Problem (3.1) : F D' B D e B

Download as doc, pdf, or txt
Download as doc, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1of 41

CHAPTER 3

PROBLEM (3.1) A rigid bar BDE is supported by two links AB and CD as shown in Fig. P3.1.
After load P is applied, point E moves 2.4mm downward and the axial strain in bar AB equals -500 .
What is the axial strain in bar CD?

SOLUTION

The change in length of bar AB is

From triangles B’BF and EE’F:


500 mm 1000 mm

B’
0.4 mm F D From triangles DD’F and EE’F:
B E
D
D’
2.4 mm
Thus
x
E’

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.2) A spherical balloon changes its diameter from 200 to 201 mm when
pressurized. Determine the average circumferential strain.

SOLUTION

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.3) A hollow cylinder is subjected to an internal pressure that increases its 200
mm inner diameter by 0.5 mm and its 400 mm outer diameter by 0.3 mm. Calculate:
(a) The maximum normal strain in the circumferential direction.
(b) The average normal strain in the radial direction.

SOLUTION

(a)

3-1
(b)

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.4) A prismatic bar of length L is subjected to an axial load P, as shown in Fig.
P3.4. Calculate the maximum strain , if the displacement along the member varies as follows:
(a) u = ( /L) .
(b) u = L( ) sin ( x/2L).

SOLUTION

(a)
At x=L:

(b)
At x=0:

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.5) A horizontal rod AB is supported and loaded by a force P as seen in Fig.
P3.5. Determine the permissible normal strains in the wires CE and DF, if the allowable vertical
displacement of end B is 1/8 in.
Assumption: Rod AB is rigid.

Geometry:

Solving,
F
Normal Strains: E

50 in.
35 in.

A 40 in. C 20 in.D 20 in.B


B
CE
DF
Figure (a)

3-2
________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.6) The structure shown in Fig. P3.5 consists of a horizontal rod AB supported by
two vertical wires (CE and DE) and by a pin at A. What is the the allowable vertical displacement
of the end B, if the permissible normal strain in each wire is = 1500 ?
Assumption: Rod AB is rigid.

SOLUTION

Geometry [see: Figure (a) of Solution 3.5]:


F
E
Normal Strains: 50 in.
35 in.

A C D B
40 in. 20 in. 20 in.
Also

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (*3.7) The assembly of the strut BC and rod AB is used to support a vertical load
P as depicted in Fig. P3.7. Determine:
(a) The normal stresses and in the rod and strut.
(b) The normal strain , if the rod elongates 0.05 in.
(c) The normal strain , if the strut shortens 0.025 in.
Given: P = 3.5 kips. The cross-sectional areas of the members: = 0.25 and
=0.4

*SOLUTION

We have A
FAB
5
45 3
Equilibrium: 60 4
B
13
25 5 P
12
FBC
C

3-3
Solving,

(a)

(b)

(c)

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.8) As a result of loading, the thin 40 mm by 20 mm rectangular plate of Fig. P3.8
deforms into a parallelogram in which sides AB and CD elongate 0.005 mm and rotate 1200 rad
clockwise, while sides AD and BC shorten 0.002 mm and rotate 400 rad counterclockwise.
Calculate the strain components in the xy plane.

SOLUTION

y
40 mm
B C
20 mm

A x
D

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.9) Solve Prob. 3.8, assuming that sides AD and BC elongate 0.001 mm and
rotate 1600 rad clockwise and the other sides have the same extension and rotation.

SOLUTION

3-4
________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.10) A thin 8 in. by 6 in. rectangular plate (see Fig. P3.10) is acted upon by a
biaxial tensile loading resulting in the uniform strains = 600 and = 400 . Calculate the
change in length of diagonal AC.

SOLUTION
y
8 in.
B C
10 in. 6 in.

A x
D

or
(1)
Substituting the numerical values:

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.11) Redo Prob.3.10, with the plate in biaxial compression for which = -200
and = - 100 .

SOLUTION

Using Eq. (1) of Solution of Prob. 3.8:

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.12) Determine the normal strain in the members AB and CB of the pin-
connected plane structure shown in Fig. 3.12 if point B moves leftward 3 mm, after load P is applied.
Assumption: Axial deformation is uniform throughout the length of each member.

