Ecolizer 2.0 LCA Tables

ecolizer
ecodesign tool
Make the difference
with this guide
to ecodesign!
Cover_def.indd 1 23-12-2009 16:39:32

How what why
00
How •
  what •
  why Make an inventory and limit
the use of energy-intensive
materials.
Avoid scarce materials.
Make a product as light as

technically possible.
Give all components the

same lifespan or make
sure they can be replaced
separately.
Simplify repairs and reuse.
Estimate the duration of the

product warranty.
Make a sound analysis of the

real need without consid-
ering the product as the
answer to that need.
Perhaps the product can

be used by various people;
perhaps a service is a better
solution
  for
  fulfilment
  of
  the
  
need.
Ecolizer EN.indb 5 23-12-2009 16:48

What you should 00.01
know before you start...
This Ecolizer was developed for designers who

wish to analyse the environmental impact of
their product. It contains tens of sheets with
hundreds of eco-indicators.
Eco-‐indicators
  are
  numbers
  that
  reflect
  the
  
environmental burden of materials, processing
procedures, transport, energy, recycling and
waste treatment. The higher the score, the big-
ger the environmental impact.
The
  first
  Ecolizer
  was
  developed
  in
  2005.
  
Eco-indicators were then calculated using the
“Eco-indicator ’99 method”. Four years later,
an update is required. Not only have new data
become available, the calculation method has
improved
  as
  well.
  As
  a
  result,
  the
  Ecolizer
  2.0
  
uses both recalculated eco-indicators and the
most
  recent
  scientific
  method.
  This
  means
  
that you can’t use it for comparisons to, or for
combining numbers with, data published earlier
in
  the
  first
  Ecolizer
  version.
  
For calculation of the data, we opted for the

“ReCiPe method”, the logical and updated
successor of the “Eco-indicator ’99 method”.
Environmental impact categories (mid point)
and
  damage
  categories
  (end
  point)
  were
  defined
  
and weighed further into one single indicator.
For more information on the Ecolizer please visit
www.ovam.be/ecolizer.
The data in this Ecolizer are based on the

Eco-‐invent
  2.0
  database.
  Using
  the
  software
  
programme SimaPro, VITO performed the calcu-
lations
  at
  the
  end
  of
  2009.
Although OVAM supports the work method used
for
  the
  Ecolizer
  2.0,
  not
  all
  results
  or
  indicators
  
should be considered approved OVAM’s point of
view.
The
  Ecolizer
  2.0
  is
  meant
  for
  internal
  use,
  e.g.
  
for product development; it is not intended for
environmental marketing, for environmental
labels or to publicly prove the advantages of
product A over B, nor is it meant for use in the
governmental issue of standards and directives.

What you should 00.02
know before you start...
The
  Ecolizer
  2.0
  is
  primarily
  a
  tool
  for
  designers,
  
helping them to assess environmental product
impact and to choose the proper material for
each
  individual
  application.
  It
  is
  a
  first
  step
  
towards ecodesign, but not the only one.
Defining
  a
  life
  cycle
  scenario
  and
  determining
  
a functional unit of your product/design are
particularly important when using the Ecolizer.
For some, the Ecolizer will prove too complex
and time-consuming, for others it may not be
sophisticated enough. Alternatives are available
to
  fulfil
  the
  needs
  of
  both
  types
  of
  users.
  
The
  Ecolizer
  2.0
  is
  particularly
  suitable
  for
  
calculating the product’s environmental impact.
A few other ecodesign guidelines, such as nested
packaging, modular construction, timeless
design, etc., are not taken into account. The
Ecolizer
  2.0
  uses
  European
  data
  only.
  This
  must
  
be taken into consideration in case part of a
product chain falls outside this scope.
To meet the broad range of materials included in

your work as a designer, we also added materials
and processes from other disciplines, such as a
series of building materials for stand construc-
tion and exhibitions. Calculating the environ-
mental impact of a building is, however, not the
purpose
  of
  the
  Ecolizer
  2.0.
  Other,
  more
  suitable
  
instruments are available for that purpose.
Some
  materials,
  such
  as
  very
  specific
  metal
  
alloys, plastics and textile products, are not
included because they are not available in the
European databases. In those cases, an estimate
on the basis of comparable indicators has prefer-
ence over omitting the indicator altogether.
Further research on the basis of designers’ own

findings
  and
  feedback
  will
  lead
  to
  more
  additions
  
and improvements of the Ecolizer.
With
  the
  Ecolizer
  2.0,
  OVAM
  offers
  you
  a
  
scientifically
  well-‐founded
  tool
  that
  can
  help
  
to increase the environmental safety of your
design/product. We have tried to make the Ecol-
izer
  2.0
  as
  complete
  as
  possible,
  however,
  we
  
call on designers and producers availing of more
accurate data to have those incorporated in cen-
tral databases such as Eco-invent and databases
under
  construction
  in
  the
  EU.
  

Table of contents 00.03
What you should know before you start … ... 00.01

Table of contents............................................ 00.03
Why? ................................................................ 00.05
What? .............................................................. 00.06
How? ................................................................ 00.08
Notes .............................................................. 00.09
What is included on a sheet? ......................... 00.11
Concepts ......................................................... 00.12
Template analysis matrix .............................. 00.16
Detailed examples ........................................ 00.17
Ferrous metals
Iron .................................................................. 01.01
Stainless steel ................................................ 01.02
Steel ............................................................... 01.03
Ferrochrome .................................................. 01.04
Ferronickel .................................................... 01.05
Non-ferrous metals
Aluminium ...................................................... 02.01
Bronze ............................................................ 02.02
Copper ............................................................ 02.03
Brass .............................................................. 02.04
Tin .................................................................. 02.05
Other ............................................................... 02.06
Plastics
ABS .................................................................. 03.01
EVA................................................................... 03.02
  
PA ..................................................................... 03.03
PC .................................................................... 03.04
PE .................................................................... 03.05
PET .................................................................. 03.06
PMMA ............................................................... 03.07
PP .................................................................... 03.08
PS..................................................................... 03.09
PUR .................................................................. 03.10
PVC .................................................................. 03.11
SAN .................................................................. 03.12
Recycled plastics ............................................ 03.13
  
Bioplastics ....................................................... 03.14
  
Composites ..................................................... 03.15
Rubber ............................................................. 03.16
Teflon .............................................................. 03.17

Table of contents 00.04
Wood
Wood, untreated ............................................ 04.01
Wood, layered ................................................ 04.02
Wood, chipped................................................ 04.03
  
Paper and packaging

Paper ............................................................... 05.01
Newsprint paper ............................................. 05.02
Cardboard ....................................................... 05.03
Packaging glass ............................................... 05.04
Paperboard packaging .................................... 05.05
  
Energy
Electricity (voltage) ....................................... 06.01
Electricity (according to extraction) ............ 06.02
Heat................................................................. 06.03
Transport
Transport ......................................................... 07.01
Lighting and electronic components

Lighting ........................................................... 08.01
Electronic components .................................. 08.02
Construction materials
Concrete and cement .................................... 09.01
Plaster and chalk products ............................ 09.02
Brick and ceramics ......................................... 09.03
Minerals ........................................................... 09.04
Insulation ........................................................ 09.05
Glass ................................................................ 09.06
Blockboard ...................................................... 09.07
  
Textile ............................................................. 09.08
Chemicals
Paint and inks ................................................. 10.01
Inorganic ......................................................... 10.02
Organic ............................................................ 10.03
Glues ............................................................... 10.04

Why? 00.05
The
  Ecolizer
  2.0
  allows
  designers
  to
  easily
  
analyse which materials, processes, components
or
  life
  cycle
  phases
  contribute
  most
  significantly
  
to a product’s environmental impact.
Additionally, you can compare various material
and product alternatives.
As a designer, while developing a product you

will
  determine
  various
  parameters
  defining
  its
  
environmental impact throughout its life cycle.
Your
  decision
  to
  choose
  a
  specific
  material
  or
  
process immediately affects the impact on the
environment.
With
  this
  Ecolizer
  2.0,
  OVAM
  hands
  you
  a
  basic
  
tool that can help you to make expert decisions
in that respect.
The OVAM considers ecodesign to be one of

the most powerful strategies for its waste and
materials policy. At the same time, product
designers and companies are challenged to
create better value with less impact by using
scarce materials and energy sources more
economically.
The OVAM is convinced that eco-design drives

producers to a higher degree of innovation, and
companies to engage in it.
Working with environmental indicators is one
of several possibilities to apply ecodesign.
Depending on the purpose or the assignment,
other methods are available as well.

What? 00.06
Each product has an impact on the environment

and their impact will vary. Raw materials need
to be extracted; the product must be manufac-
tured, distributed and packed. At the end of its
life, it is disposed of.
In addition, environmental impact may occur
during use as a result of the product’s energy or
material consumption. As a result, all phases of
the life cycle need to be considered if we seek to
establish the environmental impact of a product.
An environmental analysis of all life phases is
called a Life Cycle Analysis.
Eco-indicators of materials and processes

have
  been
  established
  for
  the
  Ecolizer
  2.0.
  An
  
eco-indicator is a criterion for measuring the
environmental impact of a material or process.
The higher the indicator, the greater the envi-
ronmental burden.
The eco-indicator is literally an indicator: it is

merely indicative. As such, the absolute value
of the Eco-indicator does not carry a lot of
practical weight. It is the relative comparison of
materials and processes that counts. One eco-
indicator point corresponds to one thousandth of
the total annual environmental burden caused by
an average European. The unit used in Ecolizer
2.0
  is
  a
  millipoint
  (Mpt)
  and
  hence
  corresponds
  
to one millionth of that environmental burden.
The
  first
  Ecolizer
  was
  created
  in
  2005.
  Eco-‐
indicators were then calculated using the
“Eco-indicator ’99 method”. Four years later,
an update was required. Not only have new
data become available, the calculation method
has improved as well. As a result, the Ecolizer
2.0
  uses
  both
  recalculated
  eco-‐indicators
  and
  
the
  most
  recent
  scientific
  method.
  This
  means
  
that you can’t use it for comparisons to, or for
combining numbers with, data published earlier
in
  the
  first
  Ecolizer
  version.
  

What? 00.07
For calculation of the data we chose the “ReCiPe

method”, the logical and updated successor of
the “Eco-indicator ’99 method”. It integrates
environmental impact categories (mid point)
and damage categories. ReCiPe includes no less
than
  19
  environmental
  impact
  categories
  (such
  
as
  ozone
  layer
  depletion,
  acidification
  and
  eu-
trophication, human and eco-toxicity, use of land
and water and exhaustion of raw materials,...).
These
  19
  environmental
  impact
  categories
  are
  
further calculated into three environmentally
damaging categories: impact on human health,
impact on ecosystems and exhaustion of raw
materials. As for weighing, ReCiPe uses the same
principles as the Eco-Indicator ’99 method.
The following table shows the average weighing

factors for impact:
Human health ..................................................... 400

Ecosystems ....................................................... 400
Raw materials .................................................... 200
After calculation of the impact of a certain

material on the individual environmental
categories, that impact is translated into ‘dam-
age’.
  Using
  the
  weighing
  factors
  from
  the
  table,
  
the
  impact
  for
  each
  damage
  category
  is
  finally
  
expressed in one single indicator. That indicator
can be found in the sheets.
Please observe that these numbers have a

relatively high uncertainty. Small differences be-
tween scores for two products must be treated
with particular care.

