08 HPGD3203 T4

Topic  Web 2.
0 Tools
4
LEARNING OUTCOMES
By the end of this topic, you should be able to:
1. Differentiate between Web 1.0 and Web 2.0 tools;
2. Elaborate on the various Web 2.0 tools, such as blogs, wikis, audio,
video, microblogging and others;
3. Elaborate on the various forms of Web 2.0 tools and their specific
requirements; and
4. Identify the Web 2.0 tools which will help teachers in teaching and
learning.
 INTRODUCTION
During the early stages of Web 1.0, it could be considered as a „read-only web‰.
Web 1.0 was at the early stage of the World Wide Web or commonly known as
WWW. At this stage, the WWW composed of websites with hyperlinks but there
was no room for user interactivity or content contribution. Most website owners
wanted to establish an online presence and make their information available to
anyone at any time, but the web as a whole did not develop much with regard to
content and contribution. The static stage of the web made it necessary to move
forward to Web 2.0.
Web 1.0 eventually gave way to Web 2.0, which has provided a new way of
collaborating, creating, sharing and editing user content online. Web 2.0 has made it
easier for teachers, students and parents to collaborate and share resources. Web 2.0
tools are user-friendly and most of them are free.
Copyright © Open University Malaysia (OUM)

TOPIC 4 WEB 2.0 TOOLS  57
The use of Web 2.0 tools has made students more attentive and more focused in
their thinking and work. The reason being they realise that once they are online,
there are others around the world who can read what they have posted or created.
They can foster collaboration, reflection and higher order thinking skills.
In the following subtopics, we will discuss the various Web 2.0 tools such as:
(a) Blogs;
(b) Wikis;
(c) Social bookmarking;
(d) Audio and podcasting;
(e) Image sharing;
(f) Videos;
(g) Microblogging;
(h) SMS;
(i) Web conferencing;
(j) Aggregation; and
(k) Games, virtual worlds and simulation.
Let us continue with the lesson!
4.1 BLOGS
Do you own a blog? Are you a blogger? Would you like to keep your students
updated on your latest ideas or topics? Is your blog for personal or professional
use? Well, these are some of the questions that we have heard, and you might have
experienced on blogs.
Blogs are informational discussions and personal experiences that can be created
by anyone, provided one is registered as a user. Blogs can be updated, and content
can be posted from time to time by only one user. The content is arranged in
chronological order. During the early stages, most blogs required users to be able
to use HyperText Markup Language (HTML) and also File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
to ensure that the content was posted based on the Internet Protocol (IP) addresses
of the websites or blogs.

58  TOPIC 4 WEB 2.0 TOOLS
The other feature in the blogs is users can leave comments, which makes it possible
for users to interact and makes the blogs more active. This distinguishes blogs from
other static websites. Blogging is a social networking service, which makes it
possible for administrators and editors to interact with other users. This can be
seen by the number of followers of the blogs, making it an attraction for them to
keep posting, commenting and discussing issues or matters of common interest.
As a user, one can become a blogger by registering with any one of the following
platforms available:
(a) WordPress;
(b) Blogger;
(c) Tumblr;
(d) Medium;
(e) Svbtle;
(f) Quora;
(g) Postach.io;
(h) Google+;
(i) Facebook Notes; and
(j) LinkedIn.
The following are some examples of blogs by educators:

(a) http://coolcatteacher.blogspot.my/
(b) http://thetravellingteachers.blogspot.my/
(c) http://mscassidysclass.edublogs.org/
SELF-CHECK 4.1
Discuss the differences between Web 1.0 and Web 2.0.

