MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF

TECHNICAL EDUCATION, MUMBAI

A
MICRO PROJECT REPORT
ON
" TYPES OF TESTS ON AGGRIGATE "

SUBMITTED BY
Sr.No. Name of student Exam
seat no
1 Vadekar Pradumnya D. 198106
2 Ubale Aditya S. 198110
3 Yadav Akhilesh S. 198113
4 Shirtar Akash B.

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Mr.SUNSULE A.B.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

S.R.E.I’s
SAMARTH POLYTECHNIC,BELHE
TAL-JUNNER,DIST-PUNE 412410

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF

 TECHNICAL EDUCATION,MUMBAI
S.R.E.I’s
SAMARTH POLYTECHNIC,BELHE
TAL-JUNNER,DIST-PUNE 412410

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that
Awari Akshay Rajendra
Have satisfactorily completed Micro Project on
" TYPES OF CEMENT "
As a part of Syllabus of CTE(22305)
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai
For the partial fulfillment of

Diploma in Civil Engineering

In the academic year 2022-23

SUBJECT TEACHER H.O.D.

(Sunsule A.B.) (Kamble
V.P)

PRINCIPAL
(Kapile A.S)

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
 This project is done as a semester project, as a part course titled“Types of Tests on
Aggregates”.

We are really thankful to our course the Principal Prof. Kapile A.S and The HOD
Prof. Kamble V.P ,Civil Department, Samarth Polytechnic, Belhe for his invaluable guidance
and assistance, without which the accomplishment of the task would have never been
possible.We also thanks Mr. Shinde sir For giving this opportunity to explore into the real
world and realize the interrelation without which a Project can never progress.

In my present project I have chosen the topic “Types of Tests on Aggregates”.

I also thankful to parents, friend and all staff of Civil engineering department, for
providing me relevant information and Necessary clarifications and great support.

Name of student- YADAV AKHILESH SURENDRA.

Enrollment No- 2209920128
 ABSTRACT

Various TYPE OF CEMENT are done to properties of concret depend upon the

quantity and proportional of the ingredient use in the mix. Concrete is composed of cement,
water and coarse aggregates. When mixed together, they create a construction material that
hardens over time. How much water and cement you use determine the properties of
concrete, such as:

 Strength
 Durability
 Resistance to heat or radiation
 Workability

of cement, water and coarse aggregates. When mixed together, they create a construction material
that hardens over time. How much water and cement you use determine the properties of
concrete, such as:
 Strength
 Durability
 Res



you use determine the properties of concrete, such as:
 Strength
 Durability
 Resistance to heat or radiation
 Workability
Fresh concrete has many applications and can be cast into circles, rectangles, squares and more. It
can also be used for staircases, columns, doors, beams, lentils and other familiar structures.
Concrete is made in different grades, including normal, standard and high-strength grades. These
grades indicate how strong the concrete is and how it will be used in construction. What kind do
you need? Our guide can help you decide based on your project requirements.

Fresh concrete has many applications and can be cast into circles, rectangles, squares and more. It
can also be used for staircases, columns, doors, beams, lentils and other familiar structures.
Concrete is made in different grades, including normal, standard and high-strength grades. These
grades indicate how strong the concrete is and how it will be used in construction. What kind do
you need? Our guide can help you decide based on your project requirements.

INDEX
Sr. Title Sub Page
No. title No.

Certificate 2.
Acknowledgement 3.
Abstract 4.
Index 5.
1. Introduction Aggregate Crushing Test 7.
Types of Tests on aggrigate
Aggregate Impact Test

Aggregate Abrasion Test

Flakiness Index Test

Elongation Index Test

Angularity Test

Soundness Test

Specific Gravity and Water

Absorption Test

Stripping Value Test

3 Conclusion 16
4 References 17
5. Teacher evolution sheet 18
6. Microproject evolution sheet 20
Actual procedure
followed :

Sign of
Sr. Activity Activity
Subject
No. Details of Activity Start Date Finish
Teacher
date
Select a project name with the help of a subject
1 teacher. Teacher guide the how to make a project.

Discuss the Micro project subject with group

2 members and how to collect the information.

Collect the information with the help of

3 textbook , reference books. Note down the main
points with the help of group members.

Collect information and diagram to saw the

4 teacher. Teacher guide to how to prepare a
report of micro Project.

Made the micro project report with the help of

5 group members and printout the pages and made a
file of micro project

Check the project with the help of teacher and

6 submit the micro project report.

Chapter No 1
 INTRODUCTION

and quality of concrete you want.