How? 00.08
How
  do
  you
  define
  a
  product’s
  environmental
  
impact?
In most cases, a simple approach, starting with a
“rough” calculation is best.
Adding details and reviewing or including data
can be done at a later stage.
You thus avoid losing too much time on the
details.
For a correct application of the Ecolizer, you will

always work through the following steps.
Step 1
Describe the product or product part under
analysis
  or
  comparison
  and
  define
  the
  accuracy.
  
Step 2
Draw a diagram of the product’s life cycle with
equal attention for production, use and waste
treatment. Depending on relevance, transport
and recycling can be included as well.
Detailed examples are provided further down.
More information and a template for an overview
matrix can be found on the website: www.ovam.
be/ecolizer.
Step 3
Quantify and record the materials and processes,
determine a functional unit and make estimates
with regard to unavailable data.
Find the accompanying eco-indicator values and
calculate the scores by multiplying quantities
with indicator values.
Step 4
Make an interpretation of the results, check
the estimates and uncertainties and draw
conclusions.
The most important processes and phases in the
life cycle or which alternative comes out best
can be derived from the highest scores.
Always
  check
  the
  influence
  of
  estimates
  and
  
uncertainties: how does a slightly changed
estimate affect the result?
Does the main conclusion hold its ground or do
priorities or product preferences change?
If that is the case, you will have to revise the
estimate and search for additional information.

Notes 00.09
What to do when information is missing?

The calculation of the indicators depends on
available,
  independent
  data.
  If
  no
  specific
  data
  
are available, the Ecolizer will suggest a compa-
rable indicator. These will be marked with a (!),
to
  point
  out
  that
  this
  indicator
  is
  not
  specific
  for
  
the material or process in question.
For example: the indicator available for poly-

ethylene
  plastics,
  is
  the
  one
  that
  is
  specific
  for
  
the
  treatment
  ‘extrusion
  blow
  moulding
  (film)’.
  
Since
  no
  specific
  data
  are
  available
  for
  polypro-
pylene plastics, but both plastics are compa-
rable, the polypropylene sheet also carries the
indicator
  for
  ‘extrusion
  blow
  moulding
  (film)’.
  
To
  point
  out
  that
  the
  indicator
  is
  non-‐specific,
  a
  
(!) is added. No mention of an indicator means
that no generic or replaceable indicator was
available.
The lack of an indicator value for any material or

process can be dealt with as follows:
Check
  whether
  the
  missing
  indicator
  significantly
  
contributes to the total environmental impact.
Leaving out a material or process for lack of
an indicator value is only allowed when the
expected contribution of that particular part is
clearly minimal.
Making an estimate or choosing a substitute usu-
ally has preference over leaving it out.
You can also replace the unknown indicator with

a known indicator. Indicator values for one group
mostly have the same order of magnitude, and
often allow you to make an estimate of the same
order of magnitude for the missing indicator.
Ecolizer EN.indb 10 23-12-2009 16:48

Notes 00.10
Negative
  numbers
  for
  recycling
  and
  waste
  
treatment
Recycling and waste scenarios often lead to
negative numbers. For recycling, this is caused
by deducting the primary material that has been
saved; they occur for waste treatment when
useful energy or material is released. The energy
and materials that are taken back can be consid-
ered
  as
  profitable
  for
  the
  environment.
  
For
  instance:
  redemption
  of
  1
  kg
  of
  scrap
  
material means that less iron ore needs to be
extracted elsewhere. You can therefore deduct
the environmental effects of the production of
1
  kg
  raw
  iron
  from
  the
  environmental
  impact
  
of the related product. In LCA jargon these are
called
  “credits”.
  The
  Ecolizer
  2.0
  uses
  the
  term
  
“primary material saved”. Designers who effec-
tively
  realise
  this
  environmental
  profit
  by
  using
  
recycled materials may count the corresponding
credits
  accordingly.
  Use
  of
  materials
  that
  ‘might’
  
be suitable for recycling, may not be considered
as ‘credit’. Credits for saved materials can only
be settled once in the entire process.
Ecolizer EN.indb 11 23-12-2009 16:48

What is included
in a sheet?
00.11
Production
This area covers all production data on the fol-
lowing sheets for more information.
Processes
This area covers all treatment data on the fol-
lowing sheets for more information.
Recycling/waste treatment
This area covers all recycling and waste treat-
ment data. Please refer to the concepts on the
following sheets for more information.
Legend
Black indicator
The indicator is based on a large quantity of
trustworthy production data relating to that
specific
  material
  or
  process.
Grey indicator
The indicator is based on less trustworthy data,
or the quantity of data used as a basis was
limited.
An exclamation mark (!)

Indicates that generic data for this group of
materials
  are
  included.
  Where
  specific
  data
  are
  
unavailable,
  Ecolizer
  2.0
  suggests
  an
  indicator
  
from a similar material or process.
Units
  and
  abbreviations
  
mPt
The indicator’s value is entered as millipoints
(mPt) per kg, per km, per m, etc.
Attention: this may lead to various materials
carrying several units.
dna
data not available in the databases
na
not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 12 23-12-2009 16:48

Concepts 00.12
Production (of materials)

The whole of production processes, starting from
the
  extraction
  of
  raw
  materials,
  on
  the
  basis
  of
  1
  
kg of materials, unless otherwise stated.
Transport processes are included as well, up
until the last process in the production chain.
Transport processes
For transport processes, the calculation is made
on the basis of the emission impact caused by
extraction and production of fuel and by gener-
ating energy from fuel while driving.
Energy generating processes

Extracting and producing fuels and generating
energy. The electricity score takes into account
the various fuels used in Europe to generate
electricity.
An
  eco-‐indicator
  has
  been
  defined
  for
  high
  
voltage, meant for industrial processes. The low
voltage eco-indicator is meant for household
and small industrial electricity consumption.
The difference is mainly in electricity loss and
infrastructure such as high voltage cables.
The
  significant
  differences
  between
  countries
  
originate from the various production techniques
and fuels. Green power applications also have
an environmental impact, since their production
and infrastructure count as well.
Processes
Treatment and processing of various materials.
Expressed per treatment in the unit which deter-
mines that process (e.g. square meters of rolled
metal plate or per kg extruded plastics).
Ecolizer EN.indb 13 23-12-2009 16:48

Concepts 00.13
Reuse
Any product ending up in the disposal phase will
be examined for partial or whole reuse. In prin-
ciple, the environmental impact caused by offer-
ing the disposed product to a new user for reuse,
is negligible. Reuse shops in Flanders are a good
example of how reuse is being stimulated.
Recycling
Recycling entails closed loop collection of dis-
posed products and their subsequent treatment
for
  recovery
  of
  the
  used
  materials.
  Unfortu-
nately, the term recycling is often applied to
other treatments than recycling. Recycling is
more
  than
  finding
  a
  useful
  purpose
  for
  certain
  
materials.
By contrast, recycling does encompass all useful

applications that reprocess waste into products
and substances for the original or some other
purpose. Hence reprocessing organic waste
is included, but energy recovery is not, nor is
reprocessing into materials intended to be used
as
  fuel
  or
  as
  filling
  materials.
The
  Ecolizer
  limits
  the
  definition
  of
  recycling
  to
  
those actions that ensure maximum retention
of materials within a closed materials cycle.
According
  to
  this
  definition,
  recycling
  does
  not
  
include the treatment of waste into fuels. As a
result of the incineration process, the major part
is converted into emissions to the atmosphere;
the material leaves the materials cycle. The
energy gained from this process is obviously a
positive
  thing,
  however
  the
  Ecolizer
  2.0
  does
  not
  
consider it to be recycling.
High-grade recycling of materials for the original

purpose is preferable because it produces mate-
rials that can be used for the application again.
Low-grade recycling for a different purpose
often involves a material stream that can no
longer be used in the same application. This is
also called down-cycling. Down-cycling is pre-
ferred
  over
  incineration
  or
  landfilling,
  however
  
the material loses much of its value because it
can no longer be used for the same purposes.
Ecolizer EN.indb 14 23-12-2009 16:48

Concepts 00.14
Recycling of materials is determined by the type

of material and the purpose it had. In general,
proper recycling cannot take place unless during
its life cycle and particularly upon collec-
tion as waste, the material retains maximum
purity. Applying eco-design principles can highly
contribute to this. One of the major advantages
of eco-design is that product design can allow
for disassembly as well as recycling, or at least
easier application thereof. A sophisticated
design considers those issues from the start.
Recycling
  various
  materials
  
Metal and glass can and usually are submitted to

high-grade recycling because their structure and
purity are retained in most applications.
Provided its pollution is within limits, particu-

larly
  solid
  wood
  can
  find
  new
  applications
  as
  
timber sheets. Timber products such as MDF and
chipboard on the other hand, are not or hardly
recyclable. Sustained wood waste cannot be
recycled either and undergoes an incineration
and energy recovery procedure.
Plastics can only be recycled if they stay pure

enough. The more plastics are polluted by
colorants and other additives, the less likely
their effective recyclability becomes. Although
technology advances rapidly, plastics are cur-
rently seldom recycled for the same application.
Applications with a mix of recycled plastics into
a new raw material do exist, but a large part of
the plastics is combusted with energy recovery.
Plastic waste distinguishes between pre-con-
sumer and post-consumer stream. Pre-consumer
waste that is released during the production
process can usually undergo high-grade recycling
immediately and usually matches the primary
raw material. It is much harder to assess a pos-
sible application for post-consumer waste. Much
depends
  on
  market
  demand
  and
  economic
  profit-
ability of the individual treatments (sorting,
washing, grinding, etc.). As a result of quality
loss from mixing plastics, this stream is more
likely to be used for thick-walled applications or
black foils.
Ecolizer EN.indb 15 23-12-2009 16:48

Concepts 00.15
The indicators for a waste scenario apply if recy-

cling
  proves
  impossible.
  You
  will
  find
  indicators
  
for European waste treatment. The indicator
always
  contains
  a
  landfilling
  vs.
  incineration
  
relation
  for
  this
  specific
  material.
  
The waste scenarios are based on the concept

that
  80%
  of
  European
  waste
  is
  being
  landfilled
  
and
  20%
  incinerated.
  
