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1. (a) Show that x2 + 6x + 11 can be written as

(x + p)2 + q

where p and q are integers to be found.

(2)

(b) In the space at the top of page 7, sketch the curve with equation y = x2 + 6x + 11,
showing clearly any intersections with the coordinate axes.
(2)

(c) Find the value of the discriminant of x2 + 6x + 11

(2)
(Total 6 marks)

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C1 Algebra: Quadratics – Questions 2

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2. (a) On the axes below sketch the graphs of

(i) y = x (4 – x)

(ii) y = x2 (7 – x)

showing clearly the coordinates of the points where the curves cross the coordinate
axes.

(5)

(b) Show that the x-coordinates of the points of intersection of

y = x (4 – x) and y = x2 (7 – x)

are given by the solutions to the equation x(x2 – 8x + 4) = 0

(3)

The point A lies on both of the curves and the x and y coordinates of A are both positive.

(c) Find the exact coordinates of A, leaving your answer in the form (p + q√3, r + s√3),
where p, q, r and s are integers.
(7)
(Total 15 marks)

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C1 Algebra: Quadratics – Questions 3

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3. f(x) = x2 + 4kx + (3 + 11k), where k is a constant.

(a) Express f(x) in the form (x + p)2 + q, where p and q are constants to be found in terms
of k.
(3)

Given that the equation f(x) = 0 has no real roots,

(b) find the set of possible values of k.

(4)

Given that k = 1,

(c) sketch the graph of y = f(x), showing the coordinates of any point at which the graph
crosses a coordinate axis.
(3)
(Total 10 marks)

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4. The equation x2 + 3px + p = 0, where p is a non-zero constant, has equal roots.

Find the value of p.

(Total 4 marks)

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C1 Algebra: Quadratics – Questions 4

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5. (a) Factorise completely x3 – 6x2 + 9x

(3)

(b) Sketch the curve with equation

y = x3 – 6x2 + 9x

showing the coordinates of the points at which the curve meets the x-axis.
(4)

Using your answer to part (b), or otherwise,

(c) sketch, on a separate diagram, the curve with equation

y = (x – 2)3 – 6(x – 2)2 + 9(x – 2)

showing the coordinates of the points at which the curve meets the x-axis.
(2)
(Total 9 marks)

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6. The equation kx 2 + 4 x + (5 − k ) = 0 , where k is a constant, has 2 different real solutions for x.

(a) Show that k satisfies

k 2 − 5k + 4 > 0.
(3)

(b) Hence find the set of possible values of k.

(4)
(Total 7 marks)

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C1 Algebra: Quadratics – Questions 5

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7. Given that the equation 2qx2 + qx – 1 = 0, where q is a constant, has no real roots,

(a) show that q2 + 8q < 0.

(2)

(b) Hence find the set of possible values of q.

(3)
(Total 5 marks)

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8. The equation

x2 + kx + 8 = k

has no real solutions for x.

(a) Show that k satisfies k2 + 4k – 32 < 0.

(3)

(b) Hence find the set of possible values of k.

(4)
(Total 7 marks)

9. Find the set of values of x for which

x 2 – 7x – 18 > 0.
(Total 4 marks)

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10. The equation x2 + 2px + (3p + 4) = 0, where p is a positive constant, has equal roots.

(a) Find the value of p.

(4)

(b) For this value of p, solve the equation x2 + 2px + (3p + 4) = 0.

(2)
(Total 6 marks)

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C1 Algebra: Quadratics – Questions 6

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11.

x2 + 2x + 3 ≡ (x + a)2 + b.

(a) Find the values of the constants a and b.

(2)

(b) In the space provided below, sketch the graph of y = x2 + 2x + 3, indicating clearly the
coordinates of any intersections with the coordinate axes.
(3)

(c) Find the value of the discriminant of x2 + 2x + 3. Explain how the sign of the
discriminant relates to your sketch in part (b).
(2)

The equation x2 + kx + 3 = 0, where k is a constant, has no real roots.

(d) Find the set of possible values of k, giving your answer in surd form.

