Factors Influencing the Grade 12 students of Tanauan School of Craftsmanship and

Home Industries in Choosing a Course

___________________________________

A Research Paper

Presented to the

Faculty of the Business Entrepreneurship and Management Department

Eastern Visayas State University

Tanauan, Leyte

___________________________________

In Partial Fulfilment

of the Requirements for the Course

RES 313 Method of Research

______________________________________

Advincula, Rina B.
Artuza, Rhey Ann S.
Gargantilla, Ma. Fe D.
Maceda, Cristy Jane M.
Mina, Alexander C.
Vicenta, Jelly Ann P.
January, 2023
 Chapter I

Background of the study

Education is universally recognized as the answer to socio-economic problems of

the world. Nations and individuals look up to education to provide a cure for poverty,

ignorance, drought, excessive rainfall, mental deficiency, joblessness, bad government,

poor communication system, hunger and inadequate shelter among other things. Thus,

every nation of the world aspires toward quality of life and social status through good

decision-making in selecting career choice especially students who are about to pursue

in college.

In the study of Johnson & Chapman, (1979) stated that every year, graduating high

school students are faced with the problem of having to decide on future career paths. The

decision whether or not to continue with post-secondary education and the choice of an

institution to attend are two critical decisions that students make at this time in their lives.

Before, we are free to do what job we want to do for living since life is simple. As the world

changes, life becomes together that in order to be successful in life, we must consider what

profit we gain from a certain job. Due to the number of courses today, a student graduating

from high school may find himself in a difficult situation. Choosing a course is a very

important aspect. There are also a lot of factors that may affect a graduating high school

student in choosing a course. These factors may include job opportunity, preferred course,

influence and personal choice of course, the parents, peer' influence, decision making,

interest, gender, location, passion, internship and work experience, the quality of teaching

and others.
 Choosing an academic major is part of the process of making a career decision. For

many people, the college major they choose leads them to their future careers. Recently,

universities around the country have started to urge students to decide on their academic

majors early in their college careers. The rationale for this move is that once the students

determine their majors, they will be able to focus on graduating within a four-year time

period. Some people might hypothesize that the pressure to choose an academic major place a

strain on students that leads to stress, which may be manifested in psychological or

physiological reactions such as anxiety, depression, or panic. If a decision is made without

carefully looking into different alternatives and thorough investigation, the student runs the

risk of making a “bad” decision.

Furthermore, according to Heppner and colleagues (1995), negative coping behaviors

could be detrimental to a person’s physical and psychological well-being. The decision-

making process of college students is a crucial occurrence and needs to be examined.

The purpose of this study was to better understand the different factors that influence

students when choosing a college course. Additionally, by identifying what most influenced

students, the findings of this paper can aide colleges in marketing their programs to students

more effectively. Understanding the complexities of what students consider when they make

their choice can help guide colleges to finding good fits for their academic community.

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to determine the factors influencing the choice of course of the

grade 12 students in Tanauan School of Craftsmanship and Home Industries. Specifically, it

sought to answer the following:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of?

1.1 Name
 1.2 Age

1.3 Gender

1.4 Academic Strand/Track

1.5 Income Status

2. What are the factors that influence the choice of course of students?

2.1 Parent’s Decision

2.2 Peer Influence

2.3 Interest

2.4 Job opportunities

2.5 Location

2.6 Financial Cost

3. Is there a difference on the course choice of senior high students along with the

following?

3.1 Gender

3.2 Income Status

3.3 Academic Strand/Track

Significance of the Study

Students- by conducting this research, the students will be able to decide what course to take

in accordance with the factors that will influence them. They are the center of this study

because ultimately, they develop the awareness themselves, their strength, and abilities of

their career development.

Parents- in today’s society, parents or guardians play as significant role in the lives of their

children, especially when they are developing. Parents should give their children the
assurance that they will receive a quality of education that will enable them to get a better

job, earn more money, and have a brighter future in this study.

Teachers- in this study, teachers will be given information about the students’ background so

they can concentrate on the skills the students will need when they pursue their goals.

Teachers make a significant contribution to the education of each student. if a student is able

to complete their studies and obtain a job, teachers will be among the people who are most

proud of that students.

EVSU- The findings of this study will help the school in setting up an effective, intelligent

career information and guidance system that will aid students in making the best career

decision possible.

Future Researchers- The result presented in the study could be used as reference data for

the new researchers.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

Out of 120 Grade 12 GAS students of Tanauan School of Craftsmanship and Human

Industries, only 50 respondents were needed to answer the provided questionnaires by the

researchers.

