.g. 0.5
dwelling,guest house,
The tables on the following pages are
office
based on the Colebrook-White equation Foul drainage
for transitional flow, the general form of Frequent use, 0.7
which is: For foul drains serving individual or e.g. hospital,
small groups of buildings the peak school,restaurant, hotel
flow rate can be calculated using the
1 = -2 log
λ [ Ks + 2.5
3.75 Re λ ] discharge unit method shown in BS
EN 16933-2 and BS EN 12056-2. The
Congested use, e.g.
toilets and showers
open to the public
1.0
peak flow is derived from the number

the equation, when expressed in and type of appliances connected and Special use, e.g. 1.2
the frequency at which they discharge. laboratory
engineering terms, becomes:
[ ]
Table 3 shows the appropriate discharge
Ks + 2.5lv
V= -2 (2gDi)log units allocated to a range of sanitary
3.7D D 2gDi appliances. The table refers to system III
values shown in BS EN 12056-2. Example calculation
where Calculate the peak flow rate and size
Table 3
λ = Friction coefficient, 2g Di
the outfall drain from a medical centre
V2 Appliance Discharge containing 10 WCs, 15 WHBs, 3 sinks,
Units 1 dishwasher, 2 showers.
Q = 0.7 26.5 = 3.6 l/sec
[ ]
V = Discharge velocity (m/s) Total number of discharge units:
1 = -2 log Ks + 2.5 Wash hand basin, bidet 0.3
g = Gravitational
λ acceleration
3.75 Re λ Shower (without plug) 0.4 - 10 X 1.7 (WCs) = 17.0
(9.81 m/sec )
2
Shower (with plug) 1.3 - 15 X 0.3 (WHBs) = 4.5
the equation, when expressed in
i = Hydraulic gradient Single urinal with cistern 0.4 - 3 X 1.3 (Sinks) = 3.9
engineering terms, becomes:
[ ]
v = Kinematic viscosity of Kfluid + 2/sec)
2.5lv Slab urinal 0.2
V= -2 (2gDi)log s (m - 1 X 0.2 (Dishwasher) = 0.2
at 10ºC (1.3l X 10-6m3.7D
2/sec) D 2gDi Bath 1.3 - 2 X 0.4 (Showers) = 0.8
ks = Linear measure of effective Kitchen sink 1.3
where Total = 26.4
roughness (0.6 or 1.5mm) Dishwater (domestic) 0.2
λ = Friction coefficient, 2g Di Washing machine (<6kg) 0.6
Using frequency factor of 0.7:
D = Nominal internal diameter of Vpipe
2
(100 to 600mm) Washing machine (<12kg) 1.2

Q = 0.7 26.5 = 3.6 l/sec
V = Discharge velocity (m/s)
Re = Reynolds number, VD WC with 6 litres cistern 1.2-1.7**
v
g = Gravitational acceleration WC with 7.5 litres cistern 1.4-1.8**
(9.81 m/sec2)
Q = WC
k with
DU 9 litres cistern 1.6-2.0**
i = Hydraulic gradient *Per person -** Depending on type
Where Q = Flow rate
v = Kinematic viscosity of fluid (m2/sec)
k = Frequency factor
at 10ºC (1.3l X 10-6m2/sec)
DU = Sum of Discharge Units
ks = Linear measure of effective
roughness (0.6 or 1.5mm)
D = Nominal internal diameter of pipe
Design: Hydraulic
Design
Worked examples
Pipe size and Surface water Proportional velocity and

discharge in pipes running
gradient selection drainage part full
Table 5
Hydraulic
Using table 7, which gives pipe For surface water drains serving
capacities when flowing at 3/4 full, impermeable areas no greater
select a pipe size and gradient which than 4000m2, Building Regulations Proportional Proportion of
will accommodate the peak flow rate. Approved Document H, section H3 Depth full-bore values
Do not exceed minimum gradient suggests a rainfall intensity of 50mm/ Velocity Discharge
values set by BS EN 16933-2 and hr may be used for normal situations.
Building Regulations. For the design of drainage serving 0.02 0.128 0.001
larger areas or areas where ponding 0.04 0.213 0.003
For a peak flow 3.6 l/sec a 100mm
would lead to flooding of buildings,
diameter pipe laid at 1:80 (capacity 0.06 0.283 0.007
site-specific rainfall data should be
at 3/4 depth = 5.3 l/sec) should
calculated based upon the storm 0.08 0.345 0.013
be adequate.
frequency, duration and level of
0.10 0.400 0.021
The following calculations are then protection required for the building.
used to check that the velocity of For further details, please refer to 0.12 0.450 0.031
the flow is greater than 0.7 l/sec BS EN 752 and BS EN 16933-2. 0.14 0.496 0.042
(self cleansing velocity).
A 50mm/hr rainfall intensity generates 0.16 0.539 0.056
1 R
ead the pipe full velocity and 0.014 l/sec per square metre of
impermeable area (assuming the 0.18 0.580 0.071
capacity for the selected pipe and
gradient in table 6. For a 100mm surface to be drained has 100% 0.20 0.618 0.088
pipe at 1:80 these are 0.75 m/sec impermeability).
0.22 0.654 0.107
and 5.6 l/sec
50mm / hr = 0.014 l/sec 0.24 0.688 0.127
2 C
alculate the proportional discharge 60 (mins) x (60 sec)
by dividing the peak flow rate by the 0.26 0.720 0.149
pipe capacity flowing full The flow rate contributing to a surface 0.28 0.750 0.172
i.e. 3.6/5.6 = 0.643 water drain can be calculated by 0.30 0.779 0.197
3 F
rom table 5 read off the proportional multiplying the impermeable area to be
drained in metres squared by this factor. 0.35 0.846 0.264
velocity value when the proportional
discharge is 0.643 i.e. 1.06 0.40 0.904 0.338
Example calculation 0.45 0.955 0.417
4 M
ultiply the pipe full velocity by the
proportional velocity to calculate the The same medical centre has a roof 0.50 1.000 0.500
actual velocity in the pipe i.e. 0.75 area of 350m2 and a car park of 500m2.
X 1.06 = 0.8m/sec. Actual velocity Calculate the size of the surface water 0.55 1.038 0.585
exceeds 0.7m/sec, therefore pipe is drain required at the outfall to the main 0.60 1.071 0.671
adequately sized. sewer.
0.65 1.097 0.755
Calculate the total contributing
0.70 1.117 0.835
impermeable area 350 + 500 = 850m2.
0.75 1.130 0.909
Multiply the total impermeable area by
the rainfall intensity factor 850 X 0.014 0.80 1.136 0.974
= 11.9 l/sec. 0.85 1.134 1.027
From Table 8 (Pipe flowing full – Ks 0.6) 0.90 1.121 1.063
select a pipe diameter and gradient to
0.95 1.092 1.072
accommodate the flow. In this example
a 100mm pipe at 1:25 would accept
the flow of 11.9 l/sec and where the
full-bore velocity is greater than 1.0
m/sec.
This could be too steep to be practical
for some sites therefore a larger
diameter pipe should be selected
where the full-bore velocity is not less
than 1/m sec. A 150mm pipe at 1:100
with a full-bore velocity of 1.0 m/sec
will satisfy this requirement, leaving
almost 50% additional capacity for
future flows to be added without any
major pipeline replacement work.
87
Design: Hydraulic
Pipe flow capacity tables
Table 6 – Pipe flow capacity table – Pipe flowing full – Roughness Ks =1.50
Nominal Diameter (mm)

100 150 225 300 400 450 500 600
Hydraulic Gradient Velocity Discharge Velocity Discharge Velocity Discharge Velocity Discharge Velocity Discharge Velocity Discharge Velocity Discharge Velocity Discharge
1 in m/s l/s m/s l/s m/s l/s m/s l/s m/s l/s m/s l/s m/s l/s m/s l/s
0.0010 1000.0 0.21 1.62 0.27 4.82 0.36 14.27 0.43 30.70 0.52 65.91 0.57 90.06 0.61 119.04 0.68 192.80
0.0011 909.1 0.22 1.70 0.29 5.06 0.38 14.97 0.46 32.22 0.55 69.16 0.59 94.50 0.64 124.91 0.72 202.29
0.0012 833.3 0.23 1.78 0.30 5.29 0.39 15.65 0.48 33.67 0.58 72.27 0.62 98.75 0.66 130.51 0.75 211.35
0.0013 769.2 0.24 1.85 0.31 5.51 0.41 16.30 0.50 35.06 0.60 75.25 0.65 102.82 0.69 135.89 0.78 220.05
0.0014 714.3 0.24 1.92 0.32 5.72 0.43 16.92 0.51 36.40 0.62 78.12 0.67 106.73 0.72 141.06 0.81 228.42
0.0015 666.7 0.25 1.99 0.34 5.93 0.44 17.52 0.53 37.69 0.64 80.89 0.69 110.51 0.74 146.05 0.84 236.49
0.0016 625.0 0.26 2.06 0.35 6.12 0.46 18.10 0.55 38.94 0.66 83.56 0.72 114.16 0.77 150.88 0.86 244.30
0.0017 588.2 0.27 2.12 0.36 6.32 0.47 18.67 0.57 40.15 0.69 86.16 0.74 117.71 0.79 155.56 0.89 251.87
0.0018 555.6 0.28 2.19 0.37 6.50 0.48 19.22 0.58 41.33 0.71 88.68 0.76 121.14 0.82 160.10 0.92 259.22
0.0019 526.3 0.29 2.25 0.38 6.68 0.50 19.75 0.60 42.47 0.73 91.13 0.78 124.49 0.84 164.52 0.94 266.37
0.0020 500.0 0.29 2.31 0.39 6.86 0.51 20.27 0.62 43.58 0.74 93.51 0.80 127.75 0.86 168.82 0.97 273.34
0.0022 454.5 0.31 2.42 0.41 7.20 0.53 21.27 0.65 45.73 0.78 98.11 0.84 134.03 0.90 177.12 1.01 286.76
0.0024 416.7 0.32 2.53 0.43 7.52 0.56 22.22 0.68 47.78 0.82 102.51 0.88 140.03 0.94 185.05 1.06 299.58
0.0026 384.6 0.34 2.64 0.44 7.83 0.58 23.14 0.70 49.75 0.85 106.72 0.92 145.79 0.98 192.65 1.10 311.88
0.0028 357.1 0.35 2.74 0.46 8.13 0.60 24.02 0.73 51.64 0.88 110.78 0.95 151.32 1.02 199.97 1.14 323.72
0.0030 333.3 0.36 2.84 0.48 8.42 0.63 24.87 0.76 53.47 0.91 114.69 0.99 156.67 1.05 207.02 1.19 335.14
0.0032 312.5 0.37 2.93 0.49 8.70 0.65 25.70 0.78 55.24 0.94 118.48 1.02 161.84 1.09 213.85 1.22 346.19
0.0034 294.1 0.38 3.02 0.51 8.97 0.67 26.49 0.81 56.95 0.97 122.15 1.05 166.85 1.12 220.47 1.26 356.89
0.0036 277.8 0.40 3.11 0.52 9.24 0.69 27.27 0.83 58.61 1.00 125.71 1.08 171.71 1.16 226.89 1.30 367.29
0.0038 263.2 0.41 3.20 0.54 9.49 0.70 28.02 0.85 60.23 1.03 129.18 1.11 176.44 1.19 233.14 1.33 377.40
0.0040 250.0 0.42 3.28 0.55 9.74 0.72 28.76 0.87 61.81 1.05 132.55 1.14 181.05 1.22 239.23 1.37 387.25
0.0042 238.1 0.43 3.36 0.57 9.98 0.74 29.47 0.90 63.34 1.08 135.84 1.17 185.54 1.25 245.17 1.40 396.85
0.0044 227.3 0.44 3.44 0.58 10.22 0.76 30.17 0.92 64.84 1.11 139.06 1.19 189.93 1.28 250.96 1.44 406.23
0.0046 217.4 0.45 3.52 0.59 10.45 0.78 30.85 0.94 66.31 1.13 142.20 1.22 194.22 1.31 256.63 1.47 415.40
0.0048 208.3 0.46 3.60 0.60 10.68 0.79 31.52 0.96 67.74 1.16 145.27 1.25 198.42 1.34 262.18 1.50 424.37
0.0050 200.0 0.47 3.67 0.62 10.90 0.81 32.18 0.98 69.15 1.18 148.28 1.27 202.53 1.36 267.61 1.53 433.15
0.0055 181.8 0.49 3.86 0.65 11.44 0.85 33.76 1.03 72.54 1.24 155.56 1.34 212.46 1.43 280.72 1.61 454.38
0.0060 166.7 0.51 4.03 0.68 11.95 0.89 35.27 1.07 75.79 1.29 162.51 1.40 221.95 1.49 293.26 1.68 474.66
0.0065 153.8 0.53 4.20 0.70 12.45 0.92 36.72 1.12 78.90 1.35 169.17 1.45 231.05 1.55 305.28 1.75 494.11
0.0070 142.9 0.55 4.36 0.73 12.92 0.96 38.12 1.16 81.90 1.40 175.59 1.51 239.81 1.61 316.85 1.81 512.82
0.0075 133.3 0.57 4.51 0.76 13.38 0.99 39.46 1.20 84.78 1.45 181.78 1.56 248.26 1.67 328.01 1.88 530.88
0.0080 125.0 0.59 4.66 0.78 13.82 1.03 40.76 1.24 87.58 1.49 187.76 1.61 256.43 1.73 338.81 1.94 548.35
0.0085 117.6 0.61 4.80 0.81 14.25 1.06 42.03 1.28 90.29 1.54 193.57 1.66 264.36 1.78 349.27 2.00 565.28
0.0090 111.1 0.63 4.95 0.83 14.66 1.09 43.25 1.31 92.92 1.59 199.20 1.71 272.05 1.83 359.43 2.06 581.72
0.0095 105.3 0.65 5.08 0.85 15.07 1.12 44.44 1.35 95.47 1.63 204.68 1.76 279.53 1.88 369.31 2.11 597.70
0.0100 100.0 0.66 5.22 0.87 15.46 1.15 45.60 1.39 97.97 1.67 210.01 1.80 286.82 1.93 378.94 2.17 613.27
0.0110 90.9 0.70 5.47 0.92 16.22 1.20 47.84 1.45 102.77 1.75 220.30 1.89 300.86 2.02 397.49 2.28 643.29
0.0120 83.3 0.73 5.72 0.96 16.95 1.26 49.98 1.52 107.36 1.83 230.13 1.98 314.28 2.11 415.22 2.38 671.97
0.0130 76.9 0.76 5.95 1.00 17.64 1.31 52.03 1.58 111.76 1.91 239.56 2.06 327.15 2.20 432.22 2.47 699.48
0.0140 71.4 0.79 6.18 1.04 18.31 1.36 54.00 1.64 115.99 1.98 248.63 2.13 339.54 2.28 448.58 2.57 725.95
0.0150 66.7 0.81 6.40 1.07 18.96 1.41 55.91 1.70 120.08 2.05 257.38 2.21 351.49 2.37 464.37 2.66 751.49
0.0160 62.5 0.84 6.61 1.11 19.59 1.45 57.75 1.75 124.03 2.12 265.85 2.28 363.05 2.44 479.63 2.75 776.19
0.0170 58.8 0.87 6.81 1.14 20.19 1.50 59.53 1.81 127.86 2.18 274.05 2.35 374.25 2.52 494.43 2.83 800.13
0.0180 55.6 0.89 7.01 1.18 20.78 1.54 61.27 1.86 131.58 2.24 282.02 2.42 385.13 2.59 508.80 2.91 823.37
0.0190 52.6 0.92 7.21 1.21 21.35 1.58 62.95 1.91 135.20 2.31 289.77 2.49 395.71 2.66 522.78 2.99 845.98
0.0200 50.0 0.94 7.39 1.24 21.91 1.62 64.59 1.96 138.72 2.37 297.32 2.55 406.01 2.73 536.39 3.07 868.01
0.0220 45.5 0.99 7.76 1.30 22.99 1.70 67.76 2.06 145.51 2.48 311.87 2.68 425.88 2.87 562.63 3.22 910.46
0.0240 41.7 1.03 8.10 1.36 24.01 1.78 70.78 2.15 152.00 2.59 325.77 2.80 444.86 2.99 587.70 3.36 951.02
0.0260 38.5 1.07 8.44 1.41 25.00 1.85 73.68 2.24 158.22 2.70 339.10 2.91 463.06 3.12 611.74 3.50 989.92
0.0280 35.7 1.12 8.76 1.47 25.94 1.92 76.47 2.32 164.21 2.80 351.93 3.02 480.58 3.23 634.88 3.63 1027.35
0.0300 33.3 1.15 9.07 1.52 26.86 1.99 79.16 2.40 169.99 2.90 364.31 3.13 497.48 3.35 657.21 3.76 1063.47
0.0320 31.2 1.19 9.37 1.57 27.74 2.06 81.77 2.48 175.58 2.99 376.28 3.23 513.83 3.46 678.80 3.88 1098.40
0.0340 29.4 1.23 9.66 1.62 28.60 2.12 84.29 2.56 181.00 3.09 387.89 3.33 529.67 3.56 699.72 4.00 1132.26
0.0360 27.8 1.27 9.94 1.67 29.43 2.18 86.74 2.63 186.26 3.18 399.15 3.43 545.05 3.67 720.05 4.12 1165.14
0.0380 26.3 1.30 10.21 1.71 30.24 2.24 89.12 2.71 191.37 3.26 410.11 3.52 560.02 3.77 739.81 4.23 1197.11
0.0400 25.0 1.33 10.48 1.76 31.03 2.30 91.45 2.78 196.36 3.35 420.79 3.61 574.59 3.87 759.06 4.34 1228.26
0.0420 23.8 1.37 10.74 1.80 31.80 2.36 93.71 2.85 201.21 3.43 431.20 3.70 588.80 3.96 777.83 4.45 1258.63
0.0440 22.7 1.40 10.99 1.84 32.55 2.41 95.92 2.91 205.96 3.51 441.36 3.79 602.68 4.05 796.17 4.56 1288.29
0.0460 21.7 1.43 11.24 1.88 33.28 2.47 98.08 2.98 210.60 3.59 451.30 3.87 616.25 4.15 814.09 4.66 1317.28
0.0480 20.8 1.46 11.48 1.92 34.00 2.52 100.20 3.04 215.14 3.67 461.02 3.96 629.52 4.24 831.62 4.76 1345.65
0.0500 20.0 1.49 11.72 1.96 34.71 2.57 102.27 3.11 219.58 3.74 470.54 4.04 642.52 4.32 848.79 4.86 1373.43
0.0550 18.2 1.57 12.29 2.06 36.40 2.70 107.27 3.26 230.32 3.93 493.55 4.24 673.93 4.53 890.28 5.09 1440.55
0.0600 16.7 1.64 12.84 2.15 38.03 2.82 112.05 3.40 240.58 4.10 515.53 4.43 703.94 4.74 929.92 5.32 1504.69
0.0650 15.4 1.70 13.37 2.24 39.59 2.93 116.64 3.54 250.42 4.27 536.61 4.61 732.73 4.93 967.94 5.54 1566.20
0.0700 14.3 1.77 13.88 2.32 41.08 3.04 121.05 3.68 259.89 4.43 556.89 4.78 760.42 5.12 1004.53 5.75 1625.38
0.0750 13.3 1.83 14.36 2.41 42.53 3.15 125.31 3.81 269.03 4.59 576.47 4.95 787.14 5.30 1039.83 5.95 1682.49
0.0800 12.5 1.89 14.84 2.49 43.93 3.26 129.42 3.93 277.87 4.74 595.40 5.11 812.99 5.47 1073.97 6.15 1737.73
0.0850 11.8 1.95 15.29 2.56 45.28 3.36 133.41 4.05 286.43 4.88 613.75 5.27 838.04 5.64 1107.06 6.34 1791.26
0.0900 11.1 2.00 15.74 2.64 46.60 3.45 137.29 4.17 294.75 5.03 631.56 5.42 862.37 5.80 1139.19 6.52 1843.24
0.0950 10.5 2.06 16.17 2.71 47.88 3.55 141.06 4.28 302.84 5.16 648.89 5.57 886.02 5.96 1170.43 6.70 1893.80