(4)
(Total 11 marks)

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C1 Algebra: Quadratics – Questions 7

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12.
y

C
A

P
R

O Q x

The diagram above shows part of the curve C with equation y = x2 – 6x + 18. The curve meets
the y-axis at the point A and has a minimum at the point P.

(a) Express x2 – 6x + 18 in the form (x – a)2 + b, where a and b are integers.

(3)

(b) Find the coordinates of P.

(2)

(c) Find an equation of the tangent to C at A.

(4)

The tangent to C at A meets the x-axis at the point Q.

(d) Verify that PQ is parallel to the y-axis.

(1)

The shaded region R in the diagram is enclosed by C, the tangent at A and the line PQ.

(e) Use calculus to find the area of R.

(5)
(Total 15 marks)

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C1 Algebra: Quadratics – Questions 8

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13. Given that the equation kx2 + 12x + k = 0, where k is a positive constant, has equal roots, find
the value of k.
(Total 4 marks)

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14. Given that f(x) = x2 – 6x + 18, x ≥ 0,

(a) express f(x) in the form (x – a)2 + b, where a and b are integers.
(3)

The curve C with equation y = f(x), x ≥ 0, meets the y-axis at P and has a minimum point at Q.

(b) Sketch the graph of C, showing the coordinates of P and Q.

(4)

The line y = 41 meets C at the point R.

(c) Find the x-coordinate of R, giving your answer in the form p + q√2, where p and q are
integers.
(5)
(Total 12 marks)

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15. f(x) = x2 – kx + 9, where k is a constant.

(a) Find the set of values of k for which the equation f(x) = 0 has no real solutions.
(4)

Given that k = 4,

(b) express f(x) in the form (x – p)2 + q, where p and q are constants to be found,
(3)

(c) write down the minimum value of f(x) and the value of x for which this occurs.
(2)
(Total 9 marks)

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C1 Algebra: Quadratics – Questions 9

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16. (a) Solve the equation 4x2 + 12x = 0.

(3)

f(x) = 4x2 + 12x + c, where c is a constant.

(b) Given that f(x) = 0 has equal roots, find the value of c and hence solve f(x) = 0.
(4)
(Total 7 marks)

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C1 Algebra: Quadratics – Questions 10

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6
1. (a) 2 or p = 3 or B1
( x + 3) +2 2
q=2 B1 2
Note

Ignore an “=0” so (x + 3)2 + 2 = 0 can score both marks

(b)

U shape with min in 2nd quad

(Must be above x-axis and not on y = axis) B1
U shape crossing y-axis at (0, 11) only
(Condone (11,0) marked on y-axis) B1 2

Note
The U shape can be interpreted fairly generously. Penalise an
obvious V on 1st B1 only.
The U needn’t have equal “arms” as long as there is a clear min
that “holds water”
1 B1 for U shape with minimum in 2nd quad. Curve need not cross
st
the y-axis but minimum should NOT touch x-axis and should
be left of (not on) y-axis
2nd B1for U shaped curve crossing at (0, 11). Just 11 marked on y-axis
is fine. The point must be marked on the sketch (do not allow
from a table of values) Condone stopping at (0, 11)

(c) b 2 − 4ac = 62 − 4 ×11 M1

= −8 A1 2

C1 Algebra: Quadratics – Mark Schemes 11

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Note

M1 for some correct substitution into b2 – 4ac. This may be as part

of the quadratic formula but must be in part (c) and must be
only numbers (no x terms present).
Substitution into b2 < 4ac or b2 = 4ac or b2 > 4ac is M0
A1 for – 8 only.
If they write – 8 < 0 treat the < 0 as ISW and award A1
If they write – 8 ≥ 0 then score A0
A substitution in the quadratic formula leading to – 8 inside
the square root is A0.
So substituting into b2 – 4ac<0 leading to – 8 < 0 can score M1A1.
Only award marks for use of the discriminant in part (c)
[6]

2. (a)

(i) ∩ shape (anywhere on diagram) B1

Passing through or stopping at (0, 0) and (4, 0) B1
only(Needn’t be ∩ shape)

