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    Ap World Exam Review Units 1-3

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    Olivia
    This document provides an overview of 9 units that cover major developments in world history from 1200 to the present: Unit 1 summarizes state building in various regions including China, the Middle East, India, Southeast Asia, Africa, and the Americas during 1200-1450. Unit 2 discusses networks of exchange like the Silk Roads, the Mongol Empire, Indian Ocean trade routes, and Trans-Saharan trade routes from 1200-1450. Unit 3 examines the expansion of land-based empires in places like Russia, China, the Ottoman Empire, and Mughal India from 1450-1750. The following units address transoceanic connections, the industrial revolution, imperialism/de

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    Ap World Exam Review Units 1-3

    Uploaded by

    Olivia
    36 views11 pages
    This document provides an overview of 9 units that cover major developments in world history from 1200 to the present: Unit 1 summarizes state building in various regions including China, the Middle East, India, Southeast Asia, Africa, and the Americas during 1200-1450. Unit 2 discusses networks of exchange like the Silk Roads, the Mongol Empire, Indian Ocean trade routes, and Trans-Saharan trade routes from 1200-1450. Unit 3 examines the expansion of land-based empires in places like Russia, China, the Ottoman Empire, and Mughal India from 1450-1750. The following units address transoceanic connections, the industrial revolution, imperialism/de

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    AP WORLD EXAM REVIEW UNITS 1-3

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    This document provides an overview of 9 units that cover major developments in world history from 1200 to the present: Unit 1 summarizes state building in various regions including China, the Middle East, India, Southeast Asia, Africa, and the Americas during 1200-1450. Unit 2 discusses networks of exchange like the Silk Roads, the Mongol Empire, Indian Ocean trade routes, and Trans-Saharan trade routes from 1200-1450. Unit 3 examines the expansion of land-based empires in places like Russia, China, the Ottoman Empire, and Mughal India from 1450-1750. The following units address transoceanic connections, the industrial revolution, imperialism/de

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    36 views11 pages

    Ap World Exam Review Units 1-3

    Uploaded by

    Olivia
    This document provides an overview of 9 units that cover major developments in world history from 1200 to the present: Unit 1 summarizes state building in various regions including China, the Middle East, India, Southeast Asia, Africa, and the Americas during 1200-1450. Unit 2 discusses networks of exchange like the Silk Roads, the Mongol Empire, Indian Ocean trade routes, and Trans-Saharan trade routes from 1200-1450. Unit 3 examines the expansion of land-based empires in places like Russia, China, the Ottoman Empire, and Mughal India from 1450-1750. The following units address transoceanic connections, the industrial revolution, imperialism/de

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 11

    Unit 1: The Global Tapestry, 1200-1450

    1.1 - State Building in China


    State Building
    ● Before Song was Tang
    ● Song D. created by Zhoa Kuanguin
    ● Strong state structure with
    ○ 6 departments led by censorate
    ■ Personal
    ■ Finance
    ■ Rites
    ■ Army
    ■ Justice
    ■ Public Works
    ○ Confuciansim →Civil Service Exam
    ● Aristocracy (rich & snobby people with lots of ego ruling)→scholarly leaders
    World Economy
    ● Heavily involved w/ trade in Afro-Eurasia
    ● Commercialized, shift from making personal →market
    ● China iron industry = strong
    ● Coins→paper money
    ● Created gunpowder
    ● Influenced Japanese
    ● Mahayana Buddhism introduced by India
    ● Population + agricultural base + manufacturing= wealth
    ● Language + confucianism + culture = unity

    1.2 - Empire Building in Dar-al-Islam


    Middle East/North Africa
    ● Abbasid Caliphate (Arabic lang. & Islam)
    South Asia (India)
    ● Muslim Turks invaded India, created Delhi Sultanate
    ○ Failed to convert many Hindus to Islam
    ○ lower caste and peasants converted for the promise of equality
    ● Sufis created more appealing Islam to Hindus
    West Africa
    ● Islam spread through merchants
    ● Mansa Musa - richest guy, ruler of Mali went on the hajj
    Innovations
    ● Merchants & trade = high
    ● Banking, credit, business contracts
    ● Improved rockets and papermaking from Chinese
    ● Translated Greek philosophy and natural science into Arabic
    ● House of Wisdom- center of learning, research, translation in Abbasid C., Baghdad.

