TENSES

TIM MKU UNESA

 TENSES

• PRESENT TENSE
• PAST TENSE
• FUTURE TENSE
 TENSES
1. The simple present tense
2. The present continuous/ progressive tense
3. The present perfect tense
4. The present perfect continuous/ progressive tense
5. The simple past tense
6. The past continuous / progressive tense
7. The past perfect tense
8. The past perfect continuous / progressive tense
9. The future tense
10. The future continuous / progressive tense
11. The future perfect tense
12. The future perfect continuous / progressive tense
 1. The Simple Present Tense
Subject (Be (ia, am, are) + Complement (Pelengkap)
I am
We/ You/ They are
He/ She/ It is

I am A teacher
you are A student
They are Movie stars
It Is not Sunday
Running every week is Healthy
What he wants to buy is A new car
 Simple Present

An action that happens all the time or habits.

It happens everyday, week, month, year, etc.

(a) It snows in Alaska.

(b) I read newspaper every morning.
 Simple Present

A thing that is true in general

• I am Indonesian
• Ice is cold
• Sebastian Gunawan and Anne Avantie are
designers
• The Sun rises in the east
 Simple Present

A schedule/ time table or a plan

• The bus arrives at 5.30 a.m

• The bank opens at 8.30 and closes at 4.00
 Simple Present

A description and definition

• A doctor works in a hospital. He examines

the sick people. He gives medicine too.
 Simple Present

Note:
• Adjunct (keterangan) can be placed at
the beginning or at the end of the
sentence
• Time markers that are usually used:
always, every day, every month, every
week, every year, never, seldom,
sometimes, usually
 Tip
• In the present simple 3rd person singular (he,
she, it), add s, es, or ies to the base form of the
verb.
• To regular verbs just add an s – Ex: travel
>travels, give > gives, play >plays
• To verbs that end in s, ss, sh, ch, x, and o, add an
es – Ex: wash > washes, mix > mixes, go >goes
• To verbs end in y after a consonant (any letter
that isn’t a vowel), change the y to i and add es.
Ex: study > studies, fly > flies
 Negative Sentences
in the Present Simple Tense

Subject auxillery verb verb in base form rest of sentence

I / You / We /
don’t (do not) eat late at night
They
doesn’t (does
He / She / It watch TV every day
not)

• I don’t like the food they serve at that restaurant.

• Jim doesn’t work on Fridays.
• My friends don’t usually leave so early.
• I do not want to go with you!
 Yes/No Questions
in the Present Simple

Auxiliary Verb subject verb in base form rest of sentence

I / you / we / to the city on

Do drive
they Mondays

Does he / she / it break down often

• Do you surf the Internet every day?

• Does your boss give you positive feedback?
• Does Jonathan always turn off the lights?
• Don’t you ever clean your room?
 Wh-Questions
in the Present Simple
Auxiliary Verb in Base Rest of
Wh-Word Subject
Verb Form Sentence
I / you / we /
What do want
they
Why does he / she / it shout at you

• When do you want to meet me?

• Why does Beth always complain so much?
• How much does the ticket cost?
• Why don’t you ever go on vacation?
 Tag Questions
in the Present Simple
• Tag questions are those short questions that are tagged
onto the end of a sentence. They are used just to make sure
the person you’re talking to understood what you meant or
to emphasize what you said.
• They’re formed either by using a regular sentence in the
present simple and adding don’t or doesn’t and a pronoun
(I, you, we, they, he, she, it) and a question mark.

Example:
• John likes me, doesn’t he?
• Those boys don’t play sports, do they?