(ii) correct shape (-ve cubic) with a max and min drawn anywhereB1
Minimum or maximum at (0, 0) B1
Passes through or stops at (7, 0) but NOT touching. B1 5
(7, 0) should be to right of (4, 0) or B0
Condone (0, 4) or (0, 7) marked correctly on x-axis.
Don’t penalise poor overlap near origin.
Points must be marked on the sketch...not in the text

C1 Algebra: Quadratics – Mark Schemes 12

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(b) x (4 − x=
) x 2 ( 7 − x ) (0 =) x[7 x − x 2 − (4 − x)] M1
(0 =) x[7 x − x 2 − (4 − x)] (o.e.) B1ft

(
0= x x 2 − 8 x + 4 * ) A1 cso 3

Note
M1 for forming a suitable equation
B1 for a common factor of x taken out legitimately. Can treat this
as an M mark. Can ft their cubic = 0 found from an attempt at
solving their equations e.g. x3 – 8x2 – 4x = x(...
A1cso no incorrect working seen. The “= 0” is required but condone
missing from some lines of working. Cancelling the x scores B0A0.

( x ± 4 ) − 42 + 4(=
2
8 ± 64 − 16 0)
(c) ( 2
0 = x − 8x + 4 ⇒ x =) 2
or M1
( x − 4) =
2
12
A1
8± 4 3
= or ( x − 4) =
±2 3 B1
2
x= 4 ± 2 3 A1

From sketch A is x= 4 − 2 3 M1

So ( )(
y = 4 − 2 3 4 − [4 − 2 3] ) (dependent on 1st M1) M1

=−12 + 8 3 A1 7

Note

1st M1 for some use of the correct formula or attempt to complete

the square
st
1 A1 for a fully correct expression: condone + instead of ±
or for (x – 4)2 = 12
B1 for simplifying 48 = 4 3 or 12 = 2 3 .Can be scored
independently of this expression
2nd A1 for correct solution of the form p + q 3 : can be ± or + or –
2nd M1 for selecting their answer in the interval (0, 4). If they have no
value in (0, 4) score M0
3rd M1 for attempting y =…using their x in correct equation. An
expression needed for M1A0
3rd A1 for correct answer. If 2 answers are given A0.
[15]

C1 Algebra: Quadratics – Mark Schemes 13

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2
4k 
(x + 2k)2 or  x +

3. (a)  M1
 2 

(x ± F)2 ±G ± 3 ± 11k (where F and G are any functions of k,

not involving x) M1

(x + 2k)2 – 4k2 + (3+11k) Accept unsimplified

equivalents such as A1 3
2 2
 4k   4k 
x +  –   + 3 + 11k ,
 2   2 
and i.s.w. if necessary.

(b) Accept part (b) solutions seen in part (a).

“4k 2 –11k – 3”= 0 (4k +1)(k – 3) = 0 k = …, M1

[Or, ‘starting again’, b2 – 4ac = (4k)2 – 4(3 +11k)

1
and proceed to k = …] – < k < 3 (Ignore any inequalities
4
for the first 2 marks in (b)). A1

Using b2 – 4ac < 0 for no real roots, i.e. “4k2 –11k – 3”< 0,
to establish inequalities involving their two
critical values m and n M1
(even if the inequalities are wrong, e.g. k < m, k < n).
1
– < k < 3 (See conditions below) Follow through
4
their critical values. A1ft 4
The final A1ft is still scored if the answer m< k < n
follows k <m, k < n.

Using x instead of k in the final answer loses only the 2nd

A mark, (condone use of x in earlier working).

C1 Algebra: Quadratics – Mark Schemes 14

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Note
1st M: Forming and solving a 3-term quadratic in k (usual rules..
see general principles at end of scheme). The quadratic must
come from “b2 – 4ac”, or from the “q” in part (a).

Using wrong discriminant, e.g. “b2 + 4ac” will score

no marks in part (b).

2nd M: As defined in main scheme above.

2nd A1ft: m< k < n, where m< n, for their critical values m and n.
Other possible forms of the answer
(in each case m< n):
(i) n > k >m
(ii) k >m and k < n
In this case the word “and” must be seen
(implying intersection).
(iii) k ∈ (m,n) (iv) {k :k >m} ∩ {k :k < n}
Not just a number line.
Not just k >m, k < n (without the word “and”).

