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    This document contains instructions and questions for a final exam in linear and bilinear algebra. It includes 5 questions testing various concepts such as solving systems of linear equations using Gaussian elimination, computing determinants, finding bases and dimensions of kernels for linear transformations, performing Gram-Schmidt orthonormalization, and computing eigenvalues and eigenvectors. The answer key provides detailed solutions and working for each part of each question.

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    This document contains instructions and questions for a final exam in linear and bilinear algebra. It includes 5 questions testing various concepts such as solving systems of linear equations using Gaussian elimination, computing determinants, finding bases and dimensions of kernels for linear transformations, performing Gram-Schmidt orthonormalization, and computing eigenvalues and eigenvectors. The answer key provides detailed solutions and working for each part of each question.

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    This document contains instructions and questions for a final exam in linear and bilinear algebra. It includes 5 questions testing various concepts such as solving systems of linear equations using Gaussian elimination, computing determinants, finding bases and dimensions of kernels for linear transformations, performing Gram-Schmidt orthonormalization, and computing eigenvalues and eigenvectors. The answer key provides detailed solutions and working for each part of each question.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    21 views4 pages

    Untitled

    Uploaded by

    01 Reroll
    This document contains instructions and questions for a final exam in linear and bilinear algebra. It includes 5 questions testing various concepts such as solving systems of linear equations using Gaussian elimination, computing determinants, finding bases and dimensions of kernels for linear transformations, performing Gram-Schmidt orthonormalization, and computing eigenvalues and eigenvectors. The answer key provides detailed solutions and working for each part of each question.

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    of 4

    University of Science and Technology of Academic year: 2019–2020

    Hanoi
    *** Date: 06/02/2020 Time: 120 mins Total Student’s name:
    marks: 20
    Final examination Important instructions ...........................

    Subject: Linear and Bilinear Algebra 1. Notes, books, calculators and electronic devices ...........................
    are not permitted.
    Subject code: 2. Show your work with detailed calculations and ...........................
    arguments to get full marks for these questions!
    Good luck!
    Exam code: N◦ of pages: Student’s ID:
    Signatures Academic Coordinator: Lecturer (or Head of Subject) : ............................

    1. Consider the following system of linear equations


    x+ y+ z= 4
    x + 2y + 4z = 12
    2x − 3y − mz = m + 3

    (a) (3 marks) For m = 1, solve the system by using Gauss-Jordan elimination method.
    (b) (1 mark) Find m such that the system has no solution.

    2. Given the following matrix  


    2 1 1 1
    1 1 −2 −5
    A= 
    2 1 0 −3
    3 −1 0 k
    (a) (3 marks) Find det(A).
    (b) (1 mark) Find the value(s) of k such that the rank of A is minimum.
    3. Let T : R4 → R2 be a linear transformation defined by
    T (x, y, z, w) = (x + y + z − w, 2x + 3y + z − 2w).

    (a) (1 mark ) Find the standard matrix of T .


    (b) (3 marks ) Find a basis and compute the dimension of the kernel of T .

    4. Let B = {(1, 1, 1), (−1, 1, 0), (1, 2, 1)} be a basis for R3 .

    (a) (3 marks) Use the Gram-Schmidt orthonormalization process to transform B into an orthonor-
    mal basis B 00 for R3 .
    (b) (1 mark) Write x = ( 12 , −2, 3) as a linear combination of the vectors in B 00 .

    5. Let A denote the matrix  


    2 −1 −1
    A = −1 2 −1
    −1 −1 2
    (a) (1 mark) Find all the eigenvalues of A.
    (b) (1 mark) Find an orthonormal basis for R3 consisting of eigenvectors of A.
    (c) (1 mark) Find a 3×3 orthorgonal matrix P and a 3×3 diagonal matrix D such that P T AP = D.
    (d) (1 mark) Compute Ak for any integer k.
    (Hint: Use the equality P T AP = D in part (c) and the orthogonality of P (i.e. the property
    P T P = P P T = I).)
    ANSWER KEY
       
    1 1 1 | 4 1 0 0 | 2
    1. (a) 1 2 4 | 12 −→ 0 1 0 | −1 .
    2 −3 −1 | 4 0 0 1 | 3
    ⇒ x = 2, y = −1, z = 3.
       
    1 1 1 | 4 1 1 1 | 4
    (b) 1 2
     4 | 12  −→ 0 1
     3 | 8 .
    2 −3 −m | m + 3 0 0 −m + 13 | m + 35
    The system has no solution iff m = 13.