Design
Table 7 – Pipe flow capacity table – Pipe flowing ¾ full – Roughness Ks =1.50

100 150 225 300 400 450 500 600
Hydraulic
0.0010 1000.0 0.23 1.47 0.31 4.38 0.41 12.97 0.49 27.91 0.59 59.91 0.64 81.87 0.69 108.21 0.77 175.25
0.0011 909.1 0.24 1.55 0.32 4.60 0.43 13.61 0.52 29.29 0.62 62.87 0.67 85.90 0.72 113.54 0.81 183.88
0.0012 833.3 0.26 1.62 0.34 4.81 0.44 14.22 0.54 30.60 0.65 65.69 0.70 89.76 0.75 118.64 0.84 192.12
0.0013 769.2 0.27 1.68 0.35 5.01 0.44 14.81 0.56 31.87 0.68 68.40 0.73 93.46 0.78 123.52 0.88 200.03
0.0014 714.3 0.28 1.75 0.37 5.20 48.00 15.38 0.58 33.09 0.70 71.01 0.76 97.02 0.81 128.22 0.91 207.63
0.0015 666.7 0.29 1.81 0.38 5.39 0.50 15.93 0.60 34.26 0.73 73.53 0.79 100.45 0.84 132.76 0.95 214.97
0.0016 625.0 0.30 1.87 0.39 5.57 0.51 16.46 0.62 35.40 0.75 75.96 0.81 103.77 0.87 137.15 0.98 222.07
0.0017 588.2 0.31 1.93 0.40 5.74 0.53 16.97 0.64 36.50 0.77 78.32 0.84 106.99 0.90 141.40 1.12 255.71
0.0018 555.6 0.31 1.99 0.42 5.91 0.55 17.47 0.66 37.56 0.80 80.61 0.86 110.12 0.92 145.53 1.16 263.22
0.0019 526.3 0.32 2.04 0.43 6.07 0.56 17.95 0.68 38.60 0.82 82.83 0.88 113.16 0.95 149.55 1.19 270.53
0.0020 500.0 0.33 2.10 0.44 6.23 0.58 18.42 0.70 39.62 0.84 85.00 0.91 116.12 0.97 153.46 1.22 277.65
0.0022 454.5 0.35 2.20 0.46 6.54 0.60 19.33 0.73 41.57 0.88 89.18 0.95 121.83 1.14 180.35 1.28 291.38
0.0024 416.7 0.36 2.30 0.48 6.84 0.63 20.20 0.76 43.43 0.92 93.18 0.99 127.29 1.19 188.48 1.34 304.49
0.0026 384.6 0.38 2.40 0.50 7.12 0.66 21.03 0.80 45.22 0.96 97.01 1.16 148.72 1.24 196.28 1.39 317.07
0.0028 357.1 0.39 2.49 0.52 7.39 0.68 21.84 0.83 46.94 1.00 100.70 1.21 154.41 1.29 203.78 1.45 329.18
0.0030 333.3 0.41 2.58 0.54 7.66 0.71 22.61 0.85 48.60 1.16 117.23 1.25 159.90 1.34 211.02 1.50 340.86
0.0032 312.5 0.42 2.66 0.56 7.91 0.73 23.36 0.88 50.21 1.20 121.13 1.29 165.21 1.38 218.02 1.67 378.71
0.0034 294.1 0.43 2.75 0.57 8.16 0.75 24.08 0.91 51.77 1.24 124.90 1.33 170.35 1.42 224.81 1.72 390.57
0.0036 277.8 0.45 2.83 0.59 8.40 9.77 24.79 0.94 53.28 1.27 128.57 1.37 175.35 1.47 231.40 1.77 402.09
0.0038 263.2 0.48 2.91 0.61 8.63 0.80 25.47 0.96 54.75 1.31 132.14 1.41 180.21 1.62 256.14 1.82 413.29
0.0040 250.0 0.47 2.98 0.62 8.85 0.82 26.14 0.99 56.18 1.34 135.61 1.45 184.94 1.66 262.91 1.87 424.21
0.0042 238.1 0.48 3.06 0.64 9.08 0.84 26.79 1.14 65.07 1.38 139.00 1.48 189.56 1.71 269.52 1.91 434.85
0.0044 227.3 0.50 3.13 0.65 9.29 0.86 27.43 1.17 66.62 1.41 142.31 1.64 209.27 1.75 275.97 1.96 445.24
0.0046 217.4 0.51 3.20 0.67 9.50 0.88 28.05 1.20 68.14 1.44 145.54 1.67 214.06 1.79 282.28 2.00 455.40
0.0048 208.3 0.52 3.27 0.68 9.71 0.90 28.65 1.22 69.62 1.47 148.71 1.71 218.74 1.83 288.45 2.05 465.35
0.0050 200.0 0.53 3.34 0.70 9.91 0.91 29.25 1.25 71.08 1.62 163.88 1.75 223.33 1.86 294.50 2.09 475.08
0.0055 181.8 0.55 3.51 0.73 10.40 0.96 30.69 1.31 74.59 1.70 172.02 1.83 234.42 1.96 309.11 2.19 498.61
0.0060 166.7 0.58 3.66 0.76 10.87 1.14 36.43 1.37 77.95 1.78 179.81 1.92 245.01 2.05 323.06 2.29 521.09
0.0065 153.8 0.60 3.81 0.80 11.31 1.19 37.94 1.43 81.17 1.85 187.27 1.99 255.17 2.13 336.45 2.39 542.65
0.0070 142.9 0.63 3.96 0.83 11.74 1.23 39.39 1.48 84.26 1.92 194.46 2.07 264.95 2.21 349.33 2.48 563.40
0.0075 133.3 0.65 4.10 0.86 12.16 1.28 40.79 1.68 94.50 1.99 201.39 2.14 274.39 2.29 361.76 2.57 583.42
0.0080 125.0 0.67 4.24 0.88 12.56 1.32 42.15 1.72 97.66 2.06 208.09 2.22 283.51 2.37 373.79 2.65 602.79
0.0085 117.6 0.69 4.37 0.91 12.95 1.36 43.46 1.77 100.72 2.12 214.59 2.29 292.36 2.44 385.44 2.73 621.56
0.0090 111.1 0.71 4.50 0.94 13.33 1.40 44.74 1.82 103.69 2.19 220.90 2.35 300.95 2.51 396.76 2.81 639.78
0.0095 105.3 0.73 4.62 0.96 13.70 1.44 45.97 1.87 106.57 2.25 227.04 2.42 309.30 2.58 407.76 2.89 657.51
0.0100 100.0 0.75 4.74 0.99 14.06 1.48 47.18 1.92 109.39 2.31 233.02 2.48 317.44 2.65 418.48 2.97 674.77
0.0110 90.9 0.79 4.97 1.19 16.91 1.68 53.81 2.02 114.81 2.42 244.55 2.60 333.13 2.78 439.15 3.11 708.06
0.0120 83.3 0.82 5.20 1.24 17.67 1.76 56.24 2.11 119.99 2.53 255.56 2.72 348.12 2.91 458.90 3.25 739.86
0.0130 76.9 0.86 5.41 1.29 18.40 1.83 58.58 2.20 124.96 2.63 266.13 2.83 362.50 3.03 477.84 3.39 770.37
0.0140 71.4 0.89 5.62 1.34 19.10 1.90 60.83 2.28 129.75 2.73 276.29 2.94 376.33 3.14 496.06 3.52 799.72
0.0150 66.7 0.92 5.82 1.39 19.78 1.97 63.00 2.36 134.36 2.83 286.10 3.05 389.68 3.25 513.65 3.64 828.05
0.0160 62.5 0.95 6.01 1.44 20.44 2.04 65.10 2.44 138.83 2.92 295.59 3.15 402.60 3.36 530.66 3.76 855.44
0.0170 58.8 0.98 6.19 1.48 21.07 2.10 67.13 2.52 143.15 3.02 304.78 3.24 415.11 3.46 547.15 3.88 881.99
0.0180 55.6 1.17 7.38 1.67 23.70 2.16 69.10 2.59 147.36 3.10 313.71 3.34 427.27 3.57 563.16 3.99 907.78
0.0190 52.6 1.20 7.59 1.71 24.36 2.22 71.03 2.66 151.44 3.19 322.39 3.43 439.09 3.66 578.73 4.10 932.85
0.0200 50.0 1.23 7.79 1.76 25.00 2.28 72.90 2.73 155.42 3.27 330.85 3.52 450.60 3.76 593.89 4.21 957.28
0.0220 45.5 1.29 8.17 1.85 26.24 2.39 76.50 2.87 163.10 3.43 347.16 3.70 472.79 3.95 623.13 4.42 1004.36
0.0240 41.7 1.35 8.54 1.93 27.43 2.50 79.95 3.00 170.43 3.59 362.74 3.86 494.00 4.12 651.06 4.61 1049.35
0.0260 38.5 1.41 8.89 2.01 28.57 2.60 83.25 3.12 177.46 3.74 377.68 4.02 514.34 4.29 677.86 4.80 1092.50
0.0280 35.7 1.46 9.20 2.09 29.66 2.70 86.43 3.24 184.23 3.88 392.06 4.17 533.91 4.45 703.54 4.99 1134.02
0.0300 33.3 1.66 10.50 2.16 30.72 2.80 89.50 3.35 190.76 4.02 405.94 4.32 552.79 4.61 728.52 5.16 1174.08
0.0320 31.2 1.72 10.85 2.23 31.74 2.89 92.47 3.47 197.07 4.15 419.36 4.46 571.06 4.76 752.58 5.33 1212.83
0.0340 29.4 1.77 11.19 2.30 32.73 2.98 95.35 3.57 203.20 4.28 432.37 4.60 588.76 4.91 775.90 5.50 1250.39
0.0360 27.8 1.82 11.52 2.37 33.69 3.07 98.14 3.68 209.14 4.40 445.00 4.74 605.95 5.06 798.54 5.66 1286.85
0.0380 26.3 1.87 11.84 2.44 34.63 3.15 100.86 3.78 214.92 4.52 457.28 4.87 622.67 5.20 820.56 5.81 1322.32
0.0400 25.0 1.92 12.16 2.50 35.54 3.24 103.51 3.88 220.55 4.64 469.25 4.99 638.96 5.33 842.02 5.97 1356.87
0.0420 23.8 1.97 12.46 2.56 36.43 3.32 106.09 3.98 226.04 4.76 480.92 5.12 654.84 5.46 862.94 6.11 1390.56
0.0440 22.7 2.02 12.76 2.62 37.29 3.40 108.61 4.07 231.41 4.87 492.31 5.24 670.35 5.59 883.37 6.26 1423.46
0.0460 21.7 2.07 13.05 2.68 38.14 3.47 111.07 4.16 236.65 4.98 503.45 5.36 685.51 5.72 903.34 6.40 1455.62
0.0480 20.8 2.11 13.33 2.74 38.97 3.55 113.48 4.25 241.78 5.09 514.35 5.47 700.34 5.84 922.88 6.54 1487.09
0.0500 20.0 2.15 13.61 2.80 39.79 3.62 115.85 4.34 246.80 5.19 525.02 5.59 714.87 5.96 942.02 6.67 1517.91
0.0550 18.2 2.26 14.29 2.94 41.75 3.80 121.55 4.55 258.94 5.45 550.81 5.86 749.97 6.26 988.25 7.00 1592.37
0.0600 16.7 2.36 14.93 3.07 43.63 3.97 127.00 4.76 270.54 5.69 575.45 6.12 783.50 6.54 1032.43 7.31 1663.51
0.0650 15.4 2.46 15.55 3.20 45.43 4.13 132.23 4.95 281.66 5.93 599.09 6.38 815.67 6.80 1074.80 7.61 1731.75
0.0700 14.3 2.56 16.14 3.32 47.16 4.29 137.26 5.14 292.36 6.15 621.83 6.62 846.62 7.06 1115.57 7.90 1797.40
0.0750 13.3 2.65 16.72 3.43 48.83 4.44 142.11 5.32 302.69 6.37 643.77 6.85 876.49 7.31 1154.91 8.18 1860.76
0.0800 12.5 2.73 17.27 3.55 50.45 4.59 146.81 5.50 312.68 6.58 664.99 7.08 905.37 7.55 1192.95 8.45 1922.03
0.0850 11.8 2.82 17.81 3.66 52.01 4.73 151.36 5.67 322.36 6.78 685.56 7.30 933.37 7.79 1229.83 8.71 1981.42
0.0900 11.1 2.90 18.33 3.77 53.53 4.87 155.78 5.83 331.76 6.98 705.53 7.51 960.55 8.01 1265.64 8.97 2039.08
0.0950 10.5 2.98 18.84 3.87 55.01 5.00 160.08 6.00 340.90 7.17 724.96 7.71 986.99 8.23 1300.47 9.21 2095.17
89
Design: Hydraulic
Pipe flow capacity tables
Table 8 – Pipe flow capacity table – Pipe flowing full – Roughness Ks =0.60

