Stars and The Solar System: For Class 8 Revision

For Class 8th Revision
One Shot Lecture
Stars and The Solar System

By- ALOK SIR
TOPICS TO BE COVERED
01 THE MOON
02 THE STARS
03 CONSTELLATIONS
04 THE SOLAR SYSTEM
05 SOME OTHER MEMBERS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM

➢ The objects which twinkles are Stars.
➢ The objects which do not twinkle are planets.
➢ The moon is the brightest object in the night sky.
➢ The stars, the planets, the moon and many other objects in the
sky are called celestial objects.
➢ The study of celestial objects and associated phenomena is
called astronomy.
The Moon
The various shapes of the bright part of

the moon as seen during a month are
called phases of the moon.
The Moon
➢ The day on which the whole disc of the moon is visible is known as the full
moon day.
➢ Thereafter, every night the size of the bright part of the moon appears to
become thinner and thinner.
➢ On the fifteenth day the moon is not visible. This day is known as the ‘new
moon day’.
The Moon
➢ Phases of the moon play an important role in our social life.

➢ Almost all festivals in India are celebrated according to the phases of the
moon.
➢ For example, Diwali is celebrated on the new moon day; Budh Poornima and
Guru Nanak’s birthday are celebrated on full moon day; Maha Shivratri is
celebrated on thirteenth night of waning moon; Eidul-Fitr is observed on the
day following the sighting of crescent moon.
The Moon’s Surface
➢ The moon’s surface is dusty and barren.

➢ There are many craters of different sizes.
➢ It also has a large number of steep and high mountains.
➢ Some of these are as high as the highest mountains on the Earth.
➢ The moon has no atmosphere. It has no water.
Can we hear any
Sound on Moon?
On July 21, 1969 (Indian time) the

American astronaut, Neil
Armstrong, landed on the moon for
the first time..
The Stars
➢ A star is a luminous ball of gas, mostly hydrogen and helium, held together by
its own gravity.
➢ Stars emit light of their own.
➢ The Sun is also a star.
➢ The stars are millions of times farther away than the Sun.
➢ Therefore, the stars appear to us like points.
The Stars Sun
Proxima Century
The Stars
➢ Such large distances are expressed in another unit known as light year.
➢ It is the distance travelled by light in one year.
➢ The speed of light is about 300,000 km per second.
➢ Thus, the distance of the Sun from the Earth may be said to be about 8 light
minutes.
➢ The distance of Alpha Centauri is about 4.3 light years.
The Stars
➢ The stars appear to move from east to west. A star which rises in the east in
the evening, sets in the west in the early morning.
➢ It mean that the Earth, rotates from west to east.
➢ There is actually a star, the pole star, which is situated in the direction of the
earth’s axis. It does not appear to move
Constellations
➢ The stars forming a group that has a recognizable shape is called a

constellation.
➢ You can easily identify some constellations in the night sky.
➢ For this, you should know what a particular constellation looks like and
where to look for it in the night sky.
Constellations
Constellations
Constellations
➢ One of the most famous constellations which you can see during summer
time in the early part of the night is Ursa Major.
➢ It is also known as the Big Dipper, the Great Bear or the Saptarshi.
➢ There are seven prominent stars in this constellation.
➢ It appears like a big ladle or a question mark.
➢ There are three stars in the handle of the ladle and four in its bowl.
The Solar System
The collection of eight planets and their moons in orbit round the sun,
together with smaller bodies in the form of asteroids, meteoroids, and
comets. The planets of the solar system are (in order of distance from the
sun) Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
The Sun
Sun is a huge star made up of extremely hot gases. It provides the

pulling force that binds the solar system. It is the ultimate source of heat
and light for the solar system. The tremendous heat of the sun is not felt
much by us because despite being the nearest star, the sun is quite far
from the Earth.
The Planets
Planets are. Interactive. large natural objects that orbit, or travel

around, stars. Eight planets orbit the star called the Sun. In order from
the closest to the Sun, these planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars,
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
Asteroids
Asteroids are rocky objects that orbit the sun but are too
small to be classified as planets. They are also referred to
as planetoids or minor planets.
Comets
Comets are cosmic snowballs of frozen gases,

rock, and dust that orbit the Sun.
Meteors and Meteorites
Artificial Satellites
Man-made satellites which revolve around Earth and other planets

are known as artificial satellites. These are different from natural
satellites. Artificial satellites are sent into space by rocket or some
satellite launching vehicle.

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For Class 8th Revision

One Shot Lecture

Stars and The Solar System

04 THE SOLAR SYSTEM

05 SOME OTHER MEMBERS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM

The various shapes of the bright part of

➢ Phases of the moon play an important role in our social life.

➢ The moon’s surface is dusty and barren.

On July 21, 1969 (Indian time) the

➢ The stars forming a group that has a recognizable shape is called a

Sun is a huge star made up of extremely hot gases. It provides the

Planets are. Interactive. large natural objects that orbit, or travel

Comets are cosmic snowballs of frozen gases,

Man-made satellites which revolve around Earth and other planets

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