Math & Chemistry

Class: X MATHS WORKSHEET Date:29/3/23
1. An army contingent of 104 members is to march behind an army band of 96

members in a parade. The two groups are to march in the same number
columns. What is the maximum number of columns in which they can march?
2. A fruit vendor has 990 apples and 945 oranges. He packs them into baskets.
Each basket contains only one of the two fruits but in equal number. Find the
number of fruits to be put in each basket in order to have minimum number of
baskets
3. Three bells toll at intervals of 9, 12, 15 minutes respectively. If they start
tolling together, after what time will they next toll together.
4. Find the least number that is divisible by all numbers from 1 to 10
5. If HCF of 144 and 180 is expressed in the form 13m - 16. Find the value of m.
6. Prove that √7 is an irrational number.
7. Prove that √3 is an irrational number. Hence, show that 7 + 2 √3 is also an
irrational number.
ABS VIDHYA MANDHIR –THIRUVALLUR
GRADE : X CHAPTER 1 CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND EQUATIONS (1.1) NOTES
Chemical Reaction: A chemical reaction is a process in which one or more substances, also called
reactants, are converted to one or more different substances, known as products. Substances are either
chemical elements or compounds. The following activities are as given below:
1.. Magnesium ribbon burns with a dazzling white flame and changes into a white powder. This powder
is magnesium oxide. It is formed due to the reaction between magnesium and oxygen present in the air.
2. Take lead nitrate solution in a test tube; add potassium iodide solution to this, and then we observed
that lead (II) iodide and potassium nitrate is formed.
3. Take a few zinc granules in a conical flask, add dilute hydrochloric acid or Sulphuric acid to this, and
then we observed that hydrogen gas is evolved. A chemical reaction can be determined with the help
of any of the following observations:
a) Evolution of a gas
b) Change in temperature
c) Formation of a precipitate
d) Change in colour
e) Change of state.
Chemical Equations: Chemical equations are symbolic representations of chemical reactions in which
the reactants and the products are expressed in terms of their respective chemical formulae
Balancing of a Chemical Reaction
Law of Conservation of mass

According to the law of conservation of mass, no atoms can be created or destroyed in a chemical
reaction, so the number of atoms for each element in the reactants side has to balance the number
of atoms that are present in the products side.
In other words, the total mass of the products formed in a chemical reaction is equal to the total
mass of the reactants participated in a chemical reaction.
Balanced chemical equation

The chemical equation in which the number of atoms of each element in the reactants side is equal
to that of the products side is called a balanced chemical equation.
Representing the Direction of the Chemical Reaction The reactants and the products can be
separated by one of the following four symbols:
In order to describe a net forward reaction, the symbol ‗→‘ is used.
 In order to describe a net backward reaction, the symbol ‗ ‘ is used.
 In order to describe a reaction that occurs in both forward and backward directions, the
 symbol ‗⇄‘ is used. In order to describe a state of chemical equilibrium, the symbol ‗⇌‘ is
used.
 Multiple entities on either side of the reaction symbols describe above are separated from each
other with the help of the ‗+‘ symbol in a chemical equation.
It can be noted that the ‗→‘ symbol, when used in a chemical equation, is often read as ‗gives
rise to‘ or ‗yields
Writing chemical equations

Representation of a chemical reaction in terms of symbols and chemical formulae of the reactants
and products is known as a chemical equation.
• For solids, the symbol is “(s)”.