100 150 225 300 400 450 500 600
0.0010 1000.0 0.23 1.84 0.31 5.45 0.40 16.06 0.49 34.45 0.59 73.75 0.63 100.66 0.68 132.91 0.76 214.87
0.0011 909.1 0.25 1.93 0.32 5.73 3.42 16.87 0.51 36.18 0.62 77.43 0.66 105.67 0.71 139.52 0.80 225.54
0.0012 833.3 0.26 2.02 0.34 5.99 0.44 17.64 0.54 37.83 0.64 80.95 0.69 110.48 0.74 145.84 0.83 235.74
0.0013 769.2 0.27 2.11 0.35 6.24 0.46 18.38 0.56 39.41 0.67 84.32 0.72 115.06 0.77 151.90 0.87 245.52
0.0014 714.3 0.28 2.19 0.37 6.49 0.48 19.09 0.58 40.93 0.70 87.57 0.75 119.48 0.80 157.74 0.90 254.93
0.0015 666.7 0.29 2.27 0.38 6.72 0.50 19.78 0.60 42.40 0.72 90.70 0.78 123.75 0.83 163.36 0.93 264.01
0.0016 625.0 0.30 2.35 0.39 6.95 0.51 20.44 0.62 43.82 0.75 93.73 0.80 127.88 0.86 168.81 0.96 272.79
0.0017 588.2 0.31 2.43 0.41 7.17 0.53 21.09 0.64 45.20 0.77 96.66 0.83 131.88 0.89 174.09 0.99 281.31
0.0018 555.6 0.32 2.50 0.42 7.39 0.55 21.71 0.66 46.53 0.79 99.51 0.85 135.77 0.91 179.21 1.02 289.58
0.0019 526.3 0.33 2.57 0.43 7.59 0.56 22.32 0.68 47.83 0.81 102.29 0.88 139.54 0.94 184.19 1.05 297.62
0.0020 500.0 0.34 2.64 0.44 7.80 0.58 22.92 0.69 49.10 0.84 104.99 0.90 143.23 0.96 189.05 1.08 305.45
0.0022 454.5 0.35 2.77 0.46 8.19 0.61 24.06 0.73 51.54 0.88 110.19 0.95 150.32 1.01 198.41 1.13 320.55
0.0024 416.7 0.37 2.90 0.44 8.56 0.63 25.15 0.76 53.88 0.92 115.17 0.99 157.10 1.06 207.35 1.18 334.98
0.0026 384.6 0.38 3.02 0.50 8.92 0.66 26.20 0.79 56.12 0.95 119.94 1.03 163.61 1.10 215.92 1.23 348.81
0.0028 357.1 0.40 3.14 0.52 9.27 0.68 27.21 0.82 58.27 0.99 124.53 1.07 169.87 1.14 224.18 1.28 362.13
0.0030 333.3 0.41 3.25 0.54 9.60 0.71 28.18 0.85 60.35 1.03 128.97 1.11 175.90 1.18 232.14 1.33 374.98
0.0032 312.5 0.43 3.36 0.56 9.92 0.73 29.13 0.88 62.36 1.06 133.25 1.14 181.75 1.22 239.85 1.37 387.41
0.0034 294.1 0.44 3.47 0.58 10.24 0.76 30.04 0.91 64.31 1.09 137.41 1.18 187.41 1.26 247.31 1.41 399.45
0.0036 277.8 0.45 3.57 0.60 10.54 0.78 30.92 0.94 66.20 1.13 141.44 1.21 192.90 1.30 254.56 1.45 411.15
0.0038 263.2 0.47 3.67 0.61 10.83 0.80 31.79 0.96 68.04 1.16 145.36 1.25 198.25 1.33 261.61 1.49 422.53
0.0040 250.0 0.48 3.77 0.63 11.12 0.82 32.63 0.99 69.83 1.19 149.19 1.28 203.46 1.37 268.48 1.53 433.61
0.0042 238.1 0.49 3.87 0.65 11.40 0.84 33.44 1.01 71.58 1.22 152.91 1.31 208.54 1.40 275.18 1.57 444.41
0.0044 227.3 0.50 3.96 0.66 11.68 0.86 34.24 1.04 73.29 1.25 156.55 1.34 213.50 1.43 281.72 1.61 454.97
0.0046 217.4 0.52 4.05 0.68 11.94 0.88 35.03 1.06 74.96 1.27 160.11 1.37 218.35 1.47 288.11 1.65 465.28
0.0048 208.3 0.53 4.14 0.69 12.20 0.90 35.79 1.08 76.59 1.30 163.59 1.40 223.09 1.50 294.37 1.68 475.38
0.0050 200.0 0.54 4.23 0.71 12.46 0.92 36.54 1.11 78.19 1.33 167.00 1.43 227.74 1.53 300.50 1.72 485.26
0.0055 181.8 0.57 4.44 0.74 13.08 0.96 38.35 1.16 82.06 1.39 175.24 1.50 238.96 1.61 315.30 1.80 509.15
0.0060 166.7 0.59 4.64 0.77 13.67 1.01 40.08 1.21 85.75 1.46 183.11 1.57 249.69 1.68 329.45 1.88 531.97
0.0065 153.8 0.62 4.84 0.81 14.24 1.05 41.74 1.26 89.29 1.52 190.66 1.63 259.98 1.75 343.01 1.96 553.85
0.0070 142.9 0.64 5.02 0.84 14.79 1.09 43.34 1.31 92.70 1.58 197.93 1.70 269.88 1.81 356.07 2.03 574.92
0.0075 133.3 0.66 5.20 0.87 15.32 1.13 44.88 1.36 95.99 1.63 204.94 1.76 279.43 1.88 368.66 2.11 595.24
0.0080 125.0 0.68 5.38 0.90 15.83 1.17 46.37 1.40 99.17 1.68 211.72 1.82 288.67 1.94 380.85 2.17 614.89
0.0085 117.6 0.71 5.55 0.92 16.32 1.20 47.81 1.45 102.25 1.74 218.29 1.87 297.63 2.00 392.66 2.24 633.94
0.0090 111.1 0.73 5.71 0.95 16.80 1.24 49.21 1.49 105.25 1.79 224.67 1.93 306.32 2.06 404.12 2.31 652.44
0.0095 105.3 0.75 5.87 0.98 17.27 1.27 50.58 1.53 108.16 1.84 230.88 1.98 314.78 2.11 415.27 2.37 670.43
0.0100 100.0 0.77 6.02 1.00 17.72 1.31 51.91 1.57 110.99 1.89 236.92 2.03 323.01 2.17 426.14 2.43 687.96
0.0110 90.9 0.81 6.32 1.05 18.60 1.37 54.47 1.65 116.46 1.98 248.57 2.13 338.89 2.28 447.07 2.55 721.74
0.0120 83.3 0.84 6.61 1.10 19.44 1.43 56.91 1.72 121.68 2.07 259.71 2.23 354.06 2.38 467.08 2.67 754.01
0.0130 76.9 0.88 6.88 1.15 20.24 1.49 59.26 1.79 126.69 2.15 270.39 2.32 368.62 2.48 486.27 2.78 764.97
0.0140 71.4 0.91 7.15 1.19 21.02 1.55 61.52 1.86 131.51 2.23 280.66 2.41 382.62 2.57 504.73 2.88 814.76
0.0150 66.7 0.94 7.40 1.23 21.76 1.60 63.70 1.93 136.17 2.31 290.58 2.49 396.13 2.66 522.55 2.98 843.50
0.0160 62.5 0.97 7.65 1.27 22.48 1.66 65.81 1.99 140.67 2.39 300.17 2.57 409.20 2.75 539.78 3.08 871.30
0.0170 58.8 1.00 7.89 1.31 23.18 1.71 67.85 2.05 145.03 2.46 309.46 2.65 421.86 2.83 556.48 3.18 898.25
0.0180 55.6 1.03 8.12 1.35 23.86 1.76 69.83 2.11 149.26 2.53 318.49 2.73 434.16 2.92 572.70 3.27 924.41
0.0190 52.6 1.06 8.34 1.39 24.52 1.80 71.76 2.17 153.38 2.60 327.26 2.81 446.12 3.00 588.47 3.36 949.85
0.0200 50.0 1.09 8.56 1.42 25.17 1.85 73.64 2.23 157.39 2.67 335.81 2.88 457.77 3.08 603.84 3.45 974.64
0.0220 45.5 1.14 8.99 1.49 26.41 1.94 77.26 2.34 165.12 2.80 352.29 3.02 480.23 3.23 633.45 3.62 1022.41
0.0240 41.7 1.20 9.39 1.56 27.59 2.03 80.73 2.44 172.51 2.93 368.04 3.15 501.69 3.37 661.75 3.78 1068.06
0.0260 38.5 1.25 9.78 1.63 28.73 2.11 84.05 2.54 179.60 3.05 383.15 3.28 522.27 3.51 688.89 3.93 1111.85
0.0280 35.7 1.29 10.15 1.69 29.83 2.19 87.24 2.64 186.42 3.16 397.68 3.41 542.07 3.64 715.00 4.08 1153.98
0.0300 33.3 1.34 10.51 1.75 30.88 2.27 90.32 2.73 193.00 3.28 411.70 3.53 561.18 3.77 740.20 4.23 1194.63
0.0320 31.2 1.38 10.86 1.81 31.90 2.35 93.30 2.82 199.36 3.38 425.27 3.64 579.67 3.89 764.57 4.36 1233.94
0.0340 29.4 1.43 11.20 1.86 32.89 2.42 96.19 2.91 205.53 3.49 438.41 3.76 597.58 4.01 788.19 4.50 1272.05
0.0360 27.8 1.47 11.53 1.92 33.85 2.49 99.00 2.99 211.52 3.59 451.17 3.87 614.97 4.13 811.13 4.63 1309.05
0.0380 26.3 1.51 11.85 1.97 34.79 2.56 101.73 3.07 217.34 3.69 463.59 3.97 631.89 4.24 833.43 4.76 1345.04
0.0400 25.0 1.55 12.16 2.02 35.70 2.63 104.39 3.15 223.01 3.79 475.68 4.08 648.36 4.36 855.16 4.88 1380.09
0.0420 23.8 1.59 12.46 2.07 36.59 2.69 106.98 3.23 228.55 3.88 487.47 4.18 664.43 4.46 876.35 5.00 1414.28
0.0440 22.7 1.62 12.76 2.12 37.45 2.75 109.51 3.31 233.95 3.97 498.99 4.28 680.13 4.57 897.04 5.12 1447.66
0.0460 21.7 1.66 13.05 2.17 38.30 2.82 111.98 3.38 239.23 4.06 510.25 4.37 695.47 4.67 917.27 5.24 1480.29
0.0480 20.8 1.70 13.33 2.21 39.13 2.88 114.40 3.46 244.40 4.15 521.26 4.47 710.47 4.77 937.06 5.35 1512.22
0.0500 20.0 1.73 13.61 2.26 39.94 2.94 116.78 3.53 249.46 4.23 532.05 4.56 725.17 4.87 956.45 5.46 1543.49
0.0550 18.2 1.82 14.28 2.37 41.90 3.08 122.50 3.70 261.69 4.44 558.11 4.78 760.68 5.11 1003.27 5.73 1619.03
0.0600 16.7 1.90 14.92 2.48 43.78 3.22 127.98 3.87 273.37 4.64 583.01 5.00 794.62 5.34 1048.01 5.98 1691.21
0.0650 15.4 1.98 15.53 2.58 45.58 3.35 133.23 4.03 284.58 4.83 606.89 5.20 827.16 5.56 1090.93 6.23 1760.44
0.0700 14.3 2.05 16.12 2.68 47.31 3.48 138.28 4.18 295.36 5.01 629.87 5.40 858.47 5.77 1132.22 6.46 1827.06
0.0750 13.3 2.13 16.69 2.77 48.98 3.60 143.15 4.33 305.76 5.19 652.05 5.59 888.69 5.97 1172.06 6.69 1891.33
0.0800 12.5 2.20 17.24 2.86 50.59 3.72 147.87 4.47 315.82 5.36 673.49 5.77 917.91 6.17 1210.60 6.91 1953.50
0.0850 11.8 2.26 17.78 2.95 52.16 3.83 152.44 4.61 325.58 5.52 694.28 5.95 946.24 6.36 1247.95 7.12 2013.75
0.0900 11.1 2.33 18.30 3.04 53.68 3.95 156.87 4.74 335.05 5.69 714.46 6.12 973.74 6.54 1284.21 7.33 2072.26
0.0950 10.5 2.39 18.80 3.12 55.15 4.05 161.19 4.87 344.26 5.84 734.09 6.29 1000.49 6.72 1319.48 7.53 2129.16

Design: Structural
Design
The structural design of the cross‑section of rigid clay pipes
is to ensure the optimum materials and embedments are
Clay pipe design
selected for a given installation.
The process of structural design is about effectively matching Introduction
Structural
the loads generated by the design environment (Fig 1 a) to Clay pipes rely on their embedment to distribute the loads
the load‑bearing capacity of the pipe, trench width and its imposed by vehicular surcharge loading and the depth of
embedment (Fig 1 b) which are selected by the designer to backfill to reduce the circumferential bending moments in the
achieve an appropriate factor of safety. pipe walls. The response of a clay pipe to the loading is to
settle marginally into its embedment until sufficient reaction
is achieved.
Fig. 1 – Design considerations
Vehicular
surcharge
Vehicular
Wide and narrow trench loading
loading
surcharge There are two installation conditions: pipes installed in wide
loading
trenches or embankments and pipes installed in narrow
trenches.
Both narrow and wide trench conditions should be calculated
Depth of cover
for the selected maximum trench width and the lower of
Depth of cover the two loads used in the design specifying the installation
Native soil
Conditions condition. If the design parameters cannot be controlled on
Native soil site with certainty, it is safer to assume the trench will be
Conditions
wide.
It is recommended that the wide trench condition is used in
the design parameters for clay pipes, as it does not matter
if the trench is dug wider than the design parameters. The
installation result will be safe and conservative.
Bedding factors
a) Factors to be considered in the design environment A bedding factor is the ratio by which a clay pipes crushing
strength is enhanced when installed using different
embedment classes. Fig. 2 page 95.
Trench width
The load bearing capacity of a clay pipeline in the ground
Trench width is the crushing strength of the pipe as given in table 2 page
Main backfill
15 multiplied by the bedding factor. e.g. 300mm diameter
Main backfill SuperSleve pipe, with a crushing strength of 72 kN/m x 2.5
Initial backfill (Class B or S) =180 kN/m
Pipe material
Initial backfill The purpose of the embedment is to distribute the vertical
and class Sidefill
Pipe material loads (and the corresponding support reaction) around the
Embedment
and class Sidefill pipe. For example, a minimal embedment such as class D or
Upper bedding
Embedment N hardly distributes the loads at all and results in a bedding
Influence of Upper bedding factor of 1.1 (see Fig. 2 page 95). Whereas a full embedment
pipe content Lower bedding
Influence of such as class S, provides a greater load distribution and
pipe content Lower bedding achieves a higher bedding factor of 2.5.
b) Factors to be considered – Designer controlled parameters
NOTE: This terminology is consistent with the definitions in BS EN 1610.
Minimum bedding factor and factor of safety
The process of structural design is about effectively matching
the imposed loads to the load bearing capacity of the pipeline
Clay pipe behaviour and its embedment to achieve an overall and appropriate
factor of safety. The required minimum bedding factor can be
calculated as the example below:
Clay pipe is classified as a rigid pipe material and has a low
strain capacity and high relative stiffness and is designed on Bedding factor =
the basis of its high inherent strength. Total load on the pipeline (soil load + traffic load) x Factor of safety (1.25)
Pipe crushing strength
The factor of safety for clay pipes is 1.25.
91
Design: Structural
Worked example
Design of a SuperSleve pipeline in accordance with BS 9295,
Clause 6 Rigid pipe design and Annex A.26.2
Clauses (i.e. 6.10.2), equations Eq (3) and tables listed in the following worked example, reference the appropriate parts of BS 9295.
Symbols used in the following worked example
Symbol Description Unit

Bc outside diameter of pipe m
Bd effective width of trench m
Cc soil load coefficient in embankment conditions –
Cw water load coefficient –
D mean diameter of pipe (measured to neutral axis of wall) m
Fm bedding factor –
Fse factor of safety for rigid pipe material (external load design) –
H depth of cover to top of pipe m
Ps vehicle surcharge pressure kN/m2
projection ratio –
rsd settlement deflection ratio –
t pipe wall thickness m
W'c soil load per unit length of pipe in embankment or wide trench conditions kN/m
Wcsu concentrated surcharge load per unit length of pipe kN/m
We total design external load per unit length of pipe kN/m
Wt crushing strength of rigid pipes (maximum load for clay pipes) kN/m
Ww weight of liquid content of pipe in kilonewtons per metre kg/m
unit weight of soil kN/m3
W unit weight of water kN/m3
Design criteria Design data

• 300 mm diameter clay pipe to BS EN 295-1, Class 240 Wide trench design
• Cover depth from road level to top of pipe = 6.0 m Internal diameter DN = 0.30 m
• Subject to main road loading Wall thickness t = 0.029 m
• Limited control over installation and trench width External diameter Bc = 0.358 m
Trench width Bd = Wide
Soil density = 19.6 kN/m3
If site investigation information is not available consider
using conservative properties in BS 9295 clause 6.6

Design
Wide trench load 6.10.2
W’c = Cc Bc
2
Eq (3)
From 6.5 rsd = 0.5 for bedding class B or S
Structural
Cc = 1.5 × (6.0/0.358) – 0.07 = 25.07 Table 7
W’c = 25.07 × 19.6 × 0.358 2
= 62.98 kN/m
Concentrated surcharge load 6.10.4

Wcsu = Ps Bc Eq (7)
From Table 2 H = 6.0, Ps = 15 kN/m2
Wcsu = 15 × 0.358 = 5.37 kN/m
Water load 6.10.5

Ww = Cw w (D–t)2/4 where Cw = 0.75 Eq (8)
D = 0.30 + 0.029 = 0.329
Ww = 0.75 × 9.81 × 3.142 × (0.329 – 0.029)2/4 = 0.52 kN/m
Total external load 6.10.6

We = W’c + Wcsu + Ww Eq (9)
= 62.98 + 5.37 + 0.52 = 68.87 kN/m
Bedding factor required 6.11

Fm ≥ We Fse/Wt (or W't) Eq (10)
Clay pipe Fse = 1.25 Table 8
Class 240 pipe Wt = 240 × 0.30 = 72kN/m
Fm ≥ 68.87 × 1.25/72 = 1.20
Note: See p92 for explanation of references, symbols, design criteria and design data used in this worked example.
With this result, you should therefore: This significant and ultimately safe headroom provides the
safety margin for current and future unforeseen site design
Provide Class F bedding in a wide trench condition where Fm
considerations (fig 1, p91) that may have a reducing effect
provides = 1.9
upon the level of support provided to the pipeline, leading
or to a safe installation for the long term.
Provide Class B or S bedding in a wide trench condition Specifying and installing Hepworth Clay protects the
where Fm provides = 2.5 reputation of both the specifier and the installer.
See Fig. 2 – Construction of trench beddings for clay pipes

(p95).
Additional margin of safety example
From table 9 (p94), a DN 300 clay pipe embedded within a 2.5
class F, B or S bedding can be laid between the depths of
0.6 – 10.0m
2.0
Bedding Factor – Fm
+108%
Additional margin of safety example
1.5 +58%
The result of the structural design calculation requires a
minimum bedding factor of 1.2, based upon the design 1.0
criteria, which has a safety factor of 1.25 built in.
The bedding class that should be selected for use must be 0.5
equal to or higher than that of the design requirement. In this
case Class F with a bedding factor of 1.9. This provides a level 0.0
Design Requirement (Fm 1.2) Class F (Fm 1.9) Class S (Fm 2.5)
of support that is +58% higher than the design requirement
Bedding Class
which is based upon conservative values. As is typical with
most specifications and site construction, a class S bedding
with a bedding factor of 2.5 is specified and used, this detail
provides a level of support that is +108% higher than the
design minimum requirement.
93
Design: Structural
Simplified bedding table for Loading conditions
SuperSleve and HepLine Loads have been calculated for pipes laid in trenches either
in main roads or in fields and gardens to cover the range of
vitrified clay pipes normal applications.
Table below has been simplified from the information given in Trench widths
the bedding construction tables available from the Clay Pipe
Table 9 assumes wide trench conditions. Full calculations for
Development Association (CPDA) and is compatible with the
narrow trenches could result in more economic excavation
method of calculation described in BS 9295. Guide to the
and use of bedding materials or greater depth of application
structural design of buried pipelines.
for the same pipe strength. The specified trench width and
The following parameters have been used. embedment design must be installed as per the specification
on site, if it is thought that this cannot be achieved on site use
Pipes and pipe strengths wide trench conditions instead.
Table 9 covers Hepworth SuperSleve and HepLine vitrified Depths of cover

clay pipes complying with the crushing strengths and classes
specified in BS EN 295-1. Pipe strengths may be specified Table 9 sets out the applicable ranges of depths of cover for
by class number as an alternative to crushing strength. Class each pipe size, pipe strength, loading condition and type of
number can be derived from the following formula. embedment, with a maximum depth shown limited to 10.0m.
Class number = Crushing strength x 1000 At shallower depths, particularly less than 0.6m, there might
Nominal diameter be additional considerations to be taken into account, as set
out in the technical notes starting on page 104 in this guide.
Pipe embedments and bedding factors
Table 9 and Fig. 2 shows rigid pipe embedment classes
D (1.1), N (1.1), F (1.9), B (2.5) and S (2.5).
Table 9 – Simplified bedding table for SuperSleve and HepLine vitrified clay pipes
Bedding Crushing
Nominal Bedding Pipe strength System Main roads Fields and
construction strength
diameter (mm) factor class type (m) gardens (m)
class (kN/m)
28 HepLine 0.4 - 5.7 0.4 – 6.0
100 D or N 1.1 –
40 SuperSleve 0.4 - 8.5 0.4 – 8.7
28 HepLine 0.4 - 10.0 0.4 - 10.0
F 1.9 –
40 SuperSleve 0.4 - 10.0 0.4 - 10.0
28 HepLine 0.4 - 10.0 0.4 - 10.0
B or S 2.5 –
40 SuperSleve 0.4 - 10.0 0.4 - 10.0
28 HepLine 0.7 - 3.4 0.6 - 4.0
150 D or N 1.1 –
40 SuperSleve 0.6 - 5.6 0.6 - 5.9
28 HepLine 0.6 - 6.9 0.6 - 7.1
F 1.9 –
40 SuperSleve 0.6 - 10.0 0.6 - 10.0
28 HepLine 0.9 - 9.3 0.6 - 9.4
B or S 2.5 –
40 SuperSleve 0.6 - 10.0 0.6 - 10.0
160 36 HepLine 0.9 - 2.7 0.6 - 3.5
225 D or N 1.1
200 45 SuperSleve 0.6 - 3.9 0.6 - 4.4
160 36 HepLine 0.6 - 5.9 0.6 - 6.2
F 1.9
200 45 SuperSleve 0.6 - 7.6 0.6 - 7.8
160 36 HepLine 0.6 - 8.0 0.6 - 8.2
B or S 2.5
200 45 SuperSleve 0.6 -10.0 0.6 - 10.0
160 48 HepLine 0.8 - 2.7 0.6 - 3.5
300 D or N 1.1
240 72 SuperSleve 0.6 - 5.1 0.6 - 5.4
160 48 HepLine 0.6 - 6.0 0.6 - 6.3
F 1.9
240 72 SuperSleve 0.6 - 9.3 0.6 - 9.5
160 48 HepLine 0.6 - 8.1 0.6 - 8.3
B or S 2.5
240 72 SuperSleve 0.6 - 10.0 0.6 - 10.0