ACTIVITY 4.1
1. Create a blog on http://blogger.com or any blogging platform of
your choice.
2. Collaborate with your group members and get them to post
information on the blog.
4.2 WIKIS
Ward Cunningham was the first person who developed wikis. Ward Cunningham
provided a chance for users to create, post and edit content, which was something
that everyone was waiting to be able to deliver content. Wikis are websites that
allow the collaboration and editing of their content. Some wikis are open source
while others are proprietary.
Wikis run on software uses simple editing tools, such as rich text editors and
simple markup language, as compared to the complicated HyperText Markup
Language (HTML) used in blogs.
Wikis also provide access controls, whereby not everyone has the right to change,
edit or remove materials. Other wikis are free without any user control, making it
possible to edit, compose and remove content. Wikis run on an engine called
content management system (CMS), whereby the interface has a control panel to
allow registered users to customise the layout and design, allowing users to have
control over the wikis.
Wikis like Wikipedia remain popular until today. Wikis provide users with a chance
to use the online application that works on the principle of „what you see is what
you get‰ (WYSIWYG). This editor or programme in wikis helps users to produce
documents as they create. Table 4.1 shows some examples of popular wikis.

Table 4.1: Popular Wikis
Name Focus Notes

AboutUs.com Internet directory AboutUs provides information on
many different websites.
Appropedia English, Spanish, French, Sustainable development, including
German technology.
LyricWiki Music – Lyrics Listing of lyrics by album.
Metabase Biological database 1000 biological databases with more
than 50 user-contributed databases.
MyWikiBiz Business directory For people and enterprises to promote
themselves
OpenStreetMap Places – Map Uses GPS, aerial photography and free
source images to map the world
TermWiki Words in different A social learning network with
languages 75 languages
WikiAnswers General knowledge Compiles answers based on questions
submitted
WikiEducators Open Educational Open educational resources which can
Resources be used, edited and shared
Wikipedia Encyclopaedia Multilingual Wikimedia project
4.3 SOCIAL BOOKMARKING

Social bookmarking allows registered users to save, view, organise and store
websites which they can retrieve at a later time. These social bookmarking can be
viewed by the public at any time as long as there is Internet connection.
Bookmarking is an application that is available on Internet browsers like Google

Chrome, Internet Explorer, Opera, Mozilla and Safari. At one stage, the bookmarks
were only accessible by the desktop. As users moved to another notebook or
computer, they were not able to retrieve the bookmarks.
Google Chrome has gone further by ensuring users log in to acquire the
bookmarks no matter where they are or what computer they are using. Some
examples of social bookmarking are Delicious, digg.com, StumbleUpon, Reddit
and Pinterest (see Figure 4.1).

Figure 4.1: Social bookmarking sites

Source: http://www.bloggersideas.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/social-
bookmarking-sites.jpg
Delicious allows users to add links to their accounts; these links can be customised
to make the links public or private. Delicious also allows its users to add tags that
will allow other users to search for these websites. Delicious users can do „bundle
tag‰ to add the tags into a group. One example is if a user has tags like „design‰,
„paint‰, „sketches‰ and „oil painting‰, they can be bundle tagged under „art‰.
Social bookmarking helps users to generate traffic to their websites. Therefore, if

your site is bookmarked, search engines will list results from bookmarking sites,
and thus providing an opportunity for your site to show up in search results. As a
point of caution, social bookmarking can categorise your website as „no follow‰.
This is a HTML that is added to your site as an element to instruct search engines
not to follow the hyperlink which can influence the ranking of the site based on
the search engine index.
4.4 AUDIO AND PODCASTING

Audio has its share as a Web 2.0 tool, as some of the features that were present
before have now been made more user-friendly and with more added features.
There are free online tools for audio sharing. They enable users to record, upload,
listen to and share audio files easily. You can record directly, use text to speech or
upload your audio file. The other option is you can embed the audio file to any site
with HTML. You as a user have the option to decide whether your audio file will
be made public or private.