(c)

Shape (seen in (c)) B1

Minimum in correct quadrant, not touching the x-axis, not on the
y-axis, and there must be no other minimum or maximum. B1
(0, 14) or 14 on y-axis.
Allow (14, 0) marked on y-axis.
n.b. Minimum is at (–2,10), (but there is no mark for this). B1 3
Note
Final B1 is dependent upon a sketch having been attempted
in part (c).
[10]

C1 Algebra: Quadratics – Mark Schemes 15

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4. b2 – 4ac attempted, in terms of p. M1

(3p)2 – 4p = 0 o.e. A1
Attempt to solve for p e.g. P(9p – 4) = 0 Must potentially lead to
p = k, k ≠ 0 M1
4
p= (Ignore p = 0, if seen) A1cso
9
Note

1st M1 for an attempt to substitute into b2 – 4ac or b2 = 4ac with b or c correct

Condone x’s in one term only.
This can be inside a square root as part of the quadratic formula for
example.
Use of inequalities can score the M marks only

1st A1 for any correct equation: (3p)2 – 4 × 1 × p = 0 or better

2nd M1 for an attempt to factorize or solve their quadratic expression in p.

4
Method must be sufficient to lead to their p = .
9

Accept factors or use of quadratic formula or ( p ± 92 ) = k 2 (o.e. eg) (3 p ± 23 )

2 2

= k2 or equivalent work on their eqn.

which would lead to 9p = 4 is OK for this 2nd M1
ALT Comparing coefficients
M1 for (x + α)2 = x2 + α2 + 2αx and A1 for a correct equation eg 3p = 2 P
M1 for forming solving leading to P = 23 or better
Use of quadratic/discriminant formula (or any formula) Rule for awarding M mark
If the formula is quoted accept some correct substitution leading to a
partially correct expression.
If the formula is not quoted only award for a fully correct expression using
their values.
[4]

C1 Algebra: Quadratics – Mark Schemes 16

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5. (a) x(x2 – 6x + 9) B1
= x(x – 3)(x – 3) M1 A1 3
Note
B1 for correctly taking out a factor of x
M1 for an attempt to factorize their 3TQ e.g. (x + p)(x + q)
where pq = 9.
So (x – 3)(x + 3) will score M1 but A0

A1 for a fully correct factorized expression – accept x(x – 3)2

If they “solve” use ISW
S.C.
If the only correct linear factor is (x – 3), perhaps from factor
theorem, award B0M1A0
Do not award marks for factorising in part (b)
For the graphs
“Sharp points” will lose the 1st B1 in (b) but otherwise be
generous on shape Condone (0, 3) in (b) and (0, 2), (0,5) in (c) if
the points are marked in the correct places.

(b)

Shape
Through origin (not touching) B1
Touching x-axis only once B1
Touching at (3, 0), or 3 on x-axis B1ft 4
[Must be on graph not in a table]
Note

2nd B1 for a curve that starts or terminates at (0, 0) score B0

4th B1ft for a curve that touches (not crossing or terminating) at (a, 0)
where their y = x(x – a)2

C1 Algebra: Quadratics – Mark Schemes 17

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(c)

Moved horizontally (either way) M1

(2, 0) and (5, 0), or 2 and 5 on x-axis A1 2
Note
M1 for their graph moved horizontally (only) or a fully correct graph
Condone a partial stretch if ignoring their values looks like a simple
translation
A1 for their graph translated 2 to the right and crossing or touching
the axis at 2 and 5 only
Allow a fully correct graph (as shown above) to score M1A1
whatever they have in (b)
[9]

6. (a) b2 – 4ac > 0 ⇒ 16 – 4k(5 – k) > 0 or equiv., e.g. 16 > 4k(5 – k) M1A1

So k2 – 5k + 4 > 0 (Allow any order of terms,

e.g. 4 – 5k + k2 > 0) (*) A1cso 3

Note
M1 for attempting to use the discriminant of the initial equation
(> 0 not required, but substitution of a, b and c in the correct
formula is required).
If the formula b2 – 4ac is seen, at least 2 of a, b and c must be
correct.
If the formula b2 – 4ac is not seen, all 3 (a, b and c) must
be correct.
This mark can still be scored if substitution in b2 – 4ac is within
the quadratic formula.
This mark can also be scored by comparing b2 and 4ac (with
substitution).
However, use of b2 + 4ac is M0.
1st A1 for fully correct expression, possibly unsimplified, with >
symbol. NB must appear before the last line, even if this is
simply in a statement such as b2 – 4ac > 0 or ‘discriminant
positive’.
Condone a bracketing slip, e.g. 16 – 4 × k × 5 – k if subsequent
work is correct and convincing.