Design
Fig. 2 – Construction of trench beddings for clay pipes
Class D Bedding Factor 1.1 Class N Bedding Factor 1.1 Class F Bedding Factor 1.9
150mm min
150mm min
Structural
150mm min
a
a
Trimmed trench bottom. Granular material bed

Single size granular material bed.
Generally suitable for all conditions.
Class B Bedding Factor 2.5 Class S Bedding Factor 2.5 Bedding Factor 4.5
150mm m in
/4 Bc150mm
150mm min
min
a
a
2 Bc
1/ Bc150mm 1
1/
min
a
a
11/2 Bc
Granular bed and haunch. Bc+300mm
Granular surround.
min
Generally suitable for all soil conditions. Generally suitable for all soils. Plain concrete surround.
Generally suitable for all conditions. but for rock in
mining areas, use granular base course.
Dimension a key
In machine-dug uniform soils: Graded or all-in aggregate or

compacted sand or suitable as-dug
a = For sleeve jointed pipes, a minimum of 50mm or 1/6 Bc material.
whichever is the greater. Fill selected from excavated material
and lightly compacted by hand.*
In rock or mixed soils containing rock bands, boulders, large
flints or stones or other irregular hard spots:
Undisturbed natural soil.
a = For sleeve jointed pipes, a minimum of 150mm or 1/4 Bc,
whichever is the greater.
For a concrete surround the bedding factor is 4.5. For a Concrete 28 days cube strength to be
reinforced concrete surround, an increased bedding factor at least 20 MN/m2.
of 4.8 can be used, provided that the area of transverse steel
is at least 1.0% both above and below the pipe, and there
Single-size granular material.
is vertical steel jointing this main steel. This bedding factor
has been derived from the 4.8 for a 1.0% reinforced concrete
arch. A concrete arch is not a practicable construction.
*Selected fill: Selected fill should be readily compactable,
free from timber, frozen material, vegetable and foreign
matter exclude hard lumps of clay retained on a 100mm
sieve and stones on a 40mm sieve.
95
Design: Chemical resistance
Clay pipes, couplings and since these can adversely affect the rubber sealing rings.
Any such contamination should be identified in the soil
sealing ring selection investigation report. Specific advice should be sought in these
cases from the Hepworth Clay Technical Advisory Service.
The SuperSleve drainage system has two rubber sealing ring Vitrified Clay pipes are ideally suited for brownfield site
options, EPDM and Nitrile. Each has a specific capability and applications involving direct contact with contaminated
therefore resistance to contamination found in discharged ground. The same considerations should apply to the
effluent, groundwater and sub-soil. coupling and sealing ring material. Additional precautions
Chemical contaminants typically originate from effluent inside sometimes need to be taken. This can be surrounding the
a pipeline, usually identified by the production and cleaning pipeline with imported uncontaminated fill and in extreme
process of a factory. Hydrocarbon contaminants are typically cases wrapping the pipe joints with a suitable barrier
found in the subsoils and groundwaters outside of the material. In sulphate bearing ground clay pipes with normal
pipeline and are detailed in the soil investigation report. EPDM seals are appropriate.
The ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM) sealing Vitrified Clay pipe systems are the ideal choice for systems
ring is capable of resisting effluent within the pH range 2 to that are prone to stagnant sewage and septicity, they are
12 at normal ambient temperatures. Surges of pH outside unaffected by the effects of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) build up.
these limits can be accommodated provided that the pipeline The evaluation of effluents and selection of appropriate pipe
is subsequently flushed with water or aqueous waste within materials can be complex and difficult. Further guidance on
these limits. EPDM sealing rings are particularly suitable for the resistance of materials to various chemicals is available in
general chemical and acid and alkali conditions. It is difficult “The specification, design and construction of drainage and
to give precise limits of acceptability that will cover all cases, sewerage systems using vitrified clay pipes.” published by
since any combination of concentration, temperature and the Clay Pipe Development Association (CPDA) and in table
composition will affect the nature of the effluent. 10 below.
The EPDM sealing ring is held captive in a Polypropylene The clay pipes themselves are resistant to most chemicals
coupling, which itself has a very high order of chemical with the exception of hydrofluoric acid (HF).
resistance.
Further help and advice on the performance of clay pipe
The Nitrile sealing ring is capable of resisting contamination systems and their resistance to chemicals can be obtained
involving oil and petrol type (hydrocarbon) contamination. by contacting the Hepworth Clay Technical Advisory Service.
Caution should be exercised if organic solvents are present,
Table 10 – General guidance for resistance of materials to chemical contamination

No At normal Containing At high Soil environment
Organic
Material chemical temperature oils and fats temperature containing
solvents
contamination Acids Alkalis Vegetable Mineral Acids Alkalis Sulphates Acids
Clayware
pipes and A S S S S S A A S S
fittings
Nitrile Rubber A A A E A A E A A A
EPDM Rubber A A A E A E A A A A
Polypropylene A S S A S A A A S S
A = normally suitable
E = need expert advice, each case to be considered on its own merits
S = specially suitable
Note: It is important to take account of quantities and concentrations on all types of chemical likely to be encountered.

Design: Product specification
Design
Manufacturer details: Brownfield sites
Wavin Limited Brownfield sites should be the first choice for redevelopment
Edlington Lane land. Often brownfield sites have been used for commercial
Edlington and industrial purposes before being left derelict and
Product specification
Doncaster possibly contaminated.
DN12 1BY
Brownfield sites offer a challenging environment to the
T: 0844 856 5165 specification of any drainage system. The challenges relate
E: [email protected] to the likely presence of chemical contaminants and debris
W: hepworthclay.co.uk of previous construction, sub-surface voids and high-water
tables. These factors call for a vitrified clay pipeline with
Technical tools, and How to Videos can all be accessed from
inherently high structural strength and bending moment
the Hepworth Clay web site www.hepworthclay.co.uk
resistance. The mass of the pipeline also resists floatation.
Overview – Hepworth Clay Chemical and hydrocarbon hot spots are often removed from
site where practicable, however some level of contamination
SuperSleve and HepLine clay drainage system comprises may remain. Vitrified clay pipelines offer the best protection
a range of vitrified clay pipes, bends, junctions and fittings as they are chemically inert and resistant to attack from
available in 100mm, 150mm, 225mm and 300mm diameters. virtually all chemicals.
SuperSleve is suitable for use in adoptable sewers, housing, The standard rubber sealing rings (EPDM) are suitable for all
commercial, industrial and highway applications. Correctly domestic drainage applications and non-contaminated sites.
installed it has a lifetime expectancy of over 100 years. They have a pH range of 2 to 12 making them suitable for
general chemical and acid/alkali conditions. Special purpose
SuperSleve Specification Clause Nitrile rubber sealing rings are suitable for applications
involving hydrocarbons, (petrol, diesel and oil type
SuperSleve – for foul and surface water applications, contamination) either in the ground or the effluent.
manufactured to:
Further help and advice on the specification of Hepworth
BS EN 295-1 Vitrified clay pipe systems for drains and Clay drainage systems can be obtained by contacting the
sewers. Requirements for pipes, fittings and joints. Hepworth Clay Technical Advisory Service.
Drains and sewers from 100mm to 300mm diameter shall be
constructed using Hepworth SuperSleve Vitrified Clay Pipes, HepLine Specification Clause
fittings and push fit flexible couplings with EPDM rubber sealing
rings kitemarked to BS EN 295-1, joint system E. Installed in HepLine – for subsoil infiltration and exfiltration
accordance with the manufacturers recommendations with applications manufactured to:
the following minimum pipe crushing strengths. BS EN 295-5 Vitrified clay pipe systems for drains and
sewers. Requirements for perforated pipes and fittings
Minimum Pipe Crushing strength
100 mm – 40 kN/m Pipe class – not applicable Land Drains from 100mm to 300mm diameter shall be
constructed using Hepworth HepLine Vitrified Clay Pipes,
150 mm – 40 kN/m Pipe class – not applicable fittings and push fit flexible couplings with EPDM rubber sealing
225 mm – 45 kN/m Class 200 rings kitemarked to BS EN 295-5, joint system E. Installed in
accordance with the manufacturers recommendations with
300 mm – 72 kN/m Class 240 the following minimum pipe crushing strengths.
Minimum Pipe Crushing strength

Lifetime Jetting Guarantee
100 mm – 28 kN/m Pipe class – not applicable
Hepworth SuperSleve clay pipes are
guaranteed for the system lifetime 150 mm – 28 kN/m Pipe class – not applicable
against penetration of the pipe wall 225 mm – 36 kN/m Class 160
caused by the following jetting criteria:
300 mm – 48 kN/m Class 160
• High pressure water jet used at a
pressure of up to 7,500 psi (517 bar) Further details for site work can be found in the installation
section in this document.
• At a flow rate not exceeding 20 gallons
per minute (1.5 litres per second) Product specification clauses can also be accessed via
the NBS website ribaproductselector.com. Search for
• Held immobile for a constant period of not
Hepworth Clay.
more than 5 minutes
* When laid in accordance with our instructions
and the requirements of the codes of practice
and guides relevant to their use.
97
Installation

Installation
Installation
Planning, delivery, handling and storage
Planning Handling
Before delivery takes place, thought should be given Fittings in shrink-wrapped packs can be off-loaded in a similar
to the locations and sequence in which the various items manner to pipes. A solid surface is needed for operation of
Planning, delivery, handling and storage

will be used, so that delivery, receipt and storage can be the trailer mounted forklift. Packs should be set down on a
arranged accordingly. reasonably level, hard surface.
It is important that good care is taken on site to prevent When mechanical off-loading is not required, it is the
unnecessary wastage of materials and time and for the responsibility of the contractor to off-load the lorry.
prevention of problems after laying thus causing delay and Arrangements should be made for a forklift of adequate
additional expense. capacity to be available in order to avoid delay.
Layout drawings should be checked to avoid expensive All equipment should be regularly tested and certified to
adjustments at a later stage. comply with the requirements of the Health & Safety Executive.
Delivery Storage
Mechanical Off-Loading (M.O.L) by Trailer Mounted Forklift is Ideally pipes and fittings should be kept in their original
available on request for direct to site deliveries only. delivery packing, stored on level ground.
Not available for branch deliveries.
Couplings and lubricant should be stored in their packaging
You should be aware that there is limited availability of or containers in cool dark conditions until they are required
mechanical off-load vehicles, and in busy periods there to be used. Long term exposure to ultra-violet light may
may be a lead time for this service. cause deterioration of the materials.
A stable, clean and level surface is required for operation If a heavy frost is expected on site it is good practice to
of the trailer mounted forklift equipment. protect any building material items from frost damage by
covering with a large tarpaulin.
Clay Drainage is ideally off-loaded by forklift or by
M.O.L vehicle.
99
Installation
Dismantling a Hepworth Clay pipe pack
Care should be taken when removing pipes from pipe packs.

See below or watch the video for the correct method for dismantling 100 and 150mm SuperSleve pipe packs:
Always ensure the pipe pack is on firm When ready for use, cut all the safety Do NOT cut the metal wires at any time
and stable ground. strapping bands. on SuperSleve pipe packs.
For the top row: Lift down the pipe from the Then lift down the opposite pipe. Working inwards to maintain pack
outside of the top row of the pipe pack. stability, slide the next three pipes out
parallel and lift down.
The next row of six pipes are held by • Safely secure the metal wires out of Continue to the base of the pack with the
the metal wires. the way alternating layers in the same sequence.
• 2 people need to roll the two outside • Lift the top two pipes down and then
pipes to the top of the pipe pack at the remaining four pipes
the same time
The video is available on youtube.com/WavinUK. Select the Hepworth Clay playlist.
Table 11 – Pipe pack dimensions and weights
Approx. Dimensions of Pack (mm)

Nominal Length of No. per
Weight of
Dia.(mm) Pipe (m) Pack Height Width Depth
Pack (kg)
100 1.6 102 1540 1430 1100 1600
100 1.6 51 775 770 1100 1600
150 1.75 55 1715 1710 1090 1750
150 1.75 33 1099 1070 1090 1750
225 1.75 24 1450 1870 1200 1850
225 1.75 12 730 930 1200 1850
300 2.0 15 2080 2110 1180 2100
300 2.0 9 1252 1240 1180 2100
300 2.0 6 838 830 1180 2100

Installation: Pipe laying
Installation
Trench excavation and formation
Trench excavation Trench formation

Trenches should not be excavated too far in advance of pipe To ensure uniform support along the pipeline, it is essential
laying and should always be kept to the specified design to remove all hard or soft spots which may cause differential
Pipe laying
width. Excessively wide trenches increase the amount of settlement, and replace them with tamped, selected backfill.
excavation, bedding and backfilling, and may impose a load
The important points to remember when forming and
on the pipe in excess of the design load. Excavations for
stabilising trenches are:
inspection chambers may need to be wider, but care should
be taken to minimise their width and length. • The nature of the ground
Table 12 gives recommended trench widths. These are used • The depth of the trench
to determine external loads on pipelines in narrow trenches.
• The depth of water table and permeability of the soil.
Ground water should be kept below the bottom of the
Table 12 – Recommended trench widths trench by the use of suitable de-watering techniques,
and the water level should not be allowed to rise before
Nominal Diameter (mm) Recommended Overall
backfilling is complete
Trench Width (m)
• The requirement for trench supports and selection of
100 0.45
the system must consider the applied loads, services
150 0.6 crossing and handling equipment required
225 0.7 • Removal of hard or soft spots
300 0.8 • The location of new and existing structures
The trench width should not be less than
the pipe diameter plus 300mm • The influence of construction and surface imposed loads
• Material stacked near the trench
Trenches narrower than those shown above may impede the • The use of a mechanical excavator, its capacity
proper placing and consolidation of bedding material around and size of excavator bucket to ensure correct width of
the pipe and restrict working conditions in the trench during trench to comply with the design specification
pipe laying. • Working space to access the trench
Where a specific trench width is defined for the narrow trench • Weather conditions
design condition, this must be maintained vertically to a
height of at least 300mm above the crown of the pipe. • Timescale
Selected material and where required, subsoil and topsoil • The finished trench bottom must be to the correct line
should be put aside for backfilling at a later stage. If and gradient.
applicable, buried services such as gas, electricity and water
should be uncovered with extreme care.
The position of underground services should be established
by checking records and the use of ‘locators’. Mechanical
excavators should not be used in the vicinity of underground
utilities. All excavated material should be placed outside a
45° line drawn from the bottom of the trench. (Fig. 3)
Adequate trench support should be provided in all cases
where the depth is greater than 1.2m and where necessary to
ensure stability and safety. In unstable ground, such as moving
sand or silt additional measures such as de-watering or
consolidation by freezing or other means as may be necessary.
Trench wall supports should be appropriate to the pipe length
being installed and method and location of excavation. The
Fig. 3
proximity of traffic, retaining walls or any other underground Excavated material
features should be established as they may require special
support arrangements during the excavation.
Trenches should be kept free from water, where possible, and
the trench formation should not be disturbed by foot traffic.
101
Bedding requirements
General Pipes near buildings

Prior to the commencement of pipe-laying, the components Trenches within 1m of load bearing walls should be filled with
should be inspected for damage during handling, transport and concrete at least to level of underside of the foundation.
storage. All material and equipment required for carrying out Where the distance is more than 1m from the wall, the concrete
the work in accordance with the specification and Health and fill should be to a level below the underside of the foundation
Safety Regulations should be assembled. equal to the distance from the wall to the near side of the
trench, less 150mm.
The use of mechanical push-fit joints allows pipe laying to keep
up with trench excavation and also allows testing to be carried
out immediately after laying. Fig. 4 – Laying pipes near buildings
For pipe pack dismantling procedure, see page 100. When D is less than 1m, concrete fill to level of
When D is less
foundation than 1m, concrete fill to level of
bottom.
The following pages show standard pipe laying for vitrified foundation bottom.
clay pipes. Structural Concrete
Structural Concrete
C20P
This section also includes a number of Technical Notes: C20P
Technical Note 1 Laying pipes in soft ground
Technical Note 2 Laying pipes in waterlogged ground
Technical Note 3 Pipes passing through structures
Technical Note 4 Concrete bedding to pipes
Technical Note 5 Pipe under buildings
Technical Note 6 Pipes at shallow depths When D is 1m or more, concrete fill to within
When D is of
1mlevel
or more, concretebottom.
fill to within
D-150mm of foundation
D-150mm of level of foundation bottom.
Technical Note 7 Recycled aggregate Structural Concrete
Structural Concrete
C20P
C20P
Protection of pipelines
during construction
Until the final surface is placed, do not allow heavy traffic
to cross the trenches. Use steel plates or suitable alternative
to bridge the trench where such traffic is unavoidable.