SOLUTION
C

2.5 m
2m

A 3 mm B
1..5 m

3-5
________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.13) The shear force V deforms plate ABCD into AB’C’D (Fig. P3.13).
Determine the shear strain in the plate:
(a) At any point.
(b) At the center.
(c) At the origin.
Given: b = 200 mm, h = 0.5 mm

SOLUTION

(a)
y
dy
dx or
x (1)

(b) From Eq. (1) at

(c) From Eq. (1) at


________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.14) Redo Prob. 3. 13 for the case in which curves AB’ = DC’ are straight
lines.
Given: b = 250 mm, h = 0.4 mm

SOLUTION

(a)

(b)
(c)
________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.15) A 100 mm by 100 mm square plate is deformed into a 100 mm by 100.2
mm rectangle as shown by the dashed lines in Fig. P3.15. Determine the positive shear strain
between its diagonals.

SOLUTION
100 mm 0.2 mm

B C

100 mm

 2
A D

3-6
________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.16) A square plate is subjected to the uniform strains = -500 , = 500
, and = 0. Calculate the negative shearing strain between its diagonals.

SOLUTION
-0.0005L

0.0005L

L 
 2
L

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (*3.17) When loaded, the 400 mm by 400 mm square plate of Fig. P3.17
deforms into a shape in which diagonal BD elongates 0.2 mm and diagonal AC contracts 0.4
mm while they remain perpendicular and side AD remains horizontal. Calculate the average
strain components the xy plane.

*SOLUTION
y
B' C'


A' ' x
D'
Geometry:
Thus,

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.18) A 15 in. by 20 in. rectangular sheet of plastic is loaded in its own plane.
After loading the sheet distorts into a shape A’B’C’D’ as shown by the dashed lines in Fig.
P3.18. Determine the normal strains occurring along the diagonals AC and BD.

SOLUTION
Refer to Figure P3.18.

3-7
Geometry:

Normal strains:

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.19) Reconsider the plastic sheet that is initially rectangular (Fig. P3.18).
Subsequent to loading the sheet deforms into a shape as indicated by the dashed lines in the
figure. Calculate the shear strains at the corners A, B, C, and D.

SOLUTION
0.12 in.
y 0.05 in
Geometry (for small angles): 
0.05 in.

B  C

15 in.

0.05 in
Shear strains: A x
20 in. D
0.07 in

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.20) The pin-connected structure ABCD is deformed into a shape AB'C'D, as
shown by the dashed lines in Fig. P3.20. Calculate the average normal strains in member BC and
AC.

SOLUTION

A 6 ft
45o B
B’
6 ft
 72 ft
C
C"
C'
L AC

3-8
________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.21) Solve Prob. 3.20, assuming that member BC moves 3/16 in. down as a
rigid body and remains vertical - that is, BB' = CC' = 3/16 in.

SOLUTION

Refer to Solution of Prob. 3.20.

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.22) The handbrakes on a bicycle consist of two blocks of hard rubber attached
to the frame of the bike, which press against the wheel during stopping (Fig. P3.22a). Assuming
that a force P causes a parabolic deflection (x = ) of the rubber when the brakes are applied
(Fig. P3. 22b), determine the shearing strain in the rubber.

SOLUTION
y

a x
x=ky2

We have

Thus,
________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (*3.23) The thin, triangular plate ABC shown in Fig. P3.23 is uniformly
deformed into a shape A’B’C’. Calculate:
(a) The plane stress components , , and .
(b) The shear strain between edges AC and BC.

*SOLUTION

(a)

3-9
(b)

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.24) Redo Prob. 3.23 for the case in which the plate ABC is uniformly
deformed into a shape ABC'.

SOLUTION

(a)

(b)

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.25) The stress-strain curves for a structural steel bar are shown in Fig. P3.25. Note
that, the entire diagram and its initial portion are plotted using a strain scale N and an enlarged strain scale
M in the figure, respectively. Determine:
(a) The strains at yield point and fracture of the material.
(b) The % elongation of the bar for a 50-mm gage length.

SOLUTION

(a)

(b)

% Elongation=
________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.26) A 10 mm by 10 mm square ABCD is drawn on a member prior to loading.
After loading, the square becomes the rhombus shown in Fig. P3.26. Determine:
(a) The modulus of elasticity.
(b) Poisson's ratio.