Some examples of such audio web tools are like Chirbit, Minicast Maker,
SoundCloud and Yodio. Some of the features in Chirbit include:
(a) Upload 120MB of audio per file;
(b) Embed your audio file anywhere using HTML 5;
(c) Share audio files on Tumblr, Twitter, Facebook and others;
(d) Upload your audio file in formats like mp3, wav, aif, ogg, amr, m4a, wma,
3gp;
(e) Record directly from your website using a webcam or microphone;
(f) Post any audio to your account with your smartphone that has voice note
apps and email; and
(g) Extract audio from YouTube.
These are some of the features that are free, but you will have to pay if you need
extra features that come with the PRO version.
Podcasts are audio files distributed through the Internet. The word „Podcast‰
comes from „iPod‰ and broadcast. With todayÊs technology, we can add visuals
and videos to make your presentation more exciting. To do podcasting, you will
have to ensure that your hardware fulfil the minimum requirements. Some of the
requirements are as indicated in Table 4.2.
Table 4.2: Hardware and Software Requirements for Podcasting
Hardware/Software Requirements
For personal computers and notebooks  You will need a minimum requirement of
that run on Windows Windows XP, Vista, Windows 7 and 8.
For Mac  OS9 or X.
Random access memory (RAM)  2 to 4 gigabytes (GB).
 Professionals use 8 to 16 GB.
Hard disk space  You need storage of 50 to 100GB.
Software  Audacity for both PC and Mac.
 Adobe Audible, Garageband.

Microphone  Although PC and Mac have their built-in

microphones, it is necessary to have an
external microphone.
Headphone  Required to ensure recording quality is
maintained.
The four features that make podcasting popular are:

(a) Anyone can podcast, provided there is a personal computer, a microphone,
the software and Internet connection;
(b) Subscription or syndication is one of the ways in which Podcast are
distributed through the internet. One has to subscribe to these syndications
in the form of rich site summary (RSS);
(c) Podcasting applies to various gadgets; and
(d) Students can produce their podcasts by researching, writing and learning
content which will help in their 21st century learning skills.
4.5 IMAGE SHARING

Photo or image sharing is the ability to publish or transfer an image using an
application or a website that enables the sharing or publishing. Image transfer can
be made public or even private. Some of these sites allow us to organise, categorise,
tag, edit and describe the image. Tagging is important as these tags can easily be
captured by search engines, making the search much easier for those who are
looking for a particular photo or image. Items shared should be ensured that there
is no violation of copyright issues. Some of the popular image sharing applications
are shown in Figure 4.2.

Figure 4.2: Popular image sharing applications

Source: http://www.alltop9.com/best-photo-sharing-sites-list-2016/
Applications, such as Flickr, require Yahoo account registration. Therefore, if you

have a Yahoo email ID, you can use it to log into Flickr. A Flickr account holder
has the following benefits:
(a) A Flickr account provides the user 1 trillion bytes;
(b) The user can explore photos on Flickr in 360° with the Flickr virtual reality
app and Samsung Gear VR-powered by Oculus;
(c) The Commons is a community project that provides volunteers to help in
cataloguing world public photo archives;
(d) Camera finder provides a list of cameras used in the Flickr Community
regarding popularity, point and shoot cameras and popular camera phones; and
(e) Flickr blogs.
Google has its contribution in image sharing, and the application used was Picasa.
Picasa is no longer in use, and those who have a Picasa account can now view
images using Google Images. Google has decided to terminate Picasa to focus on
a single photo service in Google Photos. Google Photos is a smarter photo app that
works on mobile phones and the web. Google account holders who use
applications like Google+, Hangouts, Google Photos, Google Drive and Bloggers
will have their images archived. With this move, Google offers unlimited storage
space, provided the photo resolution is 16 megapixels and video resolution is 1080
pixels. For higher resolutions, users will have to consider buying more storage
because the storage counts against their free Google Drive quota of 15GB.

Instagram happens to be the top photo or image sharing application, maintaining

its 24th spot based on Alexa website ranking. Following closely is Pinterest which
is on the 29th spot.
4.6 VIDEOS
The use of videos in education has many benefits as shown in several decades of
research. For example, videos have made a great impact on teaching and learning,
and have played a role in flipped learning whereby learners can digest lecture
content at their own pace and explore the content more deeply during class time.
During the 80s and 90s, producing a video was an expensive task, considering the
equipment and workforce needed to get a video done. Now, making a video is
easy, especially with user-friendly software and gadgets like mobile phones and
notebooks. Producing, editing and sharing are now readily available and can be
done for free. You can even produce a video using your mobile phone.
There are some video websites that host videos based on subject matters like
education and business while others have a wide range of topics. To allow sharing
in the public domain, users are required to tag and describe the videos to ensure
user satisfaction and easy retrieval using search engines. However, these websites
sometimes charge a fee for high definition (HD) videos as they require more space
for hosting. Examples of such websites are like YouTube, Vimeo, TeacherTube and
Khan Academy (see Figure 4.3).
Figure 4.3: Popular video hosting sites