Tim MKU Bahasa Inggris

 2. Present Progressive (Continuous)

Subject Be (is/ am/ are) + Verb + ing

I am practising am watching am discussing am leaving
We/ you/ they are practising are watching are discussing are leaving
He/ she/ it is practising is watching is discussing is leaving

• an action which is happening now or at the

moment of speaking, ex: They are speaking
english now
• a future time, ex: we are leaving for sumatra
tommorrow
Present Progressive (Continuous)

Time marker:
• Now
• At the moment
• At present
• Tonight
• Tommorow
 Tips
• Verbing (Present Participle)
• Add ing to most verbs. Ex. play > playing, cry >
crying, bark > barking
• For verbs that end in e, remove the e and add ing. Ex:
slide > sliding, ride > riding
• For verbs that end in ie, change the ie to y and add
ing. Ex: die > dying, tie > tying
• For a verb whose last syllable is written with a
consonant-vowel-consonant and is stressed, double
the last letter before adding ing. Ex: beg > begging,
begin > beginning. However: enter > entering (last
syllable is not stressed)
 Negatives in the Present
Progressive (Continuous)
Subject A form of be + Verbing Rest of Sentence
I am not working on that project now
He / She / It isn’t sleeping at the moment
in the marathon
You / We / They aren’t running
tomorrow

• I’m not listening to you.

• Roger isn’t eating with us tonight.
• The Smiths aren’t going to France this year. They’re
going to Thailand.
• He is not coming with me dressed like that!
 Yes/No Questions in the Present
Progressive (Continuous)
A Form of be Subject Verbing Rest of Sentence
Am I making myself clear
Is he / she / it shaking right now
steaks for dinner
Are you / we / they buying
tomorrow

• Am I talking too much?

• Is that your dog barking?
• Are you participating in the competition next
week?

Tim MKU Bahasa Inggris

 Wh-Questions in the Present
Progressive
Rest of
Wh Word A form of be Subject Verbing
Sentence
Who am I meeting with today
What is he / she / it doing right now
you / we / the colors for
When are choosing
they the room

• Which route are you taking to the conference this

week?
• Why is she bleeding?
• Who am I sending to the meeting?
Tim MKU Bahasa Inggris
 Tag Questions in the Present
Progressive
They’re formed by using a positive sentence in the present
progressive and adding isn’t or aren’t and a pronoun (I,
you, we, they, he, she, it) and a question mark. For
sentences in the first person (I), use the tag aren’t I?

• Terry is driving to the post office, isn’t she?

• All the kids in the class are going on the field trip, aren’t
they?
• I‘m buying tickets for everyone, aren’t I?
• Latika‘s not working at IBM anymore, is she?
• Tomer and Guy aren’t going on the trek to South
America, are they?

Tim MKU Bahasa Inggris

 3. Present Perfect Tense
• We use the present perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified
time before now.
• The exact time is not important.
• You CANNOT use the present perfect with specific time expressions such as:
yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in Japan, at
that moment, that day, one day, etc.
• We CAN use the present perfect with unspecific expressions such as: ever,
never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.
Examples:
• I have seen that movie twenty times.
• There have been many earthquakes in California.
• People have traveled to the Moon.
• Have you read the book yet?
• Nobody has ever climbed that mountain.
 Present Perfect Tense
How Do You Actually Use the Present Perfect?
• You can use the present perfect to describe your
experience. It is like saying, "I have the experience of..."
• You can also use this tense to say that you have never had a
certain experience.
• The present perfect is NOT used to describe a specific
event.

Example:
I have been to France.
I have never been to France.
 Present Perfect Tense
How Do You Actually Use the Present Perfect?
• Change Over Time
• We often use the present perfect to talk about change that has
happened over a period of time.

Example:
• You have grown since the last time I saw you.
• The government has become more interested in arts education.
• Japanese has become one of the most popular courses at the
university since the Asian studies program was established.
• My English has really improved since I moved to Australia.
 Present Perfect Tense
How Do You Actually Use the Present Perfect?
• Accomplishments
• We often use the present perfect to list the
accomplishments of individuals and humanity. You cannot
mention a specific time.

Example:
• Man has walked on the Moon.
• Our son has learned how to read.
• Doctors have cured many deadly diseases.
• Scientists have split the atom.
 Present Perfect Tense
How Do You Actually Use the Present Perfect?
• An Uncompleted Action You Are Expecting
• We often use the present perfect to say that an action which we
expected has not happened. Using the present perfect suggests
that we are still waiting for the action to happen.

Example:
• James has not finished his homework yet.
• Susan hasn't mastered Japanese, but she can communicate.
• Bill has still not arrived.
• The rain hasn't stopped.
 Present Perfect Tense
How Do You Actually Use the Present Perfect?
• Multiple Actions at Different Times
• We also use the present perfect to talk about several different
actions which have occurred in the past at different times.
Present perfect suggests the process is not complete and more
actions are possible.