SOLUTION

3-10
(a)

(b)

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.27) Two rectangular blocks of rubber, each of width a = 25 mm, depth b = 50 mm,
and height h = 150 mm are bonded together to rigid supports and to the movable center plate (see Fig.
3.26). Calculate the shear stress , strain , and shear modulus of elasticity G of the rubber, if a force
P = 15 kN causes a downward deflection = 2 mm.

SOLUTION

Refer to Example 3.8.

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (*3.28) Figure P3.28 depicts a vibration isolation support that includes a steel rod of
radius a bonded to a hollow rubber cylinder of height h. Determine, in terms of the quantities a, b, P,
r, h, and G, as needed:
(a) The shear stress in the rubber at a distance r from the center of the support.
(b) The downward displacement of the rod.
Assumptions:
1. The displacement is so small that dy/dr = tan = . Clearly, the maximum value of y
occurs for r = a that the deflection is zero at r = b.
2. Hooke’s law for shear applies to the rubber.
3. The steel rod and cylinder are rigid.

*SOLUTION

(a) Shear stress: The shear area at radius r equals Hence

(b) Displacement: Applying Hook’s Law

3-11
Then, at

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.29) For the handbrakes on the bicycle described in Prob. 3.22, express the
deflection of the hard rubber in terms of P, L, G, a, and b (see Fig. P3.22). Here b and G,
respectively, denote the width and the shear modulus of elasticity of an a x b x L rectangular
rubber block.

SOLUTION

From solution of Prob. 3.22:

(1)

Also,
(2)
For , Eqs. (1) & (2) gives

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.30) A 2-in.-diameter bar 6 ft long, shortens 3/64 in. under an axial load of 40 kips. If
the diameter is increased 0.4(10-3) in. during loading, calculate:
(a) Poisson's ratio.
(b) The modulus of elasticity.
(c) The shear modulus of elasticity.

SOLUTION

(a)

Thus,

3-12
(b)

(c)

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.31) Figure P3.31 shows a steel block subjected to an axial compression load of 400
kN. After loading, if dimensions b and L are changed to 40.02 and 199.7 mm, respectively, calculate:
(a) Poisson's ratio.
(b) The modulus of elasticity.
(c) The final value of the dimension a.
(d) The shear modulus of elasticity.
Given: a = 60 mm, b = 40 mm, L = 200 mm

SOLUTION
y

b=40 mm
400 kN x
a=60 mm
z L=200 mm

(a)

(b)

(c)

3-13
(d)

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.32) The data shown in the accompanying table are determined from a tensile test of a
mild steel specimen. Plot the data and determine:
(a) The modulus of elasticity.
(b) The yield point.
(c) The proportional limit.
(d) The ultimate stress.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Stress, MPa Strain Stress, MPa Strain
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
35 0.0001 245 0.009
70 0.0003 300 0.025
100 0.0005 340 0.05
135 0.0007 380 0.09
170 0.0008 435 0.15
205 0.0010 450 0.25
240 0.0012 440 0.30
255 0.0025 420 0.36
250 0.0050 325 0.40
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SOLUTION

 (MPa )
450
450

400

300
255 A
240
200

100

0.001 0.002 N
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 M 0.4 

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

3-14
________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.33) The following data are obtained from a tensile test of a 12.7-mm-diameter
aluminum specimen having a gage length of 50 mm. After the specimen ruptures, the minimum (neck)
diameter is found to be 8.8 mm.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Stress, MPa Strain Stress, MPa Strain
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

35 0.0005 284 0.0062


70 0.0010 305 0.02
104 0.0014 319 0.05
139 0.0017 326 0.08
172 0.0024 312 0.12
207 0.0030 291 0.15
242 0.0035 256 0.20
259 0.0039 (Fracture)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Plot the engineering stress-strain diagram and determine:


(a) The modulus of elasticity.
(b) The proportional limit.
(c) The yield strength at 0.2 %.
(d) The ultimate strength.
(e) The percent elongation in 50 mm.
(f) The percent reduction in area.
(g) The true ultimate stress.
(h) The tangent and secant moduli at a stress level of 310 MPa.

SOLUTION

Et
326
310
300
275
242
200
Es
100

0.004
0.002 0.006 N
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 M

(a)

(b)

3-15
(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.34) A stepped bar of diameters and made of an aluminum alloy, is
subjected to an axial force P (Fig. P3.34a). The initial portion of the stress-strain curve is as seen in
Fig. P3.34b. Calculate:
(a) The elongation of the bar when the load is applied.
(b) The permanent elongation of the bar.
Given: a = 20 in., b = 15 in., = 7/8 in., = 5/8 in., P = 16 kips, E = 10x106 psi
Assumption: The weight of the bar is small compared with the loading and can be neglected.