The study limits its coverage on the Grade 12 GAS students only. its main purpose is

to identify the factors influencing them in choosing their desired courses in entering college.

The researchers considered the personal aspects provided by each respondents of this

study like their academic performance, family background, gender, and name.
 Chapter II

Review of Related Literature and Related Study

This chapter is composed of related literature and studies reviewed and gathered from

various sources that provide the researcher valuable information and insights necessary to the

current study. Specifically, the literature will reveal the most influential factors in choosing

courses. The purpose of this review of literature establishes the facts which are already

known from previous researches. The literatures that will be discussed will add up to the

knowledge of the researchers for the research study.

Review of Related Study

In the study of Del Norte (2013) asserted that choosing a course carefully is an

important aspect which will give conclusion to a student’s academic endeavor Choosing and

deciding on what course to choose in college may be difficult and sometimes an

unpredictable process, but it is mainly seen from one perspective. Many would say that the

main factor or the main influence is the passion for a particular field, but there are few who

know exactly what they want to become when they graduate High school which lead us into

thinking that there are other significant motives (Procedia Economics and Finance, 2015

According to the study of Bucherer (2018) added that selecting college courses is the

start of the binding process, where students may not realize that the decisions they make can

affect their decision four years when they are expected to graduate.

A major turning point in an adolescents' lives involves the career choice that they make while

in high school. These decision are mostly influenced by the family and community of a

student which plays a major role in establishing a career path that opens as well as closes

opportunities (Bluestein, Phillips, Jobin-Davis, Finkelberg, & Roarke, 1997).

There a lot of factors that could affect a student's decision in choosing their courses. There

are uncontrollable elements such as location, cost, distance and availability of financial aid

(Jackson, 1982). However, some Colleges, set standards before accepting students to a

particular course; hence, this can alter student’s decision especially those with academic

issues.

The course the student will take will have a lot of say on the career they eventually pursue so

it is important to decide on a course best for them. Melone (2014), said that it is important to

choose the right path you want to achieve, it is the most important thing that you can do for

your family and yourself. Even if it is your first career or begin on a second or third, finding

the career where you can enjoy and excel and where you can improve yourself. There are

jobs that are not perfect; there are some factors that you should consider that you are into

right career you want. Melone said that interest, career opportunities, and education and

training, these are the factors that the students consider in taking up course. The students

should find out the career they want to pursue soon. The author also said that students should

put their passion and skills into a career they really want, so that the student would enjoy their

college life and succeed in their future profession.

The decision to continue to a college education, and choosing which institution to attend to,

are two critical decisions that students make at this time in their lives. (Fernando, et al., 2016

cited Johnson & Chapman, 1979). Because of the increasing number of courses today,

students graduating from high school find themselves in a difficult situation.

In the study of Kuehnle (2017) stated in his article, The Difficulties of Choosing a

College Course that with so many majors to decide on, it becomes difficult to know if the

major the student finally decide is actually the one right for them. After choosing a college

course, that is not the end of the process because the student needs to consider what can they
get if they choose this course. And that can be a thing to consider to help decide in choosing

what sort of path to take.

Some people think that there is only one perfect career that exists for an individual according

to Measom (2011). She added that the more the person knows about the pitfall in choosing

their career, the more prepared they will be when faced with the process. Sometimes, the

decision on the choice of career and school depends on how the students perceive the world

and their future. Unfortunately, not all have enough knowledge and consciousness about how

they should process information from.

In the study of Freedman(2013) said that there are many challenges to implementing a

systemin which students delay major choice until the second year in college. Funding would

beneeded to change advising structures, including updated physical environments

forinstitutions in which a total intake advising model is not currently utilized. According

toFreedman the students also considered the university campus and the facilities of theschool.

According to Cruz(2014) stated that the Academic Track, the Core Subjects take care

ofthe CRS(College Readiness Standard) and the Strand Subjects prepare studentsfor the

particular college course that they plan to take. This is different from the otherTracks. In the

other Tracks (Technical-Vocational-Livelihood, Sports, Arts & Design),the Strand subjects

are really terminal subjects, in the sense that they are not preparations for future studies but

are meant to give students the tools to immediately enter the workplace.

According to Ushure (2014) lectures indicated that limited finances available to students will

affect them negatively in their preferences of profession selection. Their desires to become

specialist in renowned fields like engineering, doctorate etc. would be restricted by the

availability of finances to them. He also argued that in some cases even the children who

belong to low status families’ ends up entering in high status professions despite their high
cost. This is because their parents want them to enjoy those aspects of life that they have

missed out due to their insufficient wealth.