C1 Algebra: Quadratics – Mark Schemes 18

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2nd A1 for a fully correct derivation with no incorrect working seen.
Condone a bracketing slip if otherwise correct and convincing.
Using b 2 – 4ac > 0 :
Only available mark is the first M1 (unless recovery is seen).

(b) Critical Values (k – 4)(k – 1) = 0 k=.... M1

k = 1 or 4 A1
Choosing “outside” region M1
k < 1 or k > 4 A1 4

Note

1st M1 for attempt to solve an appropriate 3TQ

1st A1 for both k = 1 and 4 (only the critical values are required,
so accept, e.g. k > 1 and k > 4). * *

2nd M1 for choosing the “outside” region. A diagram or table

alone is not sufficient. Follow through their values of k.
The set of values must be ‘narrowed down’ to score this
M mark… listing everything
k < 1, 1 < k < 4, k > 4 is M0

2nd A1 for correct answer only, condone “k < 1, k > 4” and

even “k < 1 and k > 4”,.
but “1 > k > 4” is A0.
* * Often the statement k > 1 and k > 4 is followed by the correct final
answer. Allow full marks.
Seeing 1 and 4 used as critical values gives the first M1 A1 by
implication.
In part (b), condone working with x’s except for the final mark, where
the set of values must be a set of values of k (i.e. 3 marks out of 4).
Use of ≤ (or ≥) in the final answer loses the final mark.
[7]

C1 Algebra: Quadratics – Mark Schemes 19

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7. (a) [No real roots implies b2 – 4ac < 0.] b2 – 4ac = q2 – 4 × 2q × (–1) M1
So q2 – 4 × 2q × (–1) < 0 i.e. q2 + 8q < 0 (*) A1cso 2

M1 for attempting b2 – 4ac with one of b or a correct.

< 0 not needed for M1
This may be inside a square root.
A1cso for simplifying to printed result with no incorrect working
or statements seen.
Need an intermediate step

e.g.q2 – –8q < 0 or q2 – 4 × 2q × –1 < 0 or q2 – 4(2q)(–1) <0

or q2 –8q(–1) < 0 or q2 – 8q × –1 < 0
i.e. must have × or brackets on the 4ac term
< 0 must be seen at least one line before the final answer.

(b) q(q + 8) = 0 or (q ± 4)2 ± 16 = 0 M1

(q) = 0 or –8 (2 cvs) A1
–8 < q < 0 or q ∈ (–8, 0) or q < 0 and q > –8 A1ft 3

M1 for factorizing or completing the square or attempting to

solve q2 ± 8q = 0. A method that would lead to 2 values
for q. The “= 0” may be implied by values appearing later.

1st A1 for q = 0 and q = –8

2nd A1 for –8 < q < 0. Can follow through their cvs but must
choose “inside” region.
q < 0, q > –8 is A0, q < 0 or q > –8 is A0,
(–8, 0) on its own is A0
BUT “ q < 0 and q > –8” is A1
Do not accept a number line for final mark
[5]

C1 Algebra: Quadratics – Mark Schemes 20

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8. (a) x2 + kx + (8 – k) (= 0) 8 – k need not be bracketed M1

b2 – 4ac = k2 – 4(8 – k) M1
b2 – 4ac < 0 ⇒ k2 + 4k – 32 < 0 (*) A1cso 3

1st M: Using the k from the right hand side to form 3-term
quadratic in x (‘= 0’ can be implied), or…
2
 k k2
attempting to complete the square  x +  − + 8 − k (= 0)
 2 4
or equiv., using the k from the right hand side.
For either approach, condone sign errors.
1st M may be implied when candidate moves straight to the
discriminant.

