RPG-7

The RPG-7 (Russian: РПГ-7, Ручной Противотанковый Гранатомёт, romanized:  Ruchnoy

RPG-7
Protivotankoviy Granatomyot) is a portable, reusable, unguided, shoulder-launched, anti-tank,
rocket-propelled grenade launcher. The RPG-7 and its predecessor, the RPG-2, were designed by the
Soviet Union, and are now manufactured by the Russian company Bazalt. The weapon has the GRAU
index (Russian armed forces index) 6G3.

The ruggedness, simplicity, low cost, and effectiveness of the RPG-7 has made it the most widely used
anti-armor weapon in the world. Currently around 40 countries use the weapon; it is manufactured in
several variants by nine countries. It is popular with irregular and guerrilla forces. The RPG has been
used in almost all conflicts across the world since the mid-1960s from the Vietnam War to the 2022
Russo-Ukrainian War.

Widely produced, the most commonly seen major variations are the RPG-7D (десантник – desantnik
– paratrooper) model, which can be broken into two parts for easier carrying; and the lighter Chinese An RPG-7 launcher (top) with a Bulgarian
Type 69 RPG. DIO of Iran manufactures RPG-7s with olive green handguards, H&K pistol grips, and a PG-7G inert training warhead and booster
Commando variant. (bottom)
Type Rocket-propelled
The RPG-7 was first delivered to the Soviet Army in 1961 and deployed at squad level. It replaced the
grenade
RPG-2, having clearly out-performed the intermediate RPG-4 design during testing. The current model
produced by the Russian Federation is the RPG-7V2, capable of firing standard and dual high- launcher[1]
explosive anti-tank (HEAT) rounds, high explosive/fragmentation, and thermobaric warheads (see Place of origin Soviet Union
below), with a UP-7V sighting device fitted (used in tandem with the standard 2.7× PGO-7 optical Service history
sight) to allow the use of extended range ammunition. The RPG-7D3 is the equivalent paratrooper
model. Both the RPG-7V2 and RPG-7D3 were adopted by the Russian Ground Forces in 2001. In service 1961–present
Used by See Users
Wars See Conflicts
Contents Production history
Designer Bazalt
Description
Propulsion system Designed 1958
Manufacturer Bazalt and
Ammunition
Degtyarev plant
Specifications
(Russian
Hit probabilities Federation)

History of use Unit cost $2500

Users Produced 1958–present

Non-state users No. built 9,000,000+[2]

Former users Variants RPG-7V2 (current

model)

Conflicts
RPG-7D3
1960s (paratrooper)

1970s Type 69 RPG

1980s (China)

1990s PSRL-1 (Airtronic

USA)[3]
2000s
Specifications
2010s
2020s Mass 6.3 kg (13.9 lb)
(without a
See also telescopic sight)

References 7 kg (15.4 lb)

Bibliography (with PGO-7)
Length 950 mm (37.4 in)
External links

Cartridge 85mm
Description Caliber 40 mm
Muzzle velocity 115 m/s (boost)

The launcher is reloadable and based around a steel tube, 40 millimetres in diameter, 950 millimetres
300 m/s (flight)
long, and weighing 7 kilograms. The middle of the tube is wood wrapped to protect the user from heat
and the end is flared. Sighting is usually optical with a back-up iron sight, and passive infra-red and Effective firing range 330 m (PG-7V)
night sights are also available. The launchers designated RPG-7N1 and RPG-7DN1 can thus mount the Maximum firing range 700 m (OG-7V)

multi-purpose night vision scope 1PN51[4] and the launchers designated RPG-7N2 and RPG-7DN2 can (self detonates at
mount the multi-purpose night vision scope 1PN58.[5] ≈920 m
(1,000 yd))
As with similar weapons, the grenade protrudes from the launch tubes. It is 40–105  millimetres in
diameter and weighs between 2.0[6][7][8] and 4.5  kilograms. It is launched by a gunpowder booster Sights PGO-7 (2.7×),
charge, giving it an initial speed of 115 metres per second, and creating a cloud of light grey-blue smoke UP-7V Telescopic
that can give away the position of the shooter.[9] The rocket motor[10] ignites after 10  metres and sight and
sustains flight out to 500  metres at a maximum velocity of 295  metres per second. The grenade is 1PN51/1PN58
night vision
stabilized by two sets of fins that deploy in-flight: one large set on the stabilizer pipe to maintain sights

direction and a smaller rear set to induce rotation. The grenade can fly up to 1,100 metres; the fuze sets Red dot reflex
the maximum range, usually 920 metres.[11] sight