Source: https://www.brafton.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/videos_clip-
350x230.png

There are websites that allow users to edit videos online. Some of these websites
are listed in Table 4.3.
Table 4.3: Online Video Editors or Tools
Online Video Editor/Tool Description
Wevideo is a shared, collaborative online video-

editing website. A video project can be done in
groups in which users are given editing roles.
Another advantage is it has Google Drive app, and
thus allowing users to save their projects in Google
Drive.
Pixorial has all the features and tools for video

creation and editing. It is very user-friendly. This
application is also available to Androids and iPhone
users.
YouTube allows users to trim, cut, split and add

titles. YouTube allows users to use Creative
Commons videos, provided the videos have
attribution under the CC-by licence which will
automatically show the source videosÊ titles
underneath the video player.
You can create and animate your presentation in a

video format using PowToon. It has animated text
and cartoon features that make the presentation
effective in attracting studentsÊ attention. With a free
account, you are only provided 45 seconds of video
time to produce the video. If you need more time or
space, you can buy the full version.

ACTIVITY 4.2
Based on the description of videos as a Web 2.0 tool:
(a) Create a 10-minute video on any subject that can be used in your
presentation in class;
(b) Upload it to YouTube;
(c) Create tags to make your presentation visible in the search engine;
and
(d) Get your class members to comment or even like the video.
4.7 MICROBLOGGING
Microblogging is a popular form of blogging and a short messaging system. It
works best for people who are always on the move and can only post short
messages to the public, friends and followers.
Microblogging can provide short messages, pictures, videos and hyperlinks to

websites. This makes it even easier and more attractive to microblog than to read
blogs. We cannot be reading most of the blogs; so, with micro blogging, news blogs
and other websites that have Twitter accounts can carry shareable and relevant
information to reader or followers.
Microblogging is popular among users of mobile gadgets like mobile phones, iPads
and tablets because there is frequent social posting among users as most trends are
short. Some of the popular microblogging platforms are shown in Table 4.4.
Table 4.4: Microblogging
Microblogging Tool Description

Twitter Posting of messages using Twitter provides users
with some options such as to reply, retweet or
forward the tweet to friends, and to like the post or
message. The other option is to follow or unfollow
another user; if we unfollow, we will not get any more
tweet from the particular tweeter. One special feature
of Twitter is analytics. Analytics provides a user with
the number of impressions the tweet has reached, the
number of profile visits by other users and the
number of followers.

Tumblr Tumblr is another microblogging and social

networking platform which was developed in 2007, a
year after Twitter had been developed. The seven
types of items that can be posted on Tumblr are text,
photo, quotes, hyperlink, chat, video and audio.
Tumblr has 336 million mini blogs and the number is
increasing. Items are favoured and posted by users are
mostly videos and animated gifs that are all meant to
create an impression on the other users.
Instagram Instagram is a microblogging, photo sharing and social
networking platform. It was initially developed in 2010
by Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger as a mobile app. It
eventually grew in popularity and was bought over by
Facebook as an app on Facebook in 2012. Instagram
allows users to post images, videos and text with the
option of making them public or private. Instagram is
also available as an app in Play Store and Google Play.
Like the other apps, it is increasingly popular.
4.8 SHORT MESSAGING SYSTEM (SMS)

