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    02 Energy and Mass Transfers in Ecosystems - Rev02

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    GRAZIELLA CZARINA MARIE LABRADOR
    This lecture discusses ecosystems, including defining ecosystem components, food chains and webs, energy flow between trophic levels, and biogeochemical cycles. It introduces key topics like producers and consumers, ecological pyramids showing energy transfer efficiency, and how carbon, water, and nitrogen cycle through ecosystems. The objectives are to define ecosystems, differentiate food chains from webs, describe organism energy acquisition and efficiency of transfers between trophic levels, and explain major biogeochemical cycles.

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    02 Energy and Mass Transfers in Ecosystems - Rev02

    Uploaded by

    GRAZIELLA CZARINA MARIE LABRADOR
    28 views21 pages
    This lecture discusses ecosystems, including defining ecosystem components, food chains and webs, energy flow between trophic levels, and biogeochemical cycles. It introduces key topics like producers and consumers, ecological pyramids showing energy transfer efficiency, and how carbon, water, and nitrogen cycle through ecosystems. The objectives are to define ecosystems, differentiate food chains from webs, describe organism energy acquisition and efficiency of transfers between trophic levels, and explain major biogeochemical cycles.

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    environmental science energy and mass transfer

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    02 Energy and Mass Transfers in Ecosystems_rev02

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    This lecture discusses ecosystems, including defining ecosystem components, food chains and webs, energy flow between trophic levels, and biogeochemical cycles. It introduces key topics like producers and consumers, ecological pyramids showing energy transfer efficiency, and how carbon, water, and nitrogen cycle through ecosystems. The objectives are to define ecosystems, differentiate food chains from webs, describe organism energy acquisition and efficiency of transfers between trophic levels, and explain major biogeochemical cycles.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    28 views21 pages

    02 Energy and Mass Transfers in Ecosystems - Rev02

    Uploaded by

    GRAZIELLA CZARINA MARIE LABRADOR
    This lecture discusses ecosystems, including defining ecosystem components, food chains and webs, energy flow between trophic levels, and biogeochemical cycles. It introduces key topics like producers and consumers, ecological pyramids showing energy transfer efficiency, and how carbon, water, and nitrogen cycle through ecosystems. The objectives are to define ecosystems, differentiate food chains from webs, describe organism energy acquisition and efficiency of transfers between trophic levels, and explain major biogeochemical cycles.

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    of 21

    IMPORTANT NOTE

    This material is for your own use only.


    Respect of the intellectual property
    rights of the author of this material,
    including references, is highly
    requested.

    DO NOT SHARE OR POST this material


    or any part of it to other media
    platforms.
    ENG 2013 | MODULE 2

    ECOSYSTEMS
    Energy & Mass Flow
    Nutrients Cycles

    Engr. Marvin L. Samaniego, M.Sc.


    Engr. Divine G. Sumalinog, Ph.D.
    Course Instructors
    UST Chemical Engineering Department
    Lecture Objectives
     Define ecosystem and identify the parts of ecosystem.

     Differentiate food chain from food web and recognize


    their importance.

     Describe how organism acquire energy in a food web.

     Explain the efficiency of energy transfers between


    trophic levels in ecosystem.

     Describe how water, carbon, and nitrogen cycle


    through ecosystem.
    Ecosystem
    System
    a set of things working together as parts
    of a mechanism or an interconnecting
    network. –Oxford Dictionary

    Ecosystem = ecological system


    a community and its physical
    environment treated together as a
    functional system
    Or more simply
    Ecosystem
    Composed of organisms and physical
    environment of a specified area.
    Rules of Ecology
    By Barry Commoner

    1. Everything is connected to everything else.

    2. Everything must go somewhere.

    3. Everything is always changing.

    4. There is no such thing as free lunch.

    5. Everything has limits.


    Interactions
    Biomes
    Ecosystem Food Webs

    Community
    Producers Consumers
    Population

    Individual
    Bohol Mangrove Forest

    Biotic Factors Abiotic Factors


    Philippines (all living organisms) (physical variables in an
    organisms environment)
    Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plants, Temperature, Water, Sunlight,
    Animals Wind, Soil, Distrubance
    Organisms in an Ecosystem
    Tertiary Consumers
    “top carnivores”

    Secondary Consumers
    carnivores

    Primary Consumers
    herbivores

    Producers
    Photosynthetic plants, algae, bacteria

    Terrestrial Aquatic
    Food Chain

    Problems
    • Rarely are things as
    simple as linear
    • Too simple
    sequence of
    • No detritivores – organisms
    invertebrates that feed on
    organic waste and dead
    organisms • Typically, there are
    multiple interactions -
    • Chains too long
    FOOD WEB
    Food Web

    Carnivore

    Consumers
    Omnivore

    Herbivore

    Producers
    Decomposers
    Detritivore
    Energy Flow

    Tertiary Consumers
    Decreasing available energy level

    Secondary Consumers

    Primary Consumers

    Producers

    Energy Source
    Ecological Pyramid
    Energy Transfer

    Sun

    Producers
    Chemicals
    Respiration
    Ecological
    Pyramid Consumers

    Trophic
    Consumers
    Levels
    Efficiency
    Consumers
    Energetics
    Study of transformation of energy in living organisms

    CO2 O2 CO2

    H2O C6H12O6 H2O

    Photosynthesis Respiration
    𝟐 𝟐 𝟔 𝟏𝟐 𝟔 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟔 𝟏𝟐 𝟔 𝟐
    Ecological Pyramid
    How efficient is the transfer of energy from one trophic level to next?

    .1%

    10% energy 1%

    rule in Heat
    ecological
    efficiency 10%

    100%
    Ecological Pyramid
    Ecological Efficiency
    (proportion to the next level)

    C3=21 5.5% Top carnivores

    Detritivores and C2=383 11.4% Primary carnivores


    decomposers

    24.2% D=5060 C1=3368 16.1% Herbivores

    P=20,810 Producers
    Silver Springs, Florida (kcal/m2 yr)
    Biogeochemical Cycles

    Matter Conserved

    Atmosphere
    Biosphere Biotic Abiotic Hydrosphere
    Lithosphere

    CHNOPS
    Biogeochemical
    Cycles

    Water Nitrogen
    Cycle Carbon Cycle
    Cycle
    Mass Transfer
    How does plant get the
    Matter is
    matter they need? Atmosphere CONSERVED
    From the atmosphere,
    hydrosphere, and
    lithosphere

    Hydrosphere

    How does matter go


    How does consumers
    back into the
    get the matter they
    environment?
    need?

    Lithosphere Through these


    By eating plants and/or
    biogeochemical cycles
    other consumers
    Water Cycle
    Carbon Cycle
    Nitrogen Cycle
    ENG 2013 | MODULE 2

    ECOSYSTEMS
    Energy & Mass Flow
    Nutrients Cycles

    END OF LECTURE

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