JSON Introduction

Introducing JSON
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ECMA-404 The JSON Data Interchange Standard.
JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight

data-interchange format. It is easy for humans to read
and write. It is easy for machines to parse and object
{}
generate. It is based on a subset of the JavaScript
{ members }
Programming Language, Standard ECMA-262 3rd
members
Edition - December 1999. JSON is a text format that is
pair
completely language independent but uses conventions
pair , members
that are familiar to programmers of the C-family of
pair
languages, including C, C++, C#, Java, JavaScript,
string : value
Perl, Python, and many others. These properties make
array
JSON an ideal data-interchange language. []
[ elements ]
JSON is built on two structures:
elements
• A collection of name/value pairs. In various value
languages, this is realized as an object, record, value , elements
struct, dictionary, hash table, keyed list, or value
associative array. string
• An ordered list of values. In most languages, this number
is realized as an array, vector, list, or sequence. object
array
true
These are universal data structures. Virtually all
false
modern programming languages support them in one null
form or another. It makes sense that a data format that
is interchangeable with programming languages also
be based on these structures. string
""
In JSON, they take on these forms: " chars "
chars
An object is an unordered set of name/value pairs. An char
object begins with { (left brace) and ends with } (right char chars
brace). Each name is followed by : (colon) and the char
name/value pairs are separated by , (comma). any-Unicode-character-
except-"-or-\-or-
control-character
\"
\\
\/
\b
\f
\n
\r
\t
\u four-hex-digits
number
int
int frac
int exp
int frac exp
int
digit
digit1-9 digits
- digit
- digit1-9 digits
frac
. digits
exp
e digits
digits
digit
digit digits
e
e
e+
e-
E
E+
E-
An array is an ordered collection of values. An array begins with [ (left bracket) and ends
with ] (right bracket). Values are separated by , (comma).
A value can be a string in double quotes, or a number, or true or false or null, or an

object or an array. These structures can be nested.
A string is a sequence of zero or more Unicode characters, wrapped in double quotes,
using backslash escapes. A character is represented as a single character string. A string
is very much like a C or Java string.
A number is very much like a C or Java number, except that the octal and hexadecimal
formats are not used.
Whitespace can be inserted between any pair of tokens. Excepting a few encoding
details, that completely describes the language.
• 8th:
• json>.
• ABAP:
• EPO Connector.
• ActionScript:
• ActionScript3.
• Ada:
• GNATCOLL.JSON.
• AdvPL:
• JSON-ADVPL.
• ASP:
• JSON for ASP.
• JSON ASP utility class.
• AWK:
• JSON.awk.
• rhawk.
• Bash:
• Jshon.
• JSON.sh.
• BlitzMax:
• bmx-rjson.
• C:
• JSON_checker.
• YAJL.
• LibU.
• json-c.
• json-parser.
• jsonsl.
• WJElement.
• M's JSON parser.
• cJSON.
• Jansson.
• jsmn.
• parson.
• ujson4c.
• nxjson.
• frozen.
• microjson.
• C++:
• JSONKit.
• jsonme--.
• ThorsSerializer.
• JsonBox.
• jvar.
• rapidjson.
• JSON for Modern C++.
• ArduinoJson.
• minijson.
• jsoncons.
• QJson.
• jsoncpp.
• JOST.
• CAJUN.
• libjson.
• nosjob.
• JSON++.
• JSON library for IoT.
• qmjson.
• JSON Support in Qt.
• JsonWax for Qt.
• C#:
• fastJSON.
• JSON_checker.
• Jayrock.
• Json.NET - LINQ to JSON.
• LitJSON.
• JSON for .NET.
• JSON@CodeTitans.
• JSONSharp.
• fluent-json.
• Manatee Json.
• FastJsonParser.
• LightJson.
• Ciao:
• Ciao JSON encoder and decoder.
• Clojure:
• data.json.
• Cobol:
• XML Thunder.
• Redvers COBOL JSON Interface.
• ColdFusion:
• SerializeJSON.
• toJSON.
• D:
• Libdjson.
• Dart:
• json library.
• Delphi:
• Delphi Web Utils.
• JSON Delphi Library.
• E:
• JSON in TermL.
• Fantom:
• Json.
• FileMaker:
• JSON.
• Fortran:
• json-fortran.
• YAJL-Fort.
• Go:
• package json.
• Groovy:
• groovy-io.
• Haskell:
• RJson package.
• json package.
• Java:
• JSON-java.
• JSONUtil.
• jsonp.
• Json-lib.
• Stringtree.
• SOJO.
• json-taglib.
• Flexjson.
• JON tools.
• Argo.
• jsonij.
• fastjson.
• mjson.
• jjson.
• json-simple.
• json-io.
• JsonMarshaller.
• google-gson.
• Json-smart.
• FOSS Nova JSON.
• Corn CONVERTER.
• Apache johnzon.
• Genson.
• JSONUtil.
• cookjson.
• JavaScript:
• JSON.
• json2.js.
• clarinet.
• Oboe.js.
• LabVIEW:
• flatten.
• Lisp:
• Common Lisp JSON.
• Emacs Lisp.
• LiveCode:
• mergJSON.
• LotusScript:
• JSON LS.
• LPC:
• Grimoire: LPC JSON.
• Lua:
• JSON Modules.
• M:
• DataBallet.
• Matlab:
• JSONlab.
• 20565.
• 23393.
• Net.Data:
• netdata-json.
• Nim:
• Module json.
• Objective C:
• NSJSONSerialization.
• json-framework.
• JSONKit.
• yajl-objc.
• TouchJSON.
• OCaml:
• Yojson.
• jsonm.
• PascalScript:
• JsonParser.
• Perl:
• CPAN.
• perl-JSON-SL.
• Photoshop:
• JSON Photoshop Scripting.
• PHP:
• PHP 5.2.
• PicoLisp:
• picolisp-json.
• Pike:
• Public.Parser.JSON.
• Public.Parser.JSON2.
• PL/SQL:
• pljson.
• PowerShell:
• PowerShell.
• PureBasic:
• JSON.
• Puredata:
• PuRestJson.
• Python:
• The Python Standard Library.
• simplejson.
• pyson.
• Yajl-Py.
• ultrajson.
• metamagic.json.
• R:
• rjson.
• jsonlite.
• Racket:
• json-parsing.
• Rebol:
• json.r.
• RPG:
• JSON Utilities.
• Rust:
• Serde JSON.
• json-rust.
• Ruby:
• json.
• yajl-ruby.
• json-stream.
• yajl-ffi.
• Scheme:
• MZScheme.
• PLT Scheme.
• Squeak:
• Squeak.
• Symbian:
• s60-json-library.
• Tcl:
• JSON.
• Visual Basic:
• VB-JSON.
• PW.JSON.
• .NET-JSON-Transformer.
• Visual FoxPro:
• fwJSON.
• JSON.
• vfpjson.

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Introducing JSON

ECMA-404 The JSON Data Interchange Standard.

JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight

A value can be a string in double quotes, or a number, or true or false or null, or an

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