    1.3 - State Building in India and SE Asia


    India
    ● 2 Hindu→Islam brothers f Delhi S. sent to South to spread Islam
    ○ Failed, turned back to Hindus and created Vijayanagara E.
    Hinduism
    ● Goal of Atman(soul) gaining Moksha(end of rebirth cycle) from samsara (rebirth cycle)
    and joining Brahman(divine being), depends on karma(life and actions)
    ● Bhakti-more emotional and devoted to one god (similar to sufis)
    ● Caste System- social structure dividing society into 5 groups
    ○ Unequal, promoted cultural stability
    ● Had similar advances with Middle East
    ○ Eg. Arabs advanced on India’s astronomy
    Southeast Asia
    ● Major Hindu and Buddhist population from merchants (Islam presence also)
    Sea-based Empire
    ● Majapahit Kingdom on Island of Java ↑ power/wealth f. control of sea routes
    Land-based Empire
    ● Khmer Empire ↑ f. Their complex irrigation & drainage systems → ↑agriculture

    1.4 - State Building in the Americas


    ● Mississippian Culture= 1st large scale civilization
    ○ Built mounds(religious, ceremonial, living)
    ● Canokia
    ○ Rigid class system w/ ruler called Great Sun
    ● Chaco/Mesa Verde
    ○ Built homes on sides of cliffs
    ● Aztecs-Tecnochitian
    ○ Ziggurats/marketplaces
    ○ Tribute system

    1.5 - State Building in Africa


    ● Not centralized used Kin based
    ● Used agriculture
    ● Hausa States- 7 ethnic group states connected by kinship
    ○ Benefited from Trans-Saharan
    ○ Uprise in Muslims
    ● Griots- important storytellers

    Unit 2: Networks of Exchange, 1200-1450

    2.1 - The Silk Roads


    ● ↑ from land being controlled by one (Mongols)
    ● Merchants traveled with camel caravans
    ● Traded luxury goods (silk)
    ● Buddhism spread through merchants → monasteries on roadsides
    ○ Atheistic buddhism created
    ○ Syncretized with other religions
    ● Bubonic Plague spread → death

    2.2 - The Mongol Empire and the Making of the Modern World
    ● Started with Temujin (Genghis Khan)
    ● aggressively, quickly conquered places
    ○ Many people ran away before of their coming
    ● Conquered people were made part of the tribe not enslaved
    ○ Religious tolerance
    ● Organized society into mil. units
    Conquering China
    ● Unified China
    ○ Confucaisn believed mongols chosen by mandate of heaven
    ● Yuan Dynasty
    ○ Improved roads, built canals
    ● Allowed landowners to keep lands if they pledged loyalty
    Conquering Persia
    ● Persians fell easily from attacks
    ● Sacking of Baghdad-200,000 Perisans died
    ● Influenced by Peris
    ○ Adopted admin system
    ○ Many became Muslim

    2.3 - Exchange in the Indian Ocean


    ● Sea-based f. China-E.Africa
    ● Traded both common and luxury goods
    ● Monsoons
    ● Innovations
    ○ Magnetic compass
    ○ Astrolabe
    ○ Chinese Junks
    ● Causes for Growth
    ○ ↑ f. Economic revival in China
    ○ Rise of Islam (became dominant religion)
    ● Creation of Srivijaya K. - dominated trade
    ● Swahili Civ. traded → merchant class

    2.4 - Trans-Saharan Trade Routes


    ● N.Africa traded cloth, glasswork, books
    ● SW.Africa made grain, yams, kola nuts
    ● Use of camels changed trade
    Mali
    ● Mali had monopoly on horses, metals
    ● Levied taxes on salt and copper
    ● Social class→ Royalty→elite→merchants→military/religious→peasants→slaves

    Unit 3: Land-Based Empires, 1450-1750

    3.1 - Empires Expand


    ● Gutenberg Printing Press → increase in literacy
    ● Feudalism → monarchy
    ● centralized : taxation, armed forces, religion→bureaucracy
    ● Middle class ↑
    Gunpowder Empires= China,Russia, Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal
    Russia
    ● Became wealthy f. Trade
    ● Ivan the Terrible
    China
    ● Yuan → Ming → Qing(Manchurians)
    ● Ming built Great Wall of China
    Ottoman Empire
    ● Sunni Islam
    ● Conquered Constantinople → Istanbul
    ● Suleiman the Great
    Safavid Empire
    ● Shah Ismail
    ● Shia Islam
    Mughal Empire
    ● Babur → Akbar
    ○ Made Empire prosperous
    *Ottoman, Safvid, Mughal fell due to not modernizing their economy and military*