In the study of Freedman (2013) said that there are many challenges to implementing

a system in which students delay major choice until the second year in college. Funding

would be needed to change advising structures, including updated physical environments for

institutions in which a total intake advising model is not currently utilized. According to

Freedman the students also considered the university campus and the facilities of the school.

Cruz (2014) stated that the Academic Track, the Core Subjects take care of the CRS(College

Readiness Standard) and the Strand Subjects prepare students for the particular college course

that they plan to take. This is different from the other Tracks. In the other Tracks (Technical-

Vocational-Livelihood, Sports, Arts & Design), the Strand subjects are really terminal

subjects, in the sense that they are not preparations for future studies but are meant to give

students the tools to immediately enter the workplace.

According to the study of Huang et al., (2019) revealed that course selection is a non-

trivial task. Prior to every academic term, students make a series of course selection

decisions. The course selections they make create a chain of reactions that influence future

course choices, skill development, and job decisions. Due to the increasing number of

students and the rise of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), course recommendation

systems have been broadly applied within the context of student learning by using various

data explicitly and implicitly, for instance, the data about learning activities.

According to Jiang et al., (2019), stated that current studies on course

recommendation use datasets collected in physical university environments, however, they

rely on recommendation approaches that are similar to the ones used in recommending
MOOC courses without fully considering the versatile nature of the reasons involved in

course selection in university environments. T is amounts to a collaborative recommendation

of the nature of “most people like you did X next.” When it comes to university students’

diverse intentions in selecting courses, a student’s goal may not align with what most people

have done.

According to the study of Parameswaran et al., (2011) states that although a few

existing works consider the students’ motivations in university environments, they tend to

make simplistic assumptions about learners and their contexts, thereby merely recommending

the whole sequence of courses that satisfy the degree requirements (Parameswaran et al.,

2011), or predicting the performance of students and give recommendations based on

predicted results (Elbadrawy & Karypis, 2016; Elbadrawy et al., 2015; Hu & Rangwala,

2018; Sweeney et al., 2016). For course recommendations in university environments,

acknowledging that students have different reasons for enrolling in courses–for example, to

improve their skills, gain access to new knowledge, dabble in an area they find intriguing, or

meet the requirement of graduation, and so on. However, there is a lack of study on those

factors that influence students’ course selection in university environments, and course

recommendation methods that fully integrate with students’ motivations are relatively

unexplored research topics.

According to the study of Jackson (1982) stated that there a lot of factors that could

affect a student's decision in choosing their courses. There are uncontrollable elements such

as location, cost, distance and availability of financial aid. However, some Colleges, set

standards before accepting students to a particular course; hence, this can alter student’s

decision especially those with academic issues.

 In the study of Hossler, Braxton, and Coopersmith (1989), defined that college choice

is defined as a complex, multistage process during which an individual develops aspirations

to continue formal education beyond high school, followed later by a decision to attend a

specific college, university or institution of advanced vocational training. However, taking

Civil Engineering course is not easy one. You need to be a student that will not surrender in

all challenges you will face in this course. Having a study habit will help the student to finish

this course. If student chooses this course, stand for it no matter what difficulties will come.

In the study of Del Norte (2013) asserted that choosing a course carefully is an

important aspect which will give conclusion a student's academic endeavor. The researchers

have decided to make a study about the factors that graduating high school students consider

in choosing a college course. The researchers provide the Information that will cover various

factors such as: having better job opportunities, pursuing your passion, etc. This research will

help students and parents alike in choosing a course. In accordance to this literature, it is

related this research because it covers the importance of choosing the right course carefully.

It also studies the factors that the students consider in choosing a college course.

The study of PAMS, n,d defined that a career choice is important because it

determines your success in the next stages of your life. One of the tasks of high school

students is to explore and plan for their postsecondary career options. High school students

are at the exploration stage of career development. Many factors affect career choices of high

school students. Identifying these factors would give parents, educators, and industry an idea

to where students place most of their trust in career selection process (Super, 1990)

According to Fernando et al. (2015) asserted that economic demand is more important

to students than interest in the field. Self-Decision as a Factor Affecting Choice of Course

Pascual (n.d.) said that students’ career success can be best attained if proper guidance is
given in choosing the right course in college, suited to students’ personality, ability and

intellect. Penedilla and Rosaldo (2017) stated that, in choosing a career, suitability to the

interest of the students is given importance. Students must know on what degree to pursue in

college, a course that interest them that at the same time fit their abilities so that it will not be

hard for them to choose the right career path. At some point, many students try to fit in a

course or two based purely on personal interest. While their majors may reflect their primary

interest, most people are interested in more than one intellectual pursuit.