When you make concrete, regardless of what you plan to use it for, you have to mix the right
proportions to achieve the quality you desire. You can use two different mixes to make concrete:

Nominal mix: This mix is used for ordinary construction such as small residential structures.
Most nominal mixes use a proportion of 1:2:4. The first number is the ratio of cement, the second
number is the ratio of sand and the third number is the ratio of aggregate needed based on weight
or volume of materials.
Design mix: The design mix, or mix design, relies on proportions finalized using lab tests to
determine the compressive strength of the mixture. This will determine the strength you need
based on the structural design of the concrete component.
Along with the mix proportions, there are also two methods used for mixing the concrete:

Machine mixing: This uses different types of machines. The ingredients are placed into the
machine and then mixed. The result is fresh concrete.
Hand mixing: When mixed by hand, the ingredients are placed on a flat surface. Workers then
add water and mix the cement by hand using special tools designed for the task.
The kind of mixing you use depends on the quantity and quality of concrete you want.
 Chapter 2

Methodology

What are Tests on Aggregates?

Aggregates are crucial in the construction industry and can be utilized for a variety of
projects. Aggregates are a key component in the production of concrete and provide various
advantages. Their principal application is to reinforce concrete, hence strengthening its
structure and reducing cracking.

As a result, before using aggregates for construction, they must be examined and evaluated
for quality. Many types of aggregate studies show that aggregate quality has a significant
impact on the quality of concrete and, eventually, the building.
Types of Tests on Aggregates : 

In the case of aggregates, 9 key tests have been identified that define aggregate quality.

These tests on aggregates are listed below -

Signup for Free Mock

 Aggregate Crushing Test

 Aggregate Impact Test
 Aggregate Abrasion Test
 Flakiness Index Test
 Elongation Index Test
 Angularity Test
 Soundness Test
 Specific Gravity and Water Absorption Test
 Stripping Value Test 

1) Aggregate Crushing Test :

The strength of aggregate is defined as the resistance of the aggregate against gradual
loading. The strength of aggregate is determined by the Crushing Value Test on aggregates.
The aggregates passing through a 12.5 mm IS sieve and retained on a 10 mm IS sieve are
taken. These aggregates are subjected to gradual loading of 40 tonnes with the help of a
plunger.
The crushed aggregates are then passed through a 2.36 mm sieve. The weight of the
aggregates passing through the 2.36 mm sieve, expressed as the percentage of the total weight
of aggregates, is referred to as Aggregate Crushing Value (ACV). Lesser is the ACV, more
will be the strength of aggregate. ACV less than 10 indicates exceptionally strong aggregate
whereas, ACV greater than 35 indicates weak aggregate.

Aggregate Crushing Value (ACV) =weight of material passing through 2.36 mm

sieve/ weight of total aggregate

2) Aggregate Impact Test :

The toughness of the aggregate is defined as the ability to resist impact loading. The
toughness of the aggregate is determined by Impact Value Test on aggregates. The aggregates
passing through a 12.5 mm IS sieve and retained on a 10 mm IS sieve are taken. This sample
of aggregate is subjected to 15 blows with the help of a metallic hammer having a mass of
13.5-14 kg, free-falling from a height of 38 cm.

The aggregates after impact are passed through the sieve of size 2.36 mm. The weight of
aggregates passing through the 2.36 mm sieve, expressed as the percentage of the total weight
of aggregates is referred to as Aggregate Impact Value (AIV). Lesser is the AIV, more will
be the toughness of the aggregate. The AIV of aggregate should not exceed 30% for wearing
course, 35% for bituminous macadam and 40% for water-bound macadam.

Aggregate Impact Value (AIV)=weight of material passing through 2.36 mm sieve/weight of

total aggregate

3) Aggregate Abrasion Test :

Hardness is the property of aggregate that allows it to withstand wear and tear (abrasion). The
hardness of the aggregates can be determined by Deval Abrasion Test, Dorry’s Abrasion Test
and Los Angeles Abrasion Test. The Los Angeles Abrasion Test on aggregates is the
standardized method for determining the hardness of aggregates in India. In this test,
aggregates passing through a 12.5 mm sieve and retained on a 10 mm sieve are placed in a
cylinder having steel balls in it. The sample is subjected to abrasion by rotating the cylinder
500 times at the speed of 30 to 33 rpm.
The aggregates after the test are passed through a 1.7 mm sieve and the weight of the
aggregates passing through the sieve is noted, which when expressed in terms of percentage
of the total weight of aggregates is referred to as Aggregate Abrasion Value. Lesser abrasion
value means more hardness of aggregate. Abrasion value should not exceed 35% for
bituminous macadam and 40% for WBM base course.

Los Angeles Abrasion Value =weight of material passing through 1.7 mm sieve/weight of
total aggregate

4) Flakiness Index Test :

The flakiness index of the aggregates is defined as the percentage by weight of the aggregates
in the sample whose least dimension is less than 0.6 times the mean dimension. The flakiness
index test on aggregates is performed using Thickness Gauge.