Example:
• The army has attacked that city five times.
• I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this semester.
• We have had many major problems while working on this
project.
• She has talked to several specialists about her problem, but
nobody knows why she is sick.
 4. Present Perfect Continuous/
Progressive Tense
Subject Have/ has + Verb Past Participle or Verb 3 + ....
I Have been Have been Have been Have been
learning traveling visiting doing
We/ You/ They Have been Have been Have been Have been
learning traveling visiting doing
He/ She/ It has been has been has been has been doing
learning traveling visiting

• An action (quite a long action) which began in the past

and has continued to the present
• The action or state has not stopped at the present time,
it is still happening or going on
• Time marker: since, for
 Negative Sentences in the Present
Perfect Progressive (Continuous)
Subject Auxillery Verb Been + Verbing Rest of Sentence

I / You / We / They haven’t (have not) been lying to you

weill since the

He / She / It hasn’t (has not) been sleeping
accident

• I haven’t been feeling well lately.

• Simon hasn’t been attending class regularly since he got a job.
• The sales team hasn’t been performing at the top of their game.
• He has not been paying attention!
 Yes/No Questions in the Present
Perfect Progressive (Continuous)
Auxiliary Verb Subject Been + Verbing Rest of Sentence
I / you / we / since this
Have been working
they morning
Has he / she / it been earning minimum wage
you clean the
Hasn’t he / she / it been helping
house

• Have you been keeping track of sales?

• Has Jerry been picking fruit from my trees again?

Tim MKU Bahasa Inggris

 Wh-Questions in the Present
Perfect Progressive (Continuous)
Auxiliary Been + Rest of
Wh-Word Subject
Verb Verbing Sentence
I / you / we /
What have been doing lately
they
documents
Why has he / she / it been copying
all day

• What have you been doing since I left?

• Why has the phone been ringing for the last two
hours?
• How long has he been waiting?

Tim MKU Bahasa Inggris

 5. Simple Past Tense
Subject Was/ were + ..........................................
I was A student at that time
We / you/ they were There yesterday
He/ she/ it was Busy last night

I was A student at that time

They were There yesterday
Thomas was Busy last night

Simple past tense is a verb form that is used to express:

1. One action which happened or took place at a
particular time in the past
2. Repeated, habitual actions in the past
FORMING THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE
Affirmative
Subject + verb + ed
I skipped.
Negative
Subject + did not + infinitive without to
They didn't go.
Interrogative
Did + subject + infinitive without to
Did she arrive?
Interrogative negative
Did not + subject + infinitive without to
Didn't you play?
FORMING THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE

TO WALK
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I walked I didn't walk Did I walk?
You walked You didn't walk Did you walk?
He walked He didn't walk Did he walk?
We walked We didn't walk Did we walk?
They walked They didn't walk Did they walk?
 SIMPLE PAST TENSE OF TO BE, TO
HAVE, TO DO
Subject Verb
Be Have Do
I was had did
You were had did
He/She/It was had did
We were had did
You were had did
They were had did
NOTES ON AFFIRMATIVE, NEGATIVE, &
INTERROGATIVE FORMS

AFFIRMATIVE
• The affirmative of the simple past tense is
simple.

Example:
• I was in Japan last year
• She had a headache yesterday.
• We did our homework last night.
 NOTES ON AFFIRMATIVE, NEGATIVE, &
INTERROGATIVE FORMS
NEGATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE
• For the negative and interrogative simple past form of "to do" as an ordinary verb, use
the auxiliary "did", e.g. We didn't do our homework last night.
The negative of "have" in the simple past is usually formed using the auxiliary "did", but
sometimes by simply adding not or the contraction "n't".
• The interrogative form of "have" in the simple past normally uses the auxiliary "did".

EXAMPLES
• They weren't in Rio last summer.
• We didn't have any money.
• We didn't have time to visit the Eiffel Tower.
• We didn't do our exercises this morning.
• Were they in Iceland last January?
• Did you have a bicycle when you were young?

