Upper and Lower Limb

!
!
!
!
UPPER!LIMB!!
MCQS!
!
ESH!
!
(C) The acromion is superior to the
glenoid cavity and projects
The Upper Limb anterolaterally.
(D) The scapula is fastened securely to

the thoracic cage at the scapulothoracic
Questions joint.
(E) The acromioclavicular joint

represents the true shoulder joint.
1. Which of the following is NOT true
regarding the clavicle?
(A) Its medial end is enlarged where it 4. Which of the following is NOT
included in the condyle of the
attaches to the sternum. humerus?
(B) Its lateral end is flat where it (A) radial, coronoid, and olecranon
articulates with the humerus. fossae
(C) The medial two-thirds of the shaft (B) epicondyles
are convex anteriorly.
(C) trochlea
(D) The clavicle transmits shock from
the upper limb to the axial skeleton. (D) capitulum
(E) The clavicle is a "long bone" that has (E) greater tubercle
no medullary cavity.

2. The trapezius attaches to which of in respect to the ulna and radius?
the following regions of the clavicle?
(A) The brachialis attaches to the
(A) lateral one-third of the clavicle tuberosity of the ulna.
(B) conoid tubercle (B) The ulnar styloid process is much

larger than the radial styloid process
(C) subclavian groove and extends farther distally.
(D) trapezoid line (C) The head of the ulna lies distally,
whereas the head of the radius
(E) quadrangular tubercle articulates with the humerus.
(D) The ulna is medial to the radius in

the anatomical position.
3. Which of the following is true in
respect to the scapula? (E) The bodies of these bones are firmly
bound together by the interosseous
(A) The spine of the scapula continues
membrane.
laterally as the coracoid process.
(B) The lateral surface of the scapula

forms the glenoid cavity.
pg.!2!
!
6. Which of the following is true (D) medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
regarding the carpus?
(E) lateral pectoral nerve
(A) The scaphoid articulates proximally
with the ulna and has a tubercle.
(B) The lunate articulates with the ulna 9. Which of the following is NOT a
and is broader anteriorly than branch of the radial nerve?
posteriorly.
(A) posterior cutaneous nerve of the
(C) The triquetrum articulates arm
proximally with the articular disc of the
distal radioulnar joint.
(D) The pisiform lies on the palmar (B) posterior cutaneous nerve of the
surface of the trapezium. forearm
(C) inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of

(E) It is composed of seven bones.
the arm
(D) superior lateral cutaneous nerve of

7. Which of the following describes the the arm
correct order of the distal row of
(E) posterior interosseous nerve
carpals from lateral to medial?
(A) triquetrum, trapezoid, capitate,

hamate 10. Which of the following is NOT an
anterior thoracoappendicular muscle?
(B) trapezoid, trapezium, capitate,
hamate (A) pectoralis major
(C) trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, (B) pectoralis minor
hamate
(C) deltoid
(D) trapezium, triquetrum, capitate,
hamate (D) subclavius
(E) scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, (E) serratus anterior

pisiform
11. Which of the following best

8. Which of the following is actually a describes the action of the pectoralis
lateral cutaneous branch of an minor?
intercostal nerve, innervating the
skin of the medial surface of the arm? (A) stabilizes scapula by drawing it
inferiorly and anteriorly against
(A) intercostobrachial nerve thoracic wall
(B) superior lateral cutaneous nerve of (B) anchors and depresses clavicle
the arm
(C) adducts and medially rotates
(C) inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of humerus
the arm
pg.!3!
!
(D) rotates scapula 15. Which of the following is
innervated by the dorsal scapular
(E) flexes humerus nerve?
(A) serratus anterior

12. Which of the following muscles (B) rhomboid major and minor
attaches to the coracoid process of the
scapula? (C) erector spinae
(A) pectoralis minor (D) subscapularis
(B) triceps brachii (E) supraspinatus
(C) brachialis
(D) pectoralis major 16. Which of the following is an

extrinsic shoulder muscle?
(E) subclavius
(A) deltoid
13. All of the following are medial
rotators of the arm EXCEPT (B) teres major
(A) latissimus dorsi (C) levator scapulae
(B) teres major (D) teres minor
(C) subscapularis (E) supraspinatus
(D) infraspinatus
(E) anterior part of deltoid 17. Which of the following is true in

respect to the trapezius?
(A) It is innervated by the dorsal

14. What muscles are necessary to scapular nerve.
raise the arm above the shoulder?
(B) Its superior fibers retract the
(A) first the supraspinatus, next the scapula.
deltoid, and then the serratus anterior
(C) Its middle fibers elevate the scapula.
(B) first the deltoid, next the
supraspinatus, and then the serratus (D) Its inferior fibers retract the
anterior scapula.
(C) first the supraspinatus, next the (E) Its superior and inferior fibers act
serratus anterior, and then the deltoid together in rotating the scapula on the
thoracic wall.
(D) first the serratus anterior, next the
deltoid, and then the supraspinatus
(E) first the deltoid, next the serratus 18. A patient is asked to place the
anterior, and then supraspinatus hands posteriorly on the hips and to
push the elbows posteriorly against
pg.!4!
!
resistance. Which muscle is being (D) axillary nerve
tested?
(E) lymph nodes
(A) levator scapulae
(B) rhomboid
22. Which of the following is most
(C) trapezius correct?
(D) latissimus dorsi (A) The subscapular artery arises from

the third part of the axillary artery and
(E) serratus anterior contributes to blood supply of muscles
near the scapula and humerus.
(B) The second part of the axillary

19. Which rotator cuff muscle does artery typically contains two branches —
NOT rotate the humerus? the thoracoacromial artery and the
superior thoracic artery.
(A) supraspinatus
(C) The first part of the axillary artery
(B) infraspinatus
lies posterior to the pectoralis minor.
(C) teres minor
(D) The thoracoacromial artery supplies
(D) subscapularis the pectoral muscles, axillary lymph
nodes, and most importantly the lateral
(E) teres major part of the mammary gland in women.
(E) The lateral thoracic artery divides

into four branches, the acromial, deltoid,
20. The axillary nerve innervates pectoral, and clavicular.
which of the following muscles?
(A) coracobrachialis
23. Which of the following is NOT
(B) teres minor correct?
(C) teres major (A) The brachial plexus is formed by the
union of the ventral rami of C5 through
(D) subscapularis Tl.
(E) levator scapulae (B) The roots of the brachial plexus and
the subclavian artery pass through the
gap between the anterior and middle
21. Which of the following is NOT scalene muscles.
contained in the axilla?
(C) Gray rami contribute sympathetic
(A) axillary blood vessels fibers to each root.
(B) lymph nodes (D) Each of the three trunks of the

brachial plexus divide into anterior and
(C) trunks and divisions of the brachial posterior divisions.
plexus
pg.!5!
!
(E) The cords of the brachial plexus (E) shoulder joint
surround the brachial artery.
27. Which of the following is NOT a

24. Which of the following is NOT branch of the posterior cord of the
supraclavicular branch of the brachial brachial plexus?
plexus?
(A) upper and lower subscapular nerves
(A) dorsal scapular nerve
(B) thoracodorsal nerve
(B) lateral pectoral nerve
(C) axillary nerve
(C) long thoracic nerve
(D) radial nerve
(D) nerve to the subclavius
(E) long thoracic nerve
(E) suprascapular nerve

25. Which of the following is true in respect to the brachialis?
regarding the quadrangular space?
(A) Its origin is the distal half of the
(A) It is bounded superiorly by the teres anterior surface of the humerus.
major.
(B) Its insertion is the coronoid process
(B) It is bounded inferiorly by the and tuberosity of the ulna.
subscapularis and teres minor.
(C) It flexes the forearm in all positions.
(C) It is bounded medially by the
humerus and laterally by the long head (D) It is primarily innervated by the
of the triceps. musculocutaneous nerve, but some of its
lateral part is innervated by a branch of
(D) It contains the posterior circumflex the radial nerve.
humeral artery and the axillary nerve. (E) It crosses two joints.
(E) Brachial plexus herniations occur

here.
29. A patient is asked to abduct the
arm 90 degrees and then to extend the
flexed forearm against resistance.
26. Which of the following is NOT Which muscle is being tested?
innervated by the suprascapular
nerve? (A) triceps brachii
(A) supraspinatus (B) brachialis
(B) infraspinatus (C) coracobrachialis
(C) glenohumeral joint (D) biceps brachii
(D) skin over superior part of scapula (E) supinator
pg.!6!
!
30. The deep artery of the arm 33. Which of the following nerves
accompanies which of the following supply NO branches to the arm?
before passing around the body of the
humerus? (A) musculocutaneous and median
(A) radial nerve (B) radial and ulnar
(B) musculocutaneous nerve (C) median and ulnar
(C) median nerve (D) median and radial
(D) ulnar nerve (E) musculocutaneous and radial
(E) axillary nerve

34. Which of the following nerves is
correctly paired with its cutaneous
31. Which muscle assists in extension branch?
of the forearm, resists abduction of the
ulna during pronation of the forearm, (A) median nerve and medial
and tenses the capsule of the elbow antebrachial cutaneous nerve
joint so that it is not pinched when the (B) musculocutaneous nerve and lateral
joint is extended? antebrachial cutaneous nerve
(A) anconeus (C) ulnar nerve and posterior
antebrachial cutaneous nerve
(B) triceps brachii
(D) median nerve and medial brachial
(C) coracobrachialis
cutaneous nerve
(D) brachialis
(E) radial nerve and superior lateral
(E) biceps brachii brachial cutaneous nerve
32. Which of the following is a branch 35. The cubital fossa does NOT contain
of the brachial artery? which of the following?
(A) anterior and posterior circumflex (A) terminal part of the brachial artery
humeral arteries
(B) deep accompanying veins of the
(B) deltoid artery arteries
(C) superior and inferior ulnar collateral (C) median nerve
arteries (D) biceps brachii tendon
(D) thoracoacromial artery (E) ulnar nerve
(E) anterior and posterior ulnar

recurrent arteries
pg.!7!
!
36. A patient is unable to flex the arm (B) flexor carpi radialis
and forearm. Where is the lesion likely
to be? (C) pronator quadratus
(A) ventral rami of C3-C4 (D) pronator teres
(B) ventral rami of C5-C6-C7 (E) the medial part of flexor digitorum
(C) dorsal rami of C6-C7-C8 profundus
(D) ventral rami of C8-T1
(E) dorsal rami of Tl 40. The radial artery lies just lateral to
the tendon of which muscle?
(A) pronator teres

37. The radial nerve innervates
muscles in the extensor compartment (B) flexor carpi radialis
of the forearm, but it also innervates (C) palmaris longus
the following flexor:
(D) flexor carpi ulnaris
(A) brachioradialis
(E) flexor digitorum superficialis
(B) pronator teres
(C) palmaris longus

41. The palmaris longus tendon is a
(D) pronator quadratus useful guide to which nerve at the
(E) palmaris longus wrist?
(A) anterior interosseous nerve
38. Which muscle does NOT cross the (B) posterior interosseous nerve
elbow joint? (C) median nerve
(A) flexor pollicis longus (D) ulnar nerve
(B) pronator teres (E) radial nerve
(C) flexor carpi radialis
(D) flexor carpi ulnaris 42. To pronate the forearm, which of

(E) flexor digitorum superficialis the following must occur?
(A) The pronator quadratus initiates

pronation, assisted later by the pronator
39. The ulnar nerve innervates which teres.
of the following muscles in the flexor
(B) The pronator teres initiates
compartment?
pronation, assisted later by the pronator
(A) the medial part of the flexor quadratus.
digitorum superficialis
pg.!8!
!
(C) The anconeus initiates pronation, (A) extensor carpi radialis brevis
assisted later by the pronator teres.
(B) extensor carpi ulnaris
(D) The pronator quadratus initiates
pronation, assisted later by the (C) abductor pollicis longus
anconeus.
(D) supinator
(E) The ulnar nerve must be used.
(E) extensor digiti minimi
43. The extensor carpi radialis longus