In the Flemish Region, household waste is col-
lected by, or by order of the municipalities.
Because a broad range of waste materials is
offered for recycling, composting or reuse, the
quantity of residual waste lies below the Euro-
pean
  average.
  98%
  of
  Flemish
  residual
  waste
  is
  
incinerated
  and
  2%
  is
  being
  landfilled.
The recycling indicators are relevant only if

you are positive that the product fully runs via
the indicated waste treatment, or if you seek
to estimate a mix of waste treatments, e.g. for
electronic appliances.
In an average household in Flanders, materials

such as glass, paper, PMD (plastic, metal and
drink cartons) and GFT (vegetable, fruit and
garden) waste are collected separately and sub-
sequently recycled. The remaining is offered as
residual waste. Residual waste is waste consist-
ing of a mix of materials that can’t be collected
or selected separately.
Inclusion of the ‘total’ indicator for recycling is

required if you wish to incorporate recycling into
your calculations. If no indicator is provided, you
can select an indicator for “primary materials
saved”. This value can be chosen from the indi-
cators for “production” on top of the sheet.
Recycling prevents the production of new

materials. The environmental impact from the
process or the “primary materials saved” can
vary considerably. The tables show both the
environmental impact from the recycling proc-
ess
  and
  the
  “profit”
  from
  the
  primary
  material
  
saved.
Please consider the numbers reported here as an

example of a possible situation and handle them
with corresponding caution.
Ecolizer EN.indb 16 23-12-2009 16:48

Template
analysis matrix
00.16
Product component Project

Date Author
Remarks and conclusions
Production
Material or process Quantity Indicator Result
In this section you can list all materials, processes, transport
and additional energy required for the manufacture of your
product.
Total
Transport
Here you can list all transport required for your product.
Use
Process Quantity Indicator Result
Here you can list all auxiliary materials, transport and
energy required for normal use of your product.
Total
Disposal
Material and type of Quantity Indicator Result
processing
List all recycling and/or disposal processes per material
type here.
Total [mPt]
Total for all phases [mPt]
For
  each
  alternative
  you
  can
  fill
  in
  an
  analysis
  
matrix. It allows you to make a direct com-
parison of the environmental impact effects of
various production methods.
Ecolizer EN.indb 17 23-12-2009 16:48

Detailed
example 1
00.17
Depending on demand, situation and relevance,

phases like transport or recycling/waste treatment
can be added to the calculation.
Coffee machine
Product or component: Project: example 1

coffee machine
Date:
  2009 Author
Analysis based on 5-year use, twice a day, at medium capac-
ity, kept warm for 30 minutes. The appliance follows the EU
waste scenario in the disposal phase.
Production
Material or process Quantity kg Indicator Result
ABS 1 431
   431
Injection moulding
1
   126
   126
ABS
Aluminium 0,1
   1045
   105
Extrusion al 0,1 75 8
Steelplate 0,3
   195
   59
Glass 0,4
   91
   36
Heat for glass
4
  Mj
   7,1
   28
production
Total 793
Consumption
Process Quantity kg Indicator Result
Electricity LV 375
  Kwh
  * 31 11625
Paper 7,3
  Kg 261 1905
Total 13530
* Deduced from measurements
Disposal
Material and type of Quantity kg Indicator Result
processing
ABS scenario waste
1 45
   45
treatment
  in
  EU
Steel scenario waste
0,3 26
   7,8
treatment
  in
  EU
Aluminium scenario
waste treatment 0,1 26 2,6
in
  EU
Glass scenario
waste treatment 0,4 na -
in
  EU
Paper scenario
waste treatment 7,3
   9 66
in
  EU
Total 121
Total across all phases 14444
The next sheet contains the interpretation of the

results of this sample analysis.
Ecolizer EN.indb 18 23-12-2009 16:48

Detailed
example 1
00.18
Interpretation of the results

from the detailed example.
The results indicate that the user phase has the

highest impact.
The score is much higher than the totals for the

production phase and the waste phase.
Your aim as a designer should therefore be to

- cut down on energy consumption,
-‐
   reduce
  use
  of
  paper
  (filters)
  and
  
- reduce the environmental impact of the plastic
compartment by saving material or by choosing
an alternative material.
Check
The
  influence
  of
  assumptions
  is,
  in
  this
  case,
  
negligible, except for those related to use and
lifespan.
The measured electricity consumption is reason-

ably accurate, but the assumption that for a
period
  of
  five
  years,
  coffee
  will
  be
  made
  twice
  a
  
day
  that
  will
  be
  kept
  warm
  for
  30
  minutes,
  is
  not
  
founded on concrete data. Even when assuming
that the appliance will be used only once a
week, the conclusion that energy consumption is
the dominant factor still stands.
The indicator values of the assumptions relating

to disposal of aluminium and paper do not give
cause for other conclusions.
Even
  with
  the
  correct
  disposal
  figures,
  the
  
contribution of the waste phase will remain only
a fraction of the indicator for the consumption
phase.
Improvements
  
Based on this eco-indicator calculation, you
could consider designing a coffee machine with a
thermos
  flask
  instead
  of
  a
  keep
  warm
  facility.
  
Furthermore, you could equip the machine with

a
  permanent
  filter
  instead
  of
  single-‐use
  paper
  
filters.
  
Ecolizer EN.indb 19 23-12-2009 16:48

Detailed
example 2
00.19
Chair
Product or component: Project:

chair example 2
Date:
  2009 Author
A chair with a polypropylene (PP) seating and a plied stain-
less steel frame. The frame is connected to the seating by
four stainless steel screws. The chair’s life cycle is estimated
at 15 years, but since it doesn’t cause any impact during
use, this is hardly relevant. There is no energy consumption
involved and maintenance products are not required.
Delivery per van to the customer averages out at 150 km.
Recycling is always the preferred waste phase. We detailed
both recycling and conventional waste treatment to show
you the difference in environmental impact.
Data
Polypropylene
  seating
  2
  kg
  –
  injection
  moulding
  
  
Frame
  made
  from
  secondary
  stainless
  steel
  3
  kg
  –
  rolling
  –
  
20
  cm
  bending
  
4
  screws
  stainless
  steel
  0.01
  kg
  -‐
  milling
  
  
transport
  per
  van
  <3.5
  tonnes
  
Production
Material or process Quantity kg Indicator Result
PP seating 2 276 552
Injection moulding PP 2 126 252
Stainless steel primary 3,04 551 1675
Stainless steel plate
3 59 177
rolling
Stainless steel bending 20
  cm 2 40
Stainless steel milling 0,04 704 28
Subtotal 2724
Transport
Process Quantity kg Indicator Result
Total weight 5
  Kg
  =
  0,005
  tonnes
Van 186
Transport distance 150
  Km
  -‐>
  0,75
  tkm
subtotal 140
Disposal
Material and type Quantity kg Indicator Result
disposal
Recycling option
Recycling polypropylene 2 -‐251 -‐502
Recycling stainless steel 3 -‐475 -‐1425
Total for option 1: recycling 937
Waste treatment option
PP scenario
2 36 72
waste
  treatment
  in
  EU
Stainless steel scenario
3 26 78
waste
  treatment
  in
  EU
Total for option 2: waste treatment in EU 3014
Conclusions
  and
  options
  for
  improvement
A
  first
  option
  is
  to
  decrease
  the
  weight
  of
  the
  chair.
  You
  might
  
additionally consider substituting a different metal for stainless
steel. Make sure of a design that is compatible with the avail-
able recycling system and check whether high-grade recycling
is possible in reality.
Ecolizer EN.indb 20 23-12-2009 16:48

Detailed
example 3
00.20
Built-in spotlight with LED or halogen
Product or component: Project:

built-in spot example 3
Date:
  2009 Author
Built-in spotlight with aluminium compartment 0.3 kg –
casting – powder coating.
Equipped with 20 LED lights with a life cycle of 50,000 hours
under Flemish circumstances.
Production, consumption and waste phase are included in
the calculation. After use, the spot ends up in a EU waste
scenario. No data available for halogen and LED in the waste
scenario.
Data
Casing
  0.3
  kg
  from
  secondary
  aluminium
  post
  consumer-‐
  high
  
pressure
  casting
  –
  powder
  coating
  0.25
  m2
20
  LED
  lights
  with
  a
  total
  capacity
  of
  5
  watt
  and
  a
  lifespan
  of
  
50,000
  hours
  and
  equipped
  with
  a
  2
  watt
  power
  supply.
  
The
  lamp
  can
  also
  be
  equipped
  with
  a
  35
  watt
  halogen
  
spotlight
  with
  a
  2,000
  hour
  lifespan.
  For
  the
  same
  application
  
we
  thus
  need
  25
  halogen
  lamps.
  
Production
Secondary aluminium 0.3
  Kg 134 40
Aluminium high pressure
0.3
  Kg 382 115
casting
Aluminium powder
0.25
  M2 337
  84 84
coating
20
  LED
  5
  W 20
  pieces 7 140
2
  W
  power
  supply per piece 2723 2723
Halogen
  lamps
  35
  watt 25
  pieces 3 75
Subtotal LED 3102
Subtotal halogen 314
Consumption 50,000 hours
Process Quantity Indicator Result
20
  LED
  5
  W 250
  KWh 31/kWh 7750
Power
  supply:
  2
  W 100
  KWh 31/kWh 3100
Halogen
  lamp
  35
  Watt
   1750
  KWH 31/kWh 54250
Subtotal LED 10850
Disposal
Material and type disposal Quantity Indicator Result
Aluminium 0,3
  Kg
   26 8
Subtotal LED 13960
Conclusions
  and
  options
  for
  improvement
Compared to other lamps, the energy consumed by this spot-
light with LED is much lower, yet energy consumption remains
the most dominant phase and has an impact three times higher
than production. With respect to production, power supply is
the heaviest weighing factor. So even for LEDs, the user phase
remains an important point of attention, particularly because
they have a long life span.
When compared to the halogen version, energy consumption
becomes a predominant factor and despite a higher score for
the production phase, the LED version gets better marks.
Ecolizer EN.indb 21 23-12-2009 16:48

Ferrous metals
01
Ferrous metals Minimise the number of
components, materials and
processes.
Use
  materials
  to
  maximum
  
efficiency
  and
  minimise
  
production waste.
Ecolizer EN.indb 22 23-12-2009 16:48

Iron 01.01
PRODUCTION mPt/kg
Cast
  iron/kg**
   173
Iron scrap/kg dna
PROCESSING mPt
Zinc coating (coils)/m² 735 (!)

Drilling,
  CNC*/kg
   311
Drilling, conventional/kg 293
Turning,
  CNC*/kg
   357
Turning, conventional/kg 300
Enamelling/m² 841 (!)
Milling/kg 310
Zinc coating, pieces/m² 671 (!)
Casting, mechanical/kg 168
Casting (sand, mechanical)/kg 77
RECYCLING mPt/kg
Proces 76
Primary material saved -173
Total -97
WASTE TREATMENT mPt/kg
Waste treatment scenario in the EU 26 (!)
*
  Computer
  Numerical
  Control.
**
  Cast
  iron,
  consisting
  of
  35%
  secondary
  material.
Black indicator: trustworthy data

Grey indicator: less trustworthy data/ limited data
(!): generic data for this group of materials
dna: data not available
na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 23 23-12-2009 16:48

Stainless Steel 01.02
PRODUCTION mPt/kg
Stainless
  Steel
  18/8
  
551
(converter, primary)/kg
Stainless
  electric
  Steel
  18/8
  
511
(secundary)/kg
PROCESSING mPt
Drilling,
  CNC*/kg
   708
Bending/cm 2
Chemical staining dna
Deep drawing, automode operation/kg 26 (!)
Deep
  drawing,
  650
  kN
  press,
  
28 (!)
single stroke operation/kg
Deep
  drawing,
  3500
  kN
  press,
  
30 (!)
Deep
  drawing,
  10000
  kN
  press,
  
36 (!)
Deep
  drawing,
  38000
  kN
  press,
  
38 (!)
Turning, CNC*/kg
   789
Electrolytic staining dna
Elektrochemical polishing dna
Milling/kg 704
Stamping/kg 40 (!)
Polishing dna
Spot welding/pt 1 (!)
Abrade dna
Punching/cutting/cm² 0,0154
TIG welding dna
Black chrome coating, plate/m²
58
(only
  Cr3
  tolerated)
  
Sheet rolling/kg 59
RECYCLING mPt/kg
Proces 76 (!)
Total -475 (!)
*Computer
  Numerical
  Control.
No data available of the processes: folding, orbital

revetting,
  clinching,
  floating
  and
  profiling.