Pipe bedding Class F (Bedding factor 1.9) Class B (Bedding factor 2.5)
Installation
Class F bedding is suitable for use Class B bedding resists higher loading
The load-bearing capacity of an where the trench bottom cannot be conditions. The bedding material
installed pipeline depends on the accurately hand-trimmed with a spade. extends up to the mid-point of the pipe
construction of a suitable bedding Excavate the trench to a depth of at enabling the use of as dug material to
and surround. The bedding should least 50mm below the pipe, increasing complete the sidefill and initial backfill
level out any irregularities in the trench this in rocky ground to 150mm. Form a if suitable.
formation and ensure uniform support bed for the pipe from granular material,
along the pipe barrel. This bedding class provides greater
well compacted and covering the
structural support whilst providing
full trench width. Coupling recesses
an economic installation solution by
Clay pipes are high strength rigid units should be taken out and the pipe
returning more excavated sub-soils
which have been designed to carry barrel rested firmly on its bedding.
to the trench.
applied loads with no deformation. Any granular material used should be
Additional bedding and sidefill can, packed by slicing under the pipe with
Pipe laying
if necessary, enhance the pipes’ load a spade. Class S (Bedding factor 2.5)
carrying capacity. Correctly sized Class S bedding resists higher loading
granular materials which can be conditions. This bedding class is an
primary or recycled aggregates should alternative to class B bedding where
be placed to the required level and the as dug material is unsuitable for
extend the full width of the trench. use as sidefill and initial backfill.
Bricks or blocks must never be placed
in the bedding material for setting the
pipes to level. Fig. 5 – Bedding
a. Natural trench (Class D) d. Haunch (Class B)
Class D (Bedding factor 1.1)
Class D bedding is suitable for use
where the trench bottom can be
accurately hand-trimmed with a spade,
supporting the pipe along its length.
Coupling recesses should be made
and the pipe barrel rested firmly on the
trench bottom. b. As-dug material (Class N) e. Surround (Class S)
Class N (Bedding factor 1.1)

Class N bedding is suitable for use
where the trench bottom cannot be
accurately hand-trimmed with a spade.
Excavate the trench to a depth of at
least 50mm below the pipe, increasing
this in rocky ground to 150mm. Form Key
c. Flat bed (Class F)
a bed for the pipe from as-dug, if
suitable, or granular material, well Selected backfill
compacted and covering the full trench
width. Coupling recesses should be As dug material
made and the pipe barrel rested firmly
on its bedding. Granular material
Bc = Outside diameter
a For sleeve jointed pipes minimum of 50mm or 1/6 Bc, whichever is the
greater under the barrel. In material containing rock or hard spots a minimum
of 150mm or 1/4 Bc whichever is the greater.
Table 13 – Sizing of bedding material
Nominal bore Size (mm) Size (mm)

of pipe (mm) Single sized Graded
100 10
150 10, 14 14 to 5
225 10, 14 or 20 14 to 5 or 20 to 5
300 10, 14 or 20 14 to 5 or 20 to 5
103
Laying pipes in soft ground (TN1)
Where the trench formation has little bearing strength and Fig. 6 – Class F bedding construction
therefore will not support pipe bedding material effectively, in soft ground
it is necessary to provide a stable formation before pipe
laying. Such conditions most commonly occur in peat, silty
ground, soft to very soft alluvial clays, running sand, or in
artificially filled ground.
Although trench formations are sometimes stabilised with
Main Back Fill
concrete, this is unlikely to assure long-term stability in all
150mm
min
cases, and a form of flexible bedding construction is the
Selected Back Fill
preferred method of dealing with this situation.
The trench formation and manhole base should be
overexcavated by 600-800mm, depending Granular
on theBedding
bearing
strength of the ground. Gravel reject material or small
hardcore, less than 75mm, is then compacted in layers
Concrete to
Blinding
form a firm trench bottom. A 50mm thickness of leanmix
a
concrete is then placed as a blinding layer. The pipe is
Compacted Gravel
mm
50
then laid on granular bedding material. These
Rejectsdetails areHardcore
or small
illustrated in Figure 6.
Note: Dimension
The pipe bedding construction requirements are‘a’, the depth of the
calculated
in the normal way, for example by bedding
using material below
the CPDA’s the pipe, is
Bedding
150mm.
Tables or Simplified tables of external loads on buried pipelines.
It is important that ‘wide trench’ design criteria are used
600mm
because ‘narrow trench’ conditions cannot be guaranteed in
min
this situation. The extra depth of granular bedding material
shown in Figure 6, 150mm for sleeve-jointed pipes, rather
than the usual 50mm, is required because of the hard nature
of the constructed trench bottom. For a class ‘F’ bedding,
selected backfill material is then placed to 150mm above
the pipe and compacted before the main backfill is placed.
Where class ‘B’ or class ‘S’ beddings are required, additional
bedding material will either partially or wholly replace the
selected backfill material.
Where groundwater exists at a level above the interface
between the rejects and the new trench bottom, the procedure
detailed in Laying pipes in waterlogged ground – Technical
Note 2, page 105 should also be applied. The geotextile Main Back Fill
150mm
should surround both the material in the base of the trench
min
as well as the pipe bedding material. Selected Back Fill
The use of a geotextile around the compacted material in the Granular Bedding
base of the trench will also assist compaction in exceptionally
soft ground conditions, as well as limiting the movement Concrete Blinding
a
of fines.
Compacted Gravel
mm
50
Rejects or small Hardcore
Note: Dimension ‘a’, the depth of the

bedding material below the pipe, is
150mm.
600mm
min

Installation
Laying pipes in waterlogged ground (TN2)
Main Back Fill
Moving groundwater at a level above trench formation in Fig. 7 – Use of Geotextile material around pipe
fine grained soils can reduce the support strength of pipe bedding Pipe Bedding/surround
in waterlogged Material
ground
beddings. Granular bedding material encourages water
movement and this washes fines out of the surrounding
ground, causing a loss of support to the bedding and
Pipe laying
pipeline. This may occur particularly in peat, silty ground,
soft to very soft alluvial clays, running sand or artificially
filled ground.
The traditional method of dealing with this problem was to
include a proportion of coarse sand in the bedding material
in order to fill the interstices which might otherwise take
up the fine material from around the trench. This limits the
movement of fines, but the bedding material requires much
more compaction than if it were single sized or graded.
A more effective method is to wrap the whole of the bedding
construction, including any additional compacted material in
the trench bottom as detailed for poor ground, in geotextile
fabric as shown in Figure 7.
This will allow the movement of water through the bedding
material, but will tend to prevent the movement of fine
material, and retain it in the ground around the trench.
In such conditions measures are also needed to prevent
similar movement of fines under manholes. The geotextile
construction should be continued around the outside of
the manhole excavation and under any manhole bedding
material. The specification for the geotextile, particularly
the pore size, should be related to the nature of the fines in
the ground, and specialist advice might need to be sought. Geotextile wrapped over
pipe bedding/surround
Prior to commencing pipe laying it is essential to satisfactorily
dewater the trench formation. Any well point dewatering must
also be suitably filtered to prevent continuous removal of fine Main Back Fill
sand and silts. Sump pumping from the end of the trench is
not recommended even when filtered, as instability of the Pipe Bedding/surround Material
formation can arise.
Care should be exercised when using ‘trench box’ or similar
trench support systems in waterlogged fine grained soils
because the pipe and bedding are likely to be disturbed when
the support is moved or removed. Backfilling should proceed
progressively as the support system is removed.
Geotextile wrapped over pipe

bedding/surround
105
Pipes passing through structures (TN3)
Where a pipeline is built into any structure differential Fig. 8 – Plan view of typical inspection chamber
settlement will take place. This occurs at any manhole,
inspection chamber, groundbeam or concrete surround
and must be allowed for in detail design.
A risk of a pipe failure occurring at this point may be obviated
by providing a flexible joint close to the face of the structure,
allowing for the joint to be properly made and to move freely.
A short length ‘rocker’ pipe should be laid next before any
full length pipes are used, as illustrated in Figure 8 and 9.
The first joint should be within 150mm of the face of the
structure.
The length of the rocker pipe should be no longer than
600mm for pipe diameters up to and including 300mm.
Flexible Joint
Where very large differential settlements may be anticipated, X = Maximum 150mm
the number of short length pipes should be increased. Shallow Y = Rocker pipe length –
gradients should be avoided in this situation, in order to minimise Maximum 600mm
the possibility of backfalls occurring.
The effects of differential settlement may also be overcome
by the provision of a relieving arch or lintel over the pipeline Fig. 9 – Diagrammatic sections showing pipes
as it passes through a structure as shown in Figure 9 (b). passing through walls
A gap of not less than 50mm must be left around the pipe
and effectively sealed to prevent the entry of gas, bedding
material or rodents. This is not an easy requirement to fulfil.
Flexible joints should be incorporated close to the structure,
even where this procedure is adopted.
Where a pipeline is to pass close under a groundbeam,
the groundbeam may be treated as a lintel. The pipeline
should be isolated from the groundbeam by, for example,
a slab of expanded polystyrene of at least 50mm thickness
placed under the groundbeam as illustrated in Pipelines
under buildings – Technical Note 5, page 109.
a. Pipe built-in to structure
Alternatively, where ground conditions are suitable, the beam
may be lowered to incorporate the pipeline as a built-in
structure. In both cases, flexible joints should be provided
close to both sides of the beam, with the appropriate
associated rocker pipes.
b. Pipe through lintelled opening
Flexible Joint
X = Maximum 150mm
Y = Rocker pipe length – Maximum 600mm

Installation
Concrete bedding to pipes (TN4)
Bedding or surrounding a pipe in concrete may be required All concrete for pipe bedding should be of structural quality,
in some cases. The indiscriminate use of concrete for pipe minimum C20/25, and should be thoroughly compacted into
beddings can cause problems unless carefully specified place. Care should be taken in placing concrete so as not
procedures are adopted as set out in this Technical Note. to move pipes or construction joints.
Pipe laying
The trench formation should provide a firm foundation for No load shall be applied within the 24 hour period immediately
the concrete bed or its value in strengthening the pipeline after the completion of placing the concrete, except for an
will be lost. It may therefore be necessary to seal or firm up uncompacted protective layer of selected backfill material.
the trench bottom before laying the concrete bedding using Mechanical compaction should not be used and traffic loads
a blinding layer of weak concrete or granular material. It may should not be imposed until at least 72 hours after completion
also be necessary to excavate soft spots and compact in of concreting. This is to allow the concrete to reach a high
some more suitable material, such as granular bedding enough strength to resist backfill and compaction loads,
material or small hardcore. usually quoted as 14 MN/m2.
It is important that the following minimum dimensions for Unreinforced and reinforced concrete beddings and surround
concrete bedding or surround are used in order to ensure are illustrated in Fig. 10, p108.
that the specified bedding factors are realised. Any concrete
The use of concrete arches is not recommended because it is
bed or surround should extend at least 150mm either side
difficult to ensure adequate support at the sides of the pipes.
of the pipe. The depth of concrete below the pipe, and above
Additionally, the width of the top of the concrete, rather than the
the pipe for a surround, should be at least 150mm or one
outside diameter of the pipe, is used to calculate the load on
quarter of the outside diameter, whichever is the greater.
the pipe/bed construction. This higher load can counterbalance
The flexibility of a pipeline bedded on or surrounded with the higher bedding strength of the arch or surround.
concrete should normally be maintained by the provision
For reinforced concrete beds, the minimum transverse steel
of flexible construction joints through the concrete at each
area should not be less than 0.4% of the area of the concrete
pipe joint.
in longitudinal section.
Where more uniform support of the pipeline is found, the
If the area of transverse steel is increased to 1.0% of the
construction joints may be less frequent. However, it is
concrete area in longitudinal section in a concrete bed and
recommended that they are no more than 5m apart.
surround both above and below the pipe, the bedding factor
These should be made from bitumen impregnated insulating may be increased up to 4.8. This bedding factor has been
board complying with BS EN 622-4, or other equally derived from the 4.8 for a 1.0% reinforced concrete arch.
compressible material such as expanded polystyrene.
The area of vertical steel within the reinforced surround
The board should be cut to fit the pipes, and placed at the and longitudinal steel in bedding or surround is nominal for
face of sockets or at one end of sleeve joints. construction purposes, where flexibility at joints is maintained.
Where large shear forces may be expected to occur at
construction joints because of heavy imposed loads, it
is preferable to omit flexible construction joints and to
longitudinally reinforce the concrete bed to obviate possible
excess shear forces causing pipeline failure.
Examples are on shallow pipelines under main roads or on
very deep pipelines. However, it is necessary to introduce
one flexible construction joint at least every 5m length,
keeping the longitudinal reinforcement continuous, so as
to avoid problems due to the expansion and shrinkage of
the concrete. This construction joint should be positioned
at the face of a pipe joint.
107
Concrete bedding to pipes (TN4)
Fig. 10 – Plain and reinforced beddings

and surrounds
1 ≥150
½Bc
Bc 1 1 ≥150
≥150
1 1 ≥150
≥150
½B½B
c c
1 B B 1 ½B½B
c c c c
Bc Bc
1 1 1 1
Bc Bc
1 1 1 1
2 2
Bc Bc Bc Bc
Bc Bc Bc Bc
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
a. Unreinforced concrete surround. Bedding factor b. Reinforced concrete bed. Bedding factor 3.4
4.5 (maximum diameter 600 mm). Reference: ASCE (0.4% steel)
Gravity sanitary sewer design and construction [1]
1 ≥150
½Bc
Bc
1 1 ≥150
≥150
1 1 ≥150
≥150
1 1 ½B½B
c c
Bc Bc ½B½B
c c
Bc Bc
Bc
1 1 Bc 1 1
1 1 1 1 2
2
Bc Bc
Bc Bc
Bc Bc
Bc Bc
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
c. Reinforced concrete surround. Bedding factor 4.8 d. Unreinforced concrete bed. Bedding factor 2.6
(4 × 1% steel). Reference: TRRL Simplified tables [2]
Key
1 = The larger of ¼Bc or 150mm [1] AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS and WATER POLLUTION CONTROL
FEDERATION. Gravity sanitary sewer design and construction, Reston, Virginia:
ASCE Publications, 1982.
2 = The larger of 1½Bc or Bc + 300mm
[2] YOUNG, O.C., BRENNAN, G. and M.P. O’REILLY. Simplified tables of external
= Main backfill loads on buried pipelines. Transport and Road Research Laboratory, Department
of Transport. London: HMSO, 1986.
= Selected backfill
= Structural concrete

Installation
Pipelines under buildings (TN5)
Where a pipeline passes under a building, it is necessary to Additional flexibility should be incorporated into the pipeline
both protect it from any imposed loadings and ensure that as it leaves any concrete surround, as set out in Pipes
the stability of the building is not impaired. passing through structures – Technical Note 3, page 106.
Where a pipeline has less than 300mm cover under a load- In normal stable ground conditions, and with 300mm or
Pipe laying
bearing floor slab, it should be surrounded with concrete more cover to the pipeline beneath the slab, then a total
integral with the slab. Ideally this should be poured at the granular surround can be used as the pipe bedding. Where
same time as the floor slab. The concrete surround should the pipeline subsequently passes under or through the edge
be tied to the slab with nominal steel reinforcement placed of the building, it should be treated as shown in Technical
vertically with turned over ends. If it is not possible to pour Note No. 3. It may be practicable to lower an edge-beam
the concrete surround at the same time as the slab, the to incorporate the pipeline as a built-in structure, or it may
steel reinforcement should be included and used to tie be preferred to pass under the beam with minimum cover,
two pours together. No provisions for flexibility within the treating it as a lintel.
concrete surround should be made, unless an expansion
These details are illustrated in Fig. 11.
joint is included in the slab. A construction joint as described
in Concrete bedding to pipes – Technical Note 4, page 107,
should be included within the pipe surround at that point
which must also be coincident with a pipe joint.
Fig. 11 – Vitrified clay pipeline under typical building slab
Groundbeam
300mm min
formed void
50mm min
Vertical Reinforcement
Flexible joint Granular Bedding Structural slab/beam Concrete surround
X = Maximum 150mm Y = Rocker pipe length – Maximum 600mm
109
Laying pipes at shallow depths (TN6)
Most specifications for drainage or sewerage pipelines The flexibility of a pipeline bedded on, or surrounded with,
contain similar general recommendations on minimum concrete should normally be maintained by the provision
depths of cover, together with warnings that shallower of flexible construction joints through the concrete at pipe
pipelines require special protective measures to be taken. joints. These should be made from bitumen impregnated
insulating board complying with BS EN 622-4, or other
equally compressible filler material such as expanded
Protection of shallow pipelines polystyrene. The board should be cut to fit the pipes, and
placed at the face of the pipe sockets or at one end of sleeve
Shallow pipelines may need to be protected by more than joints. The joint material should be at least 18mm thick.
normal bedding and backfill materials, especially when laid This procedure allows for flexible movement of the pipe joints,
at an early stage of a contract where the cover is less than while retaining the strength given by the concrete surround
that specified. and should normally be carried out at every joint as shown in
Two clear examples of this are: Fig. 12, particularly in building drainage applications.
1. When a sewer or drain is laid in a road which has only Where more uniform support of the pipeline is found, the
been brought up to formation level, where the pipe construction joints may be less frequent. However, it is
bedding has been designed assuming full depth of cover recommended that they are no more than 5m apart. Further
to finished road level. details of concrete surrounds are given in Technical Note No. 4.
2. Where building works are taking place close to a drain An alternative method of protection is to use concrete slabs
run previously laid to a specification suitable for ‘fields of sufficient strength to span the trench, as shown in Fig. 13.
and gardens’ and the pipeline is subjected to unexpected
loading due to delivery lorries, dumpers, fork lift trucks, etc.
Fig. 12 – Protection of a shallow pipeline
Wherever possible, pipe laying should be the last
construction activity, so as to be within the design conditions,
Compressible material at
otherwise the pipelines must either be isolated from site one end of sleeve
traffic by directing this away from pipe runs or temporarily
bridging the trenches, or the pipes must be protected by
stronger bedding constructions.
Taking into account the warnings given in various design
tables for bedding construction, including those published Concrete surround
by the CPDA, pipes can be safely laid using granular bedding
without the need for a concrete bed or surround, provided
that the effective depth of cover is at least 0.6m, the required
Sleeve jointed pipes in a concrete surround
bedding factors are achieved and there are no additional
imposed loads.
The CPDA’s Simplified Table for pipe beddings provides
information on cover depths down to 0.4m for DN100 pipes,
with an appropriate warning on their use.
Where the depth of cover is less than 0.6m, it is recommended
that the pipeline is completely surrounded with structural
quality concrete, minimum C20/25.