46. Which of the following is correctly
tendon is crossed by which two
paired with its nerve?
muscles?
(A) flexor pollicis longus and anterior
(A) abductor pollicis longus and
extensor pollicis longus interosseous nerve
(B) extensor indicis and extensor (B) flexor digitorum profundus and
digitorum anterior interosseous nerve
(C) extensor digitorum and extensor (C) extensor carpi radialis longus and
pollicis brevis posterior interosseous nerve
(D) abductor pollicis longus and (D) brachioradialis and posterior
extensor pollicis brevis interosseous nerve
(E) extensor indicis and extensor carpi (E) abductor pollicis longus and anterior
radialis brevis
interosseous nerve

respect to the supinator?
(A) It is innervated by the ulnar nerve. 47. Which of the following is true in
respect to the anatomical snuff box?
(B) It supinates the forearm by rotating
the ulna. (A) It is bounded anteriorly by the
tendons of the extensor pollicis longus.
(C) It forms the floor of the cubital fossa
along with the brachioradialis. (B) It is bounded posteriorly by the
tendons of the abductor pollicis longus
(D) It supinates the forearm when the and extensor pollicis brevis.
forearm is already flexed.
(C) The radial artery lies in the floor of
(E) It rotates the radius to turn the palm the snuff box.
anteriorly.
(D) The scaphoid and triquetrum can be
palpated within the snuff box.
45. Which of the following does NOT (E) The snuff box is visible when the
take an origin from the lateral thumb is fully flexed.
epicondyle of the humerus?
pg.!9!
!
(B) innervate the flexor carpi ulnaris
48. Which of the following does NOT (C) innervate the skin on the lateral part
abduct the hand at the wrist joint? of the palm and dorsum of the hand
(A) flexor carpi radialis (D) innervate the adductor pollicis
(B) extensor carpi radialis longus (E) innervate the dorsal and palmar
interossei
(C) extensor carpi radialis brevis
(D) abductor pollicis longus

52. The radial nerve does NOT do
(E) palmaris longus which of the following?
(A) give a superficial branch that

innervates the dorsum of the hand
49. Which of the following is derived
from the radial artery? (B) innervate the brachioradialis and
extensor carpi radialis longus
(A) dorsal and palmar carpal arteries
(C) give a deep branch that innervates
(B) common interosseous artery the extensor carpi radialis brevis and
supinator
(C) anterior interosseous artery
(D) give a posterior interosseous branch
(D) poster interosseous artery
that innervates all remaining extensor
(E) ulnar recurrent artery muscles in the posterior compartment of
the forearm
(E) innervate the glenohumeral joint

50. The median nerve does which of
the following?
(A) innervates the elbow joint with 53. Which of the following is NOT true
articular branches in respect to the flexor pollicis brevis?
(B) innervates the medial half of the (A) It is located medial to the abductor
flexor digitorum profundus pollicis brevis.
(C) innervates the hypothenar muscles (B) It flexes the thumb at the
carpometacarpal joint.
(D) innervates lumbricals 3 and 4
(C) It flexes the thumb at the
(E) innervates the skin of the dorsum of metacarpophalangeal joint.
the hand
(D) Its tendon typically contains a
sesamoid bone.
51. The ulnar nerve does NOT do (E) It is innervated by C5-C6.

which of the following?
(A) innervate the elbow joint with

articular branches
pg.!10!
!
54. Which of the following is true in (B) flexor digiti minimi brevis
respect to the palmaris brevis?
(C) lumbricals 1 and 2
(A) It aids the palmaris longus in
tightening the palmar aponeurosis. (D) dorsal interossei 3 and 4
(B) It is innervated by the median nerve. (E) palmar interossei 1 and 2
(C) It is in the hypothenar compartment.
(D) It covers and protects the radial 58. The carpal tunnel does NOT
artery. contain which of the following?
(E) It wrinkles the skin of the (A) median nerve

hypothenar eminence and deepens the
(B) four tendons of the flexor digitorum
hollow of the palm.
superficialis
55. The recurrent branch of the
median nerve does NOT innervate (C) four tendons of the flexor digitorum
which of the following? profundus
(A) abductor pollicis brevis (D) the tendon of the flexor pollicis
longus
(B) adductor pollicis
(E) ulnar nerve
(C) flexor pollicis brevis
(D) opponens pollicis

59. The sternoclavicular joint . . .
(E) The recurrent branch of the median
nerve innervates all of the above. (A) ... is a saddle-type synovial joint but
functions as a ball-and-socket joint.
(B) ... is supplied by lateral thoracic and

56. Which of the following muscles is thoracoacromial arteries.
correctly matched with the
accompanying description? (C) ... is innervated by the lateral and
medial
(A) lumbricals 1 and 2 . . . bipennate
pectoral nerves.
(B) lumbricals 3 and 4 . . . unipennate
(D) ... is the articulation of the clavicle
(C) dorsal interossei 1-4 . . . bipennate and gladiolus of the sternum.
(D) palmar interossei 1-3 . . . bipennate (E) ... dislocates easily.
(E) deltoid . . . bipennate

respect to the acromioclavicular joint?
57. The deep branch of the ulnar does
NOT innervate which of the following? (A) It is a saddle-type synovial joint.
(A) abductor digiti minimi
pg.!11!
!
(B) It is strengthened by the (D) It is innervated by the median and
coracohumeral and transverse humeral axillary nerves.
ligaments.
(E) It is surrounded by the
(C) It is supplied by the lateral thoracic intratendinous olecranon bursa, the
subtendinous olecranon bursa, and the
arteries. subcutaneous olecranon bursa.
(D) It is innervated by the nerve to the
subclavius.
64. Which of the following joints is
(E) When dislocated, it is often referred paired correctly with its type?
to as a "separated shoulder."
(A) proximal and distal radioulnar joints
61. Which of the following flexes the . . . condyloid type of synovial joint
arm at the glenohumeral joint?
(B) radiocarpal joint . . . pivot type of
(A) deltoid (posterior part) synovial joint
(B) pectoralis major (C) intercarpal joints . . . plane type of
synovial joints
(C) latissimus dorsi
(D) metacarpophalangeal joints . . .
(D) subscapularis
hinge type of synovial joints
(E) infraspinatus (E) interphalangeal joints . . . condyloid
62. In respect to movement of the arm type of synovial joints
at the glenohumeral joint, which of the
following movements is correctly
paired with its prime mover? 65. All carpometacarpal and
intermetacarpal joints are plane types
(A) extension . . . deltoid (posterior part) of synovial joints EXCEPT for
(B) abduction . . . pectoralis major and (A) the carpometacarpal joint of the
latissimus dorsi thumb.
(C) adduction . . . deltoid (B) the carpometacarpal joint of the fifth
(D) medial rotation . . . infraspinatus metacarpal.
(E) lateral rotation . . . subscapularis (C) the carpometacarpal joint of the
third metacarpal.
(D) the intermetacarpal joint of the 4th

and 5th metacarpals.
respect to the elbow joint?
(E) the intermetacarpal joint of the 1st
(A) It is a plane type of synovial joint.
and 2nd metacarpals.
(B) It is strengthened by the radial and
ulnar cruciate ligaments.
(C) It is supplied by the cephalic and
in respect to the clavicle?
basilic arteries.
pg.!12!
!
(A) The clavicle varies more in shape 69. "Winging" of the scapula is most
than most other long bones. likely caused by which of the
following?
(B) The clavicle can be pierced by a
branch of the supraclavicular nerve. (A) a lesion to the long thoracic nerve
(C) The clavicle is thicker and more (B) a lesion to the thoracodorsal nerve
curved in manual workers.
(C) injury to the suprascapular nerve
(D) The right clavicle is stronger than
the left and is usually shorter. (D) damage to the dorsal scapular nerve
(E) The clavicle is a compact bone. (E) damage to the upper and lower
subscapular nerves
67. Fractures of the scapula typically

involve 70. Which of the following is correct
regarding the triangle of auscultation?
(A) the acromion.
(A) Its borders are the latissimus dorsi,
(B) the coracoid process.
scapula, and trapezius.
(C) the spine.
(B) It is a good location to hear heart
(D) the inferior angle. murmurs.
(E) the suprascapular notch. (C) The 8th and 9th ribs and the 8th
intercostal space are subcutaneous here.
(D) It is a location of back trauma.

68. Which of the following parts of the
humerus is matched correctly with the (E) It is a location for dorsal rami to pass
nerve with which it is in direct to the superficial back.
contact?
(A) distal end of humerus . . . radial

nerve 71. A patient cannot raise the trunk
(as in climbing). What is most likely
(B) surgical neck . . . musculocutaneous the problem?
nerve
(C) radial groove . . . musculocutaneous

nerve (A) damage to the ventral rami of C5-C6-
C7
(D) medial epicondyle . . . ulnar nerve
(B) paralysis of the latissimus dorsi
(E) scapular notch . . . suprascapular
nerve (C) injury to the dorsal scapular nerve
(D) damage to the dorsal rami of C8-T1
(E) injury to the axillary nerve
pg.!13!
!
72. The scapula on one side of a patient (E) Acute tears are common in young
is located farther from the midline persons.
than that on the normal side. What
might be the problem?
(A) paralysis of the rhomboids on one 75. A patient has been thrown from a
side motorcycle, landing on the shoulder
such that the neck and shoulder are
(B) injury to the long thoracic nerve widely separated. You suspect an
upper brachial plexus injury. What
(C) a lesion of C7-C8 signs do you expect?
(D) dislocated shoulder (A) "clawhand"
(E) separated shoulder (B) paralysis of flexor carpi ulnaris,
flexor digitorum superficialis, and flexor
digitorum profundus
73. The axillary nerve is damaged.
(C) adducted shoulder, medially rotated
What is the likely result?
arm, and extended elbow
(A) The teres major atrophies. (D) loss of sensation in the medial
(B) The rounded contour of the shoulder forearm
disappears.
(E) "wrist-drop"
(C) A loss of sensation may occur in the
lateral forearm.
76. A patient exhibits "clawhand."
(D) The patient may lose the ability to What might have happened?
adduct the arm.
(A) upper brachial plexus injury
(E) The patient may exhibit "wrist-drop."
(B) acute brachial plexus neuritis
(C) compression of the cords of the

74. Which of the following is true brachial plexus
regarding rotator cuff injuries?
(D) lower brachial plexus injury
(A) Injury or disease may damage the
(E) damage to dorsal rami that send
rotator cuff, causing instability of the
fibers to the brachial plexus
acromioclavicular joint.
(B) The supraspinatus tendon is the

most commonly torn part of the rotator
cuff.
77. A patient receives a knife wound
(C) The teres major takes the longest to to the axilla. What problems do you
rehabilitate of the rotator cuff muscles. expect?
(D) The injuries occur when the muscles (A) damage to the axillary nerve
pull away from their origin on the
acromion.
pg.!14!
!
(B) paralysis of the coracobrachialis, 80. Which limb defect is correctly
biceps, and brachialis matched with its definition?
(C) inability to extend the wrist and (A) meromelia . . . complete absence of
digits at the metacarpophalangeal joints one or more extremities
(D) loss of sensation on the medial (B) phocomelia ... all segments of
surface of the arm extremities are present but abnormally
short
(E) "clawhand"
(C) micromelia . . . partial absence of one
or more extremities
78. A patient tries to make a fist, but (D) amelia . . . long bones are absent, and
digits 2 and 3 remain partially
extended. What nerve is injured? small hands or feet are attached to the
(A) ulnar nerve trunk by short, irregular bones
(B) radial nerve (E) cleft hand (lobster claw deformity) . .

. absent third metacarpal, fusion of digits
(C) median nerve 1-2 and 4-5
(D) musculocutaneous nerve
(E) axillary nerve 81. Syndactylyl involves
(A) extra fingers or toes.