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 24 23-12-2009 16:48

Ferrochromium 01.04
PRODUCTION mPt/kg
Ferrochromium (primary)/kg 379
PROCESSING mPt
Zinc coating, coils/m² 735 (!)

Drilling, CNC*/kg
   311 (!)
Drilling, conventional/kg 293 (!)
Turning, CNC*/kg
   357 (!)
Turning, conventional/kg 300 (!)
Milling/kg 310 (!)
Industrial Casting/kg
77 (!)
(casting, sand, mechanized)
Casting (sand), mechanical/kg 168 (!)
RECYCLING mPt/kg
Proces 76 (!)
Total -303 (!)
*Computer
  Numerical
  Control.

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 26 23-12-2009 16:48

Ferronickel 01.05
PRODUCTION
Ferronickel/kg 1105
PROCESSING mPt
Zinc coating (coils)/m² 735 (!)

Drilling, CNC*/kg
   311 (!)
Turning, CNC/kg 357 (!)
Milling/kg 310 (!)
Industrial Casting/kg
77 (!)
(casting, sand, mechanized)
Casting (sand)/kg 168 (!)
RECYCLING mPt/kg
Proces 76 (!)
Total -1029 (!)
*Computer
  Numerical
  Control.

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 27 23-12-2009 16:48

Non-ferrous metals
02
Non-ferrous metals Make an inventory and
limit the use of energy-
intensive materials.
Avoid scarce materials.
Make a product as light as

technically possible.
Ecolizer EN.indb 28 23-12-2009 16:48

Aluminium 02.01
PRODUCTION mPt/kg
Aluminium, primary/kg
Aluminium**
   1045
Aluminium
  alloy
  EN
  AW5754,
  (AlMg3)/kg
   439
100% recycled
Secondary, from old scrap 134
Secondary, from new scrap 45
PROCESSING mPt
Anodising/m² 338
Welding/m 18
Drilling,
  CNC*/kg
   868
Bending/cm 0,8
Gravity die-casting dna
Deep drawing, automode operation/kg 26 (!)
Deep
  drawing,
  650
  kN
  press,
   28 (!)
Deep
  drawing,
  3500
  kN
  press,
   30 (!)
Deep
  drawing,
  10000
  kN
  press,
   36 (!)
Deep
  drawing,
  38000
  kN
  press,
   38 (!)
Turning,
  CNC*/kg
   942
Sheet rolling/kg 11 (!)
Milling/kg 874
Friction stir welding dna
Casting, continuous casting/kg 382
Casting, sand, low pressure/kg 27
Pultrusion/kg dna
Laser
  cutting/m
  (4
  mm
  steel)
   dna
Stamping/kg 40 (!)
Precipitation hardening dna
Powder coating/m² 337
Section bar extrusion/kg 92
Spot welding/pt 4,7
Cold
  impact
  extrusion,
  1
  stroke/kg
   75
Cold impact extrusion, every extra stroke/kg 27
Forge dna
Selective
  coating
  of
  plate
  –
  nickle-‐
   550
aluminium oxide/m²
Punching/cutting/cm² 0,0064
Sheet rolling/kg 53
Ultrasonic welding/m 0,17 (!)
Contour dna
RECYCLING mPt/kg
Proces 130
Total -915 (!)

Waste
  treatment
  scenario
  in
  the
  EU
   26 (!)
*
  Computer
  Numerical
  Control.
**
  Primary
  material
  +
  1%
  Cr,
  1%
  Mn,
  1%
  Mo,
  1%
  Ni.
Ecolizer EN.indb 29 23-12-2009 16:48

Bronze 02.02
PRODUCTION mPt/kg
Bronze/kg**
   938
PROCESSING mPt
Drilling,
  CNC*/kg
   787 (!)
Turning,
  CNC*/kg
   830 (!)
Milling/kg dna
Casting/kg dna
Stamping/kg 40 (!)
Contour/kg dna
RECYCLING mPt/kg
Proces 76 (!)
Total -862 (!)
Waste
  treatment
  scenario
  in
  the
  EU
   26 (!)
*
  Computer
  Numerical
  Control.
**
  Material
  consisting
  of
  95%
  Cu
  and
  5%
  Sn.

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 30 23-12-2009 16:48

Copper 02.03
PRODUCTION mPt/kg
Copper**
   774
PROCESSING mPt
Drilling,
  CNC*/kg
   787 (!)
Selective coating of plate- titanium
69
nitride oxide/m²
Wire drawing/kg 209
Turning,
  CNC*/kg
   830 (!)
Milling/kg dna
Stamping/kg 40 (!)
Black chrome coating, plate/m² 237
Sheet rolling/kg 127
RECYCLING mPt/kg
Proces 76 (!)
Total -698 (!)
Waste
  treatment
  scenario
  in
  the
  EU
   26 (!)
*
  Computer
  Numerical
  Control.
**
  44%
  secundary
  material.

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 31 23-12-2009 16:48

Brass 02.04
PRODUCTION mPt/kg
Brass**
   683
Brazing
  solder,
  cadmium
  free***
   646
PROCESSING mPt
Drilling,
  CNC*/kg
   787
Turning,
  
  CNC*/kg
   830
Milling/kg dna
Casting/kg dna
Stamping/kg 40 (!)
Contour/kg dna
Forging dna
RECYCLING
Proces 76 (!)
Total -607 (!)
Waste
  treatment
  scenario
  in
  the
  EU
   26 (!)
*
  Computer
  Numerical
  Control.
**
  70%
  Cu
  and
  30%
  Zn.
***
  60%
  Cu
  and
  40%
  Zn.

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 32 23-12-2009 16:48

Tin 02.05
PRODUCTION mPt/kg
Soft
  solder/kg**
   3347
Tin (primary)/kg dna
PROCESSING mPt
Drilling,
  CNC*/kg
   787 (!)
Turning,
  CNC*/kg
   830 (!)
Milling/kg dna
Stamping/kg 40 (!)
RECYCLING mPt/kg
Proces 76 (!)
Total -3271 (!)
Waste
  treatment
  scenario
  in
  the
  EU
   26 (!)
*
  Computer
  Numerical
  Control.
**
  97%
  Sn,
  3%
  Cu.

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 33 23-12-2009 16:48

Others 02.06
PRODUCTION mpt/kg
Chromium (primary) dna

Cobalt dna
Coltan dna
Mercury, liquid 1163775
Lead (primary) 135
Magnesium 3768
Manganese (primary) dna
Nickel*
   2653
Palladium
  primary
  (3%
  secundary)
   7119111
Palladium (secondary) 63054
Platinum
  (5%
  secondary)
   4661326
Platinum, secondary 63042
Rhodium
  (15%
  secundary)
   9558421
Rhodium (secundary) 63545
Titanium zinc plate 551
Titanium dioxide 466
Zinc, for coating (primary) 390 (!)
*
  Minimum
  99,5%
  nickel.

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 34 23-12-2009 16:48

Plastics
03
Plastics Use
  a
  limited
  number
  of
  
various materials and
choose materials that could
get a new life in other
products at a later stage.
Use
  plastics
  at
  maximum
  
purity to enable recycling
at a later stage.
Only combine plastics that

don’t render the recycling
process impossible.
Ensure the material

doesn’t contain any toxic
or “suspicious” substances.
Design in function of as-

sembly and disassembly
and mark the individual
materials to enable easier
recycling.
Use
  fastening
  techniques
  
that allow for easy separa-
tion of the individual
materials at a later stage.
Ecolizer EN.indb 35 23-12-2009 16:48

ABS
Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer
03.01
PRODUCTION mPt/kg
ABS/kg 431
PROCESSING mPt
Revolving, milling, drilling/cm³ 0,01 (!)

Hot
  element
  welding
  (30sec)
  /welding
   2 (!)
Hot
  element
  welding
  (45min)
  /welding
   155 (!)
Extrusion,
  plastic
  film/kg
   49 (!)
Extrusion, plastic pipes/kg 36 (!)
Stretch blow moulding/kg 131 (!)
Blow moulding/kg 123 (!)
Laser welding/m 0,46 (!)
Foaming/kg 60 (!)
Rotation Forming/kg 106 (!)
Injection moulding/kg 126 (!)
Ultrasonic
  welding
  (15kHz)/welding*
   0,04 (!)
Ultrasonic
  welding
   0,02 (!)
Ultrasonic
  welding
   0,01 (!)
RECYCLING mPt/kg
Plastics
  (packaging
  mix)**
  proces
   25 (!)
Total -406 (!)
Waste
  treatment
  scenario
  in
  the
  EU
   45 (!)
*
  Per
  welding
  joint
  of
  appr.
  2,5
  cm2

  (0,5
  seconds
  welding).
**
  If
  sufficiently
  pure.

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 36 23-12-2009 16:48

EVA Ethylvinylacetate 03.02
PRODUCTION mPt/kg
EVA/kg 355
EVA, foil/kg 345
PROCESSING mPt

Extrusion,
  plastic
  film/kg
   49 (!)
Hot
  element
  welding
  (30sec)
   2 (!)
Hot
  element
  welding
  (45min)
   155 (!)
Foaming/kg 60 (!)
Reaction injection moulding (RIM)/kg,
21 (!)
large scale/kg
Ultrasonic
  welding
   0,04 (!)
Ultrasonic
  welding
   0,02 (!)
Ultrasonic
  welding
   0,01 (!)
RECYCLING mPt/kg
Plastics
  (packaging
  mix)**
  proces
   25 (!)
Total -330 (!)
Waste
  treatment
  scenario
  in
  the
  EU
   36 (!)
*
  Per
  welding
  joint
  of
  appr.
  2,5
  cm2

  (0,5
  seconds
  welding).
**
  If
  sufficiently
  pure.

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 37 23-12-2009 16:48

PA Polyamide 03.03
PRODUCTION mPt/kg
PA
  6
   756
PA
  6.6
   715
Glass-‐filled
  PA
  6
   624
Glass-‐filled
  PA
  66
   612
PROCESSING mPt

Extrusion,
  plastic
  film/kg
   49 (!)
Hot
  element
  welding
  (30sec)/welding
  
   2 (!)
Hot
  element
  welding
  (45min)/welding
   155 (!)
Foaming/kg 60 (!)
Reaction injection moulding (RIM),
21 (!)
large scale/kg
Ultrasonic
  welding
   0,04 (!)
Ultrasonic
  welding
   0,02 (!)
Ultrasonic
  welding
   0,01 (!)
Vacuum forming/kg 16 (!)
RECYCLING mPt/kg
Plastics
  (packaging
  mix)**
  proces
   25 (!)
Total -731 (!)
Waste
  treatment
  scenario
  in
  the
  EU
   38 (!)
*
  Per
  welding
  joint
  of
  appr.
  2,5
  cm2

  (0,5
  seconds
  welding).
**
  If
  sufficiently
  pure.

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 38 23-12-2009 16:48

PC Polycarbonate 03.04
PRODUCTION mPt/kg
PC/kg 672
PROCESSING mPt

Hot
  element
  welding
   2 (!)
Hot
  element
  welding
   155 (!)
Foaming/kg 60 (!)
21 (!)
large scale/kg
Ultrasonic
  welding
   0,04 (!)
Ultrasonic
  welding
   0,02 (!)
Ultrasonic
  welding
   0,01 (!)
Vacuum forming/kg dna
RECYCLING mPt/kg
Plastics
  (packaging
  mix)**
  proces
   25 (!)
Total -647 (!)
Waste
  treatment
  scenario
  in
  the
  EU
   33 (!)
*
  Per
  welding
  joint
  of
  appr.
  2,5
  cm2

  (0,5
  seconds
  welding).
**
  If
  sufficiently
  pure.

