r si Testing & Acoustic Emission Testing (45) transducers are attached to a through transmission fixture 4 tics assembled to a mechanical Motorized xy scanner, _ 1 When the wy scanner travels over the inspection meter, scanning and indexing in a rectilinear scan creating 4p ultrasonic images and displayed in C-scan image of the defects of the material. fee rice aero AcousTic EMISSION TestiNG (AET) i fs ae (it, INTROUDCTION ¥ Acoustic Emission Test (AET) is a Non-Destructive Test (NDT) method generally used to detect and locate imperfections in mechanically loaded structures and * components. Flaw origination and progression in a stressed component can be identified by acoustic emission test method when the component is subjected to repetitive or continuous stress, The acoustic emission in the sound form is to the ears ‘hat visual inspection isto the eyes, The basic concepts, principle, techniques, advantages, linitions and application of acoustic emission testing are ‘sented, in detail, in the following sections, rn ce ' iN BASIC PRINCIPLE OF ACOUSTIC EMISSION TEST (AET) §184, Prnciple ~ % Sea When a component with discontinuities. is subjected to ical load or stress it release energy. This energy travelsFg Ail. Pace eee eiston extn zy Anais ofthe elected deta comprises the chara of the racial votage (ial) according to tae ‘oxo, vole intensity and frequency conten, ‘Acris Enis Te soit fm Ka Sted by IK ie te yer 1990, The Rabe ett Penne hte mil nd lot enlsaees, aay indo booma meee “2 Supein cone ison Texting 0 a ees eben acon ABT ae ne fe rs 6 08a body; the resulting sess cues The sesso th fora e material causes local pl q sean (break de is pac Tun ccna peas emai phe Thien (id Acoustic emis on isan elastic wave Sune drach ee (9) Sensor produces ae eve onl lag, is proces poonsc Exission Testing, é of beste Exiesion (0 Sonia sures fac eiasion ae ied owe Fe toot ise mene ei 0 ied tom repaeas ot catia lide @ Tre due to non-metallic “inclusions” lying between metal “The breaking ofthese non-metallic components i he Ee sure of acoustic eission peeing ek i th metal sre i te bs pind ‘orce of high amplitude acoustic emissions. «9, Caresion products forming onthe crack surices i Bary rete om the sess felt ithe sou of snuie 1134. Advantages of Acoustic Emission Testing “The main advantages of AET are given below. (Preservice and in-service testing can be done. (i) Online monitoring of components and system is possible, (i) Locating defects and teak detecting. (iv) Less geometry sensitive. (0) Less intrusive. (vi) Realtime evaluation and remote seanning is possible. 4435. Limitations of Acoustic Emission Testing ‘Some ofthe limitstons of AET a glven below. (0 Poor repeatabiliy. (@)Tanwence of ambient result in poor oupot i) Sopisicned ata proses Go) A cet re fray tthe knowledge and experience of Ane servi vider. > and attenuation of signals may hya ww << 7AgTORE NFLUENCING AGOUS mop “au FAGTORS INFLUENCING ACOUSTIS %, ‘PROPAGATION AND DATA, Acauismay® i Footors influencing acoustic wave arin AE techolog ae: Prepatation ‘Weve propaeaton, we Gi) Wave velocity, Gin Noise, Non Destrctive Teg ting (jv) Attenuation, and | ¢9)_ Pseudo sources. {avieve Propagation The AE wave can te visualized by predcad when # 008s dopped into a pon Hn © Weveraits fom he source in al direction, sg directional depending on the nature op na ee of eet Tepid movenst is meonseay if 0 sizeable class energy erated during deformation is to nT ‘0 appears, ig. 02. Type cout wave ‘4 Acoustic Bmission Testing, lial] soe ret ve with which the disturbance tavels though the pertant for some source location techniques net ’ i seth eon sal shaping effets have a profound influence vals ofthe detected AE signal, i i eo oi (re ss emi tein res ay odie Ne etl he sexo. The sentry of n casi syste roe ited by th ano of ackand noise nearby- 1 nls of tee signals fclude ft! sues imps Se nd sures of oie by mechanical vibrations. 1 aes of nis are compen by sei sears wih Tsoi gates fr noise Blocking gn ateruation voeenuaion isthe Tos of ample as he wave travels are fom the source This i inporant when deteing Sree from distance Sources 1 Fig 4 shows the tention fora ste plat. i iq ; a ‘Fig 4, Attenuation for steele(a]____mn Non Destructive ey tng, {) Pseudo Sources uw) In addition to the AE source mechansy coose meshes preduoe nS ‘Signals that are detected by AE equipm ¥ Bxanples of pseudo sources are ea ates a nd vition Teation, fi Special sensors and pre-emplifiers are ges: : clizinae these pseodo source signals,” “28% 1g SaaS OF ACOUSTIC EMSS .coustic emission to tesing canbe performed in parable insruments rin a stationary laboratory °° eH wag 1 eau 4 rs arp of rt Acoustic ig ain ay Praroiier Fer Winter nr, | i Measurement ety Pie a tse tensor em cement of miso sig i) Coupes, 3) Armpit, an n) Data storage nd dts nays ‘4g Acoustic Emission Testing re eres jon sensors respond to dynamic motion that is “AE event. This is achieved through transducers seb avers mechani] overeat ito an lec tae sie , west cement in a [AE sensor is almost always @ (Tpontete crystal, which is commonly made from a eee hs ed cna Tiana (PZ, sano we sete based on operating. frequency, Tey and environmental characteris ooulants eer simply paced on te suri ofthe material wring acoustic wave, the Sensor produes very weak signal. “Prooplant paced between the Sensor and surface felp te {ers to sense much large signal trata, acouplantcan beatin layer of ay viscous fie via wets bh surfaces, This uid acts as « couplat at sre good contact between to sure 088 H=Tosepie Feel Epo and sificon lant are usd as cola materi ‘The sensor should be beld against the surface wih some prs anished by apt, sing ape bts rr Away a hin ayer fcoulat is desirable eld Dee rests. 