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    Non-Mendelian Notes Edited

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    Mary Grace Sunio
    The document discusses four types of non-Mendelian inheritance: 1. Co-dominance, where both alleles for a trait are expressed equally in a heterozygote. 2. Incomplete dominance, where the heterozygote phenotype is intermediate between the homozygotes. 3. Multiple alleles, where more than two alleles exist for a single gene, such as the ABO blood type genes. 4. Gene interactions, as with skin pigmentation genes in humans where genes have an additive effect on phenotype.

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    Non-Mendelian Notes Edited

    Uploaded by

    Mary Grace Sunio
    14 views2 pages
    The document discusses four types of non-Mendelian inheritance: 1. Co-dominance, where both alleles for a trait are expressed equally in a heterozygote. 2. Incomplete dominance, where the heterozygote phenotype is intermediate between the homozygotes. 3. Multiple alleles, where more than two alleles exist for a single gene, such as the ABO blood type genes. 4. Gene interactions, as with skin pigmentation genes in humans where genes have an additive effect on phenotype.

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    The document discusses four types of non-Mendelian inheritance: 1. Co-dominance, where both alleles for a trait are expressed equally in a heterozygote. 2. Incomplete dominance, where the heterozygote phenotype is intermediate between the homozygotes. 3. Multiple alleles, where more than two alleles exist for a single gene, such as the ABO blood type genes. 4. Gene interactions, as with skin pigmentation genes in humans where genes have an additive effect on phenotype.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    14 views2 pages

    Non-Mendelian Notes Edited

    Uploaded by

    Mary Grace Sunio
    The document discusses four types of non-Mendelian inheritance: 1. Co-dominance, where both alleles for a trait are expressed equally in a heterozygote. 2. Incomplete dominance, where the heterozygote phenotype is intermediate between the homozygotes. 3. Multiple alleles, where more than two alleles exist for a single gene, such as the ABO blood type genes. 4. Gene interactions, as with skin pigmentation genes in humans where genes have an additive effect on phenotype.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    Non-Mendelian Inheritance

     Mendelian inheritance patterns involve genes that directly influence the outcome of an organism’s traits and
    obey Mendel’s laws.

     Most genes in eukaryotic species follow a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. However, there are many that do
    not.

     Non-Mendelian Inheritance is a general term that refers to any pattern of inheritance in which traits do not
    segregate in accordance with Mendel’s laws. These laws describe the inheritance of traits linked to
    single genes on chromosomes in the nucleus.

    1. Co-dominance

     Co-dominance is believed to be a violation of the Law of Dominance.

     When the alleles for a particular trait are co-dominant, they are both expressed equally rather than a dominant
    allele taking complete control over a recessive allele.

     This means that when an organism has two different alleles (i.e., is a heterozygote), it will express both at the
    same time.

    Example

    Speckled flowers where the plant


    breeder has bred two
    different colors of flower
    together, resulting in a speckled
    hybrid that has patches of
    color from both parents.
    2. Incomplete Dominance

     Sometimes in a heterozygote dominant allele does not completely mask the phenotypic expression of the
    recessive allele and there occurs an intermediate phenotype in the heterozygote. This is called incomplete
    dominance.

     With co-dominant alleles, both traits are expressed at the same time. With incomplete dominance, the same
    thing occur but the traits are blended together rather than occurring in discrete patches.

     It thus refers to the condition in heterozygotes where the phenotype is intermediate between the two
    homozygotes.

    Example:

    In some plants the cross of red and white produces pink-flowered progeny
    (Four-o’clock plants (Mirabilis jalapa) or snapdragons (Antirrhinum majus).

    Davenport (1913) in Jamaica found that two pairs of genes, A-a and B-b cause the difference in skin pigmentation
    between negro and caucasian people. These genes were found to affect the character in additive fashion.

    Thus, a true negro has four dominant genes, AABB, and a white has four recessive genes aabb. The F1 offspring of
    mating of aabb with AABB, are all AaBb and have an intermediate skin colour termed mulatto. A mating of two such
    mulattoes produces a wide variety of skin colour in the offspring, ranging from skins as dark as the original negro parent
    to as white as the original white parent.

    4. Multiple Alleles

     Mendel studied just two alleles of his pea genes, but real populations often have multiple alleles of a given gene.

    a. An example is ABO blood type in humans.

    There are three common alleles for the gene that controls this characteristic. The alleles I A and IB are dominant over i. A
    person who is homozygous recessive ii has type O blood. Homozygous dominant IAIA or heterozygous dominant IA i have
    type A blood, and homozygous dominant IBIB or heterozygous dominant IB i have type B blood. IAIB people have type AB
    blood, because the A and B alleles are co-dominant. Type A and type B parents can have a type AB child. Type A and type
    B parents can also have a child with Type O blood, if they are both heterozygous (I B i, IA i).

    Type A blood: IAIA, IA i

    Type B blood: IB IB, IB i

    Type AB blood: IAIB

    Type O blood: ii

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