2nd M: Dependent on the 1st M.

Forming expressions in k (with no x’s) by using b2 and 4ac.
(Usually seen as the discriminant b2 – 4ac, but separate
expressions are fine, and also allow the use of b2 + 4ac.
(For ‘completing the square’ approach, the expression must
be clearly separated from the equation in x).
If b2 and 4ac are used in the quadratic formula, they must
be clearly separated from the formula to score this mark.
For any approach, condone sign errors.
If the wrong statement b 2 − 4ac < 0 is seen, maximum score is M1 M1 A0.

(b) (k + 8)(k – 4) = 0 k = ... M1

k = –8 k=4 A1
Choosing ‘inside’ region (between the two k values) M1
–8< k < 4 or 4 > k > –8 A1 4
Condone the use of × (instead of k) in part (b).

1st M: Attempt to solve a 3-term quadratic equation in k.

It might be different from the given quadratic in part (a).

Ignore the use of < in solving the equation. The 1st M1 A1 can be
scored if –8 and 4 are achieved, even if stated as k < –8, k < 4.
Allow the first M1 A1 to be scored in part (a).

N.B. ‘k > –8, k < 4’ scores 2nd M1 A0

‘k > –8 or k < 4’ scores 2nd M1 A0
‘k > –8 and k < 4’ scores 2nd M1 A1
‘k = –7, – 6, – 5, – 4, – 3, – 2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3’ scores 2nd M0 A0
Use of ≤ (in the answer) loses the final mark.
[7]

C1 Algebra: Quadratics – Mark Schemes 21

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9. Critical Values
( x − 72 ) 2 ± ( 72 ) − 18
2
7± 49 − − 72
(x ± a)(x ± b) with ab = 18 or x = or M1
2
7 ± 11 7 11
(x – 9)(x + 2) or x = or x= ± A1
2 2 2
Solving Inequality x > 9 or x < − 2 Choosing “outside” M1 A1

1st M1 For attempting to find critical values.

Factors alone are OK for M1, x = appearing somewhere for the formula and as
written for completing the square

1st A1 Factors alone are OK. Formula or completing the square need x = as written.

2nd M1 For choosing outside region. Can f.t. their critical values.
They must have two different critical values.
−2> x > 9 is M1A0 but ignore if it follows a correct version
−2 < x < 9 is M0A0 whatever the diagram looks like.

2nd A1 Use of ≥ in final answer gets A0

[4]

C1 Algebra: Quadratics – Mark Schemes 22

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10. (a) b2 − 4ac = 4p2 − 4(3p + 4) = 4p2 − 12p − 16 (= 0) M1, A1

or (x + p)2 − p2 + (3p + 4) = 0 ⇒ p2 − 3p – 4(= 0)

(p − 4)(p + 1) = 0 M1
p = (−1 or) 4 A1c.s.o. 4
2
1st M1 For use of b − 4ac or a full attempt to complete
the square leading to a 3TQ in p.
May use b2 = 4ac. One of b or c must be correct.
1st A1 For a correct 3TQ in p. Condone missing “=0”
but all 3 terms must be on one side.
2nd M1 For attempt to solve their 3TQ leading to p = ...
2nd A1 For p = 4 (ignore p = −1).
b2 = 4ac leading to p2 = 4(3p + 4) and then
“spotting” p = 4 scores 4/4.

−b
(b) x= or (x + p)(x + p) = 0 ⇒ x = … M1
2a
x (= −p) = −4 A1f.t. 2
M1 For a full method leading to a repeated root x …
A1f.t. For x = −4 (− their p)
Trial and Improvement
M2 For substituting values of p into the equation and
attempting to factorize.
(Really need to get to p = 4 or −1)
A2c.s.o. Achieve p = 4. Don’t give without valid method
being seen.
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11. (a) x2 + 2x + 3 = (x + 1)2 + 2

a = 1, b = 2 B1, B1 2

(b)
y

O x

U shape anywhere M1
minimum ft their a and positive b A1ft
(0, 3) marked B1 3

(c) ∆ = b2 – 4ac = 22 – 4 × 3 = –8 B1
The negative sign implies there are no real roots and, hence, B1 2
the curve in (b) does not intersect (meet, cut, ..) the x–axis.
Accept equivalent statements and the statement that the whole
curve is above the x–axis.