2. Amir and Fir Amplifiers and filers ae designed to hep eliminate unwanted a the pre ampli boosts the volte 1 POV ain and cree ee capabiiy. To minimize inetirensy ® PS plier spaced close tothe transducervy _Now Desiratve Testing ~a—_—— fa a ae NE HABA. 8 Hey ~ NoSowe sol ened a a ag see ee ciao of WW Fug sees = cpu anni an Dat SoFAGE isto and tering. the signal ag jem mt Fame a veal 1 ogg ly seats and OO8E. “eae measurement cist, HO SR OF the go, Seat compa th a thestold voltage alg gee PER eats pogrimuned. Signals are either cong & bute, oe 1 Bushtne the veshold voltage i exceeded the eer ese a igital pulse, Pulses ary gv ‘outmasy il the signal exceeds the threshold volags an fm esa isanayed and stored inthe dis SOE Se, ‘FasL MODES OF ACOUSTIC EMISSION TESTING = Basically, there ar vo modes of AE signals. They are: (Transient (eso called as burst) signals, and (G) Contauos signal {Bunt Az Signals Wik tut AE signal star and endpoints device fom tukpound nu, The useful signals fr AE tig inp pease ‘pans ae burt Spe salen aaee Sigal cgi Gon face cok row i445 host bust mode AE signal is) OO % Time 00 Fig. 445. Burst mode AE signal continuous AE Signals 1 ; wefan continous AB, signal, the amplitude and fequeny ‘noticed but the signal never ends. sitions ae 1) Figads shows the continuous mode AE sina {3 i NY ee rrmn/! i ‘350400 600 680 700 600 Time Fig 6, Continuous AE signa The AE duc to corrosion is good example of continuous AE,jo totng ACO Bon Tg m ousting data Ne RUMCEE Raf we _ Fy es 2 ing AHEESIN EAlSO a cog OY, Fa yet Four tanstacer, ptr Be MM AB signals fey oo et Ne aw ™m four co betwwen Burst and Continugy, . fo oars ae acquires, amplified, and sent ta fy wo moa | eet ty tegen oe ae se a weet the TO MIS i poole i ecepting da “p Toepaincecsse tween the WO Medes is rss SUD RT Signal provided by senting te ebavierceabeemanith eens AB signals from one of tho chamels iy absent leas in ug, sega wih EE an ugar whee fefbemations. Buse "ky, R Pode | i aa ages Re EXAM stele AN Scene SNS svist sk ibe, thes generating eet: | __i tor e388e Set tou a fur chine hur which signal on that channel vera preset evel, pore . : en ah i suse mos ssi a tat made ae | on ges ONO! 1 each ies, Upon seit he a ee Rrgarr each diglizer continues to acer ae mee e cogbnes AF sigs cScu when the changes ine sp period of time. The dita are ten stoma cerrsan wh 2 coTERON POSES, oF contin : = . Sfeconna member with other ~ ert memory For pst prosesing. Za FOURCHAINELDATA ACQUIS Zq_TOUR CHNNNELDATA AGQUISTTION WACO — ERISSION TESTING UTS , [tuabae sonae 7 pevss enon can be monitored by 8 four cg sqision system witha computer having real-time an, iS | ae fee poesig cpa. 1 ig 447 shows the block diagram of four chat a a sition gen. a) rao, ATpIGAt Messicrert Diy cha S| Fee (Object be tosjod Fig. 448, Four channel AE workstation *Flt447 Mock dagram of four channel AE testingy Now Destructive Testng ay, po aire AE etn 42 in vag of i 4 The gant anh bit 9 IDSC a inaequring dt softwar in short computa age withthe tp oF £0 comptationay gt aos OF ACOUSTIC EMISSION Farge APPLIEATIONS OF: > rations of acoustic emission sting yg hod ag ‘ype ali fons layed in many in MA esting is employe YY industig ayy wt rs iy Stews freqocnty’ tested using AE method ip, industrial equipment. reste aod eT eee mise te te reg iy Fig, 449 shows the arrangement of testing micro emck welding by acoustic emission testing, resin Aeon ison Teng ay on sp. Te arrangement of tel mero cack Ina wel rie ‘by acousile emission texting. of sepection of oronpace SMUCUFS By Acoust Enisons * yeaa st asosace tectures const of complex asenbes of 4 Met’enons that are designed to cary signfcat leds while apg as light as possible, This combination of reqienents eo many pans that can tolerate ony @ minor amount of tetas before Fling, Ths fact makes detection of damage setemely important but components are often packed tightly fester making acces for inspections diffca. peoustic emission test has ‘found wide applications in rrnitoring integrity of aerospace structure because sensors fan be attached in easily accessed areas that are remotely located from damage prone sites. "REVIEW AND SUMMARY. Tin wirasonie testing, high frequency sound eneray| (atrasonic wave) Identify surface and subsface dlscontinates. 7 Sound waves having frequency above 20,000 He are called | lrasonic waves. : f HLL