Propulsion system
According to the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command
(TRADOC) Bulletin 3u (1977) Soviet RPG-7 Antitank Grenade Launcher—
Capabilities and Countermeasures, the RPG-7 munition has two sections: a
"booster" section and a "warhead and sustainer motor" section. These must be
assembled into the ready-to-use grenade. The booster consists of a "small strip
powder charge" that serves to propel the grenade out of the launcher; the RPG-7 V2
sustainer motor then ignites and propels the grenade for the next few seconds,
An Afghan National Army soldier giving it a top speed of 294 metres per second (660  mph). The TRADOC
firing an RPG-7, 2013 bulletin provides anecdotal commentary that the RPG-7 has been fired from within buildings, which agrees with
the two-stage design. It is stated that only a 2-metre standoff to a rear obstruction is needed for use inside rooms
or fortifications. The fins not only provide drag stabilization, but are designed to impart a slow rotation to the
grenade.

Due to the configuration of the RPG-7 sustainer/warhead section, it responds counter-intuitively to crosswinds. A crosswind will tend to exert
pressure on the stabilizing fins, causing the projectile to turn into the wind (see Weathervane effect). While the rocket motor is still burning, this will
cause the flight path to curve into the wind. The TRADOC bulletin explains aiming difficulties for more distant moving targets in crosswinds at some
length. Similar to a recoilless rifle the RPG-7 has no noticeable recoil, the only effect during firing being that of the sudden lightness of the launcher
as the rocket leaves the tube.

Ammunition
The RPG-7 can fire a variety of warheads for anti-armor (HEAT, PG-Protivotankovaya Granata) or anti-personnel
(HE, OG-Oskolochnaya Granata) purposes, usually fitting with an impact (PIBD) and a 4.5  second fuze. Armor
penetration is warhead dependent and ranges from 30 to 60 centimetres of RHA; one warhead, the PG-7VR, is a
'tandem charge' device, used to defeat reactive armor with a single shot.

Current production ammunition for the RPG-7V2 consists of four main types:
Rocket-propelled grenades
PG-7VL [c.1977] Improved 93 mm HEAT warhead effective against most vehicles and fortified
targets.[6][7][8]
PG-7VR [c.1988] Dual 64 mm/105 mm HEAT warhead for defeating modern armored
vehicles equipped with reactive armor blocks. The first warhead (64 mm HEAT) detonates
the reactive armor block prematurely and the second warhead (105 mm HEAT) passes
through the gap to hit the exposed armor underneath. Inside of an RPG's three sections.

I) The head contains

TBG-7V Tanin [c.1988] 105 mm Thermobaric warhead for anti-personnel and urban warfare.
OG-7V [c.1999] 40 mm Fragmentation warhead for anti-personnel warfare. Has no sustainer 1. trigger
motor. 2. conductive cone
3. aerodynamic fairing
Other warhead variants include:
4. conical liner
PG-7V [c.1961] Baseline 85 mm HEAT warhead capable of penetrating 260 mm 5. body
RHA.[12][13][14] 6. explosive
PG-7VM [c.1969] Improved 70 mm HEAT warhead capable of penetrating 300 mm 7. conductor
RHA.[13][14] 8. detonator
II) The rocket motor consists of
PG-7VS [c.1972] Improved 73 mm HEAT warhead capable of penetrating 400 mm
RHA.[13][14] 9. nozzle block
PG-7VS1 [c.mid-1970s] Cheaper PG-7VS version capable of penetrating 360 mm RHA.[13] 10. nozzle
GSh-7VT [c.2013] Anti-bunker warhead with cylindrical follow-through blast-fragmentation 11. motor body
munition followed by explosively formed penetrator.[15] 12. propellant
13. motor rear
14. ignition primer
Specifications III) The booster charge includes

Manufacturer specifications for the RPG-7V1.[16][17] 15. fin

16. cartridge
17. charge
18. turbine
19. tracer
20. foam wad
 Explosive Lethal
Name Type Image Weight Diameter Penetration
weight[18][19][20] radius

730 g OKFOL
PG- Single-stage 2.6 kg
(95% HMX + 93 mm (3.7 in) >500 mm (20 in) RHA
7VL HEAT (5.7 lb)
5% wax)

600 mm RHA (with

?/1.43 kg 64 mm reactive armor)

PG- Tandem 4.5 kg

OKFOL (95% (2.5 in)/105 mm
7VR charge HEAT (9.9 lb) 750  mm RHA[21]
HMX + 5% wax) (4.1 in)
(without reactive armor)

7 m (23 ft)
OG- 2 kg 210 g (7.4 oz)
Fragmentation 40 mm (1.6 in) (vs. body
7V (4 lb) A-IX-1
armor)[22][23]

1.9 kg ОМ
100МИ-3Л +
0.25 kg A-IX-
TBG- 4.5 kg
Thermobaric 1(as 105 mm (4.1 in) 10 m (30 ft)
7V (9.9 lb)
thermobaric
explosive
booster)

