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    Multinomial Theorem

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    Shlok Parekh
    The multinomial theorem describes the expansion of terms with multiple variables, such as (x + y + z + w)n. It states the expansion has terms of the form xa yb zc zd where a + b + c + d = n. The number of terms in the expansion of (x1 + x2 + x3 ... + xr)n is (n+r-1)Cr-1. The greatest coefficient occurs when n is divided into m equal parts, with remainder r, and is calculated as (n!/(q!)m-r)((q+1)!/r) where q is the quotient.

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    Multinomial Theorem

    Uploaded by

    Shlok Parekh
    91 views2 pages
    The multinomial theorem describes the expansion of terms with multiple variables, such as (x + y + z + w)n. It states the expansion has terms of the form xa yb zc zd where a + b + c + d = n. The number of terms in the expansion of (x1 + x2 + x3 ... + xr)n is (n+r-1)Cr-1. The greatest coefficient occurs when n is divided into m equal parts, with remainder r, and is calculated as (n!/(q!)m-r)((q+1)!/r) where q is the quotient.

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    The multinomial theorem describes the expansion of terms with multiple variables, such as (x + y + z + w)n. It states the expansion has terms of the form xa yb zc zd where a + b + c + d = n. The number of terms in the expansion of (x1 + x2 + x3 ... + xr)n is (n+r-1)Cr-1. The greatest coefficient occurs when n is divided into m equal parts, with remainder r, and is calculated as (n!/(q!)m-r)((q+1)!/r) where q is the quotient.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    91 views2 pages

    Multinomial Theorem

    Uploaded by

    Shlok Parekh
    The multinomial theorem describes the expansion of terms with multiple variables, such as (x + y + z + w)n. It states the expansion has terms of the form xa yb zc zd where a + b + c + d = n. The number of terms in the expansion of (x1 + x2 + x3 ... + xr)n is (n+r-1)Cr-1. The greatest coefficient occurs when n is divided into m equal parts, with remainder r, and is calculated as (n!/(q!)m-r)((q+1)!/r) where q is the quotient.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    MULTINOMIAL THEOREM

    𝑛!
    1) (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 + 𝑤)𝑛 = ∑ 𝑥𝑎 𝑦𝑏 𝑧𝑐 𝑧𝑑 ,𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 𝑑 = 𝑛
    𝑎! 𝑏! 𝑐! 𝑑!
    𝑛+𝑟−1
    2) 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + 𝑥3 … + 𝑥𝑟 )𝑛 = 𝐶𝑟−1

    3) The greatest coefficient in the expansion of (𝑎1 + 𝑎2 + 𝑎3 … + 𝑎𝑚 )𝑛 is

    𝑛!
    (𝑞!)𝑚−𝑟 {(𝑞 + 1 ) !} 𝑟

    Where q is the quotient and r is the remainder when n is divided by m.

    1. In the expansion of (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 + 𝑤)6 , find the coefficient of 𝑎3 𝑏 2 𝑐

    2. In the expansion of (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 − 𝑤)8 , find the coefficient of 𝑎3 𝑏𝑐𝑑3

    3. Find the coefficient of 𝑎2 𝑏 3 𝑐 4 𝑑 in the expansion of (𝑎 − 𝑏 − 𝑐 + 𝑑)10

    4. Find the coefficient of 𝑥 8 in the expansion of (1 + 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 3 )9 Ans: 378

    5. 3 6 10
    Find the sum of rational terms in (√2 + √3 + √5) Ans: 11792

    6. Find the coefficient of 𝑥 7 in the expansion of (1 + 3𝑥 − 2𝑥 3 )10 Ans: 62640

    7. Find the greatest coefficient in the expansion of (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 𝑑)15


    Double Summation
    𝑛 𝑛

    1) ∑ ∑ 𝐶𝑖 𝐶𝑗 = 22𝑛
    𝑖=0 𝑗̂ =0

    22𝑛 − 2𝑛𝐶𝑛
    2) ∑ ∑ 𝐶𝑖 𝐶𝑗 =
    2
    0≤ 𝑖<𝑗 ≤ 𝑛

    22𝑛 + 2𝑛𝐶𝑛
    3) ∑ ∑ 𝐶𝑖 𝐶𝑗 =
    2
    0≤ 𝑖≤𝑗 ≤ 𝑛

    1. (𝐶0 + 𝐶1 + 𝐶2 + 𝐶3 + ⋯ + 𝐶𝑛 )2

    2.
    ∑ ∑( 𝑛𝐶𝑖 + 𝑛𝐶𝑗 )
    0≤ 𝑖<𝑗 ≤ 𝑛

    3. 2
    ∑ ∑( 𝑛𝐶𝑖 − 𝑛𝐶𝑗 )
    0≤ 𝑖<𝑗 ≤ 𝑛

    BINOMIAL THEOREM FOR NEGATIVE AND FRACTIONAL INDEX


     When n is a negative integer or a fraction then the expression of a binomial is possible only when

    i) Its first term is 1, and

    ii) Its second term is between -1 to 1

    Thus when 𝑛 ∉ 𝑁 𝑎𝑛𝑑 |𝑥| < 1 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛

    𝑛(𝑛 − 1) 2 𝑛(𝑛 − 1)(𝑛 − 1) 3 𝑛(𝑛 − 1)(𝑛 − 2) … (𝑛 − 𝑟 + 1) 𝑟


    (1 + 𝑥)𝑛 = 1 + 𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 + ⋯+ 𝑥 +⋯
    2! 3! 𝑟!
    𝑛+𝑟−1
     𝐶𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 𝑟 𝑖𝑛 (1 − 𝑥)−𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝐶𝑟

    1. (1 + 3x)2
    Find coefficient of x 3 in the expansion of where |2x| < 1 𝑨𝒏𝒔: 𝟓𝟎
    1 − 2x
    2. In the expansion of (1 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + ⋯ + 𝑥 27 )(1 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + ⋯ + 𝑥 14 )2 , find the coefficient of 𝑥 28 Ans: 224

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