Note: For the negative and interrogative form of all verbs in the simple past, always use the
auxiliary 'did''.
 SIMPLE PAST, IRREGULAR VERBS

TO GO
• He went to a club last night.
• Did he go to the cinema last night?
• He didn't go to bed early last night.

TO GIVE
• We gave her a doll for her birthday.
• They didn't give John their new address.
• Did Barry give you my passport?

TO COME
• My parents came to visit me last July.
• We didn't come because it was raining.
• Did he come to your party last week?
 6. Past Progressive Tense
(Continuous)
Subject + was/ were +
Subject + Verb 2
Verb 1 + ing
When or while
Subject + was/ were +
Subject + Verb 2
verb 1 + ing

I Was watching Was attending Was doing Was asking

We/ you/ were watching were were doing were asking
They attending
He/ She/ It Was watching Was attending Was doing Was asking

• Someone knocked the door when I was watching TV

• Adam was talking to the policeman while her wife
was crying
 Past Progressive Tense
(Continuous)
The past continuous/progressive tense is a verb form
(bentuk kata kerja) that is used to express :
1. An action that was taking place simultaneously when it
was interrupted another activity in the past.
Shanti was watching TV when someone knocked the
door
2. An action which was accurring at some spesific time in
the past.
What were you doing at 9.50? At 9.50 I was doing my
assignment

Marker time: when, while, at

 Spelling Tip
Verbing (Present Participle)
• Add ing to most verbs. Ex. play > playing, cry >
crying, bark > barking
• For verbs that end in e, remove the e and add ing. Ex:
slide > sliding, ride > riding
• For verbs that end in ie, change the ie to y and add
ing. Ex: die > dying, tie > tying
• For a verb whose last syllable is written with a
consonant-vowel-consonant and is stressed, double
the last letter before adding ing. Ex: beg > begging,
begin > beginning. However: enter > entering (last
syllable is not stressed)
 Negatives in the Past Progressive
(Continuous)
Subject a form of be + verbing rest of sentence
I /He / She / It wasn’t crying when you came home
there when the
You / We / They weren’t hiking
earthquake hit

• I wasn’t sleeping when you came home last

night.
• When Ms. Foster came in, the girls weren’t
studying.
• Sam wasn’t lying when he said he loved you.
 Yes/No Questions in the Past
Progressive (Continuous)
A form of Be subject verbing rest of sentence
Was I walking too fast
while you were
Was he / she / it shouting
trying to sleep
for her when the
Were you / we / they waiting
plane landed

• Was I talking to you?

• Were you writing the report when the electricity
went off?
• When you came home, was he singing in the
shower?
• Wasn’t Tom sitting in the cafe when you drove past?
 Wh-Questions in the Past
Progressive (Continuous)
rest of
Wh Word a form of be subject verbing
sentence

Who was I talking to

What was he / she / it doing

you / we / on telling me
When were planning
they the bad news

• Where were you standing when the trouble

started?
• Who was I talking to? I can’t remember.
• Why wasn’t she waiting at the meeting point?
 Tag Questions in the Past
Progressive (Continuous)
They’re formed by using a positive sentence in
the past progressive and adding wasn’t or
weren’t and a pronoun (I, you, we, they, he,
she, it) and a question mark.
• I was snoring last night, wasn’t I?
• They were all rushing for the exit, weren’t
they?
• When Mr. Thomas called, David was solving
crossword puzzles, wasn’t he?
Tim MKU Bahasa Inggris
 7. Past Perfect Tense

• The past perfect tense is a verb form that

is used to express an action that
happened or was completed in the past
before another action in the past
• The markers: after, before, when
 Past Perfect Tense
Subject + had+ Verb Past Participle or Verb 3 + .........................