Short messaging system (SMS) is an incredibly popular application and a must
have for all mobile phones to send and receive text messages. SMS using the
service provided by your service provider is limited to text and sent through a
cellular data network, while multimedia messaging system (MMS) allows media
like videos, audios, images and ringtones to be sent. Service providers charge more
for MMS based on the size of the message sent.
Web 2.0 has led to the emergence of freeware, such as end-to-end encrypted instant
messaging applications for smartphones like Whatsapp, Telegram, WeChat, Line
and others. Most of these instant messaging applications are freeware. Each of
these has the edge over the other apps, and they are always in the aggressive mode
to ensure they get more followers and users. Let us look at some examples below.
(a) Whatsapp
Brian Acton and Jan Koum created Whatsapp in 2009. They were former
employees of Yahoo. Since its inception, it has gained popularity with over
one billion users all over the world. It works on both iOS (which works with
Apple products like iPad, iPod and iPhone) and Android platforms. With it,
you can send text messages with image, videos, documents, audio message,

voice calls, and end-to-end encrypted messages. With end-to-end

encryption, messages and calls are secure and only the people
communicating with each other can read or listen to them.
One of the latest features provided to users is web.whatsapp.com, which

makes it possible to use the application on the web, provided you have a
quick request (QR) scanner to get it detected on the web to use it on a PC,
notebook or tablet.
(b) Telegram
Telegram is a stiff competitor of Whatsapp. It is another instant messaging
application. Telegram was created in 2013 by two Russians brothers, Nikolai
and Pavel Durov. It is constantly creating lots of added services and
advantages over Whatsapp. Using Telegram, users can send messages and
files of any type (doc, mp3, zip) as well as create groups of 5000 members.
These functions make this instant messaging application like an application
with SMS and email combined.
Telegram is a cloud-based application, with seamless sync, making it

possible to be used on most gadgets at once. Data sent by Telegram has a
maximum capacity of 1.5 GB. The data can be saved not only on mobile
phones, but can also be kept in the cloud as well.
(c) WeChat
WeChat has almost 500 million users worldwide. This application can be
used on both iOS and Android platforms. It has more social features than
Whatsapp. WeChat allows users to send messages to individuals and groups
with up to 500 individuals. One of the unique features that this application
has is „friends radar‰ that helps in the search for friends nearby who are also
WeChat users. Finding contacts can also be done through e-mails, Facebook
as well as LinkedIn.
WeChat has games and fitness challenges using WeRun. WeChat users can
use animated stickers for expressions and share photos in the „moments‰
sections that resemble FacebookÊs newsfeed. For iOS users, WeChat has
added Apple music and iTunes support.

As a teacher, how would you use any of the SMS applications with your students
for teaching and learning? Figure 4.4 illustrates how BloomÊs taxonomy can be
applied in the digital context and environment.
Figure 4.4: BloomÊs digital taxonomy

Source: http://edorigami.wikispaces.com/file/view/Bloom%27s_Digital_Taxonomy.
jpg/52070723/800x610/Bloom%27s_Digital_Taxonomy.jpg

4.9 WEB CONFERENCING

Web conferencing (refer to Figure 4.5) has been made possible with Internet
technology and web cameras.
Figure 4.5: A video conferencing session

Source: http://www.chip.com.my/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Logitech-GROUP-2-
600x300.png
This platform requires software that are able to capture presentersÊ screen sharing
images, voice and their PowerPoint slides, which are the focus or subject matter
for web conferencing. Web conferencing is used for seminars, conferences,
meetings, lectures or training events. This software makes it possible to handle
long distance communication, which helps to reduce cost. Through this service,
we can have a one-to-one session or a multicast session from one sender to many
viewers or receivers.
As a word of caution, especially when you need to have any of these sessions for
meetings, seminars or lectures, do ensure that a test run is done to check the
Internet connection and the transmission of the session if it needs to go live. As for
delayed transmission, there is a need to ensure the recording is done with good
quality video image and sound.

Some features of web conferencing software include:

(a) Slide presentations;
(b) Application sharing, such as in a multicast session, participants can
manipulate the presenterÊs slide or spreadsheet;
(c) Web browsing in multicast sessions;
(d) File sharing; and
(e) Text messaging.
Online web conference involves webinars or web seminars and webcasts. These
require software, and their performance have been rated based on usersÊ satisfaction
and market share, vendor size and social impact. Some of the software are WebEx,
GoToMeeting, Skype, join.me, Google Hangouts, Zoom, ClearSlide, GoToWebinar,
appear.in and many more.
4.10 AGGREGATION
RSS stands for „rich site summary‰ or „real simple syndication‰. RSS are tools that
are available on websites and blogs. Its function is to provide updated headlines,
content and news, and to help users or subscribers manage, organise and get
updated information from their favourite websites or blogs.
An aggregator/reader will list a web page with all the additions and changes to
websites to which a user has „subscribed‰. It is an application that can help to
organise and manage what the user wants and saves the user from going to
websites of interest for fresh content. Such applications are called RSS readers or
feed aggregators. Therefore, what the user needs to do is to subscribe to the RSS
and see the changes in an aggregator.
Some of the web-based readers are like Feedly (refer to Figure 4.6). Feedly allows
the user to decide on the topic and keywords, which can be categorised based on
the number of topics or even keywords that are needed. Once done, Feedly will
bring to the user or the PC, notebook or handphone the latest feeds.

Figure 4.6: Feedly interface

Source: https://devhd.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/screen-shot-2013-03-21-at-10-51-08-
pm.png
Teachers can use this tool to get the latest feeds on any topics like „higher order
thinking skills‰, „flipped classroom‰ or „cooperative learning‰.
ACTIVITY 4.3
As a teacher, think of the tools you can use for teaching and learning.
Discuss how your students will benefit and share with your coursemates
in the myINSPIRE forum.
4.11 GAMES, VIRTUAL WORLDS AND

SIMULATION
Let us ponder on this quote. Do you agree with it?
„I hear, and I forget. I see, and I remember. I do, and I understand.‰

(Confucius)
Educators are facing pressure to adopt innovative methods in teaching and

learning. The issue applies to declining standards of achievement, literacy and
declining grades in Science and Mathematics. In our effort to uplift the standards
of the students, it is important to know our students, their likings, their ability, and
their learning styles.
The learning process in primary and secondary school often utilises several
approaches, with some relying on self-paced materials and preparing for
examinations. When students are at home, they are mostly busy playing with their
gadgets. There is a need to merge the school and home experience and synchronise
with the topics that are being taught.
„Traditional educational methods thus have little appeal to todayÊs digital

generation who possess visual literacy skills and want their learning to be fun.
Educators, in turn, have an obligation to cater to the interests and needs of the
present-day generation and introduce gaming technology into the curriculum.‰
(Chaudhary, 2008)
There are many different and innovative ways to use gaming to support learning
and teaching at schools and universities. Gaming uses computers, video games,
websites, television programmes and so on.
Another innovative way that supports learning is the use of simulation via
computer programmes. Simulation technology is used widely in military training,
medical training and the aviation industry.
The virtual world presents digital game-based learning (DGBL), which is another
related concept that has been the trend in recent years. It connotes the general use
of games in education. DGBL is interactive and engaging, and is up-and-coming
as the next generation learning. Games should be integrated into the curriculum.
It is important to understand what types of games can promote the desired
learning outcomes. Some examples are given in Table 4.5.
Table 4.5: Types of Games and Their Benefits
Type of Game Benefit

Card games Promote memorisation, pattern recognition and concept matching.
Examples:
• Solitaire
• https://www.education.com/slideshow/card-games-second-
grade-math/
Jeopardy-style Encourage quick mobilisation of facts, labels and concrete concepts.
games Examples:
• http://www.superteachertools.us/jeopardyx/
• https://jeopardylabs.com /

Arcade-style These games are like coin-operated jukebox or entertainment

games machine which is installed in public places. Now they are in in the
form of video games. These games are good for improving speed of
response and visual processing.
Examples:
• http://www.arcademics.com/
• https://www.funbrain.com/kidscenter.html
Adventure Useful for promoting hypothesis testing and problem solving.
games Examples:
• http://textadventures.co.uk/games/tag/educational
• https://www.classcraft.com/
Games, virtual reality and simulation are used as learning tools to help students
understand subject matters or topics.
„Virtual worlds, games and simulations exist on a continuum from real-life

situations to augmented and virtual reality. Once these can be developed on a
scale large enough to reduce the costs and technical requirements, the digital
divide might be bridged so that more individuals could have the opportunity to
participate in these virtual experiences, thereby affecting education and training
around the planet.‰
(Bonk, 2009)
Virtual reality and simulations can be part of the education agenda if private
organisations and non-governmental organisations can help in making this a
success. Areas covered can be Science, Mathematics and technical subjects.
Private organisations should take this initiative up as a corporate social
responsibility exercise.
SELF-CHECK 4.2
1. Identify the Web 2.0 tools that will help teachers in making
learning fun.
2. Identify one of these tools and elaborate on its pros and cons.