79. Which of the following is true in (B) absence of a digit or limb.
respect to ulnar nerve injuries?
(C) abnormal fusion of fingers and toes.
(A) The injury often occurs where the
nerve passes posterior to the medial (D) small hands or feet being attached to
epicondyle of the humerus. trunk by short bones instead of long
bones.
(B) The patient experiences numbness
and tingling on the lateral part of the (E) congenital dislocation of
palm and the thumb. glenohumeral joint.
(C) The patient may exhibit "waiter's tip

hand."
82. Which of the following is NOT
(D) Patients have difficulty because they correct?
cannot flex their first, second, and third
digits at the DIP joints. (A) During development, dorsal cells
organize as the epimere and ventral
(E) Power of abduction is impaired, and cells organize as the hypomere.
when the patient attempts to flex the
wrist, the flexor carpi ulnaris brings the (B) Dorsal rami innervate muscles
hand to the medial side. derived from the epimere.
(C) Ventral rami innervate muscles

derived from the hypomere.
pg.!15!
!
(D) Myoblasts of the hypomere form the anterolaterally. The glenohumeral joint
extensor muscles of the vertebral itself represents the true shoulder joint,
column. whereas the scapulothoracic joint, which
is a conceptual joint, is a location where
(E) Somites and somitomeres form the the scapula moves easily on the thoracic
musculature of the limbs. wall. The spine of the scapula continues
laterally as the acromion (Moore, pp
668-669).
83. A patient in surgery has no 4.(E) The condyle of the humerus (the
pectoralis major. What do you distal end) includes the epicondyles,
suspect? trochlea, capitulum, and the three fossae
(radial, coronoid, and radial) (Moore, p
(A) trauma
670).
(B) dominant pectoralis minor
(C) drug-induced muscle hypoplasia

5.(B) The radial styloid process is much
(D) atrophy of the muscle larger than the ulnar styloid process and
extends farther distally (Moore, p 671-
(E) congenital absence of the muscle 672).
6. (C) The scaphoid articulates

proximally with the radius and has a
large tubercle. The lunate articulates
Answers and Explanations with the radius and is broader anteri-
orly than posteriorly. The triquetrum
articulates proximally with the articular
1. (B) The lateral end of the clavicle is disc of the distal radioulnar joint. The
flat where it articulates with the pisiform lies on the palmar surface of the
acromion at the acromioclavicular (AC) triquetrum (Moore, p 674). 14.
joint (Moore, pp 665-666).
7.(C) From lateral to medial, the four

2. (A) The trapezius attaches to the bones of the distal row of carpals are the
lateral third of the clavicle, acromion, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and
and spine of the scapula. The deltoid hamate (Moore, p 674).
attaches to the deltoid tubercle, the
conoid ligament attaches to the conoid
tubercle, the subclavius attaches to the 8.(A) The intercostobrachial nerve is the
subclavian groove, and the trapezoid lateral cutaneous branch of the second
ligament attaches to the trape-zoid line intercostal nerve from T2, innervating
(Moore, pp 666, 691). the skin of the medial surface of the arm
(Moore, p 684).
3. (B) The lateral surface of the scapula

forms the glenoid cavity, superior to 9.(D) The posterior cutaneous nerve of
which the coracoid process projects the arm, posterior cutaneous nerve of
pg.!16!
!
the forearm, and inferior lateral 15. (B) The dorsal scapular nerve
cutaneous nerve of the arm are innervates the levator scapulae,
branches of the radial nerve. The rhomboid major, and rhomboid minor
superior lateral cutaneous nerve is a (Moore, p 691).
branch of the axillary nerve (Moore, p
684).
16. (C) The trapezius, latissimus dorsi,
levator scapulae, and rhomboids are
10.(C) The pectoralis major, pectoralis extrinsic shoulder muscles. The deltoid,
minor, subclavius, and serratus teres major, supraspinatus,
anterior are anterior infraspinatus, teres minor, and
thoracoappendicular muscles. The subscapularis are intrinsic shoulder
deltoid is a scapulohumeral (shoulder) muscles (Moore, pp 691-692).
muscle (Moore, pp 688, 691).
17. (E) The trapezius, innervated by the

11.(A) The pectoralis minor stabilizes spinal root of the accessory nerve (XI),
the scapula by drawing it interiorly and is composed of three types of fibers. Its
anteriorly against the thoracic wall superior fibers elevate the scapula, its
(Moore, p 688). middle fibers retract the scapula, and its
inferior fibers depress the scapula. Its
superior and inferior fibers act together
in rotating the scapula on the thoracic
12.(A) The pectoralis minor, biceps wall (Moore, p 694).
brachii (short head), and
coracobrachialis attach to the coracoid
process of the scapula (Moore, p 688).
18. (B) To test the rhomboids, the
patient is asked to place the hands
posteriorly on the hips and to push the
13. (D) The latissimus dorsi, teres elbows posteriorly against resistance
major, and subscapularis medially (Moore, p 695).
rotate the arm. The infraspinatus and
teres minor rotate the arm laterally. The
deltoid is unique in that its anterior part
rotates the arm medially, and its 19. (A) The supraspinatus is the only
posterior part rotates the arm laterally rotator cuff muscle that does not rotate
(Moore, p 691). the humerus (Moore, pp 697-698).
14.(A) The supraspinatus initiates 20. (B) The axillary nerve innervates
abduction of the arm. The deltoid both the deltoid and the teres minor
becomes fully effective as an abductor (Moore, p 691).
following the initial 15 degrees of
abduction. The serratus anterior rotates
the scapula, elevating its glenoid cavity
so that the arm can be raised above the 21. (C) The axilla contains axillary blood
shoulder (Moore, pp 695, 696, 689). vessels, lymph nodes, the cords and
branches of the brachial plexus, and the
axillary nerve. The trunks and divisions
pg.!17!
!
are found superior to the axilla in the infraspinatus, and glenohumeral
neck (Moore, p 699). (shoulder) joint (Moore, p 710).
22. (A) The subscapular artery arises 27. (E) The posterior cord gives rise to
from the third part of the axillary artery the upper and lower subscapular nerves,
and contributes to blood supply of thoracodorsal nerve, axillary nerve, and
muscles near the scapula and humerus radial nerve. The long thoracic nerve
(Moore, p 701). originates from C5-C6-C7 (Moore, pp
711).
23. (E) The brachial plexus is formed by

the union of the ventral rami of C5 28. (E) The brachialis originates from
through Tl. The roots of the brachial the distal half of the anterior surface of
plexus and the subclavian artery pass the humerus and inserts on the coronoid
through the gap between the anterior process and tuberosity of the ulna. It
and middle scalene muscles. Gray rami crosses one joint, flexing the forearm in
contribute sympathetic fibers to each all positions. While it is primarily
root. The roots of the brachial plexus innervated by the musculocutaneous
form three trunks, each of which divides nerve, some of its lateral part is
into anterior and posterior divisions. innervated by a branch of the radial
The cords of the brachial plexus nerve (Moore, p 722).
surround the axillary artery (Moore, p
708).
29. (A) To test the triceps brachii, the
arm is abducted 90 degrees and then the
24. (B) The dorsal scapular nerve, long flexed forearm is extended against
thoracic nerve, nerve to the subclavius, resistance (Moore, p 724).
and suprascapular nerve are
supraclavicular branches of the brachial
plexus, whereas the lateral pectoral
nerve is an infraclavicular branch, 30. (A) The deep artery of the arm
accompanies the radial nerve through
originating from the lateral cord (Moore,
the radial groove and passes around the
pp 708-709).
body of the humerus (Moore, p 728).
25. (D) The quadrangular space is

31. (A) The anconeus assists in
bounded superiorly by the subscapularis
extension of the fore-
and teres minor, inferiorly by the teres
major, medially by the long head of arm, resists abduction of the ulna during
triceps, and laterally by the humerus. It pronation of the forearm, and tenses the
contains the axillary nerve and the capsule of the elbow joint so that it is not
posterior circumflex humeral artery pinched when the joint is extended
(Moore, p 711). (Moore, p 724).
26. (D) The suprascapular nerve

innervates the supraspinatus,
pg.!18!
!
32. (C) The axillary artery gives rise to arteries), deep accompanying veins, the
the superior thoracic, thoracoacromial, median nerve, and the biceps brachii
lateral thoracic, subscapular, and tendon. In the tissue superficial to the
anterior and posterior circumflex fossa are the median cubital vein and
humeral arteries. The brachial artery medial and lateral antebrachial
gives rise to the deep artery of the arm, cutaneous nerve. The deep and
the nutrient humeral artery, and the superficial branches of the radial nerve
superior and inferior collateral arteries. are within the floor of the fossa (Moore,
The ulnar artery gives rise to the pp 731-732).
anterior and posterior ulnar recurrent,
common interosseous, anterior and
posterior interosseous, and dorsal and
36. (B) A patient who is unable to flex
palmar carpal branch arteries (Moore,
the arm and forearm is likely to have a
pp 699, 727-728, 750).
lesion in the ventral rami of C5, C6, and
C7. The biceps brachii and brachialis
receive fibers from C5 and C6, and the
33. (C) The median and ulnar nerves
supply no branches to the arm (Moore, p coracobrachialis receives fibers from C5,
730). C6, and C7. C6 is the main source of
fibers for each (Moore, p 722).
34. (B) The median nerve gives rise to a

palmar cutaneous branch; the ulnar 37. (A) The brachioradialis is a flexor of
nerve as well has a palmar cutaneous the forearm, but it is located in the
branch. The radial nerve gives rise to extensor compartment and is
the posterior brachial cutaneous nerve, innervated by the radial nerve (Moore, p
the posterior antebrachial cutaneous 734).
nerve, the inferior lateral brachial
cutaneous nerve, and a superficial
branch that innervates the dorsum of 38. (A) The superficial muscles
the hand and the digits. The (pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis,
musculocutaneous nerve continues as palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris,
the lateral antebrachial cutaneous and flexor digitorum superficialis) cross
nerve. The axillary nerve gives rise to the elbow joint. The deep muscles (flexor
the superior lateral brachial cutaneous digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis
nerve. The medial cord of the brachial longus, and pronator quadratus) do not
plexus gives rise to the medial brachial (Moore, p 734).
cutaneous nerve and the medial
antebrachial cutaneous nerve. The
supraclavicular nerves (from C3-C4)
and the intercostobrachial nerve (from 39. (E) All muscles in the anterior
T2) also contribute to the cutaneous compartment of the forearm are
innervation of the arm (Moore, pp 684, innervated by the median nerve, except
758-759). for the flexor carpi ulnaris and the
medial part of the flexor digitorum
profundus, which are innervated by the
ulnar nerve (Moore, pp 736-737).
35. (E) The cubital fossa contains the
terminal part of the brachial artery (and
the beginning of the ulnar and radial
pg.!19!
!
40. (B) The radial artery lies lateral to 46. (A) The flexor pollicis longus is
the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis innervated by the anterior interosseous
(Moore, p 737). nerve from the median nerve (Moore, pp
736-737, 742-743).
41. (C) The palmaris longus tendon is a

guide for locating the median nerve at 47. (C) The snuff box is bounded
the wrist (Moore, anteriorly by the tendons of the
abductor pollicis longus and extensor
p 737). pollicis brevis. Posteriorly it is bounded
by the tendon of the extensor pollicis
longus. The radial artery can be felt in
42. (A) To pronate the forearm, the the floor, along with the radial styloid
pronator quadratus initiates pronation, process, first metacarpal, scaphoid, and
assisted later by the pronator teres trapezium (Moore, p 749).
(Moore, p 741).
48. (E) The hand is abducted at the wrist

43. (D) The extensor carpi radialis joint by the flexor carpi radialis,
longus tendon is crossed by the abductor abductor pollicis longus, extensor carpi
pollicis longus and extensor pollicis radialis longus, and extensor carpi
brevis (Moore, p 745). radialis brevis (Moore, pp 736, 742).
44. (E) The supinator, which forms the 49. (A) The radial artery gives rise to
floor of the cubital fossa along with the the radial recurrent artery as well as
brachioradialis, is innervated by the dorsal and palmar carpal branches. The
deep branch of the radial nerve. It ulnar artery gives rise to the common
supinates the forearm by rotating the interosseous artery, anterior and
radius. The biceps brachii also supinates
posterior interosseous arteries, anterior
the forearm when the forearm is already
and posterior ulnar recurrent arteries,
flexed (Moore, p 746).
and dorsal and palmar carpal branches
(Moore, p 750).
45. (C) The abductor pollicis longus

originates from the posterior surfaces of
50. (A) The median nerve assists in the
the ulna, radius, and interosseous
innervation of the elbow joint and gives
membrane. The following muscles take muscular branches to pronator teres,
at least one of their origins from the flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus,
lateral epicondyle of the humerus: and flexor digitorum superficialis. The
extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor median nerve also has an anterior
digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, interosseous branch that innervates the
extensor carpi ulnaris, and supinator
lateral part of the flexor digitorum
(Moore, p 742).
profundus, flexor pollicis longus, and
pronator quadratus. The recurrent
branch of the median nerve innervates
the thenar muscles, and the palmar
pg.!20!
!
cutaneous branch innervates the skin of
the lateral part of the palm (Moore, pp
757-759). 54. (E) The palmaris brevis, innervated
by the ulnar nerve, wrinkles the skin of
the hypothenar eminence and deepens
the hollow of the palm, assisting the
51. (C) The ulnar nerve gives rise to palmar grip. The muscle actually covers
articular branches that innervate the and protects the ulnar artery and the
elbow joint and muscular branches that ulnar nerve,which innervates it. The
innervate the flexor carpi ulnaris and muscle is not by definition in the
medial half of the flexor digitorum hypothenar compartment. The pal-
profundus. The palmar cutaneous maris longus, on the other hand, flexes
branch innervates the skin of the the hand at the wrist and tightens the
medial part of the palm, and the dorsal palmar aponeurosis (Moore, p 768).
cutaneous branch innervates the pos-
terior surface of the medial part of the
hand and digits. The deep branch
innervates the hypothenar muscles, 55. (B) The recurrent branch of the
adductor pollicis, interossei, and the 3rd median nerve innervates the abductor
and 4th lumbricals (Moore, pp 759- pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, and
760). opponens pollicis, but the deep branch of
the ulnar nerve innervates adductor
pollicis (Moore, pp 769-770).
52. (E) The radial nerve gives a