SOLUTION 
(ksi)
(a) Stresses 60

F
y = 40 D

20 E

G
0
0.03

0.02 0.04
- diagram

3-16
From diagram, material in region 0D is strained elastically, since
By Hooke’s Law,

Material in region DF is strained plastically, since


From curve, for :

The approximate elongation of the bar is thus

(b) When the load is removed, segment AB will be restored to its initial length.
But segment BC will recover elastically along line FG:

The remaining plastic strain in part BC is

Thus, when the load is removed the bar is elongates

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.35) Calculate the smallest diameter and shortest length that may be selected for a
steel control rod of a machine under an axial load of 4 kN if the rod must stretch 2.5 mm.
Given: E = 200 GPa, = 150 MPa

SOLUTION

d
4 kN 4 kN

L 2.5 mm

Also,

or

3-17
________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (*3.36) Determine the axial strain in the block of Fig. P3.36 when subjected to an
axial load of 4 kips. The block is constrained against y- and z-directed contractions.
Given: a = ¾ in., b = 3/8 in., L = 4 in., E= psi, = 1/3

*SOLUTION

(1)

(2)

(3)

The first two expressions become


(1’)
(2’)

Adding:

Equation (3) now reduces to

Substituting the data:

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.37) A round steel rod of diameter d is subjected to axial tensile force P as shown
in Fig. P3.37. The decrease in diameter is d. Compute the largest value of P.
Given: d = 1 in., d = 0.5(10-3 ), E = 29x106 psi , = 1/3

SOLUTION

d=1 in.
P P

3-18
Inserting the given numerical values:

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.38) A short cylindrical pipe of cold-rolled (510) bronze having an outside diameter
D and thickness t is placed in a compression machine and sequeezed until the axial load applied is P
with a safety factor of ns against yielding. Determine the minimum required Dmin
Given: t = D/6, P = 250 kips, = 2, = 75 ksi (from Table B.4)

SOLUTION

Hence

Introducing the data given

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.39) A 5-ft long and 7/8-in. diameter bar is made of a 6061-T6 aluminum alloy.
What is the final length of the bar if it is subjected to an axial tension of 8 kips?
Given: E = psi , = 38 ksi (from Table B.4).

SOLUTION

Normal stress:

3-19
and hence Hooke’s law applies.

Normal Strain:

So

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.40) A 1.5–in. diameter and 60 in.– total length bar ABC is composed of an
aluminum part AB and a steel part BC as shown in Fig. P3.40. When axial force P is applied , a strain
gage attached to the steel measures normal strain at the longitudinal direction as = 500 .
Calculate:
(a) The magnitude of the applied force P.
(b) The total elongation of the bar if each material behaves elastically.
Given: E = 10x106 psi, E = 10x106 psi

SOLUTION

(a) Axial stress in the bar is

Hence

(b) Axial strain in aluminum equals

Therefore

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.41) A cold-rolled yellow brass specimen see (Table B.4) has a diameter and a
gage length (Fig. P3.41). When a force P elongates the gage length , determine:
(a) The modulus of elasticity E.
(b) The contraction of diameter .
Given: = 0.4 in., = 2 in., = 6( ), P = 5.6 kips

SOLUTION

3-20
From Table B.4; and

(a) Modulus of elasticity.

Since material behaves elastically.


So

(b) Poisson’s ratio:

Then

Hence

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (*3.42) Verify that the change in the slope of the diagonal line AB, , of a
rectangular plate (see Fig. P3.42) subjected to a uniaxial compression stress is given by the
equation:

(P3.42)

where alb is the initial slope. Calculate the value of when = 120 MPa.
Given: a = 25 mm, b = 50 mm, = 0.3, E = 70 GPa

*SOLUTION

Thus,

or

3-21
Q.E.D.

Introducing the data

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.43) Rework Prob.3.42, assuming that the plate is subjected to a uniaxial
tensile stress

SOLUTION

Thus,

Inserting the given numerical values

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.44) A 5/8 -in.-diameter bar with a 5-in. gage length is subjected to a gradually
increasing tensile load. At the proportional limit, the value of the load is 8 kips, the gage length
increases 14.4(10 -3 ) in., and the diameter decreases 0.6(10 -3 ) in. Calculate:
(a) The proportional limit.
(b) The modulus of elasticity.
(c) Poisson's ratio.
(d) The shear modulus of elasticity.