According to Babad et al. (1999), one of the vital reasons is the characteristics of the

course. McGoldrick and Schuhmann (2002) indicated that course selection is more of a

function of relevance toward future careers and perceived interest in course topics. Tallón

et al. (2014) conducted a survey to analyze why students choose one elective course.

However, it is limited to only the case of teratology. Other study shows that students are

driven both by the desire to master content because it is interesting and relevant, and by the

desire to demonstrate competency to earn external recognition (Pintrich, 2003).

Environmental factors, such as classroom pedagogical strategies, interact with academic and

social motivations to influence learning and engagement, as do individual student

characteristics (Ryan & Deci, 2000).

In the study of Malubay, Mercado and Macasaet (2015) noticed the primary factor

affecting the decision of freshmen students in taking up specified courses or programs is the

economic factors that include economic stable wages and in-demand jobs.

According to Su, Chang, Wu and Liao (2016) showed that students’ career decision-

making is most deeply affected by “personal factor”, next are “group factor” and “career

exploration factor”, and “school factor” has lowest affecting level to them. Students of large-
sized schools with taking household affairs courses who will be easily affected by personal

factor of career decision-making.

According to Uyar, Gungormus and Kuzey (2011) revealed 12 factors affecting the

decision of students including career opportunities, interest in the subject, instructor, money,

parents, enjoyment, previous experience, lifestyle offered because of the career, challenge,

prestige, usefulness in operating a business, and other students. It also discovers the top 5

reasons for choosing a major where: interest in a career associated with the major, good job

opportunities, abilities, a desire to run a business someday, and projected earnings in the

related career. The least selected reasons for choosing a major were the reputation of the

major at the university, the perceived quality of instruction, the parents’ influence, the

amount and type of promotional information, and the influence of friends. Utilized factor

analysis and determined the following seven main factors in deciding career choice: high

earnings expectations, career expectations, job experience, knowledge and ability, family

environment, social status, and education environment.

Factors in Course Choice

Peers Influence

In the study of Pummel, Harwood and Lavallee (2008) reported that the external

influences that help to shape an individual’s career choice are also influenced by significant

others through social support from peers. People around contribute a lot in one’s decision-

making. Friends may influence an individual choice of career. Individual interest may be

affected by peers for the reason that one wants to be with them in fulfilling dreams or a

certain career.

According to Frenzel, Goets, Pekrun & Watt (2010) stated that classmates also play

an important role in the formation of student’s achievement, related beliefs and values, even
if these classmates do not always correspond with the peer group of leisure-time friend. Id n a

cross-sectional study relating aspects of classroom climate to student enjoyment, Frenzel,

Pekrun and Goetz (2007) reported that class aggregated student perceptions of classroom

values were significantly and positively related to students’ enjoyment. Developments of

students’ interest were really affected by their peers and classmates.

In the study of Okikor & Otabong (2015) revealed that peer interaction influences

students in choosing a career. Peers influence career choice through peer interaction. As

students interact, they share information about careers. This is in line with Krumboltz’ social

learning theory, which emphasizes the importance of learners interacting with one another in

their environment.

According to Michael (2012) parental and peer influence is a serious problem that has

serious and far-reaching consequences. A student who prefers one subject or career and the

parents or friends prefer another, is simply reduced to a programmed robot that simply does

what is expected of him with disregard for the preferences and feelings of them. Kala (2015)

stated that parents and peers are the closest people that students may confide in regarding

careers. Some students may influence other to follow their career path.

In her research entitled “Parental and Peer Influence on Career Choice” she found out that the

fact that peers influenced subject and class selection as well as library books and co-

curricular activities implies the need to sensitize students to choose friends who are positive

in life and those with a clear vision of their life goals. Students who choose the bad company

end up ruining the rest of their career life because of the influence of peers. The study

concluded that most peers tend to influence career choice of their fellow students

unconsciously.

According to the study of Yi-Hui (2006) states that students’ interactions with peers

play a central role in how students think about themselves. In his study in China, Yi-Hui
(2006) revealed that students’ interactions with peers of diversified interests, races and

backgrounds have the potential to stimulate reflection, knowledge and beliefs which may lead

to new ways of thinking about the world, other peers and eventually themselves. For peers to

understand the world of work, their interaction makes it possible for them to venture into

careers they were unaware of.