superficial branch that innervates skin
on the dorsum of the hand. The radial 56. (C) Lumbricals 1-2 and palmar
nerve itself innervates the brachiora- interossei 1-3 are unipennate muscles.
dialis and extensor carpi radialis longus. Lumbricals 3-4 and dorsal interossei 1-
It then gives a deep branch that 4 are bipennate muscles. The deltoid is
innervates the extensor carpi radialis multipennate (Moore, p 770).
brevis and the supinator before
continuing as the posterior interosseous
nerve, which innervates the extensor 57. (C) The deep branch of the ulnar
digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, nerve innervates the adductor pollicis,
extensor carpi ulnaris, abductor pollicis abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti
longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor minimi brevis, opponens digiti minimi,
pollicis longus, and extensor indicis lumbricals 3 and 4, dorsal interossei 1-4,
(Moore, pp 742, 761). and palmar interossei 1-3. The median
nerve innervates lumbricals 1 and 2
(Moore, p 770).
53. (E) The flexor pollicis brevis is
located medial to the abductor pollicis
brevis. It flexes the thumb at the 58. (E) The carpal tunnel contains the
carpometacarpal and metacarpophalan- median nerve, the four tendons of the
geal joints and assists in opposition. Its flexor digitorum superficialis, the four
tendon typically contains a sesamoid tendons of the flexor digitorum
bone. It is innervated by the recurrent profundus, and the tendon of the flexor
branch of the median nerve (C8-T1) pollicis longus (Moore, p 774).
(Moore, p 767).
pg.!21!
!
59. (A) The sternoclavicular joint, which and ulnar collateral ligaments. It is
does not dislocate easily, is a saddle-type supplied by arteries derived from the
synovial joint but functions as a ball-and- anastomosis around the elbow and is
socket joint. It is the articulation of the innervated by the musculocutaneous,
sternal end of the clavicle with the radial, and ulnar nerves. It is
manubrium of the sternum. The joint is surrounded by the intratendinous
supplied by the internal thoracic and olecranon bursa, the subtendinous olec-
suprascapular arteries and is innervated ranon bursa, and the subcutaneous
by branches of the medial olecranon bursa (Moore, pp 795-798).
supraclavicular nerve and the nerve to
the subclavius (Moore, pp 781-782).
64. (C) The proximal and distal
radioulnar joints are pivot-type synovial
60. (E) The acromioclavicular joint is a joints. The radiocarpal (wrist) joint is a
plane-type synovial joint and is condyloid type of synovial joint.
strengthened by the AC ligament and Intercarpal joints are plane- type
the coracoclavicular ligament, which is synovial joints. Metacarpophalangeal
composed of the conoid and trapezoid joints are condyloid types of synovial
ligaments. It is supplied by the joints. Interphalangeal joints are hinge-
suprascapular and thoracoacromial type synovial joints (Moore, pp 800,
arteries and is innervated by the 803, 807, 809).
supraclavicular, lateral pectoral, and
axillary nerves. When dislocated, it is
referred to as a "separated shoulder"
65. (A) All carpometacarpal and
(Moore, pp 784, 787).
intermetacarpal joints are the plane-
type synovial joints except for the
carpometacarpal joint of the thumb,
61. (B) The pectoralis major (clavicular which is a saddle joint (Moore, p 809).
head) and deltoid (anterior part) flex
the arm at the gleno-humeral joint. The 66. (E) The clavicle varies more in shape
coracobrachialis and the biceps brachii than most other long bones and is
assist (Moore, p 792). thicker and more curved in manual
workers. The right clavicle is stronger
than the left and is usually shorter. The
clavicle can also be pierced by a branch
62. (A) The posterior portion of the of the supraclavicular nerve. The
deltoid causes extension of the arm at clavicle is a long bone with no medullary
the glenohumeral joint. The deltoid (as a cavity. It consists of spongy (cancellous)
whole, but especially the central part) bone with a shell of compact bone
causes abduction, whereas the pec- (Moore, p 667).
toralis major and latissimus dorsi cause
adduction. The subscapularis causes
medial rotation, whereas the
infraspinatus causes lateral rota-tion 67. (A) Fractures of the scapula
(Moore, p 792). typically involve the protruding
subcutaneous acromion. The remainder
of the scapula is well protected by
muscles and the thoracic wall itself
63. (E) The elbow is a hinge type of (Moore, p 669).
synovial joint, strengthened by radial
pg.!22!
!
shoulder often disappears. A loss of
sensation may occur on the lateral side
68. (D) The surgical neck of the of the proximal part of the arm (Moore,
humerus is in direct contact with the pp 696-697).
axillary nerve, the radial nerve runs in
the radial groove, the distal end of the
humerus is in direct contact with the
median nerve, and the medial 74. (B) Injury or disease may damage
epicondyle is in contact with the ulnar the rotator cuff, causing instability of the
nerve (Moore, p 670). glenohumeral joint. The supraspinatus
tendon is the most commonly torn part
of the rotator cuff. Acute tears are
uncommon in young persons (Moore, pp
69. (A) Damage to the long thoracic 698-699).
nerve results in "winging" of the scapula
(Moore, p 689).
75. (C) In an upper brachial plexus

injury causing Erb-Duchenne palsy, one
70. (A) The triangle of auscultation, a would expect damage to C5-C6, resulting
good place to examine lung sounds, is in "waiter's tip position" (adducted
bounded by the superior horizontal shoulder, medially rotated arm, and
border of the latissimus dorsi, the medial extended elbow). This results from
border of the scapula, and the inferolat- paralysis of the deltoid, biceps,
eral border of the trapezius. The 6th and brachialis, and brachioradialis. The
7th ribs and the 6th intercostal space is lateral aspect of the upper limb also
subcutaneous experiences loss of sensation (Moore, p
716).
(Moore, p 693).
76. (D) Damage to the inferior trunks of

71. (B) With paralysis of the latissimus the brachial plexus (C8-T1) affects the
dorsi, the patient is unable to raise the short muscles of the hand, resulting in
trunk as necessary for climbing. The "clawhand." The patient might
cause could be injury to the
thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C7-C8) (Moore, have grabbed a tree limb to catch
p 693). himself while falling to cause this injury.
"Clawhand" may also be caused by an
injury to the ulnar nerve (Moore, pp
72. (A) Injury to the dorsal scapular 716-717, 761).
nerve (C4-C5) can paralyze the
rhomboids, causing the scapula on one
side to be located farther from the 77. (B) A knife wound to the axilla would
midline than that on the normal side damage the musculocutaneous nerve
(Moore, p 695). and result in paralysis of the
coracobrachialis, biceps, and brachialis.
Therefore, flexion of the elbow joint and
73. (B) The deltoid atrophies when the supination of the forearm would be
axillary nerve (C5-C6) is damaged. weakened. The patient would also lose
Therefore, the rounded contour of the
pg.!23!
!
sensation on the lateral surface of the 81. (C) Syndactyly involves abnormal
forearm (Moore, p 731). fusion of fingers and toes. Cleft hand
(lobster claw deformity) consists of an
abnormal cleft between the 2nd and 4th
metacarpal bones, with the 3rd
78. (C) When the median nerve is metacarpal and phalangeal bones being
injured, the patient often exhibits the absent and with digits 1-2 and 4-5 being
"hand of benediction." When the patient fused. Polydactyly involves extra fingers
tries to make a fist, digits 2 and 3 remain or toes, while ectrodactyly involves the
partially extended because flexion of the absence of a digit. Mutations in HOXA13
PIP joints is lost in digits 1-3 and
result in hand-foot-genital syndrome,
weakened in digits 4-5. Flexion of the
where carpals and short digits are fused
DIP joints is lost in digits 2-3 but
and the genitalia have altered structures
maintained in digits 4-5 (since the ulnar
(Sadler, p 181).
nerve controls the medial part of the
flexor digitorum profundus). Flexion of
the MCP joints of digits 2-3 will also be
affected due to a loss of the lumbricals 1 82. (D) During development, dorsal cells
and 2 (Moore, pp 757, 774, 776). organize as the epimere and ventral
cells organize as the hypomere. Dorsal
rami innervate muscles derived from
the epimere, whereas ventral rami
79. (A) The ulnar nerve is often injured innervate muscles derived from the
where it passes posterior to the medial hypomere. Myoblasts of the epimere
epicondyle of the humerus. The patient form the extensor muscles of the
experiences loss of sensation in the
vertebral column, and those of the
medial part of the palm as well as in the
hypomere give rise to muscles of the
medial 1V 2 digits. Most intrinsic hand
limbs and body wall. Somites and
muscles are paralyzed, and the patient
somitomeres form the musculature of
loses the ability to adduct the hand at the limbs (Sadler, pp 189-190).
the wrist. Patients cannot make a fist
since they are unable to flex the 4th and
5th digits at the DIP joints. The result-
ing deformity is known as "clawhand" 83. (E) Partial or complete absence of
(Moore, pp 761, 776-777). one or more muscles is rather common.
One of the best- known examples is total
or partial absence of the pectoralis major
(Poland anomaly). Similarly, the
80. (E) Amelia is the complete absence palmaris longus, serratus anterior, and
of one or more extremities while
quadratus femoris may be partially or
meromelia is the partial absence of one
entirely absent (Sadler, p 192).
or more extremities. All segments of
extremities are present but abnormally
short in micromelia. In phocomelia, long
bones are absent, and small hands or 84. biceps brachii
feet are attached to the trunk by short,
irregular bones. In cleft hand (lobster 85. cephalic vein
claw deformity), the third metacarpal is
absent and digits 1-2 and 4-5 are fused 86. radial nerve
(Sadler, pl79). 87. brachial artery
88. median nerve
pg.!24!
!
89. lateral cord
90. musculocutaneous nerve
91. medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve
92. ulnar nerve
93. lateral pectoral nerve
94. coracobrachialis
95. brachialis
96. ulna
97. long head of triceps brachii
98. lateral head of triceps brachii
! !
pg.!25!
!
!
2017!
LOWER!LIMB!!
MCQ!!
ESH!
pg.!26!
!
4. A deficiency in the smooth articular surface of
the acetabulum is known as which of the
The Lower Limb following?
1. All of the following statements concerning the (A) pecten pubis
femur are correct EXCEPT
(B) pubic crest
(A) It is the longest bone in the body.
(C) lunate surface
(B) It is the heaviest bone in the body.
(D) ala
(C) Its length is approximately a quarter of
(E) ramus
the person's height.
(D) The distal end of the femur undergoes

5. A fracture of which of the following bones is
ossification just before birth. among the most troublesome and problematic of
(E) Its average adult length is 36 inches. all fractures?
(A) tibia
2. The adductor tubercle is located on which of (B) fibula

the following bones? (C) patella
(A) femur (D) femoral neck
(B) tibia (E) medial malleolus
(C) fibula
(D) ischium 6. When it is said that an elderly person has a

(E) ilium "broken hip," the usual injury is a fracture of
which of the following structures?
(A) acetabulum
3. The margin of the acetabulum is deficient inte-
riorly at which of the following structures? (B) neck of the femur
(C) pelvic rami

(A) ischial tuberosity
(D) ischial tuberosity
(B) obturator foramen
(E) ilium
(C) linea aspera
(D) acetabular notch
(E) ischial spine 7. The medial and lateral malleoli articulate with
which of the following bones?
(A) femur
(B) calcaneus
(C) talus
pg.!27!
!
(D) cuboid (A) talus
(E) fibula (B) lateral cuneiform
(C) intermediate cuneiform
8. Which of the following bones is the most com- (D) medial cuneiform
mon site for a compound fracture?
(E) cuboid
(A) femur
(B) tibia
12. Which of the following statements applies to
(C) fibula the 2nd metatarsal bone?
(D) ilium (A) It is the shortest.
(E) ischium (B) It is the strongest.
(C) It is the longest.
9. Which of the following bones is the largest and (D) Its base has a large tuberosity.
strongest bone of the foot?
(E) Its base articulates with the navicular bone.
(A) talus
(B) calcaneus
13. The deep fascia of the thigh is known as
(C) cuboid which of the following?
(D) navicular (A) Scarpa's fascia
(E) lateral cuneiform (B) Colles' fascia
(C) crural fascia
10. The sustentaculum tali projects from the (D) fascia lata
superior surface of which of the following
bones? (E) plantar fascia
(A) intermediate cuneiform
(B) talus 14. Which of the following structures covers the

saphenous opening in the fascia lata?
(C) cuboid
(A) lateral intermuscular septum
(D) navicular
(B) medial intermuscular septum
(E) calcaneus
(C) crural fascia
(D) cribriform fascia
(E) iliotibial tract

11. Which of the following bones articulates with
the fibula, tibia, calcaneus, and navicular?
pg.!28!
!
15. Which of the following structures passes (D) It extends the hip.
through the saphenous opening?
(E) It is located in the anterior compartment of the
(A) femoral artery thigh.
(B) femoral vein
(C) femoral nerve 19. All of the following statements concerning

the quadriceps femoris are correct EXCEPT
(D) obturator nerve
(A) Collectively constitutes the largest and most
(E) great saphenous vein powerful muscle group in the body.
(B) It is the great extensor of the thigh.

