Nursery and landscape

Nursery management :

Nursery :
 The place where planting material are raised either by seeds or vegetative cuttings means with care before transplanting at
desired site is called nursery .
 When the young plant raised by seed sometimes this process is also called nursery.
 The nursery management and plant propagation are same though they are altogether different but enter related .
 In fact the nursery management is the place were grow large amount of plants by seeds or vegetative method and easily
transferred plant to another place ..
 In nursery management provide all favourable condition to grow plants by seeds .

The main points of nursery management are :

 First see the demand of planting materials .
 Provision of mother block
 Requirement of land area
 Think a proper layout
 Water supply management
 Collect all working tools .
 Growing structure and inputs availability
 Accessibility
 Trained main power
 Plant protection management
 Disposal of planting materials .
 Planning edaphoclimatic and socio -economic consideration .

There are three key elements for nursery management :

1. The place - select the proper site to grow plant nursery .
2. The plant - see the demands of paints
3. The person behind - choose the trained person for grow nursery plants .

(1) The place :

a) First selection of site :
 In our country there was lots of problems are faces to select the proper site to grow nursery plants .
 If we think we select a proper site for our nursery so its not possible because in one place is not have all favourable
conditions so we require some compromise .
 When we invest our time and money in nursery so we check it first that all things are gone proper or not because when you
start a plant nursery you take care them very carefully because it affect the returns from the vestment .
 So select the site and mange all tools and their materials .

B) Layout :
 Select a perfect master plan is required otherwise improper layout plan will cause considerable anixity yo nursery
manager in future .
 When make a layout of nursery show all the points like length of boundry for fencing . it should be rectangular or square
shape.
 For setting up of a commerce nursery provision of wind break / shelter break must be done all along the boundary not only
to protect against hot wind and wild life but also modify the micro climatic situation .
 The nursery should be connected from the main road for better approach or disposal of produce plants .
 There should be all proper provision for main road and path , irrigation system , drainage channels , mother block , nursery
beds , growing structure , store compost pit , etc .

(2) The plant :

a) Propagation techniques and plant types :
 There are multiple type of planting material based on agro climatic situations, for e.g . fruits , vegetable , ornamental plants
, mixed plants types and farmer demand .
 The important arid zone fruits are : date palm , ber, guava , etc which can be grown successfully .
 There are many vegetables like melon, cluster, brinjal etc,
 In fruit crop normally seed propagation is not recommended ,
 Some veagetables are grown directly sowing the seeds in the field , and some veagetables are first sown in the nursery
beds where seedlings are raised and then transplanted in the field at desire site .
 When prepare a seed bed remove the weeds and stones from the soil .
 The height of raised bed should be 10-15 cm with width of 1.25 m and length may be according to requirement .
 Then mixed the FYM in soil to improve the fertility of soil .
 Before perparing the nursery bed soil should be drenched with 0.4 per cent formaldehyde or 0.3 per cent copper
oxychloride to kill pathogens in the soil .

There fore , there is need to educate the farmers about the standard of quality planting materials , which differ with the plant
types.

(3) The person behind :

 The mostely success depend upon the person who is dealing the whole affairs of nursery management .
 The nursery manager mostely known everything about business .
 He should always touch with organization working on nursery management and analyze the whole activity .
 Ability to use innovation as tool
 Strong team sprite
 Courage the face uncertainties .
 Nursery manager should see all activities in courage the workers for better outcome .

Perpare the media foe raising nursery :

 For germination of seed or directly planted vegetative part of plant and their root and shoot development proper media is
required .

 To prepare a good media must have good soil, compost , farmyard manure saw dust , sand peat vermiculture moss having
better water holding with acidic pH .
 Sometime gypsum and pyrie are also added in the beds while raising the nursery .
 In sometime organic media may also contain some toxic material to plants , especially when fresh .
 The media should have sufficient amount of plant nutrients .

 Sandy and loam soil are good foe for midia pirperation
 Make soil free form disease especially damping off it may be disinfected by soil fumigant .

In general the media should have following characteristics :

 It should be decomposed material with high C/N ratio.
 It should have good water holding capacity .
 It should be free from weed seeds and harm full pathogens .
 Slightly acidic medium is preferred .

Use of containers :
Some polythene / poly bags is very use full particially under sandy soil . it is normally transparent but black and blue colured
polythen bags are also used .

Irrigation , weed and nutrient management :

Flood irrigation is not recommended under sandy .
Fir irrigation sprinkler system is suitable for nursery plants .
If plants are raised in beds the bed should be kept fresh not wet too much watering creates superficial root system .
Irrigation water should be 6.5 to 7.5 pH and free from harmful salts .
Weeding in the nursery bed should be done as early as possible .
Use of FYM for weed infestation .
Important organic manures, which are used foe nursery beds: FYM compost , leaf mould , oil cakes and wood ash .they are give
proper nutrients for plants growth .