Installation
The intention of this method of protection is to isolate the In all cases, backfilling should be carefully carried out as
pipeline from imposed loading, particularly traffic loading, recommended in BS EN 1610. Where concrete backfill to
which is critical at shallow depths. In order to do this, the slab trenches is demanded for early permanent reinstatement,
must be structurally capable of carrying the imposed load. In either using lean mix or foamed concrete, care should be
roads with a reinforced concrete slab construction, this may taken that this is not allowed to generate a high concentrated
Pipe laying
be easily accomplished by continuing the slab over the trench. load on the pipes. It is therefore necessary to ensure that the
Separate slabs may also need to be reinforced, except for concrete backfill is well supported by the trench sides. This
example in gardens, when no wheel load is anticipated. can be achieved by the use of a stepped or battered trench.
Concrete should not be placed between trench sheets which
It is important that in all cases the slab spans the trench
are subsequently removed since this would eliminate the
completely, bearing on the original ground on both sides, and
friction between the concrete and the trench walls.
does not simply rest within the trench. The width of bearing
required will vary with the pipe diameter, trench width and
ground conditions, but should not be less than 300mm.
It is advisable to make sure that any movement or deflection
of the slabs does not load the pipeline by introducing a layer
of compressible material, such as expanded polystyrene,
immediately below the slab. The pipe should be bedded and
surrounded in appropriate granular material in the normal way
as shown in Fig. 13.
Fig. 13 – Protection of a shallow pipeline using a reinforced concrete slab
Concrete slab
Granular
surround
Reinforcement
Concrete slab
Minimum
300mm bearing
on original
ground
Back fill
Compressible
material
111
Laying vitrified clay pipes on recycled material (TN7)
Recycled aggregates Table 14 – Maximum recommended level

of impurity (by mass)
Hepworth Clay has a long track record in the promotion,
specification and use of recycled aggregates in drainage Impurity Maximum percentage by mass
installations. The manufactured strength of clay pipes Asphalt and tar 5
enables the safe use of recycled aggregates which Wood 2
contributes to improving the sustainability of a project
Glass 5
without increasing cost and most importantly risk.
Sulphates. Acid soluble S03 1
Primary aggregates are a finite resource, all sources Other foreign materials 1 by volume if ultra-lightweight
have some level of associated environmental impact with
Maximum recommended
quarrying or dredging. If recycled aggregates can be used
level of fines
instead, then the primary resources are preserved.
Fines 5
The inherent durability and strength of clay pipes means Masonry content (plaster/ 5
that recycled aggregates can come from a range of sources mortar)
ideally starting with the most sustainable and least cost
options first. Such as creating and using them on the same
site to avoid transportation. Provided that the majority of Aggregate specification and sizing
contaminants can be removed, and minimum quality levels
Coarse aggregates shall comply with BS EN 13242 (clause
can be achieved during on-site processing an acceptable
4.3.2 and 4.6) and the WRAP Quality protocol supporting
recycled aggregate can be produced. Hepworth clay pipes
documentation shall be provided with each delivery of
are more than robust enough to take full benefit of using
materials to ensure that ongoing quality control is maintained.
recycled aggregates and can easily withstand variable and
the variety of constituents and contaminants normally found Perform an on-site compaction fraction test, then confirm
in widely available recycled aggregates therefore can be that the factor of safety remains within the original design
specified and used in confidence. parameters.
The maximum level of impurities shall be as table 14.
Quality
Hepworth Clay pipes and fittings shall use the aggregate
High-quality recycled coarse aggregates are produced to sizing table (table 13 on page 103) relative to the nominal pipe
BS EN 13242 Aggregates for unbound and hydraulically diameter being installed.
bound materials for use in civil engineering work and road
construction. They will also conform to the Waste and Note: All external references listed at the end of this section
Resources Action Programme (WRAP) Quality Protocol, contain slight differences between each document, which
Aggregates from inert waste. Each delivery to site should be can make comparison difficult.
supplied with a certificate confirming that each requirement
has been complied with and that it has been tested with the
aggregates end use in mind. Compaction fraction test
Suitable materials are those that have a high compaction
fraction and have minimal contaminants and dust. (See Table Equipment
14). Any recycled aggregates will, upon inspection be seen
to contain a number of materials such as crushed concrete Open-ended cylinder, 150mm in diameter, (A DN150 pipe is
aggregate, brick, glass and asphalt. (see image on next suitable) approximately 250 mm long.
page).
Metal rammer, with a striking face approximately 40 mm
diameter and weighing between 0.8 kg and 1.3 kg. Steel
measuring tape.
The test
Ensure that the moisture content of the sample does not
differ from the bulk material at the time of its use and that
a truly representative sample of the aggregate to be tested
is taken. Mix approximately 50 kg of the aggregate to be
tested with a shovel turning it over three times into a cone
shape on a clean flat surface. Flatten the top of the cone then
divide the aggregate into four quarters. Remove one pair of
opposite quarters and remix the remaining pair back into a
cone shape. Repeat this procedure until about 10kg of the
aggregate remains.
Place the cylinder on a firm flat surface and gently pour the
sample aggregate into it, loosely and without tamping.

Installation
When full, strike off the top surface level with the top of the
cylinder and remove all surplus spilled material from the area.
Lift the cylinder up clear of its contents and replace on a
clean flat surface.
Pipe laying
Pour approximately one quarter of this aggregate back into the
cylinder and tamp vigorously with the metal rammer until no
further compaction can be obtained. Repeat with the second,
third and fourth quarters, tamping each layer as before, making
the final surface as level as possible. Do not tamp so vigorously
as to break the aggregate being compacted.
Determination of compaction fraction

Measure from the top of the cylinder to the surface of the
compacted aggregate using a steel tape and divide this
measurement by the height of the cylinder to obtain the
compaction fraction of the material being tested.
Compaction fraction result Compaction fraction grade

< 0.15 High
0.15 – 0.30 Medium
> 0.30 Low All, national (BS) European (EN) and international (ISO)
standards are subject to a periodic review. This is to ensure
that they are updated with new developments and correctly
cross reference other recently updated standards.
Bedding factors for use with NB: Full titles can be found on the following page.
recycled aggregate BS EN 1295-1 has been the drainage engineers structural
design manual for underground pipelines since 1997 (as
The compaction fraction test is quick and easy to perform on amended, now withdrawn). This document gave the basic
site, it provides a reliable and repeatable determination of the principles of the nationally established methods of design,
level of structural support that any aggregate can provide. and the United Kingdoms’ detailed method of design was
Additionally, levels of contaminants such as asphalt, wood, contained within annex (B.1.12).
plastics and plaster should be low (see table 14, page 112).
However, in April 2019 an updated version of BS EN 1295-1
was published and annex (B.1.13) now refers to BS 9295
High Compaction Fraction
Guide to the structural design of buried pipelines. BS 9295
Where the compaction fraction is equal to or lower than 0.15, was revised in February 2020 and will become the United
demonstrating a level of structural support similar to primary Kingdoms’ nationally established method of design.
aggregates, then normal bedding factors should be used,
BS 9295 is now a more comprehensive document containing
where F = 1.9, B = 2.5 and S = 2.5. (see fig 2, page 95).
new guidance for the specification and use of recycled
aggregates (Annex A.22) – the main requirements of which,
Medium Compaction Fraction relating to vitrified clay pipes, are detailed in this technical
Where the compaction fraction is between 0.15 and 0.30, note (TN7).
highlighting a reduced structural capacity of the aggregate, Should you require further information or guidance on how
then a corresponding reduction should be taken to use lower to specify and use recycled aggregates please contact us on
bedding factors for the same bedding class, where F = 1.5, B 0844 856 5165 or email [email protected]
= 1.9 and S = 2.2.
Example of 10mm single sized recycled aggregate
Low Compaction Fraction
Where the compaction fraction is greater than 0.30 the
aggregate provides a low-level of structural support, this
aggregate should only be used for bedding class where D
= 1.1, N = 1.1 and be thought of as offering similar structural
support as native sub-soils.
113
Laying vitrified clay pipes on recycled material (TN7)
Further sources of information regarding the specification of recycled aggregates

and pipe bedding can be found in the following documents. Where documents are
undated, the current version should be used. Search BSi. shop for confirmation
of the date of the current document.
• BS EN 1295-1: Structural design of buried pipelines under various conditions of loading.

General requirements.
• BS 9295: Guide to the structural design of buried pipes.
• BS EN 1610: Construction and testing of drains and sewers.
• WIS 4-08-02: Specification for bedding and sidefill materials for buried pipelines.
• IGN 4-08-01: Bedding and sidefill materials for buried pipelines.
• Ofwat's Code for Adoptable Sewers – Appendix C, Design Construction Guidance.
• Approved Document H Drainage and waste disposal.
• MCHW Volume 1 Specification for Highway Works Series 500. Drainage and Service Ducts.
Further sources of information regarding the production of recycled aggregates

for pipe bedding can be found in:
• BS EN 13242:2002+A1:2007 Aggregates for unbound and hydraulically bound materials for use
in civil engineering work and road construction.
• PD 6682-6:2009+A1:2013 Aggregates. Aggregates for unbound and hydraulically bound materials
for use in civil engineering works and road construction. Guidance on the use of BS EN 13242.
• WRAP Quality Protocol. Aggregates from inert waste. End of waste criteria for the production
of aggregates from inert waste.

Installation
HepLine
For purposes of surface water collection and conveyance, Fig. 14 – HepLine trench details
lay the pipe with holes upwards and cover with filter material
(minimum particle size say 14mm) to a depth appropriate
to the particular installation and circumstances. Where a. Collection system
additional strength is required, selection of bedding should
Pipe laying – HepLine

be determined by reference to the section of the design
tables relative to pipe size and strength.
HepLine pipes can also be used to effect dispersal of surface
water or septic tank effluent by laying with the rows of holes Backfill
in the lower section of the barrel.
See Crushing Strength Table 2, page 15.
See page 56 for HepLine data on hole size and perforation area.
Filter material
(depth optional)
Holes upwards
Granular
material
(if required)
b. Dispersal system
Backfill
Filter material
(depth optional)
Holes
downwards
Granular
material
(if required)
115
Installation: SuperSleve
Vertical connections
Connection Fig. 15 – Connection of internal waste pipe
of internal
Waste pipe
waste pipe Adaptor

32/40 – S/S460
50mm – S/S462
Waste pipes can be
connected to below ground
Floor level Coupling SC1/1 within
drainage using an internal 150mm of structure
drain connector, S/S460
for 32/40mm waste pipes
and S/S462 for 50mm
waste pipes. For typical
Ground level
connection detail see
Fig 15.
Short length
of pipe
cut to suit
90º bend SB1/1
Max 600mm long

Rocker pipe
Connection Fig. 16 – Connection of external rainwater pipe
of external
Rainwater pipe
rainwater pipe
Internal RWP Adaptor
Internal rainwater adaptors 68mm round S/4A06B
S/4A06B and S/4A06C 65mm square S/4A06C
are suitable for connecting Floor level External adaptor
76mm max universal SA11
68mm round and 65mm
square downpipes to
100mm SuperSleve.
Alternatively, a universal
Ground level
rainwater adaptor (SA11)
could be used.
The SA11 fits over the pipe
spigot and will accept
round or square rainwater
Short length
pipes up to 76mm. of pipe
cut to suit
90º bend SB1/1

Installation
Connection of Fig. 17 – Connection of 110mm internal rainwater – soil pipe
110mm internal
Soil pipe
rainwater/soil Soil pipe
Vertical connections
adaptor SA9
pipe
The SA9 adaptor coupling Floor level Coupling SC1/1 within
150mm of structure
is suitable for connecting
both 110mm PVC-U soil
pipes and rainwater pipes
to a 100mm SuperSleve
Ground level
rest bend (SBR1). See Fig
17. Alternatively, a 110mm
PVC-U rainwater pipe can
be connected to a 100mm
SuperSleve 90° bend Short length
of pipe
(SB1/1). cut to suit
Rest bend
SBR1
Max 600mm long

Rocker pipe
117
Telescopic Rest Bend
The Hepworth Clay Telescopic Rest Bend maintains an

effective connection and seal between above and below
Product information
ground drainage in areas where either ground settlement Product Code SBRT1 (100mm) and SBRT2 (150mm)
or clay heave is anticipated.
Key Dimensions (mm) (mm)
Benefits SBRT1 SBRT2

H Overall height 545 635
• Available in two diameters: 100mm and 150mm
N Depth to invert 305 345
• For connecting 160mm soil pipes, 110mm soil pipes, T Telescopic movement 180 230
rainwater pipes and waste pipes under buildings
D Nominal diameter 100 150
• Connects to any common soil or waste system
• For 100mm dia. bends: up to 180mm of vertical telescopic The diagram below illustrates a typical connection using
movement can be accommodated a Telescopic Rest Bend.
• For 150mm dia. bends: up to 230mm of vertical telescopic
movement can be accommodated
• Couplings are heat shrunk together and onto the rest T
bend, forming a single unit
D
H
Fig. 18 – Telescopic Rest Bend installation
N
Pipe to be cast into floor slub
Soil or waste
pipe adaptor
Floor level
Possible void
Up to 180mm
(100 Ø) or
230mm (150
Ø) Telescopic
movement. SBRT1
Where heave
is expected,
insert pipe to
half socket
depth
Telescopic Rest Bend Short lengths of pipe laid to steep gradients

SBRT1 or SBRT2 ensuring acceptable falls remain after any
settlement has occured
SBRT2

Installation
Rat Barrier
The Hepworth Clay Rat Barrier prevents sewer rats from

entering domestic or commercial premises via the drainage
Applications
system. The Rat Barrier has been carefully designed for ease
Rats are able to scale the vertical ventilation and soil pipes
of installation and operation by substituting the rest bend for
into dwellings with remarkable ease, splaying out all four legs
a Rat Barrier at the base of each soil and ventilation stack.
Rat Barrier
and using their back to support themselves against the pipe.
Normal soil stack operation is unaffected, ensuring health
The Rat Barrier effectively provides a chamber which is too
and hygiene for the buildings occupants.
high for a rat to jump up, and too broad for a rat to vertically
ascend. The curved shape of the base section incorporates
a long radius rest bend to maintain hydraulic efficiency of the
Benefits soil stack and compliance with Building Regulations, whilst
excluding the presence of a suitable platform to leap from.
• Ensures health and safety for building occupants
The diagram below indicates installation options for the
• Quick and easy to install in new build applications Rat Barrier.
• Universal – connects to clay or plastic drainage systems
• Inexpensive to install
Product information
• No maintenance – there are no operational parts inside
Product Code RAT/FM
• Manufactured from durable clay with low lifetime cost
Key Dimensions (mm)
• Prevents rodent entry in food retail outlets
H Overall height 1150
N Depth to invert 970
Fig. 19 – Rat Barrier installation
H1 Effective height 140
D Internal diameter 175
I Inlet diameter 110
110mm soil pipe
Floor level
Includes adaptor to PVCu
H1
Ground level I
H D N
Rat Barrier
RAT/FM
Max 600mm long

Rocker pipe
N.B. The height of this product

may require the use of a deep
inspection chamber.
119
Rainwater and waste connections – Gullies
There are several gully options Fig. 20 – Inlet Gully SDG3/1

available for connecting waste or Waste or rainwater pipe up to maximum
68mm diameter inserted through hole
rainwater pipes to a below ground cut in template
drainage system. The selection of
the correct gully will depend on the NB – A cut length of 150mm SuperSleve
diameter and shape of the waste or pipe and a 150mm coupling inserted
between the hopper and the base can be
rainwater pipe, the need for rodding used to increase the gully depth to a
Floor level
access and the security of the grating. maximum of 600mm
Below are three options which are all Inlet gully SDG3/1
trapped and roddable.
Ground level
Inlet Gully (SDG3/1)

The inlet gully comes complete with a
removable dip tube trap, which when Remove dip tube trap
removed allows ease of access for for full bore rodding
rodding and the removal of debris.
With 360° rotation between the
hopper top and base, the outlet can
be adjusted to take the best design
line. The grating is hinged and fixed
with two steel screws and can be
replaced with a metal grating (SDG2/5)
Concrete bed
or a cover plate (SDG2/4), if required.
The gully can accept waste pipes
or rainwater pipes up to a maximum
68mm round or 65mm square, Fig 20.
Access Gully Fig. 21 – Access Gully SG3/1

Waste or rainwater pipe up to maximum
(SG3/1) 110mm diameter or 100mm square
Supplied complete with a polypropylene

bridge and grid, the access gully can Cement mortar fillet Polypropylene grid (provided) or
sealing plate IS1
accept rainwater pipes up to 110mm Floor level plain metal grid IG1 (alloy) IG1C (cast iron)
round or 100mm square. The loose hinged metal grid IH1 (alloy)
plastic grid at the front of the gully can
be replaced with an alloy hinged grating
and frame (IH1) or an alloy cover plate Bend to suit
Ground level
and frame (IS1), if required. For other
grating options, see page 36.
Access gully SG3/1
Concrete bed

Installation
Square Gully Fig. 22 – Square Gully SG2/1
Waste or rainwater pipe
(SG2/1) up to maximum 68mm
diameter or 65mm square
32/40mm Double 68mm dia 65mm dia
waste pipe waste pipe RWP RWP
Connections – Gullies
A small compact gully supplied complete
with a polypropylene grating. The bars
Floor level Polypropylene grid (provided) secured
in the grating can be removed using at corners by four push-fit plugs
a small fine toothed saw to give a neat
Square gully SG2/1
entry for waste or rainwater pipes up
to a maximum 68mm round or 65mm Bend to suit
square. Ground level
Removable
stopper allowing
rodding access
Concrete bed
Paved Area Gully

The paved area gully is a compact, Fig. 23 – Paved Area Gully SDG2-1
trapped, fully roddable gully with a
NB – A cut length of 150mm SuperSleve
100mm diameter push fit outlet. pipe and a 150mm coupling inserted
The hinged polypropylene grating between the hopper and the base can be
Paved area gully SDG2/1
used to increase the gully depth to a
is fixed to the frame with two steel maximum of 600mm
screws and can be replaced with a Ground level
metal grating (SDG2/5), if required.
The flanged frame allows the specified
surface material (pavers, slabs etc)
to be neatly finished against the frame
edge. The gully is intended for use in
hard landscaped areas inaccessible
to vehicles. See Fig 23.
Installation
• When excavating for the gully, allow
Remove dip tube trap
an additional 100mm under the unit for full bore rodding Concrete bed & surround
and 150mm around the unit
• Bed and surround the gully with
suitable concrete, up to the underside
of the 100mm outlet
• Connect the gully to the branch drain
• Place concrete around the gully until
it is 20mm above the flange running
around the square cover and frame
• Installation is completed by applying
the specified finish which can be taken
up to the edge of the plastic frame
121
Yard Gully
The trapped roddable 225mm diameter yard area gully Stage 2

is available with either a 100 or 150mm diameter outlet
and comes complete with either an A15 or B125 loading • Remove the grating and frame and backfill around the
class grating. The ductile iron hinged grating is housed base of the gully with compacted as dug, granular material
in a polypropylene frame and is held in place with two or concrete
steel screws. See Fig. 24. • Cast a 225mm deep concrete collar up to the mark on the
gully body
Installation • Place the grating and frame in position whilst the concrete
is wet, making sure that the frame is fully supported by
the concrete
Stage 1
• Place the grating and frame onto the gully top and mark
Stage 3
the level of the underside of the frame on the gully • Installation is completed by applying the specified finish
which can be taken up to the edge of the plastic frame
• Place the gully in position to proposed finished levels,
the outlet can be rotated to point in any direction in relation • The combined filter and silt bucket can then be added
to the frame to facilitate cleansing
• If the gully is against a kerb or wall remove the flange
on that side of the frame
Fig. 24 – Yard Gully