According to Ouano, Dela, Japitan et.al. (2019) graduating learners perceived that

they agree that they are accompanied by their peers in making a decision in their courses

because their peer helps, give an advice or encourage them to achieve their course. Overall,

the graduating learners agree that they need peers because it will help them to enhance their

capacity as a person in order to have an idea and to decide easily. This was presented in the

study entitled “Factors Influencing on Grade 12 Students’ Chosen Courses in Jagobiao

National High School – Senior High School Department”. Similarly, to this study, Bhayani

(2015) made a study regarding to the social and peer influences in college choice of course. It

shows that females are more susceptible to social influence with regards to selection of

college and programs. Males were more likely to follow hubs in their school either they be

senior students or fellow students.

According to Kiuru (2008) also revealed the importance of peer interaction in

Finland when he stated that the academic orientation typical of the peer group to which they

belong may potentially have a long-term impact on individual adolescents’ vocational

careers.

In the absence of proper career guidance and teacher mentorship, students resort to

peer mentorship. According to Njeri (2013) and Okiror and Otabong (2015) in Kenya,

students turn to peers who have similar experiences for mentorship, information and guidance

on career issues, especially when other proper avenues like school career guidance are not
properly functioning. In Kenya, Koech et al. (2016) emphasized the influence of peer

mentorship in students’ choices of careers. However, in United Arab Emirates (Ausman et

al., 2013), peer mentorship was found to have little influence on medical students’ choices of

careers. Ausman et al.’s (2013) study concentrated on a certain group of people who were

already training for a particular career, while the current study looked at students who are yet

to engage in a career.

In the study of Kiuru (2008) purports that, in Finland, peer group members who are

closely related are likely to end up in similar educational trajectories as they are likely to

accept opinions from members who are similar to themselves. Peer relationships were also

found to be influential in students’ choices of careers, Kiuru (2008) further states that peer

group members resembled each other, not only in their educational expectations, but also

their subsequent educational trajectories. In a Nigerian study by Bankole and Ogunsakin

(2015), peer relationships were revealed as a significant factor in helping students choose

careers. Pakistani students who were close to each other in terms of friendship were likely to

influence each other to take certain careers (Naz et al., 2014).

According to Alika (2010), Ho (2006) and Obwoge and Kibor (2016) espoused that

peer encouragement was found to be a critical factor in influencing American students’

choice of careers. This is in line with Bandura’s social cognitive theory, which states that

realistic encouragement leads to greater effort and eventually to greater success. Since high

school students are adolescents, they may rely on people of their own age.

In the study of Hashim and Embong (2015) agree that the student’s peer group is the

single most potent source of influence with regard to career choices. Adolescents are easily

influenced by their peers because they rely on their friends to provide validation of the

choices that they make, including career decisions.

 A number of challenges were raised about the effectiveness of peer counselling in

schools. Chireshe (2013), for example, cited lack of training among peer counsellors, and

Kamore and Tiego (2015) enumerated that failure by Kenyan peer counsellors to resolve their

own problems impacted negatively on their duties as peer counsellors.

According to Alika, (2010), contrary to earlier findings, it has been observed in

America that there was no significant relationship between peer group influence and career

choices in humanities among secondary school adolescents. Peers were found to be less likely

to influence high school students in choosing careers. The American study only concentrated

on students who were in humanities. The current study did not look only at students

specializing in a certain category but all students in Zimbabwean high schools.

Parents Decision

According to Pascual (2014) considered that the involvement of family, school

administrators and guidance counselor to help students make good career choice in the future.

Respect for family is one of the most influential factors that impact Filipino student's career

decision. related factors, economic factors Aside from family which includes the

employability and availability of job in the future is also considered by students. This column

is related to this research because states the different factors to be considered in choosing a

course. According to him, family is one of the most influential factors that affect Filipino

student's course decision.

According to DOLE Secretary Rosalinda Dimapilis-Baldoz (2011), pointed out that

parents should take an active role in their children's career choice. "Career guides are very

Important to parents. Gone are the days when a parent's task 18 merely disciplinary. NOW,

parents should developmental role as they actively engage themselves in the career planning
process of their children. They must be able to convey to their children the significance of

choosing the right career, as what DOLE secretary said.