Hit probabilities
Range
A 1976 U.S. Army evaluation of the weapon gave the hit probabilities on a 5-by-2.5-metre (16.4  ft ×  8.2  ft) panel moving
Percent
m (ft)
sideways at 4  m/s (8.9  mph).[24] Crosswinds cause additional issues as the round steers into the wind; in an 11  km/h
50 (160) 100 (6.8 mph) (3 m/s) wind, firing at a stationary tank sized target, the gunner cannot expect to get a first-round hit more than
50% of the time at 180 m.[25]
100 (330) 96

200 (660) 51

300 (980) 22

400 (1,300) 9

500 (1,600) 4

History of use
The RPG-7 was first used in 1967 by Egypt during the Six-Day War, and by the Viet Cong during the Vietnam War, but it did not see widespread
usage in Vietnam until the following year.[26]

Accurate firing is difficult at ranges over 200 metres. During the Soviet–Afghan War, the mujahideen tended to use the weapon at ranges of less than
80 metres.

The RPG-7 was used by the Provisional Irish Republican Army in Northern Ireland from 1969 to 2005, most notably in Lurgan, County Armagh,
where it was used against British Army observation posts and the towering military base at Kitchen Hill in the town.[27] The IRA also used them in
Catholic areas of West Belfast against British Army armoured personnel carriers and Army forward operating bases (FOB). Beechmount Avenue in
Belfast became known as "RPG Avenue" after attacks on British troops.[28]

In Mogadishu, Somalia, RPG-7s were used to down two U.S. Army Black Hawk helicopters in 1993.[29][30]

During the first and second Chechen wars, Chechens used RPG-7 which they had captured from Soviet bases and used them against Russian armored
columns. During the first war, Russians may have lost 100 tanks and 250 AFVs in Grozny.[31] The Chechens were able to knock out T-90s with three
or four RPG-7 hits. Against T-90s with Explosive Reactive Armor, the Chechens fired an RPG in close range (within 50m) to detonate the armor and
then followed this with RPG hits on the now exposed point of the tank, also from close range.[32] The RPG-7 was also effective against Armoured
fighting vehicles (AFVs), buildings and personnel.[33]

During the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021), several M1A2 Abrams were temporarily disabled by RPG-7 hits.[34]

Users
 Afghanistan[35]  Benin[35]
 Albania:[36]
5,000 units that are locally  Bosnia and Herzegovina[36]
produced as the model TIP-57.  Botswana[35]
 Algeria[35]  Bulgaria: Produced locally by Arsenal
 Angola[35] Corporation as ATGL-L.[39] [40]
 Armenia[35]  Burkina Faso[41][42]
 Artsakh[37]  Burundi[36]
 Austria[36]  Cambodia[35]
 Azerbaijan[35]  Cape Verde[35]
 Bangladesh: Chinese Type 69 RPG variant  Central African Republic[35]
used by Bangladesh Army.[38]  Chad[35]
 Belarus[35]  China: Type 69 reverse-engineered copy.[43]
  Congo-Brazzaville[35]  North Korea[35]
 Congo-Kinshasa[35]  North Macedonia[35]
 Croatia[35]  Pakistan: Used by the Pakistan Army and
 Cuba[35] paramilitary forces of Pakistan.[35] RPG-7V
version made under license by Pakistan Machine
 Cyprus[35]
Tool Factory.[59][60]
 Czech Republic[35]
 Papua New Guinea[61]
 Djibouti[35]
 Philippines: The army has three different
 Egypt:[35] Locally produced without license as variants: 250 ATGL-L2 from Bulgaria, 30 Type 69
PG-7 by the Sakr Factory for Developed from China, and 744 RPG-7V2 from Russia.[62]
Industries.[44]
 Poland:[35] Produced RPG-7 and RPG-7W
 El Salvador[36] variants.[63]
 Eritrea[35]  Palestine
 Estonia[35]  Romania:[35] Produced locally by SC Carfil SA A Bulgarian soldier with an
ATGL-L (Bulgarian copy of the
 Fiji[45] from Brașov as AG-7 (Romanian: Aruncătorul de RPG-7) equipped with a red
 Georgia: Modified version "RPG-7D" locally Grenade 7, Grenade Launcher 7).[64] dot reflex sight.
produced by STC Delta.[46][47][48]  Russia[35]
 Ghana[35]  Rwanda[35]
 Guatemala[36]  Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic: Used by
 Guinea[35] the Polisario Front.[65]
 Guyana[35]  Sao Tome and Principe[35]
 Hungary[49]  Saudi Arabia: Saudi army[36]
 Indonesia:[36] Used by the marine corps.  Senegal[35]
 Iran.[35] Produced locally as Sageg.[50]  Serbia: Made by PPT Namenska.[66]
A Romanian soldier with an
 Iraq.[35] Produced locally as Al-Nassira from  Seychelles[35]
AG-7 (licensed built RPG-7).
the 1980s by Ba'athist Iraq.[50]  Sierra Leone[35]
 Israel: Large stocks held as secondary  Somalia[35]
ATW.[26] Rounds produced locally.[51]  South Africa: South African National Defence
 Jordan[35] Force.[67]
 Kazakhstan[35]  South Korea[36]
 Kyrgyzstan[35]  South Sudan: South Sudan Democratic Iranian manufactured RPG-7
 Laos[35] Movement, Sudan Liberation Movement/Army, launcher, uncovered in
 Latvia[35] South Sudan Defence Forces, Sudan People's Lebanon, by the IDF.
Liberation Army used RPG-7, Type 69s and
 Lebanon[35]
Iranian-made RPGs.[68]
 Lesotho[52]
 Sri Lanka
 Liberia: Used by both the Liberian Army and
 Sudan: Made by Military Industry
guerrilla factions in the Liberian Civil Wars.[34]
Corporation as the Sinar.[69]
 Libya[35] (used by both sides in the Libyan
 Suriname: Used by the Military of
Civil War)
Suriname.[35]
 Madagascar[35]
 Syria[35] (used by all sides in the Syrian civil
 Malaysia: Bulgarian ATGL-L versions are
war[36])
purchased and used since the early 2000s[53][54]
 Tajikistan:[35] Produced locally.[36]
 Mali[55]
 Togo[35]
 Malta[35]
 Turkey[70]
 Mauritania[35]
 Turkmenistan:[35] Produced locally.[36]
 Mexico[36]
 Ukraine:[35] Produced locally.[36]
 Moldova:[35] Produced locally.[36]
 United States: Produced locally and in service
 Transnistria
with governmental users.[36]
 Mongolia[35]
 Uzbekistan:[35] Produced locally.[36]
 Morocco[35]
 Venezuela[35]
 Mozambique: Non state-users.[36][56]
 Vietnam:[35] Locally produced and
 Myanmar: Clones made as MA-10. designated as RPG7V-VN or B-41 anti-tank
 Nicaragua[35] gun.[71]
 Nigeria: Produced under license by the  Yemen[35]
Defence Industries Corporation of Nigeria[35][57]  Zambia[35]
 Niger[58]  Zimbabwe[35]