• Web 1.0 is considered a „read-only Web‰.
• Web 2.0 is a new way of creating, collaborating, sharing and editing user
content online. Web 2.0 has made it easier for teachers, students and parents to
collaborate and share resources.
• Most of the Web 2.0 tools like blogs, wiki, social bookmarking, audio and
podcasting, image sharing etc. have features that allow creating, editing and
sharing.
• Web 2.0 tools can help teachers in acquiring the latest updates on a particular
topic for teaching and learning.
• Games, virtual reality and simulation are interactive and engaging, and up-
and-coming as the next generation of e-learning. The interactive characteristic
of games enables students to connect with the subject matter being taught in
class enthusiastically).
Aggregation Social bookmarking

Audio and podcasting Social networking
Blogs Video
Games Web 1.0
Image sharing Web 2.0
Simulation Web conferencing
SMS Wiki

Bonk, C. J. (2009). The world is open: How web technology is revolutionizing

education. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Chaudhary, A. G. (2008). Digital game-based learning – Future of education?

Pranjana: The Journal of Management Awareness, 11 (2), 1–15.
Maloy, R. W., Verock-OÊLoughlin, R. E., Edwards, S. A., & Woolf, B. P. (2014).

Transforming learning with new technologies. Boston, MA: Pearson.
Podcasting in plain English. Retrieved from https://vimeo.com/926896
Sahin, M. C., & Namli, N. A. (2016). Gamification and effects on studentsÊ Science
lesson achievement. International Journal on New Trends in Education &
Their Implications (IJONTE), 7 (1), 41–47.

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Available Formats

Topic  Web 2.

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Let us continue with the lesson!

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The following are some examples of blogs by educators:

Discuss the differences between Web 1.0 and Web 2.0.

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Table 4.1: Popular Wikis

Name Focus Notes

4.3 SOCIAL BOOKMARKING

Bookmarking is an application that is available on Internet browsers like Google

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Figure 4.1: Social bookmarking sites

Social bookmarking helps users to generate traffic to their websites. Therefore, if

4.4 AUDIO AND PODCASTING

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Microphone  Although PC and Mac have their built-in

The four features that make podcasting popular are:

4.5 IMAGE SHARING

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Figure 4.2: Popular image sharing applications

Applications, such as Flickr, require Yahoo account registration. Therefore, if you

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Instagram happens to be the top photo or image sharing application, maintaining

Figure 4.3: Popular video hosting sites

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Online Video Editor/Tool Description

Wevideo is a shared, collaborative online video-

Pixorial has all the features and tools for video

YouTube allows users to trim, cut, split and add

You can create and animate your presentation in a

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Microblogging can provide short messages, pictures, videos and hyperlinks to

Table 4.4: Microblogging

Microblogging Tool Description

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Tumblr Tumblr is another microblogging and social

4.8 SHORT MESSAGING SYSTEM (SMS)

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voice calls, and end-to-end encrypted messages. With end-to-end

One of the latest features provided to users is web.whatsapp.com, which

Telegram is a cloud-based application, with seamless sync, making it

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Figure 4.4: BloomÊs digital taxonomy

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4.9 WEB CONFERENCING

Figure 4.5: A video conferencing session

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Some features of web conferencing software include:

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Figure 4.6: Feedly interface

4.11 GAMES, VIRTUAL WORLDS AND

„I hear, and I forget. I see, and I remember. I do, and I understand.‰

Educators are facing pressure to adopt innovative methods in teaching and

„Traditional educational methods thus have little appeal to todayÊs digital

Table 4.5: Types of Games and Their Benefits

Type of Game Benefit

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