N.B. The depth of the gully can be increased by Yard Gully
up to 300mm by fitting a 225mm coupling SC1/5 with loading class A15 grating RGP5
and a 300mm high raising piece SP030/5 between with loading class B125 grating RGP6
the frame and the gully body.
Ground level
Concrete bed and surround Filter/silt backet IBP3

Installation
Square Top Rodding Point
This fitting permits rodding with traditional rods, into a

drain in the direction of flow, at an entry angle of 45° to the
horizontal. The top surface of the rodding point should be set
flush with the finished ground level. The fitted coupling allows
direct connection to 100mm SuperSleve pipe and descends
Square Top Rodding Point

at 45° to connect via a SuperSleve 45° bend (SB2/1) or an
oblique junction (SJ1/1), in the direction of flow. See Fig. 25.
Fig. 25 – Square Top Rodding Point

SRPS1/1
Concrete
bed
Short length of
pipe cut to suit
Bend
to suit
123
Installation: Chambers
Mini Access Chamber (MAC)
Typical Installation Base layout

The following is a typical summary • The main through channel MUST
of the installation procedure required be used
to install the Hepworth Clay 300mm
• Bends up to 45° may be used on
diameter MAC.
any inlet or outlet
The MAC may be installed in the same
• Where chambers are positioned on
minimum trench width as required for
90°corners, always use the main
standard 100mm drainage pipework.
channel by fitting a 45° bend (SB2/1)
NO extension of trench width is required.
on inlet and outlet
All elements are lightweight: may be Bends of up to max 45º angle
handled/installed by a single person. can be used on any inlet and
the outlet
Preparation Main Flow
• Prepare and compact 100mm

regulating bed of ‘as dug’ or
granular material in trench bottom
Mini Access
Positioning/ Chamber code
SDAC1/1
connection
• Position Base on regulating bed.
Check outlet is facing in the correct
direction
• Ensure all inlets/outlet are free
from dirt or grit
• Remove stoppers from side
branches if required Main Flow
• Use standard jointing sequence to

connect 100mm SuperSleve pipes Fig. 26 – Installation detail – domestic gardens
to inlets/outlet
• The MAC is also available as base
only, together with raising pieces
with integral seals for assembly
on site
Compacted backfill
• Where a chamber is being built-up ‘as dug’ if suitable,
on site, push-fit the first raising or granular material
piece (shaft) onto the base
• Continue with other raising pieces Mini Access Chamber
SDAC1/1
as required, total depth not to max 0.6m deep
exceed 0.6m
• The last raising piece (shaft) can be
cut to suit the finished ground level
using a fine toothed saw
100mm SuperSleve
Compacted granular
bedding material

Installation
Backfill trench Cover and frame For domestic paths / patios
– see Fig 27.
• Before starting backfill, cover top installation • Lay 150mm thick slab of pre-cast
of chamber to prevent ingress of or in situ concrete around top
Chambers MAC
dirt or grit of chamber
For domestic gardens
• Backfill in 150mm layers of selected – see Fig 26. • Prepare cover and frame for
as-dug or granular material, well installation on chamber
compacted, as work proceeds • Trim shaft section at last stage
of construction. Ensure unit is at • Push-fit the cover and frame
• Precautions must be taken to correct height assembly onto the shaft
protect the chamber from damage
by construction site traffic • Prepare cover and frame for • The cover is secured to the frame
installation on chamber by four screws
• Backfill to formation level. Then trim
shaft to required height using fine • Push-fit the cover and frame
toothed saw assembly onto the shaft
• The cover is secured to the frame
NOTE: If finished ground level is not yet known, by four screws
leave shaft proud of surface and keep covered
and secure until final completion.
Fig. 27 – Installation detail – domestic paths/patios
150mm deep
concrete collar
Compacted backfill
‘as dug’ if suitable,
or granular material
Mini Access Chamber

SDAC1/1
max 0.6m deep
100mm SuperSleve
Compacted granular
bedding material
125
aptor SPIC7
Polypropylene Inspection Chambers (PPIC)
100mm
coupling
SC1/1
Typical Installation
PPIC 150mm
inlet SPIC1/2
Base layout Backfill trench
The following is a typical summary • The main through channel MUST • Before starting backfill, cover top of
of the installation procedure required be used shaft to prevent ingress of dirt or grit
to install the Hepworth Clay 475mm
• Bends up to 45° may be used on • Backfill in 150mm layers of selected
diameter PPIC.
any inlet or outlet as-dug or granular material, well
All elements are lightweight: may be compacted, as work proceeds
• Where chambers are positioned
handled/installed by a single person.
on 90° corners, always use the • Precautions must be taken to
main channel by fitting a 45° bend protect the chamber from damage
on inlet and outlets by construction site traffic
Preparation
Main Flow
• Backfill to formation level. Then trim

• Prepare and compact 100mm shaft to required height using fine
regulating bed of ‘as dug’ or toothed saw
granular material in trench bottom
NOTE: If finished ground level is not yet known,
Positioning/ and secure until final completion.
Main Flow
connection
• Position chamber on regulating bed.
Check outlet is facing in the correct
direction
• Ensure all inlets/outlet are free from
Main Flow
dirt or grit Heaviest flow
should always be
• Remove stoppers from side directed through
main channel
branches if required
• Use standard jointing sequence Short steep branch connections should
to connect 100mm or 150mm preferable be connected via a 45º inlet
using a bend where necessary PPIC 100mm inlet
SuperSleve pipes to inlets/outlet SPIC1/1 940mm deep
SPIC2/1 595mm deep
• Both 100mm and 150mm chambers
are available as a base only, Main Flow
together with raising pieces and
sealing rings for assembly on site
• Where a chamber is being built-up
or extended on site, locate the
longer lip of the sealing ring on the
inside of the rim of the chamber
• Lubricate the inside of the socket
of the raising piece and position
centrally over the located seal and Inlet adaptor SPIC7
hold in place for 10 to 15 seconds Main Flow
• Continue with other raising pieces

as required, total depth not to 100mm
exceed 1.2m coupling Main Flow
SC1/1
• The last raising piece (shaft) can be
cut to suit the finished ground level PPIC 150mm
using a fine-toothed saw inlet SPIC1/2
Inlet adaptor SPIC7

Main Flow Main Flow
100mm
126 Tel: 0844 856 5165 Email: [email protected]
coupling www.hepworthclay.co.uk
SC1/1
Installation
Cover and frame Fig. 28 – Installation detail – domestic gardens
installation Round Ductile Iron cover

& frame code SPK8
secured with clips
supplied
Chambers PPIC
For domestic gardens Topsoil
– see Fig 28.
• Trim shaft section at last stage
of construction. Ensure unit is
at correct height
Chamber 5x100mm inlets
• Prepare selected cover and frame SPIC1/1 940mm deep
[SPK8, SPK10 or SPKS8] for SPIC2/1 595mm deep
installation on chamber 3x150mm + 2x100mm
inlets SPIC1/2 1030mm
deep max 1.2m deep
• Position the cover in the
secured frame
• The SPKS8 cover is secured to
the frame by four screws.
Well compacted backfill –
as-dug or granular
material
100mm or 150mm
diameter SuperSleve pipe
Well compacted bedding –

as-dug or granular material
For domestic paths and patios Fig. 29 – Installation detail – domestic paths/patios
– see Fig 29. Round Ductile Iron cover
& frame code SPK8
• Leave top 150mm of chamber secured with clips supplied
clear of backfill
• Lay 150mm thick slab of pre-cast
or in situ concrete around top 150mm deep concrete
plinth to support finish
of chamber
• Prepare selected cover and frame
[SPK8, SPK10 or SPKS8] for
installation on chamber Chamber 5x100mm inlets
SPIC1/1 940mm deep
• Secure the frame to chamber SPIC2/1 595mm deep
using security clips supplied 3x150mm + 2x100mm
inlets SPIC1/2 1030mm
deep max 1.2m deep
secured frame
• The SPKS8 cover is secured to
the frame by four screws
Well compacted backfill –
100mm or 150mm diameter

SuperSleve pipe

as-dug or granualar material
127
Polypropylene Inspection Chambers (PPIC)
Cover and frame Fig. 30 – Installation detail – domestic driveways
installation – cont. Round Ductile Iron cover

& frame code SPK9
secured with clips
supplied
For B125 applications subject
to loading up to 125kN (12.5 225mm deep concrete
plinth to support finish
tonnes) – see Fig 30.
• Trim shaft section at last stage
of construction. Ensure unit is Polypropylene Inspection
at correct height Chamber 5x100mm inlets
SPIC1/1 940mm deep
• Lay 225mm thick slab of pre-cast SPIC2/1 595mm deep
3x150mm + 2x100mm
or in situ concrete around top inlets SPIC1/2 1030mm
of chamber deep max 1.2m deep
• Prepare cover and frame (SPK9)

for installation onto chamber
• Secure the frame to chamber Well compacted backfill –
using security clips supplied as-dug or granular material

secured frame
100mm or 150mm diameter

SuperSleve pipe


Installation
Range 450 Inspection Chamber
Typical Installation Preparing shaft Trim shaft /

The following is a summary of installation • Cut corrugated shaft to approx. fit restriction
procedures following selection of a invert depth of chamber.
access cap
Chambers Range 450

suitable Range 450 base for the required RECOMMENDATION: leave extra
number of inlets. 300mm depth to allow for possible
• Trim shaft to required height using
final site changes
fine toothed saw
• Locate sealing ring between 2nd
Excavation and 3rd ribs from shaft bottom.
NOTE: If finished ground level is not yet known,
Ensure ring is seated correctly and secure until final completion.
• Take precautions against and not twisted
trench collapse • When shaft trimmed to final height,
• Clean inside of base socket and locate sealing ring between 2nd and
lubricate this entire area 3rd ribs from shaft top. Ensure ring
Preparation • Position shaft and manually is seated correctly and not twisted
push home • Lubricate inside of the restrictor
• Prepare and compact 100mm cap, position over top of shaft, and
regulating bed of granular material push home
in trench bottom
Backfill trench
• Before starting backfill, cover top
Positioning/ of chamber to prevent ingress of
connection dirt or grit
• Position base on regulating bed.

Check outlet is facing downstream
Fig. 31 – Typical installation domestic detail: Range 450
• Use standard jointing sequence to
Inspection Chamber. Type 3
connect 100mm or 150mm pipes to
inlets/outlet. Push stoppers into any Cover & Frame
unused inlets Class B125 loading
Driveway
Base layout Class B engineering bricks

set in class 1 mortar
• The main through channel MUST 150mm deep

be used concrete collar
Shuttering to external cap
• Bends up to 45° may be used on
any inlet or outlet Restrictor cap 450mm dia
to 350mm dia
• Where chambers are positioned
on 90° corners, always use the
main channel by fitting a 45° bend
on inlet and outlet
450mm dia Shaft
Backfill Compacted backfill –

‘as-dug’ or granular
bedding material
• Using same material as bedding,
backfill around base in 150mm
layers up to underside of shaft
socket. Ensure inside of base is
free of debris
100mm or 150mm diameter pipe
Granular bedding material
129
Cover and frame Fig. 32 – Installation detail A15 – domestic gardens and/or areas
subject to occasional vehicle loading
installation
Cover & Frame
For A15 applications in Class A15 loading
domestic garden areas and/or Car Surface

subject to occasional vehicle
loading up to 15kN (1.5 tonnes) 150mm deep
concrete collar
– see Fig 32.
• Leave top 150mm of shaft clear
of backfill Restrictor cap 450mm dia
to 350mm dia
or in situ concrete around top of 450mm dia Shaft
shaft chamber
Compacted backfill –
• Prepare A15 cover and frame for ‘as-dug’ or granular
installation in accordance with bedding material
manufacturer’s instructions
• Position the cover and frame socket
on top of slab and fix in accordance
with manufacturer’s instructions
For B125 – Paved areas with Fig. 33 – Installation detail B125 loading – paved areas with limited
limited traffic load up to 125kN traffic load
(12.5 tonnes) – see Fig 33.
• Trim shaft section at last stage Cover & 225mm
150mm, Frame or
of construction. Ensure unit is at Class B125
300mm loading
dia Pipe
correct height Driveway
• Protect shaft from traffic loading Granular bedding material

Class B engineering bricks
by shuttering its external ribs set in class 1 mortar
• Lay 150mm thick slab of pre-cast or 150mm deep
in situ concrete around top of shaft concrete collar
chamber with minimum opening
750mm x 750mm – or 750mm
diameter – to ensure that any loads Restrictor cap 450mm dia
are distributed away from the shaft to 350mm dia
• Position Ductile Iron B125 cover and 450mm dia Shaft

frame on top of slab
bedding material
150mm, 225mm or
300mm dia Pipe

Installation
Typical Installation Preparing shaft Trim shaft /

The following is a summary of installation • Cut corrugated shaft to approx. fit restriction
procedures following selection of a invert depth of chamber.
access cap
Chambers Range 600

suitable Range 600 base for the required RECOMMENDATION: leave extra
number of inlets. 300mm depth to allow for possible
• Trim shaft to required height using
final site changes
fine toothed saw
• Locate sealing ring between 2nd
Excavation and 3rd ribs from shaft bottom. NOTE: If finished ground level is not yet known,
Ensure ring is seated correctly leave shaft proud of surface and keep covered
• Take precautions against and not twisted and secure until final completion.
trench collapse
• Clean inside of base socket and • When shaft trimmed to final height,
lubricate this entire area locate sealing ring between 2nd and
Preparation • Position shaft and manually 3rd ribs from shaft top. Ensure ring
push home is seated correctly and not twisted
• Prepare and compact 100mm • Lubricate inside of the restrictor
regulating bed of granular material cap, position over top of shaft, and
in trench bottom
Backfill trench push home
• Before starting backfill, cover top

Positioning/ of chamber to prevent ingress of
connection dirt or grit
• Position base on regulating bed.

Check outlet is facing downstream Fig. 34 – Typical installation domestic detail: Range 600
• Ensure all inlets/outlet are free Inspection Chamber. Type 3
from dirt or grit
Cover & Frame
• For connection to 150mm, 225mm Class B125 loading
and 300mm SuperSleve clay pipes Driveway
use adaptors TA/2 with 150 base,
TA/4 with 225 base and TA/7 with Class B engineering bricks
300 base set in class 1 mortar
NOTE: If finished ground level is not yet known, 150mm deep

leave shaft proud of surface and keep covered concrete collar
and secure until final completion.
Backfill Restrictor cap 600mm dia

to 350mm dia
• Using same material as bedding,
backfill around base in 150mm
layers up to underside of shaft
socket. Ensure inside of base is
free of debris 600mm dia Shaft
bedding material
150mm, 225mm or
300mm dia Pipe
131
Cover and frame Fig. 35 – Installation detail A15 – domestic gardens and/or areas
subject to occasional vehicle loading
installation
Cover & Frame
For A15 applications in Class A15 loading
domestic garden areas and/or Car Surface

subject to occasional vehicle
loading up to 15kN (1.5 tonnes) 150mm deep
concrete collar
– see Fig 35.
• Leave top 150mm of shaft clear
of backfill Restrictor cap 600mm dia
to 350mm dia
or in situ concrete around top of 600mm dia Shaft
shaft chamber
• Prepare A15 cover and frame for ‘as-dug’ or granular
bedding material
installation in accordance with
manufacturer’s instructions
• Position the cover and frame socket
on top of slab and fix in accordance
with manufacturer’s instructions
For B125 – Paved areas with Fig. 36 – Installation detail B125 loading – paved areas with limited
limited traffic load up to 125kN traffic load
(12.5 tonnes) – see Fig 36.
• Trim shaft section at last stage Cover & Frame
150mm, 225mm or
Class B125 loading
of construction. Ensure unit is at 300mm dia Pipe
correct height Driveway
• Protect shaft from traffic loading Granular bedding material

Class B engineering bricks
by shuttering its external ribs set in class 1 mortar
• Lay 150mm thick slab of pre-cast 150mm deep

or in situ concrete around top concrete collar
of shaft chamber with minimum Shuttering to external cap
opening 750mm x 750mm or 750mm
diameter to ensure that any loads Restrictor cap 600mm dia
are distributed away from the shaft to 350mm dia
• Position Ductile Iron B125 cover 600mm dia Shaft

and frame on top of slab
bedding material
150mm, 225mm or
300mm dia Pipe

Installation: Manhole
Installation
Conventional manhole construction
Manhole construction, showing use of SuperSleve 100 or Fig. 38 – Branch channel bend selector
150mm components and ½ section and ¾ section channels. (for half section and 3/4 section)
For entry angles up to 45° to the main channel use ½ section,
over 45° and up to 90° use ¾ section, and over 90° use a 3/4
section 90° branch bend plus a bend up to 45° externally so Left Hand Right Hand
Conventional manhole construction

that the angle of entry is not greater than 90° at the internal
Direction
face of the chamber.
of flow
The risk of shear fractures is considerably reduced by the
provision of a flexible joint located as close as possible to the
face of the structure, within 150mm, for smaller diameter pipes. 10º
If there is any reason to expect differential settlement the
length of the next pipe (‘rocker’ pipe) away from the structure
should not exceed 0.6m length.
Where considerable differential settlement is anticipated
several ‘rocker’ pipes should be laid instead of a single ‘rocker’
pipe and the gradient should if necessary be increased locally
30º
so as to reduce the likelihood of a backfall developing.
Fig. 37 – Manhole construction with flexible joints
b 50º
b
a b
a
70º
a
90º
b 115º
b
a
a b
a
140º
a
a = 150mm maximum
a
b = 600mm maximum
165º
a
a = 150mm maximum
b = 600mm maximum
133
Installation: Connections
Backdrop connections
A backdrop to a manhole is a method of connecting two

substantially different drain line invert levels in a manhole.
This can be done using the following 100mm or equivalent
150mm SuperSleve fittings, as follows.
For an external backdrop, use a 90° curved square junction
(SJ2/1), vertical pipe cut to suit and a rest bend (SBR1).
A socket adaptor (SA1/1) cut to suit and a lever locking
stopper (IL1) are also required to provide the rodding access
to the higher-level drain. See Fig 39.
Fig. 39 – Backdrop connections
Level Locking Stopper

attached to MH wall
with chain & staple IL1
Socket adaptor cut

to suit SA1/1 Curved Square
Junction SJ2/1
Pipe cut to suit
Half channel
Rest Bend SBR1

Installation: Connections
Installation
Pipe connections
Connecting SuperSleve Connecting SuperSleve

100mm Diameter to: 150mm Diameter to:
Pipe connections
OsmaDrain 110mm OsmaDrain 160mm
SuperSleve 100mm OsmaDr