I Had arrived Had finished Had got Had waited

We/ You Had arrived Had finished Had got Had waited
/They
He/ She/ It Had arrived Had finished Had got Had waited

All ministers had arrived before Mr. President came

at the presidential palace
I went to Galeria Mall after I had finished my
homework
Hundredsof passengers when The plane came
had waited for two hours
 Useful Tip
In many cases a complete sentence is written in two parts with two
different tenses:
• The past perfect simple, to refer to the action that happened first
or earlier
• The past simple to refer to the action that happened second or
later

Example:
• After Sofie had finished her work, she went to lunch.
(First she finished her work and then she went to eat lunch.)
• I washed the floor when the painter had gone.
(First the painter left and then I washed the floor.)
• Harold had known about it for a while.
(First he knew about it, then others knew about it)
 Negative Sentences in the Past
Perfect Simple Tense
Verb in V3
Subject Auxillery Verb Rest of Sentence
(Past Participle)

I / You / We / hadn’t (had not) driven a car before then

They
He / She / It had never driven a car before then

• I had not eaten at that restaurant before today.

• Samantha hadn’t had time to explain her side of the story.
• My friends hadn’t ever gone to France.
• My friends had never gone to the USA either.
 Yes/No Questions in the Past
Perfect Simple
Verb in V3
Auxiliary Verb Subject Rest of Sentence
(Past Participle)

I / you / we /
time to rehearse
Had they had
you’re the song
he / she / it

Had he / she / it eaten there before

• Had you cleaned up the mess by the time they came

home?
• Had Adam ever spoken to the CEO before he was
fired?
 Wh-Questions in the Past Perfect
Simple
Verb in V3
Auxiliary Rest of
Wh-Word Subject (Past
Verb Sentence
Participle)

before
What had I / you / we / taught leaving
they education
he / she / it
Why had changed the subject

• What had they said that made him so angry?

• Why had he agreed to work for that salary?
• How much had he drunk before you got to him?
 Tag Questions in the Past Perfect
Simple
They’re formed by writing a regular sentence in the
past perfect simple, then by adding hadn’t and a
pronoun (I, you, we, they, he, she, it) and a question
mark.
• John had known about the cancer for a couple of
years, hadn’t he?
• They had been in business together, hadn’t they?
• Jennifer hadn’t spoken to you about it, had she?
• They had never eaten a proper Indian meal, had
they?
 8. Past Perfect Continuous
• We use the past perfect continuous to show that something
started in the past and continued up until another time in the
past.
• "For five minutes" and "for two weeks" are both durations which
can be used with the past perfect continuous.
• The duration does not continue until now, it stops before
something else in the past.

Examples:
• They had been talking for over an hour before Tony arrived.
• She had been working at that company for three years when it
went out of business.
 Past Perfect Continuous
• Using the past perfect continuous before another action
in the past is a good way to show cause and effect.

Examples:
• Jason was tired because he had been jogging.
• Sam gained weight because he had been overeating.
• Betty failed the final test because she had not been
attending class.
 FORMING THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

The past perfect continuous is composed of two elements - the past

perfect of the verb to be (=had been) + the present participle (base+ing).

Subject had been verb + ing

I had been walking
Affirmative
She had been trying
Negative
She hadn't been sleeping
Interrogative
Had you been eating?
Interrogative negative
Hadn't they been living?
 Past Perfect Continuous

TO BUY, PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I had been buying I hadn't been buying Had I been buying?

You had been buying You hadn't been buying Had you been buying?
She had been buying She hadn't been buying Had she been buying?
We had been buying We hadn't been buying Had we been buying?
They had been buying They hadn't been buying Had they been buying?

Tim MKU Bahasa Inggris

 9. Simple Future

The future can be expressed in several ways in

English. Here are the different possibilities:
1. Future Simple: will + base form of the verb
2. Be Going To: am, is, are + going to + base form
of the verb
3. Shall: Shall + subject + base form of the verb?
4. Future Progressive: will be + verbing
5. Present Simple and Present Progressive with
Future Meaning
 Future Simple: Will + Base Form of the Verb

This form is used to:

1. Describe a simple action in the future:
• She‘ll write the e-mail after lunch.
• Alice won’t help us decorate for the party.
2. Make a prediction or give a warning:
• Don’t lift that. You‘ll hurt yourself
• If you don’t finish the bid, the boss won’t give you
a raise.
3. Make a spontaneous decision:
• You dropped your purse. I‘ll get it.
 Future Simple: Will + Base Form of the Verb

will or won’t +verb

Subject rest of sentence
Positive Negative

I / You / We / They
will see won’t see you tomorrow night
He / She / It

base form of the

Will subject rest of sentence
verb

I / You / We / They
Will (Won’t) send that fax for me
He / She / It

base form of
Wh word Will subject rest of sentence
the verb

What will I / You / We / tell him tonight

They
Why won’t He / She / It finish the project
 Future – Be Going To
We usually use am, is or are + going to + the base
form of the verb to talk about actions in the future
that have already been decided on.
Form of be + going to base
rest of
Subject form of
Positive Negative sentence
the verb

I am going to am not going to

isn’t (is not) going

He / She / It is going to some clothes
to buy
tomorrow
You / We / aren’t (are not)
are going to
They going to
 Future – Be Going To
A form of be subject going to + verb rest of sentence

Am I

Is / Isn’t he / she / it going to eat lunch today

Are/ Aren’t you / we / they

going to + rest of
Wh- word A form of be subject
verb sentence

am I

is / Isn’t he / she / it going to

Why the news
watch
you / we /
are/ aren’t
they
 Future: Shall
Shall is used with the subjects I and we to make
suggestions or to offer to do something for someone.
It is always used in the form of a question.

base form of the

Will subject rest of sentence
verb

Shall I / We send out for pizza

Examples:
• Shall we go for a walk?
• Shall I help you with that?
 The simple future is used:
• To predict a future event:
It will rain tomorrow.
• With I or We, to express a spontaneous
decision:
I'll pay for the tickets by credit card.
• To express willingness:
I'll do the washing-up.
He'll carry your bag for you.
• In the negative form, to express unwillingness:
The baby won't eat his soup.
I won't leave until I've seen the manager!
Tim MKU Bahasa Inggris
 The simple future is used:
• With I in the interrogative form using "shall", to make an offer:
Shall I open the window?
• With we in the interrogative form using "shall", to make a
suggestion:
Shall we go to the cinema tonight?
• With I in the interrogative form using "shall", to ask for advice or
instructions:
What shall I tell the boss about this money?
• With you, to give orders:
You will do exactly as I say.
• With you in the interrogative form, to give an invitation:
Will you come to the dance with me?
Will you marry me?

Tim MKU Bahasa Inggris

 10. Future Progressive
(a) I will begin to study at seven. You will come at
eight.
I will be studying when you come

(b) Don’t call me at nine because I won’t be home.

I am going to be studying at the library.

The future progressive expresses an activity that

will be in progress at a time in the future. Will or
be going to may be used.
Future Progressive (Continuous) –
will + be + verbing
Spelling Tip
• Add ing to most verbs. Ex. play > playing, cry >
crying, bark > barking
• For verbs that end in e, remove the e and add ing. Ex:
slide > sliding, ride > riding
• For verbs that end in ie, change the ie to y and add
ing. Ex: die > dying, tie > tying
• For a verb whose last syllable is written with a
consonant-vowel-consonant and is stressed, double
the last letter before adding ing. Ex: beg > begging,
begin > beginning. However: enter > entering (last
syllable is not stressed)
 Future Progressive (Continuous)
We use will/wont + be + verbing (present participle) when we know that
an action will be in progress at some time in the future or to describe
something that has been pre-arranged.

will / won’t + be + verbing

Subject rest of sentence
Positive Negative

I / You / We /
They will be waiting won’t be waiting for you
He / She / It

• Don’t phone me before 12:00. I will be meeting with a client.

• You can take my car tomorrow. I won’t be using it.
• This time next year, we will be living in our new home.
 Yes/No Questions
in the Future Progressive (Continuous)
To ask a question that will be answered with either a yes or no, start with
Will or Won’t, then choose your subject (the person or thing that will be
doing the action), followed by be + verbing (present participle).

Will/Wont Subject be + verbing Rest of Sentence

at the show next

Will I be exhibiting
month
he / she / it
you / we / they to the wedding on
Won’t be coming
Sunday

• Will Allen be participating in the science fair next week ?