    2 1 1 1 1 1 −2 −5 1 1 −2 −5

    1 1 −2 −5
    1 −5 −11
    2 1 1 1 = − 0
    −1 5 11

    2. (a) |A| = = − = 1 −4 −7 =
    2 1 0 −3
    2 1
    0 −3 0 −1 4 7
    3 −1 0 3 −1 0
    4 −6 −k − 15
    k k 0 −4 6 k + 15
    −k − 27

    (b) The rank of matrix is minimum when |A| = 0 or k = −27.

    3. (a) The standard matrix of T is  


    1 1 1 −1
    A= .
    2 3 1 −2
    (b)

    x+y+z−w =0
    2x + 3y + z − 2w = 0

    is equivalent to

    x+y+z−w =0
    y−z =0

    Let z = s, w = t we have y = s, x = −2s + t. So (x, y, z, w) ∈ ker(T ) if and only if (x, y, z, w) =


    (−2s + t, s, s, t) = s(−2, 1, 1, 0) + t(1, 0, 0, 1). Hence v1 = (−2, 1, 1, 0) and v2 = (1, 0, 0, 1) form
    a basis of ker(T ), and therefore the dimension of kernel of T is 2.

    4. (a) w1 = v1 = (1, 1, 1)
    w2 = v2 − wv21.w
    .w1 w1 = (−1, 1, 0)
    1

    v3 .w1 v3 .w2
    w3 = v 3 − w1 .w1 w1 − w2 .w2 w2 = (1, 2, 1) − 43 (1, 1, 1) − 12 (−1, 1, 0) = ( 61 , 16 , − 13 ).
    B 0 = {w1 , w2 , w3 } is an orthogonal basis for R3 .
    w1
    u1 = kw 1k
    = ( √13 , √13 , √13 )
    w2
    u2 = kw2 k = (− √12 , √12 , 0)
    w3
    u3 = kw3 k = ( √16 , √16 , − √26 )
    B 00 = {u1 , u2 , u3 } is an orthonormal basis for R3 .
    (b) Since B 00 = {u1 , u2 , u3 } is an orthornormal basis for R3 we have
    √
    3 5 15
    x = (x.u1 )u1 + (x.u2 )u2 + (x.u3 )u3 = u1 − √ u2 − √ u3 .
    2 2 2 2 6

    5. (a) The characteristic polynomial of A is det(tI − A) = t(t2 − 6t + 9) = t(t − 3)2 .


    So, the eigenvalues of A are 0 (with multiplicity 1) and 3 (with multiplicity 2).
    (b) For the eigenvalue 0, to find corresponding eigenvector we solve the system
         
    2 −1 −1 x1 0
    −1 2 −1 . x2  = 0
    −1 −1 2 x3 0
    Using Gausian elimination
       
    2 −1 −1 1 −1/2 −1/2
    −1 2 −1 −→ 0 1 −1  .
    −1 −1 2 0 0 0
    So, the leading variables are x1 , x2 and free variable is x3 . The system has the solution
     
    1
    s. 1
    1
    and therefore  
    1
    1
    1
    is an eigenvector corresponding to the eigenvalue 0. Normalizing it we get
     √ 
    1/√3
    v1 = 1/√3

    1/ 3

    For the eigenvalue 3, to find corresponding eigenvector we solve the system


         
    1 1 1 x1 0
    1 1 1 . x2  = 0
    1 1 1 x3 0
    Using Gausian elimination
       
    1 1 1 1 1 1
    1 1 1 −→ 0 0 0
    1 1 1 0 0 0
    So, the leading variable is x1 and free variables are x2 , x3 . And the system has solutions
         
    −s − t −1 −1
     s  = s.  1  + t.  0 
    t 0 1

    So, we get the basis of the eigenspace of 3 is


       
    −1 −1
     1  and  0 
    0 1

    Applying Gram-Schmidt process we get orthogonal basis for this eigenspace consisiting of
     √   √ 
    −1/√ 2 −1/√6
    v2 =  1/ 2  and v3 = −1/√ 6
    0 2/ 6
    So, {v1 , v2 , v3 } is an orthonormal basis of R3 consisting of eigenvectors of A.
    (c) From the part (b) we get
     √ √ √   
    1/√3 −1/√ 2 −1/√6 0 0 0
    P = 1/√3 1/ 2 −1/√ 6 and D = 0 3 0
    1/ 3 0 2/ 6 0 0 3

    (d) From P T AP = D we get (P T AP )k = Dk =⇒ P T Ak P = Dk =⇒ Ak = P Dk P T (since P is


    orthogonal). Hence
     √ √ √    √1 √1 √1
      
    1/√3 −1/√ 2 −1/√6 0 0 0 3 3 3 2 −1 −1
    Ak = 1/√3 1/ 2 −1/√ 6 0 3 0 − √12 √1 0 =3
    k−1 
    −1 2 −1 .

    2
    0 0 3 1 1 2 −1 −1 2
    1/ 3 0 2/ 6 − √6 − √6 √6

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