Management of pest , disease and natural enimes :

(1) Pests:
 Termite : they damage a root portions , affected plants turns yellowish showing wilting of leafs and tender twigs .
 For control :keep the nursery clean , do not used undecomposed organic mannuers , apply chemical like choloropyriphos
20ec (2.0%).

 Defoliaters : rolling of leaves , feeding of leave tissue etc. They can be controlled by spraying endosulphon (0.01%) or
monocrotophous (0.03%) at 10 - 15 days interval

(2) Diseases:
 Damping off : mostly damping off occurs at tender stage of seedlings . the seedling topple down and dry up .
 For Controlling : drenching of seed bed with 4% farmilidihyde pr 0.3% copper oxychloride .
 Collar rot : the fungus is air born and infects in collar region of the plants . the disease can be controlled by soil drenching
with dithe Z - 78 (0.2%) .

Disposel of produce :
 The nursery manger must contact the users and even he should do advance booking . the planting stocks a delicate , hence
they should be hardly carefully .
 Noe a days wooden or preferred paper boxes are used for long distance transit .

Landscaping
Importance of landscaping :
Landscape planting involves the interrogation of space and other assertive devices, to m met optimally meet human needs the
branch of horticulture is a fertile field , in which architecture and horticulture are combined to achieve the knowledge of plants
and their cultural beauty and utility . the primary requirement before undertaking landscaping at a place is the plan which
indicates the permanent features like road , rocks large trees, etc.
Planning a garden is an art . this require an in depth knowledge of plants , soil, topography and local environment conditions .

What is landscape:
A landscape can be defined as an area, either large or small , in which but it is possible or conceivable to mold any scene or
design .
Landscaping gardening : this can be forms and method of the garden to improve this landscape . the art of diggings is known
as landscape architecture. Is known although the older term ‘ landscaping gardeners is also a popular term.

Important ideas for gardening :

1) A garden should be its own creation and not an imitation keeping the local atmosphere at night .
2) Take advantage of the natural topography when designing a garden .
3) Before planing th design , the purpose for which the garden should be ensured , the beauty of utility or both should be
determined .
4) A good should do land cape design in the available space .
5) The natural topography should be retained .

Principles of gardening :
Initial approach :
1. A good designer should do landscaping design in th available space .
2. The natural topography should be retained .

Axis :
1) It is an imaginary line in any garden , creating a balance around it .
2) Formal garden , the central line is the axis .

Collective effect :
1. A large number of single plant species are used at the location to increase the mass effect .
2. One should see the such a collective system should not be monotonous , there may be ideas of mass saran .

Unity :
Unity is very important in the garden and this will improve the artistic appearance of the garden , unity has to achieved from
different perspective . firstly the unity style sense and functions has to be achieved between the building and the garden .
secondly the various components of overall immersion of the garden rather than to show off certain features. Lately , it is
important to create harmony between the outdoors and the gardens .

Location :
The purpose of every garden should be such that the bunnies appear enlarged . one way to archive this is to large open space ,
preferably under the law and restrict planting in the periphery , usually avoiding planting in middle .
Such planting will not obs trust the view or make the garden saleroom than its size .

Divisional lines:
There should be no hard and no sharp dividing lines in a landscape garden .

Ratio and scale :

Proportion in a garden can be defined as a definite relationship between various elements . for example , a rectangle with the
ratio 5:8 is considered as building ratio . as this ratio comes down , neither a square look nor a rectangle and the design becomes
undesirable .
The decision of scale and proportion depends entirely on personal experience and wearing knowledge of plants .

Texture :
Nature ‘s texture of the surface of garden is known as . the texture of the ground , the leaves of a tree, etc . will all determine
the overall effect of the garden . the leaves of a tree etc , etc will all determine the overall effect of the garden .
Generally there are three types of texture , the size of a fine medium and thick plant depends on its leaf size , branching
arrangements and rate destiny .

Light and time :

The light and time is very important should be planned in such way that it is possible to sit in a shady place in the afternoon ,
from the best part of the garden can be seen . the growth habits of plants play an important role in choosing the right place for
them in the garden and planing has to be done accordingly .

Important of landscaping :

Landscaping is very important as it contributes significantly to our well being and quality of life . there are endless benefits to
building . landscape makes nostalgic areas planing. Through this , ordinary homes and offices an be transferred into luxurious ,
warm and livable place . landscaping direct the flows of water , per venting future trouble. Well planned-and implemented
landscape provides trees foe shade, buses for cool airs and open space for snow in winter . in this way various types of benefits
which are as follow.
1. Increase the economies benefit beautiful landscaping .
2. Landscaping with woody plots all it takes to reduce soil erosion .
3. Tree and plants are helpful in increasing tourism revenue .
4. The landscaping industry promotes job opportunities .
5. Gardening provide as good environment for physical exercise.