16. The small saphenous vein empties into which (C) It inserts onto the tibia.
of the following veins?
(D) It forms the main bulk of the anterior thigh
(A) femoral muscles.
(B) tibial (E) The patella provides additional leverage for the
quadriceps.
(C) peroneal
(D) popliteal
20. Which of the following statements concerning
(E) great saphenous the components of the quadriceps femoris is
correct?
17. Which of the following statements correctly (A) The rectus femoris is considered the "kicking
muscle."
applies to the iliopsoas muscle?
(B) The vastus lateralis is the smallest component
(A) It is a flat quadrangular muscle.
of the quadriceps.
(B) It is the chief flexor of the thigh.
(C) The articularis genus is a derivative of the
(C) It is enclosed between two layers of fascia lata. vastus lateralis.
(D) It inserts into the iliotibial tract. (D) The rectus femoris lies deep to the vastus
intermedius.
(E) It is located in the posterior compartment of
the thigh. (E) The vastus intermedius is the chief flexor of
the thigh.
18. All of the following statements concerning

the sartorius muscle are correct EXCEPT
the gracilis muscle is correct?
(A) It is known as the "tailor's muscle."
(A) It passes through the lesser sciatic foramen.
(B) It is the longest muscle in the body.
(B) It crosses the knee joint.
(C) It acts across two joints.
pg.!29!
!
(C) It lies deep to the pectineus and adductor (C) It is bisected by the femoral artery and vein.
longus muscles.
(D) The saphenous nerve passes through the
(D) It is located in the anterior compartment of femoral triangle.
the thigh.
(E) Its medial border is the adductor magnus.
(E) It is a short, fan-shaped muscle.

22. All of the following statements concerning the femoral sheath are correct EXCEPT
the adductor magnus are correct EXCEPT
(A) It extends 3 to 4 cm inferior the inguinal
(A) It is the largest muscle in the adductor ligament.
group. (B) It is formed by an inferior prolongation of

transversalis and iliopsoas fascia.
(B) It is located in the posterior compartment of
the thigh. (C) It encloses the femoral nerve.
(C) It has adductor and hamstring parts. (D) Its medial wall is pierced by the great
saphenous vein and lymphatic vessels.
(D) It is a composite, triangular muscle with two
parts that differ in nerve supply. (E) It ends by becoming continuous with the
adventitia of the femoral vessels.
(E) Its main action is to adduct the thigh.

23. Which of the following statements correctly the femoral canal are correct EXCEPT
applies to the adductor hiatus?
(A) It contains the femoral nerve.
(A) It is an opening in the aponeurotic distal
attachment of the adductor longus. (B) It is the medial compartment of the femoral
sheath.
(B) It transmits the femoral nerve, artery and
vein. (C) It allows the femoral vein to expand when
venous return from the lower limb is increased.
(C) The opening is located just inferior to the
adductor tubercle of the femur. (D) It extends distally to the level of the proximal
edge of the saphenous opening.
(D) It extends from the adductor canal in the thigh
to the popliteal fossa. (E) It contains loose connective tissue, fat, a few
lymphatic vessels, and sometimes a deep inguinal
(E) The great saphenous vein passes through the lymph node (Cloquet's node).
adductor hiatus.

24. All of the following statements concerning the femoral ring are correct EXCEPT
the femoral triangle are correct EXCEPT
(A) The lacunar ligament forms its medial
(A) Its superior border is the inguinal ligament. boundary.
(B) Its lateral border is the sartorius.
pg.!30!
!
(B) The anterior boundary is formed by the (E) deep circumflex iliac
inguinal ligament.
(C) The femoral artery forms its lateral boundary.

(D) Its proximal end is closed by extraperitoneal the adductor canal are correct EXCEPT
fatty tissue that forms the femoral septum.
(A) It is approximately 15 cm long.
(E) It lies anterior to the pectineus muscle.
(B) It extends from the apex of the femoral
triangle to the adductor hiatus.
28. Which of the following statements concerning (C) It contains the saphenous nerve.
the femoral artery is correct?
(D) Is is bounded posteriorly by the sartorius
(A) It enters the femoral canal. muscle.
(B) It enters the adductor canal. (E) It contains the femoral artery and vein.
(C) It passes dorsal to the inguinal ligament.
(D) It gives rise to the inferior epigastric artery. 32. Which of the following statements concerning
the lesser sciatic foramen is correct?
(E) It passes through the obturator canal.
(A) It is the passageway for structures entering or
leaving the pelvis.
29. Which of the following statements concerning (B) It is the passageway for structures entering or
the deep artery of the thigh is correct? leaving the perineum.
(A) It is the largest branch of the femoral (C) All lower limb arteries and nerves leave the
pelvis through this foramen.
artery.
(D) The femoral nerve passes through the lesser
(B) It passes through the adductor canal. sciatic foramen.
(C) It gives rise to the deep circumflex iliac (E) The obturator nerve enters the adductor
branch. compartment via the lesser sciatic foramen.
(D) It exits the adductor canal through the
adductor hiatus.
33. All of the following structures pass through
(E) It passes through the obturator foramen.
the greater sciatic foramen EXCEPT
(A) piriformis muscle

30. Which of the following arteries supplies most
(B) sciatic nerve
of the blood to the head and neck of the femur?
(C) superior gluteal vessels
(A) medial circumflex femoral
(D) inferior gluteal vessels
(B) obturator
(E) pudendal nerve
(C) lateral circumflex femoral
(D) external pudendal
pg.!31!
!
34. All of the following statements concerning (C) abductors of the thigh
the gluteus maximus are correct EXCEPT
(D) hamstring muscles
(A) It is used very little during casual walking.
(E) piriformis muscle
(B) It assists in making the knee stable.
(C) It is used very little in climbing upstairs.

38. Which of the following muscles is part of the
(D) It is used in running. triceps coxae?
(E) It is used when rising from the sitting position. (A) obturator externus
(B) gemelli muscles
35. The ischial bursa separates the inferior part (C) piriformis
of which of the following muscles from the ischial
tuberosity? (D) gluteus medius
(A) gluteus maximus (E) quadratus femoris
(B) gluteus minimus
(C) gluteus medius 39. All of the following muscles are lateral rota-
tors of the thigh EXCEPT
(D) piriformis
(A) quadratus femoris
(E) obturator internus
(B) obturator internus
(C) obturator externus

the gluteus medius and minimus are correct (D) gluteus medius
EXCEPT (E) inferior gemellus
(A) They all have the same nerve supply.
(B) They have the same actions. 40. All of the following statements concerning
(C) They are supplied by the same blood vessels. the inferior clunial nerves are correct EXCEPT
(D) They abduct the thigh and rotate it laterally. (A) They are gluteal branches of the posterior
cutaneous nerve of the thigh.
(E) They are largely responsible for preventing
sagging of the unsupported side of the pelvis (B) These nerves curl around the inferior border of
during walking. the gluteus maximus.
(C) They are derivatives of the sacral plexus S1-

S3.
37. The positive Trendelenburg sign is associated
(D) They supply the inferior half of the buttock.
with injuries to which of the following?
(E) They are dorsal primary rami.
(A) quadriceps femoris
(B) adductor muscles
pg.!32!
!
41. All of the following nerves are ventral (C) It supplies the external genitalia.
primary rami EXCEPT
(D) It crosses the ischial tuberosity.
(A) posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
(E) It re-enters the pelvis through the lesser
(B) inferior gluteal sciatic foramen.
(C) pudendal
(D) sciatic 45. Which of the following muscles is located in

the posterior aspect of the thigh?
(E) superior cluneal
(A) semitendinosus
(B) gluteus maximus

thsciatic nerve are correct EXCEPT (C) piriformis
(A) It is the largest nerve in the body. (D) internal obturator
(B) It is really two nerves. (E) superior gemellus
(C) It supplies all leg and foot muscles.
(D) It receives its blood supply from the superior 46. All of the following statements concerning
gluteal nerve. the hamstring muscles are correct EXCEPT
(E) It passes inferolaterally under cover of the (A) They are extensors of the thigh.
gluteus maximus, midway between the greater
trochanter and the ischial tuberosity. (B) They are flexors of leg.
(C) A person with paralyzed hamstrings tends to

fall backwards.
43. The piriformis syndrome involves which of the
following nerves? (D) Most take origin from the ischial tuberosity.
(A) sciatic (E) Most are innervated by the tibial division of
the sciatic nerve.
(B) obturator
(C) femoral
47. The innervation for the short head of
(D) ilioinguinal thebiceps is provided by which of the following
nerves?
(E) inferior gluteal
(A) obturator
(B) femoral
the internal pudendal artery are correct EXCEPT (C) tibial division of the sciatic
(A) It does not supply any structures in the gluteal (D) fibular division of the sciatic
region.
(E) sartorius
(B) It passes to the perineum with the pudendal
nerve.
pg.!33!
!
48. A line drawn from the anterior superior iliac (A) femoral
spine to the ischial tuberosity (Nelaton's line),
passing over the lateral aspect of the hip, (B) common fibular
normally passes over which of the following (C) tibial
structures?
(D) obturator
(A) sciatic nerve
(E) posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
(B) ischial spine
(C) obturator canal

52. Which of the following muscles dorsiflexes
(D) pudendal nerve the ankle?
(E) greater trochanter
(A) extensor digitorum longus
(B) fibularis longus

49. All of the following statements concerning (C) soleus
the popliteal fossa are correct EXCEPT
(D) plantaris
(A) The biceps femoris forms the superolateral
border. (E) gastrocnemius
(B) The semimembranosus forms the superomedial
border.
53. Muscles that evert the foot include which of
(C) It contains both the tibial and common fibular the following muscles?
nerves.
(A) gastrocnemius
(D) The lateral and medial heads of the
gastrocnemius form the inferolateral and (B) soleus
inferomedial borders.
(C) tibialis posterior
(E) It contains the great saphenous vein.
(D) fibularis brevis
(E) flexor digitorum longus

50. The floor of the popliteal fossa includes
which of the following structures?
(A) oblique popliteal ligament 54. All of the following statements correctly
apply to the inferior extensor retinaculum
(B) patella EXCEPT
(C) lateral meniscus (A) It passes from the fibula to the tibia proximal
to the malleoli.
(D) anterior cruciate ligament
(B) It is a Y-shaped band of deep fascia.
(E) posterior cruciate ligament
(C) It attaches laterally to the anterosuperior
surface of the calcaneus.
51. The lateral sural nerve is a branch of which (D) It forms a strong loop around the tendons of
of the following nerves? the fibularis tertius.
pg.!34!
!
(E) It forms a strong loop around the tendons of (B) soleus
the extensor digitorum longus.
(C) tibialis anterior
(D) flexor hallucis longus

55. Which of the following muscles is the
strongest dorsiflexor and invertor of the foot? (E) plantaris
(A) extensor digitorum longus
(B) tibialis anterior 59. Which of the following muscles contract to

assist the posterior cruciate ligament in pre-
(C) fibularis tertius venting anterior displacement of the femur on
the tibia?
(D) extensor hallucis longus
(A) plantaris
(E) flexor hallucis longus
(B) popliteus
(C) soleus
56. All of the following muscles are located in the
deep muscle group of the posterior compartment (D) gastrocnemius
EXCEPT
(E) tibialis posterior
(A) flexor digitorum longus
(B) popliteus
60. Which of following muscles is included in the
(C) plantaris triceps surae?
(D) flexor hallucis longus (A) gastrocnemius
(E) tibialis posterior (B) tibialis anterior
(C) tibialis posterior
57. Which of the following muscles is a flexor of (D) popliteus

the knee joint?
(E) fibularis brevis
(A) popliteus
(B) tibialis anterior

61. The lateral compartment of the foot contains
(C) fibularis longus which of the following muscles?
(D) extensor digitorum longus (A) abductor digiti minimi brevis
(E) extensor hallucis longus (B) flexor hallucis brevis
(C) quadratus plantae
58. Which of the following muscles is the (D) flexor hallucis longus
powerful "push-off" muscle?
(E) abductor hallucis
(A) gastrocnemius
pg.!35!
!
62. The central compartment of the foot contains (B) ischiofemoral
all of the following muscles EXCEPT
(C) pubofemoral
(A) flexor digitorum brevis
(D) ligament of head of femur
(B) flexor digitorum longus
(E) transverse acetabular
(C) quadratus plantae
(D) abductor hallucis