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 39 23-12-2009 16:48

PE Polyethylene 03.05
PRODUCTION mPt/kg
Low Density Polyethylene, LDPE/kg 285

High Density Polyethylene,
277
HDPE/kg (products)
Linear Low Density Polyethylene,
272
LLDPE/kg
EPE (expanded PE) dna
PROCESSING mPt
Extrusion,
  plastic
  film/kg
   49
Hot
  element
  welding
   2 (!)
Hot
  element
  welding
   155 (!)
Foaming/kg 60 (!)
21 (!)
large scale/kg
Mirror-welding dna
Ultrasonic
  welding
   0,04 (!)
Ultrasonic
  welding
   0,02 (!)
Ultrasonic
  welding
   0,01 (!)
RECYCLING** mPt/kg
Proces 25 (!)
Total -260 (!)
Waste
  treatment
  scenario
  in
  the
  EU
   39 (!)
*
  Per
  welding
  joint
  of
  appr.
  2,5
  cm 2

  (0,5
  seconds
  welding).
**
  If
  sufficiently
  pure.

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 40 23-12-2009 16:48

PET
Polyethylene terephthalate
03.06
PRODUCTION mPt/kg
PET/kg 327
PET (bottle grade)/kg 347
PROCESSING mPt

Extrusion,
  plastic
  film/kg
   49 (!)
Hot
  element
  welding
   2 (!)
Hot
  element
  welding
   155 (!)
Blow moulding 123 (!)
21 (!)
large scale/kg
Ultrasonic
  welding
   0,04 (!)
Ultrasonic
  welding
   0,02 (!)
Ultrasonic
  welding
   0,01 (!)
RECYCLING** mPt/kg
Proces 25 (!)
Total -302 (!)
Waste
  treatment
  scenario
  in
  the
  EU
   38 (!)
*
  Per
  welding
  joint
  of
  appr.
  2,5
  cm 2

  (0,5
  seconds
  welding).
**
  If
  sufficiently
  pure.

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 41 23-12-2009 16:48

PMMA
Polymethyl methacrylate
03.07
PRODUCTION mPt/kg
PMMA (beads)/kg 676

PMMA (sheet) -
768
casted
  semi-‐finished
  product/kg
  
PROCESSING mPt

Extrusion,
  plastic
  film/kg
   49 (!)
Hot
  element
  welding
   2 (!)
Hot
  element
  welding
   155 (!)
Foaming/kg 60 (!)
21 (!)
large scale/kg
Ultrasonic
  welding
   0,04 (!)
Ultrasonic
  welding
   0,02 (!)
Ultrasonic
  welding
   0,01 (!)
RECYCLING mPt/kg
Plastics
  (packaging
  mix)**
  proces
   25 (!)
Total -651 (!)
Waste
  treatment
  scenario
  in
  the
  EU
   36 (!)
*
  Per
  welding
  joint
  of
  appr.
  2,5
  cm2

  (0,5
  seconds
  welding).
**
  If
  sufficiently
  pure.

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 42 23-12-2009 16:48

PP Polypropylene 03.08
PRODUCTION mPt/kg
PP/kg 276
EPP/kg dna
PROCESSING mPt

Extrusion,
  plastic
  film/kg
   49 (!)
Hot
  element
  welding
   2 (!)
Hot
  element
  welding
   155 (!)
21 (!)
large scale/kg
Mirror-welding dna
Ultrasonic
  welding
   0,04 (!)
Ultrasonic
  welding
   0,02 (!)
Ultrasonic
  welding
   0,01 (!)
RECYCLING** mPt/kg
Proces 25 (!)
Total -251 (!)
Waste
  treatment
  scenario
  in
  the
  EU
   36 (!)
*
  Per
  welding
  joint
  of
  appr.
  2,5
  cm2

  (0,5
  seconds
  welding).
**
  If
  sufficiently
  pure.

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 43 23-12-2009 16:48

PS Polystyrene 03.09
PRODUCTION mPt/kg
Polystyrene, general purpose, GPPS/kg 388

Polystyrene, PS, expandable/kg 384
Polystyrene, high impact, HIPS/kg 389
PROCESSING mPt

Hot
  element
  welding
   2 (!)
Hot
  element
  welding
   155 (!)
21 (!)
large scale/kg
Ultrasonic
  welding
   0,04 (!)
Ultrasonic
  welding
   0,02 (!)
Ultrasonic
  welding
   0,01 (!)
RECYCLING** mPt/kg
Proces 25 (!)
Total -363 (!)
Waste
  treatment
  scenario
  in
  the
  EU
   40 (!)
*
  Per
  welding
  joint
  of
  appr.
  2,5
  cm 2

  (0,5
  seconds
  welding).
**
  If
  sufficiently
  pure.

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 44 23-12-2009 16:48

PUR Polyurethane 03.10
PRODUCTION mPt/kg
Polyurethane,
  rigid
  foam,
  PUR/kg**
   459
Polyurethane,
  flexible
  foam,
  PUR/kg***
   484
PUR
  (no
  foam)/kg
   dna
PROCESSING mPt

Reaction injection moulding (RIM)/kg 21
Ultrasonic
  welding
   0,04 (!)
Ultrasonic
  welding
   0,02 (!)
Ultrasonic
  welding
   0,01 (!)
Waste
  treatment
  scenario
  in
  the
  EU
   36 (!)
Thermosetting compounds and rubbers cannot be

recycled.
*
  Per
  welding
  joint
  of
  appr.
  2,5
  cm2

  (0,5
  seconds
  welding).
**
  For
  white
  goods,
  insulation,
  building
  material.
***
  For
  furniture,
  mattresses,
  clothing.

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 45 23-12-2009 16:48

PVC Polyvinylchloride 03.11
PRODUCTION mPt/kg
PVC/kg***
   220
PVDC
451
(Polyvinylidenchloride),
  granulate/kg****
  
Softened PVC dna
PROCESSING mPt
High frequency welding dna

Extrusion blow molding, pipes/kg 36 (!)
Hot
  element
  welding
   2 (!)
Hot
  element
   155 (!)
21 (!)
large scale/kg
Ultrasonic
  welding
   0,04 (!)
Ultrasonic
  welding
   0,02 (!)
Ultrasonic
  welding
   0,01 (!)
Calendering, rigid sheets/kg-
37 (!)
only for weak PVC
RECYCLING** mPt/kg
Proces 25 (!)
Total -195 (!)
Waste
  treatment
  scenario
  in
  the
  EU
   34 (!)
*
  Per
  welding
  joint
  of
  appr.
  2,5
  cm2

  (0,5
  seconds
  welding).
**
  If
  sufficiently
  pure.
***
  Average
  European
  use
  of
  PVC
  from
  bulk,
  
suspension and emulsion.
****
  For
  thin
  coatings.

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 46 23-12-2009 16:48

SAN
Styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer
03.12
PRODUCTION mPt/kg
SAN/kg 403
PROCESSING mPt

Extrusion, pipes/kg 36 (!)
Hot
  element
  welding
   2 (!)
Hot
  element
  welding
   155 (!)
21 (!)
large scale/kg
Ultrasonic
  welding
   0,04 (!)
Ultrasonic
  welding
   0,02 (!)
Ultrasonic
  welding
   0,01 (!)
RECYCLING mPt/kg
Plastics
  (packaging
  mix)**
  proces
   25 (!)
Total -378 (!)
Waste
  treatment
  scenario
  in
  the
  EU
   40 (!)
*
  Per
  welding
  joint
  of
  appr.
  2,5
  cm2

  (0,5
  seconds
  welding).
**
  If
  sufficiently
  pure.

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 47 23-12-2009 16:48

Recycled plastics 03.13
PRODUCTION mPt/kg
Agglomerate from
Industrial mix of plastics 62
Household mix of plastics 93
Grinding product from

Household mix of plastics 95
Regranulate from
household mix of plastics 87
The environmental impact of the collection and

recycling process itself is hardly linked to material
type,
  but
  much
  more
  dependent
  on
  efficiency
  of
  lo-
gistics
  and
  the
  impact
  of
  separation
  and
  purification.
  
When empty bottles are transported, for instance,
the transported material consists mainly of air, un-
less the bottles are squeezed at the collection point.
Separation of mixed plastics requires additional
machinery.
The
  specifications
  consider
  the
  environmental
  
impact for several secondary products without
taking
  into
  account
  the
  profit
  that
  could
  be
  made
  
from recycling.
Those calculated processes and products are:
Agglomerate
The granule forms as a result of foil heating and
shrinkage. It is generally used for thick-walled
products. Size of the granule and their variance
are key elements.
Grinding product
A sorted, washed stream of plastics, sometimes
made dustfree. The material has been milled to
reach a certain particle size.
Regranulate
Regranulate is material cleaned by melt
purification.
  In
  this
  process,
  the
  secondary
  raw
  
material is melted by extrusion and forced
through
  a
  fine
  sieve
  pack.

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 48 23-12-2009 16:48

Recycled plastics 03.13
The size of the sieve pack (expressed in mesh)

determines the volume of pollution. Additives
may be added during production of regranulate.
Special equipment is required if this is done in large
amounts during the last phase, and the process is
then called compounding. There are three types of
regranulate.
Besides the environmental impact, you can also

calculate the advantages of recycling. This is easiest
when a material is used in a closed cycle and is
thus kept within the product system. The disposed
product
  is
  then
  used
  for
  new
  products.
  The
  profit
  
of recycling manifests itself both on the production
side and on the waste side, but doesn’t count as
double
  profit.
  
  
It doesn’t occur often in practice; the recycled

product
  will
  sooner
  find
  an
  application
  in
  a
  next
  
product life cycle. There is a risk of double counting
at
  this
  stage,
  since
  the
  designer
  can
  enter
  a
  profit
  
both from the application of secondary materials for
production, and from ensuring proper recycling. In
those situations we recommend to assume a closed
cycle for the quantity of secondary material, at the
start and at the end. You subsequently calculate the
environmental impact of that cycle only once on the
basis of the given recycling processes.
The indicators provided here are those for the

recycling process of a certain type of recycled
plastics. When using recycled plastics, have a look at
the type of recycled plastics that can be considered
first.
  From
  this
  indicator,
  deduct
  the
  indicator
  of
  the
  
primary plastics that you can avoid using.
These indicators apply only to thermoplastics

because (composites of) thermosetting plastics
are usually unrecyclable due to their irreversible
condition.
An example: You are making a product from HDPE.

If you want to make this product from recycled
plastics and it allows for less technical properties,
you
  can
  choose,
  for
  instance,
  indicator
  62:
‘Agglomerate from industrial mix of plastics’.
The original plastic you are replacing is HDPE,

indicator
  277.
  To
  get
  the
  total
  indicator,
  you
  deduct
  
the
  avoided
  product
  277
  from
  process
  25,
  resulting
  
in
  indicator
  -‐252.
  