• Won’t you be visiting your mother when I’m in town?
 Wh-Questions
in the Future Progressive (Continuous)

• Wh- questions are questions that require more information in their

answers. Typical wh- words are what, where, when, which, why, who,
how,
• To create a wh-question, start with the wh-word, then will +the subject
(a person or thing that is doing the action), followed by be + the ing (
present participle) form of the verb.

Wh Word will/wont subject verbing rest of sentence

I
with the CEO
When will he / she / it be meeting
today
you / we / they

• Where will he be waiting for me?

• How will you be travelling to the exhibition?
 Wh-Questions
in the Future Progressive (Continuous)

Some Wh-questions have a different word order:

rest of
Wh Word subject will verbing
sentence

How many people will be attending the show

Who will be going with you

• How many contestants will be attempting to win the

prize?
• Which runners will be running the race?
 11. Future Perfect
FUNCTION
• The future perfect tense refers to a completed action in the
future.
• When we use this tense we are projecting ourselves forward
into the future and looking back at an action that will be
completed some time later than now.
• It is most often used with a time expression.

EXAMPLES
• I will have been here for six months on June 23rd.
• By the time you read this I will have left.
• You will have finished your report by this time next week.
• Won't they have arrived by 5:00?
• Will you have eaten when I pick you up?
 Future Perfect

• The future perfect is composed of two

elements
the simple future of the verb "to have" (will
have) + the past participle of the main verb

Subject + will have + past participle

of the main verb
He will have finished.
I will have finished.
 The Future Perfect Tense

• To form the future perfect simple, use will have + V3 (past

participle) form of the verb.

will /will not + have +

Subject (V3) form of the verb Rest of Sentence
(Past Participle)

here for three years by

I / You / We / They
will have worked the time the visa needs
He / She / It
to be renewed.

I / You / We / They all the math problems by

won’t have solved
He / She / It then.

• By this time next year we will have been married for 30 years.
• If all goes well, by June 2012, I will have finished my university
degree.
 Yes/No Questions –
Future Perfect Simple
• To form Yes/No questions in the future perfect simple
tense use: Will/Won’t + Subject + have + V3 (past
participle) form of the verb.

Verb in V3
Auxiliary Verb Subject Rest of Sentence
(Past Participle)

Will I / you / we / have gone home by then?

they dinner by the
Won’t he / she / it have eaten
time I get home?

• Will she have gotten her passport by then?

• Won’t you have sent the documents by Thursday?
 TO ARRIVE, FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

Affirmative Negative Interrogative Negative

Interrogative
I will have arrived I won't have arrived Will I have arrived? Won't I have
arrived?
You will have You won't have Will you have Won't you have
arrived arrived arrived? arrived?
He will have arrived He won't have Will he have Won't he have
arrived arrived? arrived?
We will have arrived We won't have Will we have Won't we have
arrived arrived? arrived?
They will have They won't have Will they have Won't they have
arrived arrived arrived? arrived?
12. Future Perfect Progressive

a) When Prof. Jones retires next month, he

will have been teaching for 40 years.

The future perfect progressive expresses

the duration of an activity that will be in
progress before another time or event in
the future.
 Future Perfect Progressive

• The future perfect progressive tense is used to talk

about an action that will already have started and
will still be happening by a certain time in the
future.
• We use time expressions such as for 30 minutes
and since early morning to describe the length of
time the activity has already going on.
 Future Perfect Progressive

• To form a sentence in the future perfect progressive use

will + have + been verbing (present participle) form of the
verb.

have + been +
Time Expression Subject rest of sentence
verbing

I / You / We /
will have been
By October 1st, They for two months.
travelling
He / She / It

• By the time you get here, we will have been building the house for a
year.
• By 2008, Adam will have been selling sports equipment for 10 years.
 TOEFL Grammar Test
1. I could not meet him because he ———————- out
before I arrived.
a) had gone b) went c) goes has gone
2. This ———————- on for a long time.
a) had been going b) has gone c) was going d) is going
3. When I ——————— to London, I will see him.
a) go b) went c) goes d) have gone
4. If I ——————— this, I would have done wrong.
a) had done b) would have done c) would do d) have
done
5. I ———————– for a walk yesterday.
a) go b) went c) had been d) would go
GRAMAR FOR WRITING
GRAMAR FOR WRITING
Tugas