66. A synovial protrusion beyond the free margin
(E) lumbricals of the fibrous capsule onto the posterior aspect of
the femoral neck forms a bursa for which of these
muscle tendons?
63. The medial plantar nerve is a terminal branch (A) piriformis
of which of the following nerves?
(B) obturator internus
(A) femoral
(C) obturator externus
(B) tibial
(D) superior gemellus
(C) fibular
(E) quadratus femoris
(D) obturator
(E) sural

the ligament of the head of the femur are correct
EXCEPT
the saphenous nerve are correct EXCEPT (A) It is a weak ligament.
(A) It is the largest cutaneous branch of the (B) It is of little importance in strengthening the
femoral nerve. hip.
(B) It passes anterior to the medial malleolus to (C) It contains a small nerve.
the dorsum of the foot.
(D) Usually it contains a small artery.
(C) It supplies skin along the medial side of the
foot. (E) Its wide end attaches to the margins of the
acetabular notch and the transverse ligament.
(D) It supplies skin on the anterior and medial side
of the leg.
(E) It innervates the muscles of the foot in the 68. Which of the following arteries provides the
medial compartment of the foot. main blood supply for the hip joint?
(A) obturator
65. Which of the following ligaments prevents (B) medial circumflex
hyperextension of the hip joint during standing?
(C) lateral circumflex
(A) iliofemoral
pg.!36!
!
(D) common iliac 72. Which of the following statements concerning
the tibial collateral ligament is correct?
(E) internal iliac
(A) It is attached to the lateral meniscus.
(B) It is stronger than the fibular collateral

69. Which of the following muscles is the most ligament.
important muscle in stabilizing the knee?
(C) It is less frequently damaged than the fibular
(A) biceps femoris collateral ligament.
(B) adductor magnus (D) The tibial collateral ligament and medial
meniscus are commonly torn during contact sports
(C) obturator internus such as football.
(D) quadriceps femoris (E) It is an expansion of the tendon of the
(E) piriformis adductor magnus.
70. Which of the following muscles passes out of 73. The oblique popliteal ligament is an
the knee joint to reach the tibia? expansion of the tendon of which of the following
muscles?
(A) plantaris
(A) popliteus
(B) popliteus
(B) plantaris
(C) sartorius
(C) adductor magnus
(D) gracilis
(D) semimembranosus
(E) tibialis anterior
(E) gastrocnemius

the fibular collateral ligament are correct 74. All of the following ligaments of the knee are
EXCEPT intra-articular EXCEPT
(A) It splits the tendon of the biceps femoris. (A) anterior cruciate
(B) It is superficial to the tendon of the popliteus. (B) lateral meniscus
(C) It is connected to the lateral meniscus. (C) patellar
(D) It is rounded and cordlike. (D) posterior cruciate
(E) It extends from the lateral epicondyle of the (E) medial meniscus
femur to the head of the fibula.
pg.!37!
!
the anterior cruciate ligament is correct?
78. Which of the following genicular branches
(A) It is the stronger of the two cruciate supplies the cruciate ligaments?
ligaments.
(A) femoral
(B) It has a relatively poor blood supply.
(B) popliteal
(C) It is the main stabilizing factor for the femur
when one is walking downhill. (C) anterior recurrent branches of the anterior
tibial recurrent
(D) It tightens during flexion of the knee joint,
preventing anterior displacement of the tibia on (D) circumflex fibular
the femur.
(E) posterior recurrent branches of the anterior
(E) It attaches to the anterior part of the lateral tibial recurrent
surface of the medial condyle of the femur.
79. Which of the following three ligaments are

76. All of the following statements concerning damaged in the "unhappy triad" of knee injuries?
the menisci of the knee joint are correct EXCEPT
(A) ACL, tibial collateral, and medial meniscus
(A) They are thicker at their external margins.
(B) PCL, fibular collateral, and lateral meniscus
(B) They taper to thin, unattached edges in the
interior of the joint. (C) ACL, fibular collateral, and medial meniscus
(C) They are wedge-shaped in transverse section. (D) PCL, tibial collateral, and lateral meniscus
(D) Their external margins attach to the fibrous (E) ACL, tibial collateral, and lateral meniscus
capsule of the knee joint.
(E) The transverse ligament of the knee joins the

80. Pain on lateral rotation of the tibia on the
posterior edges of the menisci.
femur indicates damage to which of the following
structures?
77. Which of the following statements correctly (A) anterior cruciate ligament
applies to the lateral meniscus?
(B) posterior cruciate ligament
(A) It is larger and less movable than the medial
(C) lateral meniscus
meniscus.
(D) medial meniscus
(B) It is in contact with the fibular collateral
ligament. (E) posterior meniscofemoral ligament
(C) It is attached to the posterior cruciate ligament
by the posterior meniscofemoral ligament.
81. All of the following ligaments reinforce the
(D) It adheres to the deep surface of the tibial fibrous capsule on the medial side of the ankle
collateral ligament. EXCEPT
(E) It acts like a shock absorber.
(A) tibiocalcaneal
pg.!38!
!
(B) posterior tibiotalar (D) The tibialis anterior helps strengthen this
arch.
(C) anterior tibiotalar
(E) The fibularis longus tendon also supports this
(D) tibionavicular arch.
(E) calcaneofibular
85. Which of the following conditions is

associated with lateral deviation of the great toe?
82. Which of the following groups of muscles
produce dorsiflexion of the ankle? (A) hallux valgus
(A) anterior compartment of the leg (B) hammer toe
(B) posterior compartment of the leg (C) claw toe
(C) medial compartment of the foot (D) pes planus
(D) lateral compartment of the leg (E) clubfoot
(E) lateral compartment of the foot

the transverse tarsal joint are correct EXCEPT
the plantar calcaneonavicular ligament are (A) It occurs where the talus rests on and
correct EXCEPT articulates with the calcaneus.
(A) It extends from the sustentaculum tali to the
navicular.
(B) It is formed by the combined talonavicular part
(B) It is also known as the spring ligament. of the talocalcaneonavicular and calcaneocuboid
joints.
(C) It lies deep to the plantar aponeurosis.
(C) Transection across this joint is a standard
(D) It plays an important role in maintaining the method for surgical amputation of the foot.
longitudinal arch of the foot.
(D) It is two separate joints aligned transversely.
(E) It forms a tunnel for the tendon of the fibularis
longus. (E) Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of the foot are
the main movements involving this joint.

the medial longitudinal arch of the foot are 87. Which of the of the following areas is
correct EXCEPT involved in tibial nerve entrapment?
(A) It is higher and more important than the (A) medial malleolus to the calcaneus
lateral longitudinal arch.
(B) lateral malleolus to the navicular bone
(B) It is composed of the calcaneus, talus,
navicular, cuneiforms, and three metatarsals. (C) medial malleolus to the calcaneal tendon
(C) The calcaneus is the keystone of this arch. (D) lateral malleolus to the fibularis brevis
pg.!39!
!
(E) long plantar ligament to the tendon of the (B) The tibia is diverted laterally.
fibularis longus
(C) The medial side of the knee takes all the
pressure.
88. Which of the following major joints is the (D) This deformity causes wear and tear of the
most frequently injured? medial meniscus.
(A) shoulder (E) This deformity does not influence weight

distribution.
(B) elbow
(C) hip
92. Which of the following knee support
(D) knee structures is considered to be the most important
in the stabilization of the joint?
(E) ankle
(A) lateral and medial menisci
(B) anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments

89. Which of the following statements correctly
applies in Pott's fracture-dislocation? (C) medial and lateral collateral ligaments
(A) The foot is forcibly dorsiflexed. (D) fibrous capsule
(B) The foot is forcibly plantar flexed. (E) quadriceps femoris
(C) The foot is forcibly inverted.
(D) The foot is forcibly everted. 93. Which of the following fractures is the most
troublesome and problematic?
(E) The calcaneus is usually fractured.
(A) medial malleolus of tibia
(B) lateral malleolus of fibula

90. The grip of the malleoli on the trochlea is
strongest during which of the following (C) sustentaculum of calcaneus
movements of the ankle?
(D) femoral neck
(A) plantarflexion
(E) adductor tubercle
(B) dorsiflexion
(C) eversion
94. Which of the following muscles is the
(D) inversion strongest flexor of the hip joint?
(E) lateral rotation (A) semitendinosus
(B) iliopsoas
91. Which of the following statements correctly (C) gluteus medius
applies to genu valgum?
(D) gracilis
(A) The tibia is diverted medially.
(E) pectineus
pg.!40!
!
(C) plantaris
95. All of the following muscles are lateral (D) flexor digitorum brevis
rotators of the hip joint EXCEPT
(E) tendons of the flexor digitorum longus
(A) obturator externus
(B) superior gemellus

99. Shin splints usually involve muscles in which
(C) piriformis of the following compartments?
(D) gluteus minimus (A) anterior
(E) quadratus femoris (B) lateral
(C) posterior
96. Which of the following arteries is usually (D) medial plantar

evaluated during a physical examination of the
peripheral vascular system? (E) lateral plantar
(A) lateral plantar
(B) dorsalis pedis
(C) popliteal 100. The strongest dorsiflexor of the foot is

which
(D) fibular
of the following muscles?
(E) posterior tibial
(A) fibularis tertius
(B) extensor digitorum longus

97. The tendon of the biceps femoris and the
neck of the fibula may be used as a guide for (C) tibialis anterior
locating which of the following nerves?
(D) gastrocnemius
(A) saphenous
(E) extensor hallucis brevis
(B) sural
(C) common fibular
(D) medial plantar

Answers and Explanations
(E) tibial
1. (E) The femur is the longest and heaviest bone

98. Which of the following muscle tendons is in the body. In the average adult, its length is
commonly removed for grafting without causing approximately one-quarter of the person's height
disability? (108 cm or 18 in.). The distal end of the femur
undergoes ossification just before birth (Moore, p
(A) extensor hallucis brevis 509).
(B) fibularis tertius
pg.!41!
!
2. (A) The medial surface of the medial condyle has
a large and prominent medial epicondyle, superior
to which is another elevation, the adductor 9.(B) The calcaneus is the largest and strongest
tubercle (Moore, p 509). bone in the foot. The calcaneus transmits most of
the body weight from the talus to the ground
(Moore, p 515).
3. (D) The margin of the acetabulum is deficient

interiorly at the acetabular notch, which makes
the fossa resemble a cup with a piece of its lip 10.(E) The shelf-like sustentaculum tali projects
missing (Moore, p 508). from the superior border of the medial surface of
the calcaneus and supports the talar head (Moore,
p 515).
4. (C) The acetabular notch and fossa comprise a

deficiency in the smooth articular lunate surface
of the acetabulum, which actually articulates with 11.(A) The talus articulates with the fibula, cal-
the head of the femur (Moore, p 508). caneus, navicular, and tibia (Moore, p 515).
5. (D) A fracture of the femoral neck is among the 12.(C) The 1st metatarsal is shorter and stouter
most troublesome and problematic of all fractures than the others. The 2nd metatarsal is the longest.
because of the instability of the fracture site. The bases of the metatarsals articulate with the
Furthermore, the periosteum covering the femoral cuneiform and cuboid bones. The base of the 5th
neck is exceedingly thin and has extremely limited metatarsal has a large tuberosity (Moore, p 515).
powers of osteogenesis (bone formation). Because
the retinacular arteries arise from the medial
circumflex femoral arteries and run parallel to the 13.(D) The deep fascia of the thigh is called fascia
femoral neck on their way to supply the femoral lata and the deep fascia of the leg is called crural
head, they are vulnerable to injury when the neck fascia. Scarpa's fascia is the membranous fascia of
of the femur fractures. Rupture of these vessels the lower abdominal wall and Colles' fascia is
cause degeneration (necrosis) of the femoral head located in the perineum (Moore, p 522).
and bleeding into the hip joint (Moore, p 511).
14. (C) The saphenous opening in the fascia lata is