If
  50%
  of
  the
  product
  already
  consists
  of
  secondary
  
materials,
  you
  are
  allowed
  to
  deduct
  only
  50%
  of
  
277.
  Use
  of
  secondary
  materials
  now
  seems
  less
  
beneficial,
  however
  you
  need
  only
  include
  half
  
the environmental impact for manufacture of the
product; the recycling process supplies the other
half if you assume a closed cycle.
Ecolizer EN.indb 49 23-12-2009 16:48

Bioplastics 03.14
PRODUCTION mPt/kg
Modified
  starch/kg
   275
Polylactide (PLA)/kg 312
PROCESSING mPt

Extrusion,
  plastic
  film/kg
   49
Hot
  element
  welding
   2 (!)
Hot
  element
  welding
   155 (!)
Foaming/kg 60 (!)
21 (!)
large scale/kg
Mirror-welding dna
Ultrasonic
  welding
  
   0,04 (!)
Ultrasonic
  welding
   0,02 (!)
Ultrasonic
  welding
   0,01 (!)
RECYCLING mPt/kg
Proces dna
Primary material saved dna
Total dna
Waste
  treatment
  scenario
  in
  the
  EU
   dna
*
  Per
  welding
  joint
  of
  appr.
  2,5
  cm2

  (0,5
  seconds
  welding).

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 50 23-12-2009 16:48

Composites 03.15
PRODUCTION mPt/kg
Glass
  fibre
  reinforced
  plastic,
  
455
polyester resin/kg
Glass
  fibre
  reinforced
  polypropylene/kg
   359
Wood plastic composite (WPC) dna
Kevlarfibre
  reinforced
  epoxy/kg
   1249
Carbon
  fibre
  reinforced
   620
Carbon
  fibre
  reinforced
  epoxy/kg
   883
Flaxfibres
  reinforced
   383
Epoxy resin (liquid)/kg 734
Polyester resin, unsaturated/kg 644
Glass
  fibre/kg
   264
Kevlarfibre
   dna
Carbon
  fibre
  /kg
   833
Polyester
  fibres/kg
   660
Flaxfibres/kg
   350
PROCESSING mPt

Sheet rolling/kg dna
Hand-layup/kg 69 (!)
Cold press/kg 43 (!)
Laser cutting/m 17 (!)
Preformed matched die/kg 37 (!)
Pultrusion
11 (!)
(extrusion
  together
  with
  fibres)/kg
  
Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM)/kg 46 (!)
Sheet Moulding Compound (SMC)/kg 13 (!)
Injecting/kg 54 (!)
Vacuum assited resin infusion (VARI)/(kg) 37 (!)
Winding
  (of
  glass
  or
  fibres)/kg
   9 (!)
Waste
  treatment
  scenario
  in
  the
  EU
   39 (!)
Thermosetting compounds, composites and rubbers

cannot be recycled.

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 51 23-12-2009 16:48

Rubber 03.16
PRODUCTION mPt/kg
Vulcanised EPDM
355
(ethylene propylene diene Monomer)/kg
Latex/kg 230
Natural Rubber/kg 599
Polybutadiene rubber/kg 444
SBR (Styrene Butadiene rubber)/kg 453
Silicones/kg 274
Thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) dna
Thermoplastic
  olefine
  (TPO)
   dna
Thermoplastic
  PUR
   dna
Thermoplastic
  urethane
  (TPU)
   dna
PROCESSING mPt
Revolving, milling, drilling/cm³ dna

Sheet rolling/kg dna
Calender, plate dna
Injection moulding/kg dna
Vulcanize dna
Waste
  treatment
  scenario
  in
  the
  EU
   50 (!)
Thermosetting compounds, composites and rubbers

cannot be recycled.

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 52 23-12-2009 16:48

Teflon 03.17
PRODUCTION mPt/kg
Teflon
  PTFE/kg
   16089
Teflon
  PTFE,
  on
  glass/kg
   16929
PROCESSING mPt/m²
Teflon
  coating
  (30min)/m²
   157
Teflon
  coating
  (3min)/m²
   16
Sintering dna

Waste
  treatment
  scenario
  in
  the
  EU
   49 (!)

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 53 23-12-2009 16:48

Wood
04
Opt for renewable materials.
Wood Use
  wood
  from
  sustainably
  
managed forests.
Try to avoid polluting the

wood too much by applying
harmful coatings.
Ecolizer EN.indb 54 23-12-2009 16:48

Wood (untreated)* 04.01
PRODUCTION (excl. transportation) mPt/kg
Azobe, Sawn timber (SFM), planed,

558
air
  dried
  (u=15%)/kg**
  
Hardwood, Sawn timber, raw,
236
air/
  kiln
  dried
  (u=10%)/kg***
  
Hardwood, Sawn timber, planed,
271
air/
  kiln
  dried
  (u=10%)/kg***
  
234
air
  dried
  (u=20%)/kg***
  
239
kiln
  dried
  (u=10%)/kg***
  
Sawn timber, hardwood, planed,
275
kiln
  dried
  (u=10%)/kg***
  
Cork slab/kg 257
Softwood, Sawn timber, raw,
149
air
  dried,
  u=20%/kg*****
  
Softwood, Sawn timber, planed,
173
air
  dried/kg*****
  
Softwood, Sawn timber, raw,
154
kiln
  dried,
  u=10%/kg*****
  
Softwood, sawn timber, raw,
152
kiln
  dried,
  u=20%/kg*****
  
Softwood, Sawn timber,
179
planed,
  kiln
  dried/kg*****
  
PROCESSING mPt/m³
Impregnating
  wood
  (beam)/m³******
   630
Impregnating
  wood
  (pole)/m³******
   362
Folding dna
Sawing dna
RECYCLING
See machined wood
Waste
  treatment
  scenario
  in
  the
  EU
   19 (!)
*
  For
  all
  wood
  types,
  the
  renewable
  CO2
  
(uptake during growth) considered neutral.
**
  Density
  azobe:
  1000
  kg/m³.
***
  Density
  hardwood:
  700
  kg/m³.
****
  Density
  parana
  pine:
  500
  kg/m³.
Incl. transport naar Europese haven.
*****
  Density
  softwood:
  450
  kg/m³.
******
  Only
  the
  impregnation
  process,
  production
  
of wood must be added. See “Production
of paint” for impregnation product.

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 55 23-12-2009 16:48

Wood (layered)* 04.02
PRODUCTION mPt/m³
Laminated board, three layered/m³ 175806

GLT (Glued laminated timber) /m³ 105085
Plywood (indoor use) /m³ 299627
Plywood (outdoor use) /m³ 314255
Waste
  treatment
  scenario
  in
  the
  EU
   19 (!)
*
  For
  all
  wood
  types,
  the
  renewable
  CO2
  
(uptake during growth) is considered neutral.

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 56 23-12-2009 16:48

Wood (chipped)* 04.03
PRODUCTION mPt/m³
MDF- board/m³ 63809

OSB- board/m³ 40633
Particle board/m³ 38079
Fibreboard soft/m³ 23129
Waste
  treatment
  scenario
  in
  the
  EU
   20 (!)
*
  For
  all
  wood
  types,
  the
  renewable
  CO2
  
(uptake during growth) is considered neutral.
At this moment there are no data avalable of the

following materials and processes
Materials:
veneered boards - laminated boards - HPL coated
boards - paper foil coated boards - PVC foil coated
boards
  -‐
  water
  resistant
  boards
  -‐
  flame
  retardant
  
boards - sandwichboards - honeycomb structures -
solid cores
Machine processes:
planing - drilling- sawing - CNC operations - drift
drilling
  –
  veneers
  –
  milling
  -‐
  wood
  drying
  -‐
  profiling
Wood
  carvings:
  CNC
  cutting
  -‐
  3D
  cutting
  -‐
  other
  
cutting
Wood bending
Connection:
physical connection - gluing
Surface treatments:
pickling - high gloss spraying - paint spraying - paint
rolling
  -‐
  UV
  paint
  rolling
  and
  drying,
  varnishing
  -‐
  
treating with lye
Coating application:
application veneer - application melamine -
application HPL - application paper foil - application
PVC
  foil
  -‐
  side
  gluing
  –
  softforming
  –
  postforming
  -‐
  
profile
  paneling

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 57 23-12-2009 16:48

Paper + packaging
05
Paper + packaging Use
  less
  burdensome
  
materials and minimise
volume and weight of
transport packaging.
Opt for reusable (trans-

port) packaging.
Ecolizer EN.indb 58 23-12-2009 16:48

Paper 05.01
PRODUCTION mPt/kg
Recycled,
  with
  deinking/kg*
  
  
   262
Recycled,
  no
  deinking/kg*
   76
Woodfree, coated/kg 258
Woodfree, uncoated/kg 309
Wood-containing,
261
light weight coated (LWC)/kg
Wood-containing, supercalendred (SC) /kg 258
RECYCLING
Proces 176 (!)
Total dna
Waste
  treatment
  scenario
  in
  the
  EU
   9 (!)
*
  Including
  paper
  waste
  as
  input
  flow.

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 59 23-12-2009 16:48

Newsprint 05.02
PRODUCTION mPt/kg
New
  fibre/kg
   207
DIP containing/kg 164
European
  average/kg*
   174 (!)
RECYCLING mPt/kg
Proces 176 (!)

Total dna
Waste
  treatment
  scenario
  in
  the
  EU
   19 (!)
*
  European
  average,
  consists
  of
  77%
  recycled
  paper.

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 60 23-12-2009 16:48

Cardboard* 05.03
PRODUCTION mPt/kg
Mixed
  fibre,
  single
  wall/kg
   147
Recycling
  fibre,
  single
  wall/kg
   95
Recycling
  fibre,
  double
  wall/kg
  
   125
Fresh
  fibre,
  single
  wall/kg
   261
PROCESSING mPt/kg
Carton board boxes,

39
gravure
  printing/kg**
  
Carton board boxes,
68
offset
  printing/kg**
  
Folding
  boxboard,
  Folding
  Box
  Board/kg***
   260
RECYCLING mPt/kg
Proces 95 (!)
Total dna
Waste
  treatment
  scenario
  in
  the
  EU
   20 (!)
*
  Cardboard
  class
  C.
**
  Only
  process,
  excluding
  production
  of
  cardboard
***
  Including
  production
  of
  cardboard.

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 61 23-12-2009 16:48

Glass (packaging) 05.04
PRODUCTION mPt/kg
Brown
  (53,1%
  recycled)
  /kg
   97
Green
  
  (80%
  recycled)
  /kg
   95
White
  (58%
  recycled)
  /kg
   91
RECYCLING mPt/kg
Proces 58 (!)
Total dna
Waste
  treatment
  scenario
  in
  the
  EU
   na

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 62 23-12-2009 16:48

Liquid packaging
board containers
05.05
PRODUCTION mPt/kg
Production of liquid packaging

347
board containers/kg
RECYCLING mpt/kg
Proces dna
Waste
  treatment
  scenario
  in
  the
  EU
   17 (!)