SOLUTION

(a)

3-22
(b)

(c)

(d)

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.45) A 6-m-long truss member is made of two 50-mm-diameter steel bars. For
a tensile load of 250 kN, calculate:
(a) The change in the length of the member.
(b) The change in the diameter of the member.

Given: E = 210 GPa, = 230 MPa, = 0.3

SOLUTION

(a)

Since , the result is valid.


Thus,

(b)

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.46) The stress-strain diagram seen in Fig. P3.46 is plotted from tensile test
data of high-strength steel. The test specimen had a diameter of 0.51 in. and gage length of 2 in.
was used. The total elongation between the gage marks at the fracture was 0.4 in. and the
minimum diameter was 0.36 in. Determine:
(a) The modulus of elasticity
(b) The load on the specimen that causes tielding.
(c) The ultimate load the specimen supports.

3-23
(d) Percent elongation in 2.00 in. and percent reduction in area.

SOLUTION

(a) Refer to diagram in Fig. P3.46.


when
Hence

(b) We have ( by curve).

(c) From curve,

(d) Percent elongation

Percent reduction area

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (*3.47) For many materials, the stress-strain curve may be described by the
Ramberg-Osgood equation of the form (Reference 3.7):

(P3.47)

in which the parameters E, k, and n are obtained from the diagram of a given material.
Considering the diagram of a metal shown in Fig. P3.47, determine E, k, n, and hence,
obtain a formula for the curve.

*SOLUTION

Refer to diagram in Fig. P3.47.


The estimated proportional limit
is at . Thus

3-24
We also have
at at

Applying Eq. (P3.47):

or
(1)
Similarly,

or
(2)
Solving, Eqs.(1) and (2), we obtain

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.48) A short cylindrical rod of ASTM – A36 structural steel, having an
original diameter of and length is placed in a compression machine and sequeezed until
its length becomes . Determine the new diameter of the rod.
Given: d = 30 mm, = 50 mm, = 49.7 mm, = 0.3

SOLUTION

Axial strain:

Transverse strain:

Therefore,

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (*3.49) A prismatic bar is under uniform axial tension. Determine Poisson’s ratio
for the material, for the case in which the ratio of the unit volume change to the unit cross-sectional
area change is -5/8.

*SOLUTION

We have .
From Eq.(3.14):

3-25
(1)
Upon following a procedure similar to that of Sec. 3.10, the final area:

and (2)
It is required that

Solving,

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.50) A tensile test is performed on a 2024-T6 aluminum alloy specimen of
diameter d and gage length , depicted in Fig. P3.50. After the loading reaches a value of P
= 5 kips, the distance has increased by = 4.8x10 -3 in. Determine:
(a) The decrease in diameter d .
(b) The modulus of elasticity E.
(c) The dilatation e of the bar.
Given: d = ½ in., = 2 in., = 0.33

SOLUTION
(a)

(b)

(c)
________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.51) A 2-in.-diameter solid brass bar (E = 15 x 10 6 psi, = 0.3) is fitted in a
hollow bronze tube. Determine the internal diameter of the tube so that its surface and that of the
bar are just in contact, with no pressure, when the bar is subjected to an axial compressive load P
= 40 kips.

SOLUTION

Axial stress in brass bar:

3-26
and

The diametral increase of the bar is

The required internal diameter of the tube is thus

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.52) The cast-iron pipe shown in Fig. P3.52 is under an axial compressive load
P. Determine:
(a) The change in length
(b) The change in diameter .
(c) The change in thickness .
Given: D = 130 mm, t = 15 mm, L = 0.5 m, P = 200 kN, E = 70 GPa, = 0.3
Assumption: Buckling does not occur.

SOLUTION

(a)

(b)

(c)
________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.53) Redo Prob. 3.52 for the case in which the axial load P is in tension and the
pipe shown in Fig. P3.52 is made of brass.
Given: D = 130 mm, t = 15 mm, L = 0.5 m, P = 200 kN, E = 105 GPa, = 0.3

SOLUTION

(a)

(b)

(c)

3-27
________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.54) The aluminum rod, 50 mm in diameter and 1.2 m in length, of a hydraulic ram is
subjected to the maximum axial loads of ±200 kN. What are the largest diameter and the largest volume of
the rod during service?
Given: E = 70 GPa, = 0.3.