6.(B) Elderly people fracture the neck of the femur a deficiency in the deep fascia lata inferior to the
and refer to the injury as a "broken hip" (Moore, p medial part of the inguinal ligament, approximately
511). 4 cm inferolateral to the pubic tubercle. The medial
margin of the saphenous opening is smooth, but its
superior, lateral, and inferior margins form a
7.(C) The lateral surface of the medial malleolus sharp crescentic edge, the falciform margin. The
articulates with the talus, and the lateral malleolus sickle-shaped margin of the saphenous opening is
helps hold the talus in its socket (Moore, p 513). joined at its medial margin by fibrofatty tissue —
the cribriform fascia (Moore, p 524).
8.(B) The body of the tibia is the most common site

for a compound fracture — one in which the skin is 15. (E) The great saphenous vein passes through
perforated and blood vessels are torn (Moore, p the saphenous opening and cribriform fascia to
513). enter the femoral vein. Some efferent lymphatic
vessels from the superficial inguinal lymph nodes
pg.!42!
!
also pass through the saphenous opening and 21. (B) The long, strap-like muscle lies along the
cribriform fascia to enter the deep inguinal lymph medial side of the thigh and knee. It is the only
nodes (Moore, p 524). muscle of the adductor group that crosses the
knee. It is the most superficial of the adduc-
tor group and is the weakest member (Moore, p

16. (D) The small saphenous vein ascends poste- 538).
rior to the lateral malleolus and passes along the
lateral border of the calcaneal tendon. It then
ascends between the heads of the gastrocnemius
muscle and empties into the popliteal vein in the 22. (B) The adductor magnus is the largest mus-
popliteal fossa (Moore, p 526). cle in the adductor group. It is located in the
medial compartment of the thigh. This large
adductor is a composite, triangular muscle that
has adductor and hamstring parts. The two parts
17. (B) The iliopsoas is the chief flexor of the differ in their attachments, nerve supply, and main
thigh, and when the thigh is fixed, it flexes the actions (Moore, p 538).
trunk on the hip. Its broad lateral part, the iliacus,
and its long medial part, the psoas major, arise
from the iliac fossa and lumbar vertebrae,
respectively. It is an anterior thigh muscle (Moore, 23. (D) The adductor hiatus is an opening in the
p 531). aponeurotic distal attachment of the adductor
magnus. It transmits the femoral artery and vein
from the adductor canal in the thigh to the
popliteal fossa posterior to the knee. The opening
18. (D) The sartorius is known as the "tailor's is just superior to the adductor tubercle of the
muscle." It is the longest muscle in the body and femur (Moore, p 541).
acts across two joints. It flexes the hip joint and
participates in flexion of the knee. It is located in
the anterior compartment of the thigh (Moore,
p531). 24. (E) The femoral triangle is bounded superiorly
by the inguinal ligament, medially by the adductor
longus, and laterally by the sartorius. The femoral
triangle is bisected by the femoral artery and vein,
19. (B) The quadriceps femoris forms the main which leave and enter the adductor canal at its
bulk of the anterior thigh muscles and collectively apex. The saphenous nerve descends through the
constitutes the largest and one of the most femoral triangle (Moore, p 541).
powerful muscles in the body. The quadriceps is
the great extensor of the leg, and all four of its
parts combine to from a tendinous attachment to
the tibia. The patella also provides additional 25. (C) The femoral sheath extends 3 to 4 cm
leverage for the quadriceps (Moore, pp 532-534). inferior to the inguinal ligament and encloses
proximal parts of the femoral vessel and the
femoral canal. The sheath is formed by an inferior
prolongation of transversalis and iliopsoas fascia.
20. (A) The rectus femoris is considered to be the The femoral sheath does not enclose the femoral
"kicking muscle." The vastus lateralis is the largest nerve. The sheath ends by becoming continuous
component of the quadriceps. The vastus with the adventitia of the femoral vessels (Moore,
intermedius lies deep to the rectus femoris, and p 542).
the articular muscle is considered to be a
derivative of the vastus intermedius (Moore, p
534).
26. (A) The medial compartment of the femoral
sheath is the femoral canal. It extends distally to
pg.!43!
!
the level of the proximal edge of the saphenous passage through which the femoral vessels pass to
opening. It allows the femoral vein to expand reach the popliteal fossa. The contents of the
adductor canal include the femoral vessels,
when venous return from the lower limb is in- saphenous nerve, and nerve to the vastus medialis
creased. It contains loose connective tissue, fat, a (Moore, p 549).
few lymphatic vessels, and sometimes a deep
inguinal lymph node (Cloquet's node) (Moore, pp
542-543).
32. (B) The greater sciatic foramen is the passage-
way for structures entering or leaving the pelvis,
whereas the lesser sciatic foramen is the
27. (C) The femoral ring is closed at the proximal passageway for structures entering or leaving the
end by extraperitoneal fatty tissue, which forms perineum. The greater sciatic foramen is the
the femoral septum. The boundaries of the femoral opening for all lower limb arteries and nerves
ring include the partition between the femoral leaving the pelvis and entering the gluteal region
canal and the femoral vein laterally. Posteriorly, (Moore, p 550).
the superior ramus of the pubis is covered by the
pectineus muscle. Its medial boundary is the
lacunar ligament; anteriorly, the boundary is the
medial part of the inguinal ligament (Moore, 33. (E) The greater sciatic foramen is the passage-
pp543-545). way for the sciatic nerve, piriformis muscle, and
gluteal vessels. The pudendal nerve enters the
perineum through the lesser sciatic foramen
(Moore, p 553).
28. (B) The femoral artery is the chief artery of
the lower limb and is the continuation of the
external iliac artery. It bisects the femoral triangle
at its apex and enters the adductor canal deep to 34. (C) The gluteus maximus is used when rising
the sartorius muscle (Moore, p 545). from the sitting position or straightening from the
bending position. It is used in climbing steps and
running. It also assists in making the knee stable.
It is used very little during casual walking and
29. (A) The deep artery of the thigh is the largest when one is standing motionless (Moore, p 552).
branch of the femoral artery and the chief artery
of the thigh. It arises in the femoral triangle from
the lateral side of the femoral artery (Moore, p
545). 35. (A) The ischial bursa separates the inferior
part of the gluteus maximus from the ischial
tuberosity, which is often absent (Moore, p 552).
30. (A) The medial circumflex femoral artery is

especially important because it supplies most of
the blood to the head and neck of the femur 36. (D) The gluteus medius and minimus have the
(Moore, p 545). same actions and nerve supply and are supplied
by the superior gluteal arteries. Both muscles
abduct the thigh and rotate it medially. They play
an essential role during locomotion and are largely
31. (D) The adductor canal (Hunter's canal) is responsible for preventing sagging of the
approximately 15 cm long and is a narrow fascial unsupported side of the pelvis during walking
tunnel in the thigh running from the apex of the (Moore, p 554).
femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus in the
tendon of the adductor magnus. Located deep or 37. (C) When the weight is on both feet, the pelvis
posterior to the middle third of the sartorius, the is evenly supported and does not sag. When the
adductor canal provides an intermuscular weight is borne by one foot, the muscles on the
pg.!44!
!
same side hold the pelvis so the pelvis will not sag
on the side of the raised foot. When the gluteus
medius and minimus (abductors of the thigh) are 43. (A) A pain in the buttock may result from com-
inactive owing to injury of the superior gluteal pression of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis
nerve, the supporting and steadying action of muscle (piriformis syndrome) (Moore, p 559).
these muscles is lost and the pelvis falls on the
side of the raised limb. This is referred to as a
positive Trendelenburg sign (Moore, p 555). 44. (D) The internal pudendal artery leaves the
gluteal region immediately by crossing the ischial
spine and re-entering the pelvis through the lesser
38. (B) The obturator internus and the superior sciatic foramen. The artery passes to the perineum
and inferior gemelli form a tricipital (three- with the pudendal nerve and supplies the external
headed) muscle that is sometimes called the genitalia and muscles in the pelvic region. It does
triceps coxae (Moore, p 550). not supply any structures in the gluteal region
(Moore, p 562).
39. (D) The gluteus maximus, piriformis, obturator

internus and externus, and superior and inferior 45. (A) The three muscles in the posterior aspect
gemelli are all lateral rotators of the thigh. Both of the thigh are the hamstrings, which include the
the gluteus medius and the gluteus minimus are semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and biceps
medial rotators of the thigh (Moore, p 551). femoris (Moore, p 563).
40. (E) The inferior clunial nerves are gluteal 46. (C) The hamstring muscles arise from the
branches of the posterior cutaneous nerve of the ischial tuberosity and are innervated by the tibial
thigh, a derivative of the sacral plexus (ventral division of the sciatic nerve. The short head of the
rami SI through S3). These nerves curl around the biceps does not meet these criteria. The
inferior border of the gluteus maximus and hamstrings are extensors of the thigh and flexors
supply the inferior half of the buttock (Moore, of the leg. A person with paralyzed hamstrings
p556). tends to fall forward because the gluteus maximus
muscles cannot maintain the necessary muscle
tone to stand straight (Moore, p 563).
41. (E) The superior cluneal nerves are dorsal

rami of L1-L3 and the middle cluneal nerves are
dorsal rami of S1-S3. The sciatic, pudendal, 47. (D) The long head of the biceps femoris is
posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh, and the innervated by the tibial division of the sciatic
gluteal nerves are all ventral primary rami (Moore, nerve and the short head of the biceps is inner-
p 557). vated by the fibular division of the sciatic nerve
(Moore, p 563).
42. (D) The sciatic nerve is the largest nerve inthe

body. It is so large that it receives its own blood 48. (E) A line drawn from the anterior superior
supply from the inferior gluteal artery. It runs iliac spine to the ischial tuberosity (Nelaton's line),
passing over the lateral aspect of the hip region,
inferolaterally under cover of the gluteus max- normally passes over or near the top of the greater
imus, midway between the greater trochanter and trochanter (Moore, p 567).
the ischial tuberosity. The sciatic nerve is really
two nerves, the tibial and common fibular (Moore, 49. (E) The biceps femoris forms the superolateral
p 558). border and the semimembranosus muscle forms
pg.!45!
!
the superomedial border. The medial and lateral 56. (C) The plantaris is located in the superficial
heads of the gastrocnemius form the inferolateral group of muscles in the posterior compartment
and inferomedial borders. The contents of the (Moore, p 586).
fossa include the small saphenous vein, popliteal
arteries and veins, and tibial and common fibular
nerves (Moore, p 571).
57. (A) The popliteus is a flexor of the knee joint
(Moore, p 588).
50. (A) The floor of the popliteal fossa is formed by

the popliteal surface of the femur, the oblique
popliteal ligament, and the popliteal fascia over the 58. (D) The flexor hallucis longus is the powerful
popliteus (Moore, p 571). "push-off" muscle during walking, running, and
jumping (Moore, p 589).
51. (B) The medial sural nerve is derived from the

tibial nerve and the lateral sural nerve is derived 59. (B) When a person is standing with the knee
from the common fibular. The medial and lateral partly flexed, the popliteus contracts to assist the
sural nerves unite to form the sural nerve (Moore, posterior cruciate ligament in preventing anterior
p 590). displacement of the femur on the tibia (Moore, p
588).
52.(A) Dorsiflexors of the ankle include the tibialis

anterior, extensors digitorum longus, hallucis 60. (A) Together, the two-headed gastrocnemius
longus, and fibularis tertius (Moore, p 577). and soleus form the three-headed triceps surae
(Moore, p 586).
53. (D) Both the fibularis longus and brevis evert

the foot. The fibularis tertius also aids in eversion 61. (A) The lateral compartment of the foot
of the foot (Moore, p 577). contains the abductor and flexor digiti minimi
brevis (Moore, p 596).
54. (A) The superior extensor retinaculum is a