    3.2 - Empires: Administration


    England
    ● Divine Right of Kings
    ● Justices of Peace - settled legal disputes
    ● English Bill of Rights - freedom to petition against cruel,unusual punishment
    France
    ● Absolutism
    ● intendons-Justices of Peace aka tax farmers
    ● Palace of Versailles - made nobles live here
    Ottoman
    ● Devshirme- took Christian boys and trained them
    ○ Janissaries- elite group, loyal to Sultan
    China
    ● Ming re-established civil service exam and expanded bureaucracy to get rid of Mongols
    Japan
    ● Feudal like with emperor → daimyo → samurai
    ● Tokugawa Shogunate- resulted from few daimyo ↑power
    ○ Power shift f. Daimyo → Shogun
    India
    ● Zamindars-tax collectors

    Rulers legitimized through religion, art, architecture


    ● Songhay-Islam official religion
    ● India-Taj mahal
    ● Ottoman-mosques
    ● France-Palace of Versailles
    3.3 - Empires: Belief Systems
    ● Causes of Catholic Church Downfall
    ○ Corrupt w/ indulgences and simony
    ○ Bible translated into vernacular land
    ○ Martin Luther w/ 95 theses
    ○ Did nothing to stop to Black Death
    ● Downfall = Protestant Reformation → Catholic Counter Reformation = successful w/
    council of Trent
    Islam
    ● Sunnin Ottomans vs. Shi’a Safavids
    ● Akbar (Mughal)- all for religious freedom, created new religion, Sikhism (Hindu + Islam)

    Unit 4: Transoceanic Connections, 1450-1750

    4.1 - Technological innovations from 1450-1750

    4.2 - Exploration: Causes and Events from 1450-1750

    4.3 - Columbian Exchange

    4.4 - Maritime Empires Established

    4.5 - Maritime Empires Established and Maintained

    4.6 - Internal and External Challenges to State Power from 1450-1750

    4.7 - Changing Social Hierarchies from 1450-1750

    Unit 5: Revolutions, 1750-1900


    5.1 - The Enlightenment

    5.2 - Nationalism and Revolutions in the period of 1750-1900

    5.3 - Industrial Revolution Begins

    5.4 - Industrialization Spreads in the Period of 1750-1900

    5.5 - Technology In the Industrial Age

    5.6 - Industrialization: Government’s Role from 1750-1900

    5.7 - Economic Developments and Innovations in the Industrial Age

    5.8 - Reactions to the industrial economy from 1750-1900

    5.9 - Society and the Industrial Age

    Unit 6: Consequences of Industrialization, 1750-1900

    6.1 - Rationales for Imperialism from 1750-1900

    6.2 - State Expansion from 1750-1900


    6.3 - Indigenous Response to State Expansion from 1750 to 1900

    6.4 - Global Economic Development from 1750 to 1900

    6.5 - Economic imperialism from 1750 to 1900

    6.6 - Causes of Migration In an Interconnected World

    6.7 - Effects of Migration

    Unit 7: Global Conflict, 1900-present

    7.1 - Shifting Power after 1900

    7.2 - Causes of World War 1

    7.3 - Conducting World War 1

    7.4 - Economy of the Interwar Period

    7.5 - Unresolved Tensions After World War 1

    7.6 - Causes of World War 1


    7.7 - Conducting World War 2

    7.8 - Mass Atrocities After 1900

    Unit 8: Cold War and Decolonization, 1900-present

    8.1 - Setting the Stage for the Cold War and Decolonization

    8.2 - The Cold War

    8.3 - Effects of the Cold War

    8.4 - Spread of Communism after 1900

    8.5 - Decolonization After 1900

    8.6 - Newly Independent States

    8.7 - Global Resistance to Established Power Structures After 1900

    8.8 - End of the Cold War


    Unit 9: Globalization, 1900-present

    9.1 - Advances in Technology and Exchange After 1900

    9.2 - Technological Advances and Limitations After 1900: Disease

    9.3 - Technological Advances: Debates About the Environment After 1900

    9.4 - Economics In the Global Age

    9.5 - Calls for Reform and Responses After 1900

    9.6 - Globalized Culture After 1900

    9.7 - Resistance to Globalization After 1900

    9.8 - Institutions Developing In a Globalized World

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