SOLUTION
0.05 m

200 kN
1.2 m

Also,

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.55) Calculate the smallest diameter and volume of the hydraulic ramrod described
in Prob. 3.54.

SOLUTION

From solution of Prob. 3.54:

Thus,

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.56) A 20-mm-diameter bar is subjected to tensile loading. The increase in length
resulting from the load of 50 kN is 0.2 mm for an initial length of 100 mm. Determine:
(a) The conventional and true strains.
(b) The modulus of elasticity.

3-28
SOLUTION

20 mm

50 kN 50 kN
100 mm 0.2 mm

(a)

(b)
________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (*3.57) A solid aluminum-alloy rod of diameter d, modulus of elasticity E and and
Poisson’s ratio is fitted in a hollow plastic tube of 1.002-in. internal diameter, as depicted in Fig. P3.57.
Determine the maximum axial compressive load P that can be applied to the rod for which its surface and
that of the tube are just in contact and under no pressure.
Given: d = 1 in., E = 11 psi, = 0.3

*SOLUTION
d=1 in. d=1.002 in.

P P

or
Introducing the given number values:

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.58) A cast-iron bar of diameter d and length L is subjected to an axial
compressive load P. Determine:
(a) The increase in diameter.
(b) The decrease in length.
(c) The change in volume .
Given: d = 75 mm, L = 0.5 m, E = 80 GPa, = 0.3

3-29
SOLUTION

d=75 mm

200 kN 200 kN
0.5 m

(a)

(b)

(c)

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.59) A 2-in.-diameter and 4-in.-long solid cylinder is subjected to uniform
axial tensile stress of = 7.2 ksi. Calculate:
(a) The change in length of the cylinder.
(b) The change in volume of the cylinder.
Given: E = 30x10 6 psi, = 1/3

SOLUTION
4 in.

2 in. 7.2 ksi

(a)

(b)

3-30
________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.60) A bar of any given material is subjected to uniform triaxial stresses. Determine
the maximum value of Poisson's ratio.

SOLUTION

Using generalized Hook’s Law:


(1)

For a constant triaxial state of stress, we have


and
Then, Eq. (1) becomes

Since and must have identical sign:


or
________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.61) The rectangular concrete block shown in Fig. P3.61 is subjected to loads that
have the resultants = 100 kN, = 150 kN, and = 50 KN. Calculate:
(a) Changes in lengths of the block.
(b) The value of a single force system of compressive forces applied only on the y faces that would
produce the same deflection as do the initial forces.
Given: E = 24 GPa, = 0.2

SOLUTION
y 150 kN
0.2 m E
B C
0.1 m
100 kN
x
A 0.05 m
50 kN D
z

Thus,

3-31
(a)

(b)

or

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.62) Redo Prob. 3.61 for the x faces of the block to be free of stress.

SOLUTION

We have . From Solution of Prob. 3.61:

Thus,

(a)

(b) ,

________________________________________________________________________

3-32
PROBLEM (*3.63) A vibration isolation unit consists of rubber cylinder of diameter d
compressed inside of a steel cylinder by a force R applied to a steel rod, as shown in Fig. P3.63.
Determine, in terms of d, R, and Poisson’s ratio for the rubber, as required:
(a) An expression for the lateral pressure p between the rubber and the steel cylinder.
(b) The lateral pressure p between the rubber and the steel cylinder for d = 60 mm, = 0.45,
and R = 4 kN.
Assumptions:
1. Friction between the rubber and steel can be omitted.
2. Steel cylinder and rod are rigid.

*SOLUTION

(a) According to assumption 1, the rubber is in triaxial stress:

Strains are: The first of Eqs. (3.17) gives

or y

x
Solving,
z

(b) Substituting the data,

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (*3.64) A rectangular aluminum plate (E = 70 GPa, = 0.3) is subjected to uniformly
distributed loading, as shown in Fig. P3.64. Determine the values of and (in kilonewtons per
meter) that produce a change in length in the x direction of 1.5 mm and in the y direction of 2 mm.
Use a = 2 m, b = 3 m, and t = 5 mm.

*SOLUTION

Equations (3.15):

3-33
or
(1)
(2)
Solve Eqs. (1) and (2):

Thus,

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.65) Rework Prob. 3.64, assuming that a = 4 m, b = 2 m, t = 6 mm and that the
plate is made of steel (E = 210 GPa, = 0.3).