• For liquids, it is “(l)”.
• For gases, it is “(g)”.
• For aqueous solutions, it is “(aq)”.
• For gas produced in the reaction, it is represented by “(↑)”.
• For precipitate formed in the reaction, it is represented by “(↓)”.
EXAMPLE 1: Write the chemical equation for the formation of magnesium oxide.
Step 1: Magnesium burns in oxygen to give magnesium oxide. Here, the reactants are magnesium and
oxygen. The product is magnesium oxide.
Step 2: Thus, the word equation is Magnesium + Oxygen ⟶ Magnesium oxide
Step 3: Replacing the names with symbols and formulae, we get the chemical equation as
Mg + O2 ⟶ MgO
Reactants Products
Step 4: The numbers of atoms of the elements are
To balance oxygen on both sides, multiply RHS by 2, i.e., Mg + O2 ⟶ 2MgO Now, the number of oxygen
atoms is balanced but the number of magnesium atoms is not.
Therefore, multiply magnesium on the LHS by 2. Thus, the equation becomes
2Mg + O2 ⟶ 2MgO this is the balanced chemical equation.
In-text questions set 1 Page number – 6
1. Why should a magnesium ribbon be cleaned before burning in the air?
Solution:
Magnesium ribbon should be cleaned before burning in air because Magnesium metal reacts with
the atmospheric oxygen and forms Magnesium Oxide (MgO) layer which is a very stable compound.
In order to prevent further reactions with Oxygen, it is therefore necessary to clean the ribbon by to
remove the layer of MgO.
2. Write a balanced equation for the following chemical reactions.
i) Hydrogen + Chloride —-> Hydrogen chloride
ii) Barium chloride + Aluminium sulphate —-> Barium sulphate + Aluminium chloride
iii) Sodium + Water —-> Sodium hydroxide + Hydrogen
Solution:
i) H2 + Cl2 → 2HCl
ii) 3BaCl2 + Al2(SO4)3 →3BaSO4 + 2AlCl3
iii) 2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2
3. Write a balanced chemical equation with state symbols for the following reactions
i) Solutions of Barium chloride and Sodium sulphate in water react to give insoluble Barium
sulphate and solution of Sodium chloride.
ii) Sodium hydroxide solution in water reacts with the hydrochloric acid solution to produce
Sodium chloride solution and water.
Solution:
i) BaCl2 + Na2SO4 → BaSO4 + 2NaCl
ii) NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O
Book back answer

What is a balanced chemical equation? Why should a chemical equation be balanced?
Solution:
A balanced equation is the one in which number of different atoms on both the reactant and product
sides are equal. Balancing chemical equations is necessary for the reaction should obey The Law of
Conservation of mass. Balancing the chemical equation has no defined method and is purely a trial-
and-error attempt.
5. Translate the following statements into chemical equations and balance them.
(a) Hydrogen gas combines with nitrogen to form ammonia.
(b) Hydrogen sulphide gas burns in the air to give water and sulphur dioxide.
(c) Barium chloride reacts with aluminium sulphate to give Aluminium chloride and a
precipitate of barium sulphate.
(d) Potassium metal reacts with water to give potassium hydroxide and Hydrogen gas.
Solution:
(a) Unbalanced: H2 + N2 → NH3
Balanced: 3H2 + N2 → 2NH3
b) Unbalanced: H2S + O2 → H2O + SO2
Balanced: 2H2S + 3O2 → 2H2O + 2SO2
(c) Unbalanced:
BaCl2 + Al2(SO4)3 → AlCl3 + BaSO4
Balanced: 3BaCl2 + Al2(SO4)3 → 2AlCl3 + 3BaSO4
d) Unbalanced: K + H2O → KOH + H2
Balanced: 2K + 2H2O → 2KOH + H2
6. Balance the following chemical equations.
(a) HNO3 + Ca(OH)2 → Ca(NO3)2 + H2O
(b) NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + H2O
(c) NaCl + AgNO3 → AgCl + NaNO3
(d) BaCl2 + H2SO4 → BaSO4 + HCl
Solution:
(a) 2HNO3 + Ca(OH)2 → Ca(NO3)2 + 2H2O
b) 2NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2H2O
c) NaCl + AgNO3 → AgCl + NaNO3
d) BaCl2 + H2SO4 → BaSO4 + 2HCl
7.Write the balanced chemical equation for the following reactions.
Calcium hydroxide + Carbon dioxide —-> Calcium carbonate + Water
Zinc + Silver nitrate —-> Zinc nitrate + Silver
Aluminium + Copper chloride —-> Aluminium chloride + Copper
Barium chloride + Potassium sulphate —-> Barium sulphate + Potassium chloride
Solution:
2Ca(OH)2 + 2CO2 → 2CaCO3 + 2H2O
Zn + 2AgNO3 → Zn(NO3)2 + 2Ag
2Al + 3CuCl2 → 2AlCl3 + 3Cu
BaCl2 + K2SO4 → BaSO4 + 2KCl

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Class: X MATHS WORKSHEET Date:29/3/23

1. An army contingent of 104 members is to march behind an army band of 96

GRADE : X CHAPTER 1 CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND EQUATIONS (1.1) NOTES

Balancing of a Chemical Reaction

Law of Conservation of mass

Balanced chemical equation

Writing chemical equations

• For solids, the symbol is “(s)”.

Book back answer

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