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 63 23-12-2009 16:48

Energy
06
Design products that
Energy don’t depend on energy
or minimise their energy
consumption.
Use
  renewable
  energy
  or
  
human power.
Do not use a high-grade

energy source for a low-
grade application.
Avoid the use of single-use

batteries; use recharge-
able batteries.
Make sure internal

batteries can be easily
removed in the disposal
phase.
Raise the user’s awareness

of energy consumption,
sleep power consump-
tion and consumption in
stand-by.
Ecolizer EN.indb 64 23-12-2009 16:48

Electricity
according
  to
  voltage
06.01
PRODUCTION* mPt/kWh
High voltage (HV) (> 24 kVolt)

Electricity,
  high
  voltage
  Europe
  (UCTE)
   44
Electricity, high voltage Belgium 28
Medium voltage (1 tot 24 kVolt)

Electricity,
  medium
  voltage
  Europe
  (UCTE)
   45
Electricity, medium voltage Belgium 29
Low voltage (< 1 kVolt)

Electricity,
  low
  voltage
  Europe
  (UCTE)
   51
Electricity, low voltage Belgium 31
Electricity,
  low
  voltage,
  CENTREL**
   88
Electricity, low voltage Germany 59
Electricity, low voltage France 10
Electricity, low voltage Greece 113
Electricity,
  low
  voltage
  United
  Kingdom
   60
Electricity, low voltage Ireland 78
Electricity, low voltage Italy 63
Electricity, low voltage Luxembourg 53
Electricity, low voltage the Netherlands 64
Electricity,
  low
  voltage
  NORDEL***
   18
Electricity, low voltage Austria 31
Electricity, low voltage Portugal 66
Electricity, low voltage Spain 56
Electricity, low voltage Switzerland 3
*
  Including
  production
  of
  fuels.
**
  Slovakia,
  Hungary,
  Poland,
  Czech
  Republic.
***
  Norway,
  Denmark,
  Sweden,
  Finland.

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 65 23-12-2009 16:48

Electricity
according to extraction
06.02
PRODUCTION mPt/kWh
Electricity,
  from
  nuclear
  power*
   1,2
Electricity, from hard coal 89
Electricity, from oil 85
From bagasse, sugarcane,
1,66
at
  sugar
  refinery
  
From bagasse, sweat sorghum,
3,77
at distillation
Electricity, from hydropower 0,35
Electricity, from wind energy 1,2
From solar-energy**
Facade, single-Si (laminated, integrated) 9,6
Facade, multi-Si (laminated, integrated) 8,7
Flat roof installation, single-Si 7
Flat roof installation, multi-Si 6,5
Slanted-roof, a-Si (panel, mounted) 6,4
Slanted-roof, a-Si (laminated, integrated) 5,3
*
  No
  consideration
  of
  calamities.
**
  Photovoltaic
  electricity
  produced
  in
  a
  small
  
installation
  (3kwp).
  Different
  indicators
  
depending on the position of the installation in

  the
  building
  (outer
  wall,
  flat
  roof,
  pitched
  roof).

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 66 23-12-2009 16:48

Heat 06.03
PRODUCTION* FROM: mPt/MJ
Anthracite
At
  stove
  (5-‐15kW)
   11
Lignite briquette
At
  stove
  (5-‐15kW)
   16
Diesel
Boiler
  (10kW)
   7,7
Industrial
  (1MW)
   8
Natural gas
At boiler atm. low-NOx
6,7
condensing
  non-‐modulating
  <100kW
  
At boiler fan burner low-NOx
7,6
non-‐modulating
  <100kW
  
At
  industrial
  furnace
  low-‐NOx
  >100kW
   7,1
Wood 3,9
Hard coal
At
  stove
  5-‐15kW
   15
Industrial
  furnace
  1-‐10MW
   11
Heat pump 30kW 3,5
Heavy fuel oil

At
  industrial
  furnace
  (1MW)
   9,2
Solar-energy
Flat plate collector
For combined system 0,84
Solar+gas
  heating
   5,2
One-family house, for hot water 1,1
Hot water tank
Solar+electric,
  flat
  plate,
  
2,8
multiple
  dwelling**
  
Solar+gas
  heating,
  one-‐family
  house***
   5,2
*
  Including
  production
  of
  fuels.
**
  Hot
  water
  system
  with
  use
  of
  electricity
  for
control and post-heating.
***
  Hot
  water
  system
  with
  use
  of
  natural
  gas
  for
control and post-heating.

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 67 23-12-2009 16:48

Transport
07
Stack the product to
Transport maximum compactness, if
necessary through differ-
ent or partial assembly.
Optimise distribution
plans and limit transport
distances: choose suppli-
ers that are closest to the
manufacturing location;
assure transportation in
large quantities rather
than small ones, …
Opt for the least burden-

some means of transport.
Ecolizer EN.indb 68 23-12-2009 16:48

Transport* 07.01
mPt
Road
Van
  <3.5t/tkm
   186
Lorry
  >16t(Eur4)/tkm
   15
Lorry
  >32t(Eur4)/tkm
   12
Railroad
Train (freight)/tkm 3,9
Water
Barge tanker (inland)/tkm 4,4
Barge (inland)/tkm 4,7
Transoceanic tanker (ocean)/tkm 0,6
Transoceanic freight ship/tkm 1,3
Air
Aircraft, freight, Europe/tkm 181
Helicopter, LTO cycle
14637
(takeoff and landing )/piece
Helicopter
  (flying
  time)/hour
   8601
Aircraft, freight, intercontinental/tkm 99
*
  Including
  production
  of
  fuels.
  
Indicators per tkm (ton kilometer, transport of
one tonne over one kilometer).

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 69 23-12-2009 16:48

Lighting and
electronic components 08
Lighting and electronic components Make your design with
universally available com-
ponents.
Avoid designs using dis-

posable batteries.
Make sure that the con-

sumer does not pay for
functions he never uses.
Integrate an “off” button
to shut off all energy
consumption next to the
“stand-by” button.
Ecolizer EN.indb 70 23-12-2009 16:48

Lighting 08.01
LIGHTING mPt
Light
  bulb
  60
  Watt/piece*
   11
Halogen lamp/piece 3
Candle dna
LED
  lamp
  (incl.
  PCB)
  (0,35g)
  /kg
   20691
LED
  lamp
  (incl.
  PCB)
  (0,35g)/piece
   7
OLED dna
Light
  bulb
  SL11
  (E-‐saving)/piece**
   136
T5
  (16
  mm)
  fluorescent
  lamp/piece
   25
T8
  (26
  mm)
  fluorescent
  lamp
   dna
T12
  (38
  mm)
  fluorescent
  lamp
   dna
As regards lighting you must consider the lamp’s ap-

plication and lifespan. A type A lamp can have a high
score for production, yet in the long run achieve
better marks than type B due to lower energy
consumption. Also take into account the lighting ap-
plication that requires, for instance, one single type
A
  lamp
  against
  five
  type
  B
  lamps
  for
  equal
  functional
  
lighting.
*
  Life
  span
  of
  1000
  hours.
**
  Life
  span
  of
  8000
  hours.

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 71 23-12-2009 16:48

Electronic
components
08.02
ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS mPt

CRT
  screen,
  17
  inches
   30487
LCD
  screen,
  17
  inches
   209610
Desktop computer, without screen 24809
Electrode,
  negative,
  LiC6/kg
   290
Electrode, negative, Ni/kg 8185
Electrode,
  positive,
  LiMn2O4/kg
   1728
HDD, desktop computer/piece 1080
HDD, laptop computer/piece 300
Laptop computer 35639
Rechargeable battery, Li-ion, prismatic/kg 7720
Rechargeable battery, NiMH, prismatic/kg 6119
Mouse device, optical, with cable 473
Power supply unit/piece 2723
Printer, laser jet, colour 5642
Printer, laser jet, b/w 5631
Keyboard, standard version 2440
Toner module, laser jet, colour/piece 900
Toner module, laser jet, b/w/piece 889
Fan, for electronics/kg 1190
PCB’s
Printed wiring board, surface mounted, 22345
Pb containing/kg
Printed wiring board, surface mounted, 22360
Pb free/kg
Naked printed wiring board, surface 24531
mount, lead-containing surface/m²
Naked printed wiring board, surface 24430
mount, lead-free surface/m²
Printed wiring board, through-hole 5275
mounted, Pb containing/kg
Printed wiring board, through-hole 5120
mounted, Pb free/kg
Naked printed wiring board, through- 9586
hole, lead-containing surface/m²
Printed wiring board, through-hole, 9243
lead-free surface/m²
Give preference to an application without batteries and use more

environmentally safe energy resources. If use of a battery is una-
voidable, opt for rechargeable batteries. Rechargeable batteries
(e.g.
  NiMH,
  LI-‐ion,
  etc.)
  can
  be
  recharged
  up
  to
  1,000
  times
  and
  
thus save a considerable amount of raw materials and energy in
the production and waste treatment phases.
Note that the European Batteries Directive prohibits the use

of rechargeable NiCd batteries (except for a few applications)
due to the harmful, poisoning and carcinogenic properties of
cadmium.
Make sure to design appliances that allow for easy removal of

disposed batteries and accumulators. Provide a manual for ap-
pliances with built-in batteries that explains their easy removal
and informs the user about the type of built-in batteries or
accumulators used.
Used
  up
  batteries
  fall
  under
  Small
  Hazardous
  Waste
  and
  must
  
therefore always be collected and treated separately.
Flanders applies a take-back obligation for electronic appliances.

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 72 23-12-2009 16:48

Construction
materials 09
Construction materials Opt for local raw materials
and energy sources.
Make designs using recycled

materials, particularly for
invisible parts and use their
specific
  properties.
  
Ecolizer EN.indb 73 23-12-2009 16:48

Concrete- and
cement products
09.01
PRODUCTION mPt
Concrete
  (exacting)/m³*
   20575
Poor
  concrete/m³**
   8585
Concrete
  (normal)/m³***
   16759
Concrete
  (sole
  plate
  and
  foundation)/m³***
   11110
Autoclaved aerated concrete block/kg 28
Cement/kg (Portland) 49
Blast furnace slag cement/kg 27
Fibre cement roof slate/kg 61
Wall
  plate
  from
  cementfibre/kg
   dna
RECYCLING mPt/kg
Gravel replacement -0,67 (!)
Waste
  treatment
  scenario
  in
  the
  EU
   na
Non combustible building materials usually go to

landfill
  or
  are
  re-‐used
  as
  road
  embankment
  or
  as
  
coarse fraction in concrete.
*
  Ready-‐for-‐use
  concrete
  with
  density
  of
  2440
  kg/m³.
**
  concrete
  with
  density
  of
  2190
  kg/m³.
***
  concrete
  with
  density
  of
  2380
  kg/m³.

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 74 23-12-2009 16:48

Plaster- and
limeproducts
09.02
PRODUCTION mPt/kg
Gypsum
  (CaSO4*2H2O)/kg
   2,7
Gypsum plaster board/kg 35
Gypsum
  fibre
  board/kg
   28
Lime, hydrated/kg 48
Quicklime, milled, packed/kg 62
Stucco/kg 10
RECYCLING mPt/kg
Proces dna
Waste
  treatment
  scenario
  in
  the
  EU
   na

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 75 23-12-2009 16:48

Brick and ceramic 09.03
PRODUCTION mPt/kg
Brick/kg 18
Ceramic (porcelain)/kg dna
Ceramic tiles/kg 124
Roof tile/kg 27
Light
  clay
  brick/kg*
   17
RECYCLING mpt/kg
Proces dna
Waste
  treatment
  scenario
  in
  the
  EU
   na

landfill
  or
  are
  re-‐used
  as
  road
  embankment
  or
  as
  
*
  Consists
  of
  clay
  and
  straw.

