Module 5

MODULE 5
Students with Mental Retardation
Learning Activities
Activity 1. Answer the following questions comprehensively.
a. Before you studied this module, what were your ideas about persons with
mental retardation? How did such preconceived ideas come about?
 Before, my ideas about mental retardation are that they have an
incomplete development of mind, that it is one of the more common
developmental disabilities. This preconceived ideas come about what
I’ve seen from those children who has this developmental disabilities.
b. What skills can a child with profound mental retardation do?

 They may do the basic self-care and communication skills.
c. How do you feel about being a person with a developmental disability?

 I felt pity to those people who have developmental disability because
it’s not their fault why they are disabled. I realize that I am lucky that I
don’t have disability than I am healthy because there are so many
people struggling with severe illness and they can’t do anything but
just to accept their fate. I find disability people interesting and amazing
because some of them have so much talent. Despite of their illness,
they are still trying to exceed in any way.
d. How can you take care of yourself so that you will continue to develop
normally and be a successful adult?
 It’s so important to make sure you take good care of your body, mind
and soul every day, not just when you get sick. Learning how to eat
right, reduce stress, exercise regularly, and take a time-out when you
need it are touchstones of self-care can help us anti-stress, stay
healthy and be resilient.
Activity 2. Revisit virtually the SpEd schools nearest you and ask the
following questions to the SpEd teacher assigned to handle classes for mental
retardation.
a. How many learners with mental retardation are enrolled in your school?
 Mental retardation students need to be diagnosed but they still accept
even if it didn’t undergo diagnosed, according to the teacher that we
interviewed she didn’t said specific number of mental retarded students
but there are 23 Sped Students in Gabaldon Elementary School.
b. What is the most common cause of mental retardation among your

learners? What are their characteristics?
 During the pregnancy the mother tried to abort the child but not
successfully done. It may be genetics from mother or father side.
c. What are the programs implemented to cater the children with mental
retardation in your school?
 They implement inclusive education were they mainstream Sped
students to the regular one but they still follow up that student and
that student will just attend the class were he/she excel like he/she is
good in mathematics, he/she will be mainstream or join to the
mathematics class only.
d. Are you also implementing inclusive education in your school? What are
your thoughts about the program?
 Yes, they have mainstream students. But if he/she doesn’t improve or
show excellent behavior he/she will be back to the sped class for
observation.
e. What are the different methods of instructions utilized in teaching the

children with mental retardation in your class? Which of the methods of
instruction is most effective?
 Individualized teaching and routinary activities. But in this pandemic,
they used Parent Teaching Guide (PTG) where all activities are
provided.
Evaluation
1. Test how much you have learned about mental retardation by answering
the following questions:
a. Explain the four elements in the 1992 AAMR definition of mental
retardation.
 Substantial limitation in present functioning means that the
person has difficulty in performing everyday activities related to taking
care of one’s self, doing ordinary task at home and work related to the
other adaptive skills areas. The area includes academic work, if the
person goes to school.
 Significantly sub- average intellectual functioning means that
the person significantly below average intelligence. Intellectual
functioning is a broad summation of cognitive abilities, such as the
capacity to learn, solve problems, accumulate knowledge and adapt to
new situation.
 Limitations in the adaptive skills areas means that the person has
difficulty in performing task.
 Related Limitations in adaptive skills areas means that the
person has difficulty in performing task.
b. What makes a mental retardation a complex, rather than a simple

developmental disability?
 It is that a mental retardation is a lifelong condition characterized by
significant impairment of cognitive and adaptive development which his
or her functioning is impaired in certain specific ways.
c. List the labels used in the past to describe children with mental
retardation. Why are these terms not used anymore today?
1) Mental retardation is a complex
2) Mental retardation is a developmental disability
3) Mental retardation results in substantial limitations in three or more
of the major activities of daily life.
4) Mental retardation encompasses a heterogenous group of people
with varying needs.
- These terms were not used anymore today because; the old labels are
mentally defective, mentally deficient, feebleminded, moron, imbecile
and idiot. Today, several associations and agencies define mental
retardation in different ways.
d. What are the classifications of mental retardation? In what ways are

they different from each other?
1) Mild mental retardation with IQ scores from 55 to 70
2) Moderate mental retardation with IQ scores from 40 to 54
3) Severe mental retardation with IQ scores from 25 to 39
4) Profound mental retardation with IQ scores below 25
- They were different in their IQ score and each classification has a
criterion on how well a person can manage daily tasks which are
appropriate for its stage.
e. Enumerate and describe the causes of mental retardation.

 Prenatal or biological causes – this are those originate during
conception or pregnancy until before birth are chromosomal disorders.
 Perinatal causes – this is where trauma is the major cause.
 Postnatal causes – these causes though accidents, particularly
vehicular accidents, are the leading causes.
 Environmental causes – these causes are traced to a psychological
disadvantage which is a combination of poor social and cultural
environments early in the child’s life.
f. What are the common characteristics of persons with mental
retardation? Explain why they manifest these characteristics?
 There common characteristics were substantial limitations in age-
appropriate intellectual and adaptive behavior. They manifest such
characteristics by dependence upon others for personal needs and an
inability to follow simple directions.
g. What assessment procedures are used in the Philippines to identify

children and youth with mental retardation?
 Initial assessment is done by the classroom teacher in order to identify
student with special and need, which done through teacher
nomination. Then the final assessment follows, when a child is
suspected to have a developmental disability such as mental
retardation in complete diagnosis of the condition necessary.
h. Enumerate the types of educational placement for students with

mental retardation. Describe each.
 They were placed in self-contained classes - The special
curriculum emphasized the communication arts, mathematics, self-help
skills, social and recreational skills, motor skills, and pre-vocational and
vocational skills. These students receive their special education in
either a resource room, where they work with a special education
teacher one-to-one or in a small group, or in the regular classroom
where the special education teacher works with them.
i. Do you favor inclusive education for students with disabilities? Explain

your stand on the issue.
 Yes. Simply because inclusive education is not only benefit students
with disabilities, but also create an environment in which everyday
student, including those who do not have disabilities, has the
opportunity to flourish.
j. What strategies are used in teaching students with mental retardation?
 Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)
 Task analysis
 Direct and frequent measurement of the increments of learning
 Active Student Response (ASR)
 Systematic feedback through positive reinforcement
 Transfer Stimulus Control

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MODULE 5

Students with Mental Retardation

b. What skills can a child with profound mental retardation do?

c. How do you feel about being a person with a developmental disability?

b. What is the most common cause of mental retardation among your

e. What are the different methods of instructions utilized in teaching the

b. What makes a mental retardation a complex, rather than a simple

d. What are the classifications of mental retardation? In what ways are

e. Enumerate and describe the causes of mental retardation.

g. What assessment procedures are used in the Philippines to identify

h. Enumerate the types of educational placement for students with

i. Do you favor inclusive education for students with disabilities? Explain

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