This study wants to imply that parents have a big role in deciding on what course their

children should choose because they are the one that will give the financial support. Not only

the financial but also their opinion about a certain course because they are the one who are

knowledgeable in life. Parent’s Decision as a Factor Affecting Choice of Course Parental

influence exists in career decision making amongst students and also there is an

interrelationship between father preference and mother preference; father preference and

mother occupation; father’s occupation and mother’s occupation; father’s occupation and

career and mother’s occupation and career. Autonomy in making career decision making

amongst students is restricted to parent’s preference, further this finding is limited to the

present study area.

In the study of (Kumar, 2016) revealed that some students think that parent’s decision

matter in choosing the College Course. They think parent’s decision is an important factor

because it is their parents that send them to school and pay for their tuition and some may say

that their parents knows what is best for them. According to Pascual (2014), family is one of

the most influential factors that the Filipino students in choosing the course. Considering the

involvement of family, school administrators and guidance counselor to help students make

good career choice in the future.

According to the study of Finlayson 2019, respect for family is one of the influential

factors that impact Filipino student’s career decision. it is concurred that “Out of respect and

loyalty, it may not be appropriate to express personal desires; rather, one may alter one’s in

interest to maintain harmony”. As a sign of respect, Filipino children want to do well for the
sake of the family, follow parent’s advice about choosing a job or major in college and lastly,

makes sacrifice for the family.

In the study of Shumba and Naong (2012) found out that the family is a significant

factor in determining children’s career choice, the ability of the learner self to identify his

preferred career choice, and teachers influence career choice of their learners. These findings

are consistent with the findings of other studies that have examined the influences of each

parent on the career choices of their sons or daughters and have found that mothers tend to

have more influence on the career decision and aspirations of their children than fathers.

Similarly, according to Leppel, Williams and Waldauer (2001) revealed that parental

education, family income, and family head’s occupational status were found to be positively

associated with offspring’s educational achievement. Rababah (2016) family members and

peers have an influence in the students’ choice of the major including personal interests,

gender, career opportunity and availability of jobs are some of the factors that affect the

students’ decision making in this matter.

According to the study of Khoo, Ban, Neng, Hooi and Joan (2015) showed that

college students and non-college students who were involved in this study agreed that parents

are the most influential or important person when choosing their choice of college or

university and course of study because parents perceive as their main source of finance and

normally seek advice from them due to the perception that parents have the relevant

information or experience with regards to higher education, and hence, parents are viewed as

a credible source of advice.

In addition to the study of Kaneez and Medha (2018) supported that parental

influence have significant effect on the career choice of their children. Al-Rfou (2013)

explored that the parents have a significant influence on the major selection, siblings and
friends also consider important source to select the major, while teachers and media are the

least amongst the selected factors. Umar (2014) showed that although parents have influence

on the choice of career of their children so also other factors such as peer group, employer

and relatives.

Identically from the study of,Dagang and de Mesa (2017) identified the results which

point to the strong influence of parents on their children choice of tertiary school. It is deeply

rooted in the consciousness of the Filipino people the respect for elders, hence the strong

influence of parents on children decision. In a Filipino family child are financially dependent

on their parents, hence their submission to their parent’s decision, thus explaining the

moderate influence of others such as the peers, friends and relatives. Another factor was

affordability of tuition, followed by scholarship.

In the study of Ibrahim (2017) revealed that family members have the highest

contributions in influencing students to the profession of medical laboratory science due to

the fact that family is usually who provided financial supports to them. Eremie and

Okwulehie (2018) indicated that factors such as environmental, opportunity and personality

can influence the choice of career among secondary school students. In terms of

environmental factors, it revealed that family, socioeconomic status and peer groups have

significant influence of the students’ choice of career while in opportunity factors such as

education and mentorship also had influence to the choice of career as well as the personality

factors such as the students’ interest, values and skills in choosing their courses.

Future Job Opportunities

According to the study of Opportunity is another factor that has shaped courses

choices for students. Opportunity may influence how students have perceived their future in
terms of the reasonable probability of a future in particular career fields. The issue of poverty

has played an important determining role in the opportunities available to all. The income

level of high school families may determine what course a student chooses during a specific

time in the student’s life; choices that will determine a large part of that student’s future.

Some students will have to budget education according to their personal income.

In the study of Thout (1969) addressed those in desperate need, “Where necessary,

these persons [Individuals described as living under the poverty level] must be assisted

through special training programs to overcome educational and social handicaps so that

minimum job standards can be met” (p. 1). Students in many cases will need the proper

mentoring opportunities to succeed. These support groups will be another opportunity that if

properly implemented, can help a student in the career choice process. The support system

must have been in place and readily available for the student to utilize. The creation of

support groups will have to be in place to sustain the student through times of financial,

emotional, and educational need.