strong, broad band of deep fascia passing from the 62. (D) The central compartment of the foot
fibula to the tibia, proximal to the malleoli. The contains the flexor digitorum brevis, flexor
inferior extensor retinaculum is a Y-shaped band digitorum longus, quadratus plantae, lumbricals,
of deep fascia that attaches laterally to the proximal part of the tendon flexor hallucis longus,
anterosuperior surface of the calcaneus. It forms a and the lateral plantar nerve and vessel (Moore,
strong loop around the tendons of the fibularis p 596).
tertius and the extensor digitorum longus muscle
(Moore, p 579).
63. (B) The medial plantar nerve, the larger of the
two terminal branches of the tibial nerve, passes
55. (B) The tibialis anterior is the strongest dorsi- deep to the abductor hallucis and runs anteriorly
flexor and inverter of the foot (Moore, p 579). between the muscles and the flexor digitorum
brevis on the lateral side of the medial plantar
artery (Moore, p 601).
pg.!46!
!
64. (E) The saphenous nerve is the largest and lateralis. The knee joint will function
cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve. In addition surprisingly well following a ligament strain if the
to supplying the skin and fascia on the anterior quadriceps is well conditioned (Moore, pp 617-
and medial sides of the leg, the saphenous nerve 618).
passes anterior to the medial malleolus to the
dorsum of the foot, where it supplies skin along
the medial side of the foot as far as the head of the
1st metatarsal (Moore, p 601). 70. (B) The fibrous capsule of the knee is deficient
on the lateral condyle to allow the tendon of the
popliteus to pass out of the joint to attach to the
tibia (Moore, p 618).
65. (A) The fibrous capsule is reinforced anteriorly
by the strong, Y-shaped iliofemoral ligament (of
Bigelow) which attaches to the anterior inferior
iliac spine and the acetabular rim proximally and 71. (C) The fibular collateral ligament (lateral
the intertrochanteric line distally. The iliofemoral collateral ligament), rounded and cordlike, is
ligament prevents hyperextension of the hip strong. It extends inferiorly from the lateral epi-
during standing by screwing the femoral head into condyle of the femur to the lateral surface of the
the acetabulum (Moore, p 611). head of fibula. The tendon of the popliteus passes
deep to the fibular collateral ligament, separating
it from the lateral meniscus. The tendon of the
biceps femoris is also split into two parts by this
66. (C) A synovial protrusion beyond the free ligament (Moore, p 619).
margin of the fibrous capsule onto the posterior
aspect of the femoral neck forms a bursa for the
obturator externus tendon (Moore, p 611).
72. (D) The tibial collateral ligament (medial col-
lateral ligament) is a strong, flat band that ex-
tends from the medial epicondyle of the femur to
67. (C) The ligament of the head of the femur is the medial surface of the tibia. At its mid- point,
weak and of little importance in strengthening the the deep fibers of the tibial collateral ligament are
hip joint. Its wide end attaches to the margins of firmly attached to the medial meniscus. The tibial
the acetabular notch and the transverse collateral ligament, weaker than the fibular
acetabular ligament. Its narrow end attaches to collateral ligament, is more often damaged. As a
the pit in the head of the femur. Usually the result, the tibial collateral ligament and medial
ligament contains a small artery to the head of the meniscus are commonly torn during contact sports
femur (Moore, p 611). such as football (Moore, p 619).
68. (B) The main blood supply of the hip joint is 73. (D) The oblique popliteal ligament is an
from branches of the circumflex femoral arteries expansion of the tendon of the semimembranosus,
(especially the medial circumflex femoral artery) which strengthens the fibrous capsule posteriorly
that travel in the retinacula (reflections of the (Moore, p 619).
capsule along the neck of the femur to- ward the
head). These retinacular vessels may be damaged
in femoral neck fractures and result in avascular
necrosis of the femoral head (Moore, p 613). 74. (C) The patellar ligament is extracapsular. The
cruciate ligaments and menisci are classified as
intra-articular and are found within the knee joint.
The popliteal tendon is also intra-articular during
69. (D) The most important muscle in stabilizing part of its course (Moore, p 620).
the knee joint is the large quadriceps femoris,
particularly inferior fibers of the vastus medialis
pg.!47!
!
75. (B) The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), the
weaker of the two cruciate ligaments, arises from
the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia, just 80. (C) Pain on lateral rotation of the tibia on the
posterior to the attachment of the medial femur indicates injury of the lateral meniscus,
meniscus. It extends superiorly, posteriorly, and whereas pain on medial rotation of the tibia on the
laterally to attach to the posterior part of the femur indicates injury of the medial meniscus
medial side of the lateral condyle of the femur. The (Moore, p 628).
ACL has a relatively poor blood supply. It is slack
when the knee is flexed and taut when it is fully
extended, preventing posterior displacement. 81. (E) The lateral ligament consists of theanterior
(Moore, p 620). and posterior talofibular ligaments and the
calcaneofibular ligament. The three discrete
ligaments are collectively referred to as the lateral
76. (E) The menisci are thicker at their external ligament. The fibrous capsule is reinforced
margins and taper to thin, unattached edges in the medially by the large, strong medial ligament
interior of the joint. Wedge-shaped in transverse (deltoid ligament), which attaches proximally to
section, the menisci are firmly attached at their the medial malleolus. This ligament consists of the
ends to the intercondylar area of the tibia. Their tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal, and anterior and
external margins attach to the fibrous capsule of posterior tibiotalar ligaments (Moore, pp 633-635).
the knee joint. The transverse ligament of the
knee, a slender, fibrous band, joins the anterior
edges of the menisci, allowing them to move 82. (A) Dorsiflexion of the ankle is produced by
together during knee movements (Moore, p621). the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg
(Moore, p 635).
77. (D) The lateral meniscus is nearly circular and 83. (E) The plantar calcaneonavicular ligamentum
is smaller and more movable than the medial (spring ligament) extends from the sustentaculum
meniscus. The tendon of the popliteus separates tali to the posteroinferior surface of the navicular.
the lateral meniscus from the fibular collateral It plays an important role in maintaining the
ligament. A strong tendinous slip, the posterior longitudinal arch of the foot (Moore, p 637).
meniscofemoral ligament, joins the lateral
meniscus to the posterior cruciate ligament and
the medial femoral condyle. The lateral meniscus 84. (C) The talar head is the keystone of themedial
acts like a shock absorber (Moore, p 621). longitudinal arch (Moore, p 640).
78. (B) The middle genicular branches of the pop- 85. (A) Hallux valgus is a foot deformity
liteal artery penetrate the fibrous capsule of the characterized by lateral deviation of the great toe.
knee joint and supply the cruciate ligaments, Hammertoe is a deformity in which the proximal
synovial membrane, and peripheral margins of the phalanx is permanently flexed at the
menisci (Moore, p 626). metatarsophalangeal joint and the middle phalanx
is plantarflexed at the interphalangeal joint. The
distal phalanx is also flexed. Claw toes are
79. (A) The ACL may tear when the tibial collateral characterized by hyperextension of the metatar-
ligament ruptures. First, the tibial collateral lig- sophalangeal joints and flexion of the distal
ament ruptures, opening the joint on the medial interphalangeal joints. Pes planus is flat feet, and
side and possibly tearing the medial meniscus and clubfoot refers to a foot that is twisted. The foot is
ACL. This "unhappy triad of injuries" can result inverted, the ankle is plantarflexed, and the
from clipping in football (Moore, p 626). forefoot is adducted (Moore, pp 641-642).
pg.!48!
!
deformities cause unequal weight distribution. In
the varum deformity, the medial side of the knee
86. (E) The transverse tarsal joint is formed bythe takes all the pressure, leading to wear and tear of
combined talonavicular part of the the medial meniscus (Moore, p 630).
talocalcaneonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints,
two separate joints aligned transversely.
Transection across the transverse tarsal joint is a
standard method for surgical amputation of the 92. (E) The stability of the knee joint depends on
foot. Inversion and eversion of the foot are the the strength and actions of the surrounding
main movements involving these joints (Moore, p muscles and their tendons. The ligaments that
637). connect the femur and tibia are also important. Of
these supports, the muscles are most important;
therefore, many sport injuries are pre- ventable
through appropriate conditioning and training. The
87. (A) The tibial nerve leaves the posterior com- most important muscle in stabilizing the knee joint
partment of the leg by passing deep to the flexor is the large quadriceps femoris, particularly
retinaculum in the interval between the medial inferior fibers of the vastus medialis and lateralis.
malleolus and calcaneus. The area involved is from The knee joint will function surprisingly well
the medial malleolus to the calcaneus, and the heel following a ligament strain if the quadriceps is well
pain results from compression of the tibial nerve conditioned (Moore, pp 617-618).
by the flexor retinaculum (Moore, p 636).
93. (D) Fractures of the femoral neck are
intracapsular, and realignment of the neck
fragments requires internal skeletal fixation.
88. (E) The ankle is the most frequently injured Femoral neck fractures are among the most
major joint in the body. Ankle sprains are most troublesome and problematic of all fractures
common. A sprained ankle is nearly always an (Moore, p 614).
inversion injury (Moore, p 636).
94. (B) The iliopsoas is the strongest flexor of the

89. (D) A Pott's fracture-dislocation of the ankle hip joint (Moore, p 613).
occurs when the foot is forcibly everted. This
action pulls on the extremely strong medial
ligament, often tearing off the medial malleolus.
The talus then moves laterally, shearing off the 95. (D) Medial rotators of the hip joint include
lateral malleolus or, more commonly, breaking the anterior fibers of the gluteus medius, gluteus
fibula superior to the inferior tibiofibular joint minimus, and tensor fascia lata; lateral rotators
(Moore, p 636). include the obturator externus, obturator
internus, superior gemellus, piriformis, quadratus
femoris, and gluteus maximus (Moore, p 613).
90. (B) The grip of the malleoli on the trochlea is
strongest during dorsiflexion of the foot, because
this movement forces the wider, anterior part of 96. (B) The pulse of the dorsalis pedis artery, or
the trochlea posteriorly, spreading the tibia and dorsal artery of the foot, is evaluated during a
fibula slightly apart (Moore, p 632). physical examination of the peripheral vascular
system. Dorsalis pedis pulses may be palpated
with the feet slightly dorsiflexed (Moore, pp 603-
604).
91. (B) Genu varum and genu valgum result in
deviation of the tibia from the midline. In genu
varum, the tibia is diverted medially, and in genu
valgum, the tibia is diverted laterally; these
pg.!49!
!
97. (C) The tendon of the biceps femoris may be
traced by palpating its distal attachment to the
lateral side of the head of the fibula. This tendon
and the neck of the fibula guide the examining
finger to the common fibular nerve (Moore, p 592).
98. (C) Because of its minor role, the plantaris

tendon can be removed for grafting without
causing any disability (Moore, p 586).
99. (A) Shin splints commonly result from trau-

matic injury or athletic overexertion of muscles in
the anterior compartment — especially the tibialis
anterior (Moore, p 580).
100. (C) The tibialis anterior is the strongest

dorsiflexor and invertor of the foot (Moore, p 579).
101. deep peroneal nerve
102. tibialis anterior
103. extensor digitorum longus
104. extensor digitorum brevis
105. dorsalis pedis artery
106. abductor digiti minimi
107. flexor digitorum brevis
108. lateral plantar nerve
109. medial plantar nerve
110. lumbrical
111. gluteus minimus
112. sciatic nerve
113. semitendinosus
114. long head of biceps femoris
115. soleus
pg.!50!
!

Upper and Lower Limb

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Upper and Lower Limb

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Upper and Lower Limb

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

!

(D) The scapula is fastened securely to

(E) The acromioclavicular joint

5. Which of the following is NOT true

(B) conoid tubercle (B) The ulnar styloid process is much

(D) The ulna is medial to the radius in

(B) The lateral surface of the scapula

(C) inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of

(D) superior lateral cutaneous nerve of

(A) triquetrum, trapezoid, capitate,

(E) scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, (E) serratus anterior

11. Which of the following best

(A) serratus anterior

(A) pectoralis minor (D) subscapularis

(B) triceps brachii (E) supraspinatus

(D) pectoralis major 16. Which of the following is an

(A) latissimus dorsi (C) levator scapulae

(B) teres major (D) teres minor

(C) subscapularis (E) supraspinatus

(E) anterior part of deltoid 17. Which of the following is true in

(A) It is innervated by the dorsal

(D) latissimus dorsi (A) The subscapular artery arises from

(B) The second part of the axillary

(E) The lateral thoracic artery divides

(B) lymph nodes (D) Each of the three trunks of the

27. Which of the following is NOT a

28. Which of the following is NOT true

(E) Brachial plexus herniations occur

(A) supraspinatus (B) brachialis

(B) infraspinatus (C) coracobrachialis

(C) glenohumeral joint (D) biceps brachii

(D) skin over superior part of scapula (E) supinator

(A) radial nerve (B) radial and ulnar

(B) musculocutaneous nerve (C) median and ulnar

(C) median nerve (D) median and radial

(D) ulnar nerve (E) musculocutaneous and radial

(E) axillary nerve

(C) superior and inferior ulnar collateral (C) median nerve

arteries (D) biceps brachii tendon

(D) thoracoacromial artery (E) ulnar nerve

(E) anterior and posterior ulnar

(A) ventral rami of C3-C4 (D) pronator teres

(C) dorsal rami of C6-C7-C8 profundus

(D) ventral rami of C8-T1

(A) pronator teres

(C) palmaris longus

(A) anterior interosseous nerve

(D) flexor carpi ulnaris 42. To pronate the forearm, which of

(A) The pronator quadratus initiates

43. The extensor carpi radialis longus

44. Which of the following is true in

(A) flexor carpi radialis (D) innervate the adductor pollicis

(D) abductor pollicis longus

(A) give a superficial branch that

(E) innervate the glenohumeral joint

51. The ulnar nerve does NOT do (E) It is innervated by C5-C6.

(A) innervate the elbow joint with

(B) It is innervated by the median nerve. (E) palmar interossei 1 and 2