SOLUTION

Equations (3.15):

or
(1)
(2)
Solve Eqs. (1) and (2):

Hence,

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.66) A solid sphere of diameter d experiences a uniform pressure p, as
depicted in Fig. P3.66. Calculate:
(a) The decrease in circumference of the sphere.
(b) The decrease in volume of the sphere .

3-34
Given: d = 200 mm, p = 120 MPa, E = 70 GPa, = 0.3

SOLUTION
p=120 MPa= -

d=200 mm

(a)

Decrease in circumference:

(b)

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.67) A solid cylinder of diameter d and length L is under hydrostatic loading
with =-7.2 ksi. Determine:
(a) The change in length of the cylinder .
(b) The change in volume of the cylinder .
Given: d = 2 in., L = 4 in., E = 30 psi, = 1/3

SOLUTION

(a)

(b)

________________________________________________________________________

3-35
PROBLEM (*3.68) A steel plate ABCD of thickness t is subjected to uniform stresses
and (see Fig. P3.68). Calculate the change in:
(a) The length of edge AB.
(b) The length of edge AD.
(c) The length of diagonal BD.
(d) The thickness.

Given: a = 160 mm, b = 200 mm, t = 5 mm, = 120 MPa, = 90 MPa


E = 200 GPa, = 1/3

*SOLUTION
y 90 MPa

B C

200 mm
120 MPa
160 mm
A x
D

(a)

(b)

(c)

or
(1)

(d)

3-36
________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.69) Redo Prob. 3.68, with the plate acted upon by biaxial loading that results
in uniform stresses = 100 MPa and = -60 MPa.

SOLUTION

(a)

(b)

(c) From Eq. (1) of solution of Prob. 3.68:

(d)
________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.70) Using the stress-strain diagram of a structural steel shown in Fig. P3.70,
determine:
(a) The modulus of resilience.
(b) The approximate modulus of toughness.

SOLUTION

From Fig. P3.70:

(a)

(b) Total area under diagram:

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.71) From the stress-strain curve of a magnesium alloy seen in Fig. P3.71, find
the approximate values of:

3-37
(a) The modulus of resilience.
(b) The modulus of toughness.

SOLUTION

Referring Fig. P3.71, we have

(a)

(b) Total area under diagram:

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.72) Calculate the modulus of resilience for two grades of steel (see Table
D.4):
(a) ASTM-A242.
(b) Cold-rolled, stainless steel (302).

SOLUTION

(a) ASTM-A242

(b) Stainless (302)

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.73) The stress-strain diagram for a high-strength steel bar in tension is shown
in Fig. P3.73. Determine for the material:
(a) The modulus of resilience.
(b) The approximate modulus of toughness.

SOLUTION

(a) The area under the linear portion of the curve:

3-38
(b) Toughness modulus is represented by the total area under curve that can be
Estimated by counting the number of square from the diagram. From the diagram,
The number of square equals about 45.
Thus,

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.74) Calculate the modulus of resilience for the following two materials (see
Table B.4):
(a) Aluminum alloy 2014-T6.
(b) Annealed yellow brass.

SOLUTION

(a) 2014-T6

(b) Yellow, annealed, brass

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.75) A -square machine part having E=30x10 6 psi and length L=4 ft is to resist
an axial energy load of 1.5 in. kip. Based on a factor of safety ns=2, calculate:
(a) The required proportional limit of steel.
(b) The corresponding modulus of resilience for the steel.

SOLUTION

(a)
Solving,

3-39
or

(b)

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.76) Members AB and AC of the truss shown in Fig. P3.76 are fabricated of an
elastoplastic material with = 40 ksi. If Pu = 50 kips and = 60°, determine the minimum cross-
sectional areas AAB , and ABC.

SOLUTION

for

Thus,

________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.77) Solve Prob. .3.75 for Pu = 20 kips and = 30°.

SOLUTION

We have

Thus,

3-40
________________________________________________________________________
PROBLEM (3.78) Determine the ultimate load Pu that can be carried by truss ABC (see Fig.
P3.75) if each member is made of an elastoplastic material with = 38 ksi.
Given: AAB = 2ABC = 1.8 in. ,
2
= 40°

SOLUTION

Since and :

Thus,

End of Chapter 3

3-41

You might also like