(d) ∆ = k2 – 12 M1

∆<0 ⇒ k2 – 12 < 0 (or k2 < 12) A1

–2√3 < k < 2 √3 Allow √12 M1 A1 4
If just k < 2√3 allow M1 A0
[11]

Alternative to (d)
dy
= 0 ⇒ 2x + k = 0 ⇒ x=–k
dx 2
2 2
Minimum greater than 0 implies k – k + 3 > 0 M1
4 2

k2 < 12 A1
Then as before.

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12. (a) (x – 3)2, +9 isw . a = 3 and b = 9 may just be written

down with no method shown. B1, M1 A1 3
(b) P is (3, 9) B1
(c) A = (0, 18) B1
dy
= 2x – 6, at A m = –6 M1 A1
dx
Equation of tangent is y – 18 = –6x (in any form) A1ft 4

(d) Showing that line meets x axis directly below P, i.e. at x = 3. A1cso 1
1
(e) A = ∫x2 – 6x + 18x = [ x3 – 3x2 + 18x] M1 A1
3
Substituting x = 3 to find area A under curve A [=36] M1
1
Area of R = A – area of triangle = A – × 18 3, = 9 M1 A1 5
2
Alternative: ∫x2 – 6x + 18 – (18 – 6x)dx M1
= 13 x 3 M1 A1 ft
Use x = 3 to give answer 9 M1 A1
[13]

13. Attempt to use discriminant b2 – 4ac Should have no x’s M1

(Need not be equated to zero) (Could be within the quadratic formula)
144 – 4 × k × k = 0 or 144 − 4 × k × k = 0 A1
Attempt to solve for k (Could be an inequality) M1
k=6 A1 4
[4]

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14. (a) x2 – 6x + 18 = (x – 3)2, +9 B1, M1 A1 3

30 y

(b) 20

10

x
–1 1 2 3 4 5 6

“U”-shaped parabola M1
Vertex in correct quadrant A1ft
P: (0, 18) (or 18 on y-axis) B1
Q: (3, 9) B1ft 4

(c) x2 – 6x + 18 = 41 or (x – 3)2 + 9 = 41 M1
Attempt to solve 3 term quadratic x = … M1
6 ± 36 − (4 × −23)
x= (or equiv.) A1
2
√128 = √64 × √2 (or surd manipulation 2a = 2 a )M1
3 + 4√2 A1 5
[12]

15. (a) b2 – 4ac = (–k)2 – 36 = k2 – 36 M1 A1

2
 1  1
Or, (completing the square),  x − k  = k 2 − 9
 2  4
Or, if b2 and 4ac are compared directly, [M1] for finding both
[A1] for k2 and 36. M1 A1
2
No real solutions: k – 36 < 0, –6 < k < 6 (ft their “36”) M1, A1ft 4

(b) x2 –4x + 9 = (x – 2)2 ………. (p = 2) B1

Ignore statement p = −2 if otherwise correct.

x2 – 4x + 9 = (x – 2)2 – 4 +9 = (x – 2)2 + 5 (q = 5) M1 A1 3
M: Attempting (x ± a)2 ± b ± 9, a ≠ 0, b ≠ 0.

(c) Min value 5 (or just q), occurs where x = 2 (or just p) B1ft, B1ft 2
Alternative: f′(x) = 2x – 4 (Min occurs where) x = 2 [B1]
Where x = 2, f(x) = 5 [B1ft]
[9]

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C1 Algebra – Quadratics PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

16. (a) 4x(x + 3) = 0, x = … (or use of quadratic formula) M1

x = 0 x = –3 A1 A1 3

(b) Using b2 – 4ac = 0 or other method, proceed to c = … M1

c=9 A1
(2x + 3)(2x + 3) = 0 x = … (or other method to solve a 3-term quadratic) M1
3
x=– A1 4
2
[7]

C1 Algebra: Quadratics – Mark Schemes 27