This test does not apply to aggregates with a size of less than 6.3 mm. An aggregate sample
having a minimum of 200 pieces is considered and each aggregate is passed through
respective gauges of the thickness gauge. The weight of the aggregates passing through
various gauges is noted which when expressed as a percentage of the total weight of
aggregate sample is referred to as Flakiness Index.

Flakiness Index=Weight of material passing the various gauges/Total weight of the sample
5) Elongation Index Test

The elongation index of the aggregates is defined as the percentage by weight of the
aggregates present in the sample having their greatest size greater than 1.8 times of their
mean size. Elongation index test on aggregates is performed using Length Gauge.
 This test does not apply to aggregates with a size of less than 6.3 mm. An aggregate
sample having a minimum of 200 pieces is considered and each aggregate is passed through
the respective gauges of the length gauge. The weight of aggregates retained over various
gauges is noted which when expressed in terms of the total weight of the aggregates is
referred to as Elongation Index.

Elongation Index=Weight of material retained on various gauges/Total weight of the sample

6) Angularity Test :

The angularity test on aggregates determines the angularity of aggregates in a sample. The
angularity of the aggregates is measured in terms of Angularity Number which is defined as
the amount by which the percentage of voids in it, exceeds 33. For this test, a quantity of
single-sized aggregate is filled into a metal cylinder of known capacity and compacted. The
percentage of void in the aggregate sample is determined. Angularity number is calculated
using the following equation -
Angularity Number=67-100W/C×G

Where,

 W = weight of the aggregate required to fill the cylinder

 C = weight of water needed to fill the cylinder
 G = specific gravity of aggregate

For well compacted, single-sized rounded aggregate percentage air void is 33% i.e.,
angularity number is zero. Angularity number will be expressed as the nearest whole number.
The angularity number value varies in the range of 0 to 11. A higher value of angularity
number indicates that aggregates are more angular.

7) Soundness Test :

Soundness of the aggregate can be defined as its resistance against weathering action.
Repeated cycles of freezing and thawing can cause the aggregates to disintegrate. The
soundness test on aggregates is meant to investigate the resistance of aggregates against
weathering action by subjecting them to accelerated weathering test cycles.

Aggregates of a particular size are wetted in a saturated solution of sodium sulphate or

magnesium sulphate for 16 - 18 hours, then dried to a constant weight in an oven at 105 -
110°C. This cycle is repeated 5 times and the weight loss of aggregates is determined after
removing all undersized particles. Loss in weight should not exceed 12% in test with Sodium
sulphate and 18% in test with Magnesium sulphate.

8) Specific Gravity and Water Absorption Test :

Specific Gravity and Water Absorption Test are two important tests on aggregate as these
parameters are important in the design of concrete and bituminous mixes. The ratio of an
aggregate's mass to that of an equal volume of distilled water at a specified temperature is
known as specific gravity. There are two types of specific gravity. Bulk specific gravity in
which total volume of aggregate along with volume occupied by voids are considered and
Apparent specific gravity in which only volume of aggregate is considered without
accounting for the volume of voids.

Bulk specific gravity Gbulk=dry mass of aggregate or volume of aggregate/Density of water

Apparent specific gravity Gapp=dry mass of aggregate or volume of aggregate without

voids/Density of water

Water absorption of aggregate can be determined by taking the weight of dry aggregates (W1)
and the weight of aggregate in saturated-surface dry conditions (W2). Water absorption can
then be calculated by -

Water absorption of aggregates=[(W2-W1)/W1]×100

The specific gravity of aggregates normally used in pavement construction ranges from 2.6 to
2.9. Water absorption value greater than 0.6% is unsatisfactory. Water absorption from 0.1%
to about 2% is normally used in road surfacing.
9) Stripping Value Test :

Stripping Value Test on aggregates is performed for pavement construction. The adhesion of
aggregates to bitumen is an important factor in determining the quality of bituminous mix and
the performance of the pavement. The presence of water can cause the bituminous binder to
strip off from the coated aggregates. A static immersion test is recommended by IRC to
measure the Stripping Value.

In this test, aggregates fully coated with the bituminous binder are kept in water maintained at
40°C temperature for 24 hours. The level of stripping is visually measured after 24 hours.
The upper limit for the stripping value of aggregates is 5%.

CONCLUSION

The shape tests give only a rough idea of the relative shapes of aggregates. Flaky and
elongated particles should be avoided in pavement construction, particularly in surface
course. Aggregate physical property must lower Aggregate Impact Value, AIV because is
tougher and resistance to crushed. We can conclude that the aggregate been used are
medium toughand resistant to be crash.