According to the study of Suah (2014) expressed that the career extravaganza, a

program which the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) conducted was realized

with a vision to make work and provide graduating high school students with an Insight about

career paths in different industries, get information about the labor market and opportunities,

understand the world of work and reduce the number of job mismatch. It was also endeavored

to reduce the number of job skills mismatch by giving the students and parents with adequate

information that will guide them in choosing a course that could lead to either gainful

employment or successful business venture.

In some means, this is related to this study because article about a program which help

every graduating students in choosing their career paths, in this, they will have an insight
about what jobs will be in demand for the future that is related to one factor in this study

which is the job opportunity.

According to Bacani (CHED) (2014), The Commission on Higher Education is

advising incoming college students to go for "priority courses" for them to get financial

assistance and to land in-demand jobs that could help spur economic growth. According to

the new list, the priority courses are those in the fields of agriculture, engineering, science

and math, information technology, teacher education, health sciences, arts and humanities,

business social administration, and behavioral architecture, sciences, maritime and

communication. Skills and jobs that match the projected employment requirements of key

industries until 2020.

According to this literature, one should consider the job opportunity in choosing a

college course which is one of the factors affecting the choice of course in our study. By

prioritizing what job are in demand, this could help a lot. to our economic growth.

Interest

In the study of Malgwi, Howe and Burnaby, 2005; Yazici and Yazici (2010) states

that interest in the subject, guaranteed employment, and expected earnings after graduation

are the most influential factors for college major choice. According to Ahmed, Sharif and

Ahmad (2017) which revealed that interest in subject has strong and positive relationship

while ease in grades, financial outcomes, and future job opportunities had minor impact on

students’ decision for particular field and subject. It was also stated that the career choice of

the students was also influenced by the level of their social status, financial resources,

affordability and future employability.

According to the study of Sabir, Ahmad, Sharif and Ahmad (2013) revealed that

students rank university reputation, interest in subject and employment prospectus as the
most important determinants, whereas, the factor of course being easy and career guidance

from schools the least important factors in choosing course.

In the study of Malgwi, Howe and Burnaby (2005) revealed that the most influential

factor overall was interest in the subject followed by the potential for career advancement and

the major’s potential job opportunities. Pascual (2014) showed that the students’ first

consideration in choosing a course in college is the availability of possible work.

Location

According to Higdon (2017), location plays a major role in your college experience.

The state, the size of the city, and the local community, all impact your years at school. For

example, an urban university might offer you more big business internship opportunities, or

larger non-for-profit internships, while a school in a smaller town might have a very large

campus and more on campus activities and opportunities. Things like this are crucial to

consider in order to make the right choice in choosing your perfect college. Your desired

career field can be affected by the location of the college you choose. A suburban school can

offer a range of on campus jobs, and internships however may not have nearly the options

that an urban college can offer. At an urban college, you will have the chance to work with

many of the businesses based there through internships, or part time work. This allows real

work experience and a great avenue to get your foot in the door.

According to Hanna (2013), picking a college to attend to is just the half of the

decision. She stated that the other half involves choosing an actual course to pursue. She also

said that the major step in being able to attend the college of their choice is by taking entrance

exams. According to her, another factor to consider is the choice of university campus.

Choosing the college course to attend is still a major step.

 According to Higdon (2017), when choosing a university to study location is one of

the most important, location plays a major role in your college experience. The state, the size

of the city, and the local community. Things like this are crucial to consider in order to make

the right choice in choosing your perfect college. Location of the school. Paying attention to

the city and environment is a great help for your educational experience.

The location of your school can also greatly affect the finances of your college

experience. Being a student at a university located downtown allows you to get from one

place to another swiftly and at a low cost. With everything you need being so close, you

won’t need a car if you don’t already have one. Just as easy as it is to spend money in a city,

It is also very easy to entertain yourself without spending large amounts of money. As you

evaluate college locations, consider how easy it will be for you to find transportation to

essential locations.

Moreover, in the study of Ming (2010) stated that college or university location can

be a major factor for potential students’ decision to apply and enrol. Some students maybe

looking for a school close to their hometown or place of work for convenience and

accessibility. It is therefore concluded that location, academic programme college reputation,

educational facilities, cost, availability of financial aid, employment opportunities,

advertising are institutional factors that influence students’ college choice decision.
Conceptual Framework of the Study

Conceptual Framework

Grade 12 Students

Factors:
 Parents Decision
 Peer Influence
 Interest
 Job opportunities Choosing a Course
 Location
 Financial Cost

Figure 1: Framework of the Study

The above conceptual framework depicts the factors that influence the decision of the

students in choosing a course as independent variables. Based on the conceptual framework

above, the factors affecting the college course preference of the grade 12 students are the

preferred course of the parents, peer's influence, decision making and interest, location and

job opportunity. These factors can lead in deciding and choosing a college course.