OsmaDrain
aDrain 110mm SuperSleve 150mm OsmaDr
Osm aDrain
aDrain 160mm
Adaptor SA9 Adaptor SA10
HepSleve 100mm HepSleve 150mm
SuperSleve 100mm HepSleve 100mm SuperSleve 150mm HepSleve 150mm
Adaptor SA3/1 Adaptor SA3/2
100mm Traditional/Salt Glazed Pipe 150mm Traditional/Salt Glazed Pipe
SuperSleve 100mm tra

100mm tradit
dition
ional
al SuperSleve 150mm tra
150mm tradit
dition
ional
al
100mm / salt
lt gl
glaze
azed
d pipe
ipe
p 150mm / salt
l gl
glaze
azedd pipe
ipe
p
100mm coupling SC1/1 Cement joint 150mm coupling SC1/2 Cement joint
Socket Adaptor SA1/1 Socket Adaptor SA1/2
135
Cutting
The following advice will help you to select the optimum pipe
cutting technique according to the pipe diameter you are
Short length pipes
using. Appropriate selection will make installation quicker and
Pipe cutting can be minimised and installation time reduced
easier on site. Unnecessary pipe cutting can be avoided by
by the use of standard short lengths. They are primarily
the use of standard short length pipes at 0.3, 0.6 and 1.0m.
for use at manhole positions as rocker pipes or to adjust
These can be used to adjust the pipeline length at manhole
the pipeline length at manhole or junction positions. Short
and junction positions. Where cutting is necessary, chain
lengths are accurately machine cut with diamond tipped
cutters, diamond tipped and carborundum masonry saw
blades to ensure a square end. The ends are chamfered
blades can be used as advised below.
externally to assist jointing and rounded internally for
hydraulic efficiency.
Health and safety information

To ensure your safety, Hepworth strongly advise the use
Lever action pipe chain cutter
of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). This
There are two models of lever cutter available; the MPC1 is
should include the use of goggles or similar eye protection,
recommended for the cutting of 100mm diameter pipes only.
ear protection, dust mask, gloves and safety footwear when
The MPC2 is recommended for both 100mm and 150mm
using pipe cutters or powered masonry saws.
diameters. When using a lever action cutter the following
Further Health and Safety data is available in the form of a
procedure should be followed:
Material Safety Data sheet for Fired Clay Products.
Available from www.hepworthclay.co.uk
01
Mark the pipe to be cut
02
Pass the chain under the pipe, aligning the
03
Hook the chain onto the jaw of the pipe cutter
cutting wheels with the desired cut line
04
Tighten the chain, by pulling the arms together
05
Push down on the handle to snap cut the pipe
06
Remove any sharp edges with pipe trimmer

Installation
• Pass the chain under the pipe, aligning the cutting • Before any pipe cutting operation is started, read and
wheels with the desired cut line on the pipe adhere to the safety and operating instructions of both
the masonry saw and the blade manufacturer
• Hook the chain onto the jaw of the pipe cutter
• Check that the masonry saw is fitted with the correct
• Tighten the chain, by pulling arms of cutter together
SuperSleve cutting
specification of blade
• Make a final check for alignment of the chain around
• Make a clear mark around the circumference of the pipe
the pipe, then make a snap cut
at the desired length
• The pipe being cut should be positioned in a horizontal
Powered masonry saw and stable position
• Care should be taken to support and secure both halves
This method can be used to cut any size of pipe. The blade of the pipe being created by the cut, to avoid the blade
type can be either carborundum or diamond tipped. The being nipped as the pipe separates
most efficient and best quality cut will be achieved by using
a diamond tipped blade which has been specially designed • With the correct personal protective equipment in place
for cutting hard ceramic or marble products. A carborundum commence the cut; the best quality cut is generally
blade will produce an acceptable cut, but the speed of cut achieved by making one continuous cut, rotating the pipe
will be slower and life of blade shorter. When using a powered
masonry saw a safe system of work should be followed:
Trimming
After cutting with the chain cutter any sharp edges left on
the cut pipe will require trimming with the pipe trimmer
(product code MPT1) for 100mm or 150mm diameter pipes.
Remove the sharp cut end with the SuperSleve Pipe
Trimmer, set to suit the pipe diameter. When the setting
of the trimmer is changed, ensure that the clamping bolts
allow running clearance to the cutting cylinders. To use the
trimmer, press the cutting cylinders lightly on to the pipe
end, and give the tool about a dozen twists back and forth.
For larger diameter pipes an emery stone should be used.
View at youtube.com/WavinUK. Select the Hepworth Clay playlist.
137
Jointing
Store Lubricate
Keep the pipes, fittings and couplings in their delivery Apply Hepworth Clay lubricant to the pipe end or fitting
packaging until ready for use. Place them near the works chamfer and most of the way to the required insertion depth.
this will keep them clean and accessible.
Do not lubricate the coupling.
For guidance on unloading pipes from pipe packs see
The full insertion depth can be easily identified on 100mm
page 100 or youtube video.
and 150mm pipes by small crow’s feet marks near the ends
of the pipes. 225mm and 300mm pipes, by half the depth
of a coupling. A short pencil line can be made on the top
Check of the pipe for this purpose.
Pipes, fittings and couplings should be checked for signs If the pipes or fittings are not lubricated, or an incorrect
of obvious damage immediately before use. If found to lubricant is used, then the pipe may not reach the central
be damaged, do not use them in the installation. stop in the coupling. This could create a gap between the
pipes being jointed and could be reported in a CCTV survey.
Clean
Apply
Ensure that the jointing area on the outside of the pipe
or fitting is clean and free from dirt. Push or pull a coupling onto a lubricated pipe or fitting until
it meets the central stop in that coupling. Ideally, couplings
should be applied to the upstream end.
01
Lubricate the pipe end
02
Press the coupling on to the lubricated pipe end
03
Push into previously laid SuperSleve pipe
04 05 06
Larger pipe sizes can be jointed with the Completed joint Check the pipeline is laid to the correct gradient
assistance of a bar

Installation
Lay Check
Lay the first pipe in the trench, with the coupling fitted and Once the pipe is jointed, check that the pipeline is laid to
facing upstream. Brace the downstream end temporarily the correct line and gradient, using a spirit level and string
SuperSleve jointing
to provide adequate resistance when jointing the next pipe. line or laser alignment equipment as specified.
Apply a coupling to the next pipe or fitting to be laid, as
It is recommended that no more than three pipes are laid
described above.
before applying a quick intermediate air test on the pipeline to
Align the lubricated pipe end centrally to the coupling of the confirm correct jointing procedure. If an issue is detected, then
pipe previously laid, taking care to prevent dirt and bedding it can be easily and quickly rectified. See testing video link.
material from getting into the joint.
Nitrile sealing rings

Joint
If installing couplings with Nitrile seals, which are identified
Smaller pipe sizes are simply pushed home by hand. by a blue sticker on each coupling and on each coupling
Larger pipe sizes can be jointed with the assistance of bag, we recommend that you use our high-performance
a bar for added leverage, protecting the coupling face jointing lubricant, product code SL1C. This lubricant can
with a wooden block. also ease installation on site during the winter months when
the weather is cold and wet.
Ensure that the pipe is fully inserted up to the crow’s feet
or pencil mark. When jointed correctly, a soft clunk may
be felt and heard.
SuperSleve
Jointing
139
Testing
A test for water tightness using the air or water test should at the upstream end of the pipeline. Apply pressure to
be applied initially after the system has been installed, before achieve a 110mm water gauge on the manometer. Allow
any backfilling and again after backfilling is complete. approximately 5 minutes for stabilisation, and then adjust
the pressure to 100mm water gauge.
If the pressure drop is less than 25mm water gauge on the
General manometer over a period of 7 minutes, the pipeline passes.
In the event of a single or continued air test failure, recourse
Visually inspect the pipeline for obvious signs of damage and to a water test is allowed and the result of the water test
for incorrectly made joints. Carefully check that all stoppers alone shall be decisive.
and tubing are airtight. Flush out the whole system with water
to remove any silt and debris before final tests are applied.
Possible reasons for failure
Air Test 1. Leaking or faulty testing stoppers. Check theses again
with soapy water to locate leaks
For pipes up to 300mm diameter, the test is carried out by
measuring the loss of air pressure in the pipeline over a 2. Temperature changes of the air in the pipe due to the
period of 7 minutes. effects of direct sunlight, or a change in the cloud cover,
cold wind or rain, which can give misleading results
Fit expanding stoppers or inflatable test bags in the ends
of all the pipelines and branches, making sure that the pipe 3. Product failure, e.g. damaged pipes or incorrectly
surface is clean, and the stoppers are firmly in position. made joint
Connect a “U tube” gauge (manometer) to a testing stopper
01
Carefully check that all stoppers are
02
Fit expanding stoppers in the end of all
03
Connect a “U tube” gauge (manometer)
in good condition pipelines and branches to the testing stopper
04
Apply pressure to achieve a 110mm water
05
Allow approx. 5 minutes for stabilisation before
06
Measure the pressure drop over a period
gauge on the manometer adjusting the pressure to 100mm water gauge. of 7 minutes

Installation
It is recommended that no more than three pipes are laid As a guideline, per 10 metres of pipe run, this equates to –
before applying a quick intermediate air test on the pipeline
to confirm correct jointing procedure. If an issue is detected,
then it can be easily and quickly rectified. Pipe diameter (mm) Permitted loss (litres)
SuperSleve testing
100 0.47
150 0.72
Water test 225 1.07
300 1.41
For pipes up to 300 mm diameter fill the system with water
to a maximum depth of 5 metres above the lowest invert
in the test section and a minimum depth of 1 metre above
the highest invert in the test section. On steep runs it may Possible reasons for failure
be necessary to test in sections, to avoid exceeding the
maximum head. This should then be left for one hour to 1. Leaking or faulty testing stoppers. Check theses again
condition the pipeline. The level of water should then be with soapy water to locate leaks.
maintained for a period of 30 minutes by topping up to
2. Dryness of the pipe wall allowing continued absorption, or
within 100 mm of the required level throughout the test.
air trapped in couplings being dissolved. In such cases the
The quantity of water used should be recorded.
line should be left to stand until conditions have stabilised.
The loss per square metre of internal pipe surface area
3. Product failure, e.g. damaged pipes or incorrectly
should not exceed –
made joint.
0.15 litres for test lengths consisting of pipes only,
0.20 litres for test lengths including pipes and manholes,
0.40 litres for tests on inspection chambers or manholes only.
SuperSleve
Testing
141
Installation: Health and
safety, maintenance
Health and safety Maintenance
To ensure your safety; Hepworth strongly recommend the Correctly designed and laid pipelines will need no maintenance
use of the correct form of personal protective equipment with the possible exception of rodding to clear a blockage
(PPE) when cutting or handling clay pipes. This should arising from misuse. Refer to the section on provision of
include goggles or similar eye protection, along with sturdy access page 83 for guidance on the location and type of
gloves. Further Health and Safety data is available in the access needed.
form of a Material Safety Data Sheet for Fired Clay Products.
An inherent advantage of vitrified clay drainage systems is
Download from www.hepworthclay.co.uk that any type of drain clearing equipment, including power
rodding, can be used, as only gross misuse could result in
The relevant regulations detailed in the Health and Safety
damage to pipes or fittings.
at Work Act 1974 must be adhered to on site.
Clay drainage’s resistance to high water pressure jetting
means more blockages will be cleared first time with reduced
Handling and trench safety risk. SuperSleve pipe has a Lifetime Jetting Guarantee*
of 7,500 psi.
Take care when removing pipes from pipe packs to prevent It is desirable that accumulated deposits should be removed
damage or injury. The metal wires on 100/150mm pipe packs periodically from gullies, the frequency of clearing depending
should NOT be cut at any time. See page 100 for the correct on local observations. After clearing, traps should be flushed
dismantling method. with clean water.
For all sizes take care when cutting the plastic banding on *When laid in accordance with our instructions and the requirements
pipe packs as they are under considerable tension and may of the codes of practice and guides relevant to their use.
flail when cut.
Follow the relevant guidance when digging trenches to
prevent accidents from trench collapse.
Use the correct fencing and marking as required by the site.

General information
Supply Training
Hepworth Clay drainage systems are supplied through Develop your knowledge and keep up to date with our range
a nationwide network of Premier Stockists. For further of CPD presentations and online e-learning modules.
information contact Customer Services on 0844 856 5152
• CPD: Whole life value within clay drainage systems
or visit stockist.wavin.co.uk for our stockist locator tool.
• Online: Hepworth Clay introductory level product training
module covering SuperSleve and Inspection Chambers
Downloads Visit hepworthclay.co.uk for e-learning link / booking forms.
All Hepworth Clay literature, material safety datasheets,
certificates and CAD details can be downloaded from
hepworthclay.co.uk
Or contact [email protected]
Giving the alternatives Superior quality Clay

both barrels Superior bedding
draina
Hepworth Clay products are kitemarked to
EN 295-1, have a declaration of performance
and CE mark, and are manufactured under a
performance
g
fired to e
quality system approved to BS EN ISO 9001.
Regular quality checks are made at key stages
to guarantee factory process control, with The natural strength of clay drainage enables
regular ongoing quality audits made by external recycled aggregate to be used as a bedding
European and worldwide quality inspectors. material, reducing costs and environmental
Random sample pipes are crushed to ensure impact during the construction process.
that the strength that is imprinted onto the The savings can be significant when a full trench
Superior
perfec
pipe is delivered to site. depth of granular material can actually be more
expensive than the pipe.
sustainability
tion
Hepworth can advise on the optimum soil and
ground conditions from geotechnical reports
Clay is a 100% natural and plentiful raw material, to establish when this sustainable and cost-
which is also 100% recyclable at the end efficient solution can be deployed.
of its operating life, giving it a true birth to
rebirth capability.
We add only moorland rainwater and heat in a All the
ammu
production process that uses recovered heat
need nition
for drying prior to firing to keep environmental
Superior to you
impact to a minimum.
superio specify ou
Choosing Hepworth Clay is the optimum chemical r clay r
environmental choice, evidenced by its use
resistance draina
at the Wolseley Sustainable Building Center.
ge
Once vitrified, clay is one of the most
inert materials on earth, rendering it
resistant to almost all chemical attack.
Superior strength Hepworth Clay is completely unaffected by

any effluent allowed in an adopted sewer
and durability system virtually eliminating the risk
of exfiltration.
High pipe strength is an inherent quality
With a resistance to practically all
of vitrified clay and is enhanced by
chemicals and compounds that might be
our manufacturing expertise. The only
found in the ground, clay is the perfect
calcinated roller kiln pipe process in
choice when specifying drainage for
the world produces straighter and more
contaminated brownfield sites.
homogeneous pipe than traditional clay.
A Hepworth 300mm SuperSleve pipe
has a crushing strength of 72 kN/m.
That natural material strength also
delivers the highest resistance to
imposed loading, higher sewer jetting
Superior jetting
pressures and most chemical or
physical attacks.
performance
Clay drainage’s resistance to high water
pressure jetting means more blockages will
be cleared first time with reduced risk.
SuperSleve pipe has a Lifetime Jetting
Guarantee* 7,500 psi at a flow rate not
exceeding 20 gals/min held static for
5 minutes, providing a 50% higher
operating pressure than the WRc
Technical tools
requirement for clay pipes.
Register on myportal.wavin.co.uk for access to great

‘How to’ videos tools to help you get the job done faster and with assured
accuracy. Includes Inspection Chamber Selector.
To accompany this brochure, there is a set of ‘how to’
Hepworth Clay videos to give guidance on a range of
installation and maintenance issues.
They can be viewed at www.youtube.com/WavinUK under
the Hepworth Clay playlist or from hepworthclay.co.uk
• How clay drainage can benefit your next project
• How to join clay pipes
• How to cut clay drainage pipes
• Dismantling a Hepworth Clay pipe pack
• How to air test clay pipes
• Troubleshooting clay pipe air test failures
Technical design
For any technical enquiries please contact:
Tel: 0844 856 5165
Email: [email protected]
143
Hepworth Clay drainage systems from Wavin are
manufactured from natural materials to produce
durable, high strength, quality products. This
enables sustainable installation on site using
recycled aggregates, and rigorous maintenance
regimes in service. These market leading clay
drainage systems are accepted within the
built environment for residential, adoptable,
commercial and industrial applications.
Wavin Limited
Edlington Lane
Edlington
Doncaster
South Yorkshire KM 14092 FM 00217
BS EN 295 & BS 65
DN12 1BY
T: 0844 856 5152

E: [email protected]
www.hepworthclay.co.uk
CL101 – July 2020

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Product,

Mini Access Chamber (MAC). . . . . . . 124

Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 HepLine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Inspection Chambers . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Vertical connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

MAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Telescopic Rest Bend. . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

PPIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Rat Barrier. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Range 450. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Rainwater and waste connections

4 Tel: 0844 856 5165 Email: [email protected] www.hepworthclay.co.uk

6 Tel: 0844 856 5165 Email: [email protected] www.hepworthclay.co.uk

10 Tel: 0844 856 5165 Email: [email protected] www.hepworthclay.co.uk

Clay Channels 100 to 300mm

Unjointed 100 to 300mm

Foul and surface water in adoptable sewers, commercial or industrial

For use in constructed manholes and as a dry weather channel in

A traditional system of spigot and sockets for cement mortar jointing,

Surface water collection – highways, playing fields, sports grounds,

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Range comparison information

MAC PPIC Range 450 Range 600

Max Invert Depth (m) 0.6 1.2 3.0 3.0

Base/Shaft Dia. (mm) 300 475 450 600

Adoption Type D Adoption Type D

Inlet Sizes (mm) 100 100/150 100/150 150/225/300

Standards – – BS EN 13598-2 BS EN 13598-2

Product Details (page ref.) p58-60 p61-66 p67-72 p73-77

(b) Shear resistance

SuperSleve joint Shear force

Note that differential movement can occur when pipes enter

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Recommended roughness values (ks) are:

Foul and combined sewers: Loading

Surface water sewers: Durability

Table 2 – Crushing strength and bending moment resistance

Nominal Crushing Strength BS EN 295 Bending Moment

SuperSleve 100 40 – 2.00

225 45 200 9.00

Dimensions Elastomeric seals. Material requirements for pipe joint seals

Symbols of certification BS EN 295-5:2013

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B Plain Ended Rocker Pipes

A Nitrile Sealing Rings

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90º Plain Ended Bend

90º Socketed Bend

90º Plain Ended Rest Bend

R 90º Socketed Rest Bend

Material: Vitrified clay

E D A Nominal Cat No. Certs. Dimensions (mm)

45º Plain Ended Bend

45º Socketed Bend

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30º Socketed Bend

15º Plain Ended Bend

15º Socketed Bend

Flexible Bend (0-25º)

*A = Effective length when straight

B 100 x 100 SJ1/1 a C 350 250 250

45º Equal 45º Oblique Junctions