REFERENCES

1) https://www.google.com/search?
q=conclusion+of+test+on+aggrigate&rlz=1C1CHBF_enIN1035IN1035&ei=rdehY-
 rbD93yz7sP5qSgqA8&ved=0ahUKEwiq5t2pxIj8AhVd-
XMBHWYSCPUQ4dUDCA8&uact=5&oq=conclusion+of+test+on+aggrigate&gs_lcp

2) https://www.studocu.com/my/document/politeknik-port-dickson/civil-engineering/aiv-lab-
report/13006315
3) https://civilplanets.com/aggregate-impact-value-test

TEACHER EVALUATION SHEET

Name of Student :- Awari Akshay Rajendra

Enrollment No: 198115

Name of Program : Concrete Technology

Semester: III

Course Title: Diploma in Civil Engineering

Course Code: 22305

Title of Microproject : types of tests on aggrigate

 Planned Planned Name of Responsible
S. Details of activity Start
No.
Date Finish date Team Members
1 Search micro project topics related Awari akshay Rajendra

To subject.

Sinalkar nishant balasaheb

2 Selection of micro project title
3 Search & collect information Awari mayuri rajendra
related to selected topic
4 Completion of micro project topic Throat ashwamegh sunil

Proposal
5 Analyze & finalize collected data
For micro-Project report.
6 Finalize Design

7 Implementation of micro project

8 Report preparation, finalization,
Submission

Resourced Required :

S. No. Name of Resource /Material Specifications Qty. Remarks

1 Window10 EDIT 1 PC
2 Details of types of test on NOTES
aggrigate 1 Book
 Evaluation as per Suggested Rubric for Assessment of Micro Project
(Please tick in appropriate cell for each characteristic)
Charact Poo Average Go Excellent
e r od
No ristic to ( Marks 1-3 ) ( Marks 4 - 5 ) ( Marks 6 - 8 ) ( Marks 9-
be 10 )
assessed
1 Relevanc Relate to very few Related to some Take care of at Take care
e to the LOs Los least one CO of more
course than one
CO

2 Not more than two At-least 5 relevant At –least 7 About 10

Literatur sources (primary sources, at least 2 relevant sources, relevant
e and secondary), latest most latest sources,
Survey very old reference most latest
/informat

ion
collectio
n
3 Complet Complete less Completed 50 to Completed 60 to Completed
i on of d than 60% 80% more than
the 50% 80 %
Target
asper
project
proposal
4 Analysis Sample Size small, Sufficient and Sufficient and Enough
of Data data neither appropriate appropriate Data
and organized nor sample, enough sample, enough collected by
represent presented well data generated but data generated sufficient
ation not organized which is and
and not presented organized and appropriate
well. No or poor presented well but Sample
inferences drawn poor inferences size. Proper
drawn inferences
drawn by
organising
And
presenting
Data
through

S Charact Poor Average Go Excellent

e od
r. ristic to ( Marks 1-3 ) ( Marks 4 - 5 ) ( Marks 6 - 8 ) ( Marks 9-
No be 10 )
. assesse
 d
tables,
charts and
graphs.

5 Qualit Incomplete Just Well Well

y of fabrication/asse Assembled assembled/fabric assembled
Protot mbly. /fabricated and ated with proper /fabricated
y pe/ parts are not functioning parts.In with proper
Model functioning well. proper shape, functioning
Not in proper within tolerance parts. In
shape, dimensions dimensions and proper
beyond tolerance good shape,
limit. finish/appearanc within
Appearance/finis h e. But no creativity tolerance
is shabby. in design and use dimension s
and good
of material
finish/appear
ance.
Creativity
in design
and use of
material

6 Report Very short, poor Nearly sufficient Detailed, correct Very

Preparat quality sketches, and correct details and clear detailed,
ion Details about about methods, description of correct,
methods, material, material, methods, clear
precaution and precautions and materials, description
conclusions conclusion, but precautions and of methods,
omitted, some clarity is not there Conclusions. materials,
details are wrong in presentation. Sufficient Graphic precautions
But not enough Description. and
graphic conclusion
description. s. Enough
tables,
charts and
sketches

7 Present Major information Includes major Includes major Well

ation is not included, information but not information and organized,
information is not well organized and well organized but includes
well organized. notpresented well not presentedwell major
informatio
n ,well
presented
8 Any other
(depending
upon nature of
project: please
indicators by
indien)
 Defense Could not reply to Replied to Replied properly Replied
9 considerablenumber considerable to considerable mos
of question. number of number of t of
questions but not question. the
very properly questio
ns
properl
y

Microproject Evaluation Sheet

Sr. Name of students (A) Process and (B) Individual Total Marks
No. ProductAssessment (6 Marks ) Presentation/ (10)
Viva(4 Marks)
1) Vadwkar Pradumnya D.
2) Ubale Aditya S.
3) Yadav Akhilesh s.
4) Shirtar Akash B.

Comment/Suggestion about team work/leadership/inter-personal communication (if

any)

……………………….……………………….……………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………….……………………………………………………………………

Name and Signature Dated

Signature

(Mr. Sunsule A.B.)