Assignment

KYAMBOGO UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
TEEE4206, SUBSTATION ENGINEERING
NAME : LUTAAGA GERALD
REG NO : 18/U/BET/18076/PE
TASK : ASSIGNMENT 1
YEAR OF STUDY : FOUR
SEMESTER : TWO
DATE : 28/02/2022
LECTURER : Mrs Prossy Mutesi

a) Illustrate the auxiliary supply connections in a substation of medium
capacity.
The purpose of auxiliary power supply systems is to cater for the necessary energy for the operation
of primary and secondary devices at the substation. The auxiliary power systems are normally
divided in two categories, namely the AC system and the DC system.
AC power is required for substation building, lighting, heating and ventilation, some communications
equipment, switchgear operating mechanisms, ant condensation heaters, and motors. DC power is used
to feed essential services such as circuit breaker trip coils and associated relays, supervisory control
and data acquisition (SCADA), and communications equipment.
Figure below provides an example of a single line diagram of a 415VAC distribution board in a
substation of medium capacity with; two step down transformers which step down to the required ac
415V, two supply lines and two sections at both the high voltage (HV) side and low voltage side (LV),
with sectionalizing breakers at both HV and LV voltages.
Such an arrangement provides redundancy and reliability in case of any component failure by
transferring the power supply from one section to another. Additionally, any component of the
substation can be taken out of service for maintenance, the various substation auxiliary components at
connected at the outgoing feeder points.
b) Discuss substation design considerations.
Substation design must be a combination of reliability and quality of the power supply, safety,
economics, maintainability, simplicity of operation, and functionality. Safety of life and preservation
of property are the two most important factors in the design of the substation.
 Land area
The cost of purchasing a plot of land in a densely populated area is considerably high therefore,
there is a trend towards compact substation design this is made possible by the use of indoor
gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) substation designs or by using such configurations as the
transformer feeder substation layout. In addition, compact design reduces civil work activities
(site preparation, building costs, requirements for concrete cable trenches, surfacing and access
roads).
 Cost
Satisfactory cost comparison between different substation layout designs is extremely difficult
because of the differences in performances and maintainability. It is preferable to base a
decision for a particular layout on technical grounds. Then, determine the most economic
means of achieving these technical requirements.
 Reliability of supply
This means that the arrangement of equipment (layout) must be such that the electric power
supply is guaranteed for as long as possible. This means that a fault at any point in the
substation circuit must not result in the complete shutdown of the entire substation. In order to
achieve this, most of the protective devices is usually duplicated to act as back up protection for
any of the devices that fail.
 Extendibility
The design should allow for future extendibility. Due to the fact that demand for power might
increase, it is paramount to provide space for extension during design. This will help supply
match demand for power when/if the need arises. Where a future extension is likely to involve
major changes {such as from a single to double busbar arrangement} then it is best to install the
final arrangement at the outset because of the disruption that will be involved later. Failure to
consider extendibility will result in building a fresh substation when demand eventually beat
supply.
 Maintainability
The design must take into account the electricity supply company system planning and
operations procedures together with a knowledge of reliability and maintenance requirements
for the proposed substation equipment. In a similar way, the layout must allow easy access of
winching gear, mobile cranes or other lifting devices if maintenance downtimes are to be kept
to a minimum.
 Operational flexibility
The physical layout of individual circuit and group of circuits must permit the required power
flow control. It is mostly carried out with a two transformer substation operation. Here, the goal
is to avoid loss of service when switching from one transformer to another or feeding with both.
 Protection arrangement
The design must allow for multiple busbar arrangement. This will provide greater flexibility
than a ring bus bar. The protection of each system element by the provision of suitable CT
locations to ensure overlapping of protection zones should be considered. Lastly, the type of
protection, extent and type of mechanical and electrical interlocking must be considered too.
c) Describe the importance of SCADA and Communication in substation

design.
d) Discuss the effect of lightening in electrical installation.

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KYAMBOGO UNIVERSITY

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

TEEE4206, SUBSTATION ENGINEERING

NAME : LUTAAGA GERALD

YEAR OF STUDY : FOUR

LECTURER : Mrs Prossy Mutesi

c) Describe the importance of SCADA and Communication in substation

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