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 76 23-12-2009 16:48

Minerals 09.04
PRODUCTION mPt/kg
Basalt/kg 44
Bentonite/kg 13
Refractory/kg 195
Dolomite/kg dna
Gravel (round) /kg 0,6
Gravel (crushed) /kg dna
Limestone/kg 3,5
Sand-lime brick/kg 10
Clay/kg 0,3
Perlite/kg 1,6
Silica sand/kg 2,2
Feldspar/kg 3,6
Vermiculite/kg 0,77
Sand/kg 0,6
RECYCLING mPt/kg
Sand replacement -0,598 (!)
Waste
  treatment
  scenario
  in
  the
  EU
   na

landfill
  or
  are
  re-‐used
  as
  road
  embankment
  or
  as
  

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 77 23-12-2009 16:48

Isolation 09.05
PRODUCTION mPt/kg
Mineral isolation
Cellulose
  fibres/kg
   50
Glass wool mat/kg 158
Rock
  wool/kg*
   169
Vermiculite/kg 0,77
Plastic isolation
Tube
  insulation
  (elastomere)
  /kg**
   530
Polystyrene
  foam
  slab/kg***
   460
Urea
  formaldehyde
  foam
  slab,
  hard/kg****
   337
PUR/kg
   459
RECYCLING mPt/kg
Mineral isolation proces dna

Plastic isolation proces na
Waste
  treatment
  scenario
  in
  the
  EU
   36 (!)
The production of insulation materials

is usually small compared to the environmental
benefits.
*
  Density:
  100
  kg/m³.
**
  For
  different
  technical
  applications.
  

  Density:
  75
  kg/m³.
***
  Density:
  30
  kg/m³.
****
  Density:
  10-‐30
  kg/m³.

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 78 23-12-2009 16:48

Glass 09.06
PRODUCTION mPt/kg
Flat
  glass,
  coated/kg*
   82
Flat glass, uncoated/kg 70
Tempering,
  flat
  glass
  (proces)/kg**
   19
Glass
  fibre/kg
   264
Triple
  glazing
  (U<0,5W/m²
  K)m2 6389
RECYCLING mPt/kg
Proces 58 (!)
Total -24 (!)
Waste
  treatment
  scenario
  in
  the
  EU
   na
*
  Tin,
  silver,
  nickel
  coating
  (77
  g/m ). 2
**
  Process,
  only
  and
  including
  loss
  of
  glass.
  
Excluding the input of glass.

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 79 23-12-2009 16:48

Furniture panels 09.07
Melamine
  laminate
  20mm/m²*
   10177
Solid
  surface
  (PMMA)
  3mm/m²
   2948
Solid
  surface
  (PMMA
  en
  Al(OH)3)
  
3418
12
  mm
  (flexible)/m²**
  
Solid
  surface
  (PMMA
  en
  Al(OH)3)
  
  
6664
6mm
  (flexible)/m²***
  
High Pressure Laminate
1040
(chipboard
  core),
  20mm/m²
  
High Pressure Laminate
4406
(paper
  core),
  10mm/m²
  
Waste
  treatment
  scenario
  in
  the
  EU
   20 (!)
Furniture panels are not recyclable.
*
  Both
  sides
  of
  plate
  are
  covered
  with
  
decorative layer.
**
  For
  horizontal
  use.
***
  For
  vertical
  use.

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 80 23-12-2009 16:48

Textile 09.08
mPt/kg
Fleece, PET 401

Refining
  of
  textile,
  coton
   502
Spinning
  of
  fibres,
  bast
  fibre
   130
Spinning
  of
  fibres,
  coton
  fibre
   884
Weaving
  of
  bast
  fibres
  (e.g.
  flax)
   35
Weaving of coton 1036

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 81 23-12-2009 16:48

Chemicals
10
Chemicals Avoid harmful substances
in a product as well as
harmful processing sub-
stances.
Use
  production
  techniques
  
with a low environmental
impact.
Ecolizer EN.indb 82 23-12-2009 16:48

Painting and inks 10.01
PRODUCTION mPt/kg
Acrylic
  varnish,
  87.5%
  in
  H2O/kg
   205
Alkyd
  paint,
  white,
  60%
  in
  H2O/kg
   309
Alkyd
  paint,
  white,
  60%
  in
  solvent/kg
   393
Printing
  colour,
  offset,
  47.5%
  solvent/kg
   498
Printing colour, rotogravure,
381
55%
  toluene/kg
  

Waste
  treatment
  scenario
  in
  the
  EU
   22 (!)

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 83 23-12-2009 16:48

Anorganic 10.02
PRODUCTION mPt/kg
Ammonia
  (NH3),
  liquid/kg
   218
Argon, liquid/kg dna
Bentonite/kg 69
Chemicals
  (inorganic)
  /kg*
   170
Chlorine
  (Cl2),
  liquid/kg
   99
Fluoride dna
Phosphoric acid
220
(industrial
  grade,
  85%
  in
  water)
  /kg
  
Phosphoric acid
167
(fertiliser
  grade,
  70%
  in
  water)
  /kg
  
Iron
  sulphate
  FeSO4/kg
   18
Sodium chloride NaCl/kg 19
Caustic soda NaOH/kg dna
Sodium perborate,
355
monohydrate
  (NaBO3
  ·
  H2O)
  powder/kg
  
Sodium perborate, tetrahydrate
159
(NaBO3
  ·
  4
  H2O)
  powder/kg
  
Nitric
  acid,
  HNO3/kg
   197
Silicate (water glass) /kg 102
Hydrochloric acid,
41
mannheim process powder/kg
Nitrogen
  (N2),
  liquid/kg
   37
Decarbonised water/kg 0,001
Water (demineralized)/kg dna
Tap water/kg 0,03
Hydrogen, liquid/kg 253
Zeolite/kg 425
Hydrochloric acid HCI (Mannheim)/kg dna
Hydrochloric acid HCI/kg dna
Oxygen, liquid/kg 35
Sulphuric acid/kg 27
Waste
  treatment
  scenario
  in
  the
  EU
   22 (!)
*
  Average
  value
  for
  production
  of
  anorganic
  chemicals.

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 84 23-12-2009 16:48

Organic 10.03
PRODUCTION mPt/kg
Chemicals
  (organic)/kg*
   249
Diesel
  (fuel)/kg*
   174
Ethylene oxide/kg 245
Ethylene glycol/kg 203
Petrol,
  unleaded
  (fuel)
  /kg**
   190
Heavy
  fuel
  oil/kg**
   166
Propylene glycol/kg 446
Urea/kg 350
Soap/kg 5306
Waste
  treatment
  scenario
  in
  the
  EU
   22 (!)
*
  Average
  value
  for
  production
  of
  organic
  chemicals.
**
  Only
  production
  of
  fuel,
  excluding
  combustion
  
emissions.

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 85 23-12-2009 16:48

Glues 10.04
PRODUCTION mPt/kg
Wood glue/kg 280

PVC glue/kg 159
EVA
  hot
  melt
  glue/kg*
   320
Flooring glue/kg 94
USE mPt/m²
PVC glue (solvent)/m² 26

Hotmelt glue/m² 21
Waste
  treatment
  scenario
  in
  the
  EU
   22 (!)
*
  Glue
  consumption
  per
  m2 and energy use

  for
  2
  minutes.

na: not applicable
Ecolizer EN.indb 86 23-12-2009 16:48

Colophon
11
This
  Ecolizer
  2.0
  was
  created
  in
  
collaboration with VITO (Flemish Institute for
Technological Research).
The calculations were done on the basis of

the ReCiPe method.
The indicators were constructed on the basis of

the following available sources and data.
1.
  “National
  Life
  Cycle
  Inventory
  Database
  
Ecoinvent
  2009”
www.ecoinvent.ch
2.
  ESU-‐ETH
  database
“Ökoinentare für Energiesystemen”,
1996
  3rd
  edition,
  ETH
  Zürich.
  [1996]
  
Please let us know if other or more recent data

are available.
Want to know more?

More information and other detailed examples of
Ecolizer applications can be found on
www.ovam.be/ecolizer
For questions, comments and additional informa-
tion, please write to [email protected]
Copying data is only allowed with OVAM’s prior

consent.
Although OVAM supports the method used in

Ecolizer
  2.0,
  results
  or
  indicators
  should
  not
  be
  
considered approved OVAM’s point of view.
OVAM does not accept liability for any damage

or loss incurred as a result of the use of the
Ecolizer
  2.0.
  
The name Ecolizer is a registered trademark and

communication product of OVAM.
(Trademark
  registration
  number:
  1164681)
  
Publisher: Danny Wille,

OVAM,
Stationsstraat
  110,
  
B-‐2800
  Mechelen
D/2009/5024/114
Ecolizer EN.indb 87 23-12-2009 16:48

More
information:
www.ovam.be
www.ovam.be/ecolizer
[email protected]
T: +32 (0)15 284 284
F: +32 (0)15 203 275
Openbare Vlaamse
Afvalstoffenmaatschappij
Stationsstraat 110
B-2800 Mechelen
Cover_def.indd 2 23-12-2009 16:39:41

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ecolizer

Cover_def.indd 1 23-12-2009 16:39:32

Avoid scarce materials.

Make a product as light as

Give all components the

Simplify repairs and reuse.

Estimate the duration of the

Make a sound analysis of the

Perhaps the product can

Ecolizer EN.indb 5 23-12-2009 16:48

This Ecolizer was developed for designers who

For calculation of the data, we opted for the

The data in this Ecolizer are based on the

Ecolizer EN.indb 1 23-12-2009 16:48

To meet the broad range of materials included in

Further research on the basis of designers’ own

Ecolizer EN.indb 2 23-12-2009 16:48

What you should know before you start … ... 00.01

Ecolizer EN.indb 3 23-12-2009 16:48

Paper and packaging

Lighting and electronic components

Ecolizer EN.indb 4 23-12-2009 16:48

As a designer, while developing a product you

The OVAM considers ecodesign to be one of

The OVAM is convinced that eco-design drives

Ecolizer EN.indb 6 23-12-2009 16:48

Each product has an impact on the environment

Eco-indicators of materials and processes

The eco-indicator is literally an indicator: it is

Ecolizer EN.indb 7 23-12-2009 16:48

For calculation of the data we chose the “ReCiPe

The following table shows the average weighing

Human health ..................................................... 400

After calculation of the impact of a certain

Please observe that these numbers have a

Ecolizer EN.indb 8 23-12-2009 16:48

For a correct application of the Ecolizer, you will

Ecolizer EN.indb 9 23-12-2009 16:48

What to do when information is missing?

For example: the indicator available for poly-

The lack of an indicator value for any material or

You can also replace the unknown indicator with

Ecolizer EN.indb 10 23-12-2009 16:48

Ecolizer EN.indb 11 23-12-2009 16:48

An exclamation mark (!)

Ecolizer EN.indb 12 23-12-2009 16:48

Production (of materials)

Energy generating processes

Ecolizer EN.indb 13 23-12-2009 16:48

By contrast, recycling does encompass all useful

High-grade recycling of materials for the original

Ecolizer EN.indb 14 23-12-2009 16:48

Recycling of materials is determined by the type

Metal and glass can and usually are submitted to

Provided its pollution is within limits, particu-

Plastics can only be recycled if they stay pure

Ecolizer EN.indb 15 23-12-2009 16:48

The indicators for a waste scenario apply if recy-

The waste scenarios are based on the concept