Definition of Terms

For clarity and better understanding of the terms used in the study, the researchers

have defined the following terms operationally.

Academic Strand- Strand subject prepare students for the particular college course they plan

to take.

Course- A specific study that a student will be pursuing in the future for his or her desired

profession.

Job Opportunities- It refers to the majority of present occupation which many companies

are in need for a particular job.

Factors- The things a student should consider or not in choosing a course for college.

Grade 12 students- The respondent of the study.

Financial Cost-

Gender- your own perception of who you are. Moreover, the phrase can be used to describe

socially constructed categories that pertain to what it means to be a man or a woman.

Income Status- refers to a position of a person or households income in relation to a low

income line.

Interest- To induce or persuade, the feeling of being motivated and to engage oneself in the

desired course.

Location- location is the space where the school is found.

Track- it is the core subject takes care of the College Readiness Standard.

Peers Influence – means that one’s decision is based to what a friend, classmate or group of

friends decided.

Parents Decision- One of the major factors that influence in making decision of a student.
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter contains different idea on how the researchers conducted the research

study, these include the following part that will help get an accurate and adequate information

that are needed in the research and this will also give a brief explanation of the essence of

what has done and how it was made.

Research Design

This study is utilized by a qualitative survey or method of research. Qualitative

surveys use open-ended questions to produce long-form written or typed answers. Questions

will aim to reveal opinions, experiences, narratives or accounts. The researchers gathered the

accurate information needed to know the most influencing factor in terms of choosing a

course of Grade 12 students in Tanauan School of Craftmanship and Home Industries.

Research Locale

One of the well-known high schools in Tanauan, Leyte, that offers and supports several

senior high strands is Tanauan School of Craftsmanship and Home Industries. Senior high

school students at Tanauan School of Craftsmanship and Household Industries will be the

study's focus because of their diversity. The researcher picked this particular school as the

study site because, in addition to being close to the campus, it will enable them to get

crucial data, interesting theories, and original viewpoints from the actual experiences of the

senior high school students.

Respondents of the study

The respondents to this study will be the selected G12 students of Tanauan Schoo of

Craftsmanshil and Home Industries. These respondents are the ones who are

knowledgeable enough to answer the questions in the present study. They will answer the

questions from the questionnaires provided by the researchers to be able to provide the

information needed for the study.

Thirty participants from Tanauan School of Craftsmanship and Home Industries made up the

sample of respondents for this study.

Research Instrument

In this study, the researcher used a research questionnaire as a research instrument in

gathering data. The research instrument is composed of two parts. Part 1 of the research

instrument consists of the items that gather respondents' profiles, such as their name

(optional), gender, parents' occupation, family income status, and academic strand. Part II of

the research instrument consists of seven questions to be answered by the respondents.

The researcher adopted the questions from

www.slideshare.net/NikkiRosario/surveyquestionnaire.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers presented a questionnaire which were answered by the respondents.

These questionnaires were personally given by the researchers to the 50 respondents from

Tanauan School of Craftsmanship and Home Industries. The respondents were given 5 to 15

minutes to fill in the questionnaire to acquire the information needed by the researchers.
After filling up the questionnaires by the selected respondents, it is followed by an interview

conducted by the researchers. Final data analysis and tabulation were done after the said

activities were accomplished.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Eastern Visayas State University- Tanauan Campus
Tanauan, Leyte

Factors Influencing the Grade 12 Students of Tanauan School of Craftmanship and

Human Industries in Choosing a Course

Part I .Personal Profile

Name (optional): Age:

Track/Strand: Family Income Status:

Gender: Parent's Occupatio:

Part II. Questions

1. Have you chosen a course to pursue after graduation? If no, kindly state your reason ?

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

2. Are you having a problems in choosing your own course to take in the college ?

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

3. From the listed factors below, what do you think are the factors that influence you most

in choosing a course?
 Parents Decision

Peer Influence

Interest

Job Opportunities

Location

Financial Cost

4. Do these factors help you, or do they pursue you ?

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

5. How do these factors affect your decision to choose a course?

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

6. How important are these factors for your future endeavour ?

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

7. How your academic strand does affects your decision in choosing a course ?

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________