Non-state users
Al Qaeda
 ISIL[72]
 Taliban[73]
 Hezbollah[73]
 Syrian opposition[73]
  Houthi movement[74]
Kurdistan Workers' Party
Ulster Volunteer Force[75]
Provisional IRA

Former users
 Lithuania[35]

Conflicts

1960s
Vietnam War (1955–1975): First used in 1967.[26]
Portuguese Colonial War (1961–1974)
Rhodesian Bush War (1964–1979)
South African Border War (1966–1990)
Six Day War (1967)[26]
War of Attrition (1967–1970)
The Troubles

1970s
Yom Kippur War (1973)[76]
Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990)
Western Sahara War (1975–1991)
Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)
Sino-Vietnamese War (1979)
Soviet–Afghan War (1979–1989)[77]

1980s
Iran–Iraq War (1980–1988)
First Nagorno-Karabakh War
1982 Lebanon War
First Liberian Civil War (1989–1997)

1990s
Gulf War (1990–1991)[78]
Somali Civil War (1991–present)[78]
Yugoslav Wars (1991–2001)
First Chechen War (1994–1996)[31]
Second Congo War (1998–2003)
Second Liberian Civil War (1999–2003)
Second Chechen War (1999–2009)[31]

2000s
War in Darfur (2004–present)
War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)[78]
Iraq War (2003–2011)[78]

2010s
Libyan Civil War (2011)
Syrian Civil War (2011–present)
Mali War (2012–present)
War in Iraq (2013–2017)
Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)
Insurgency in Northern Chad
Russo-Ukrainian War (2014–present)

2020s
 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War
2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine

See also
RPG-2
Panzerfaust
Panzerfaust 2
Panzerfaust 3
PSRL-1

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Bibliography
Rottman, Gordon L. (2010). The Rocket Propelled Grenade (https://books.google.com/books?id=NDa1CwAAQBAJ). Weapon 2. Osprey
Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84908-153-5.

External links
Manufacturer's site (http://www.bazalt.ru/)
Countering the RPG threat (https://defense-update.com/20060726_rpg-threat.html)
How Stuff Works – RPG(7) (http://www.howstuffworks.com/rpg.htm)
RPG-7 analysis and user´s manual (https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/row/rpg-7.pdf)
Technical data, instructional images and diagrams of the RPG-7 (in Russian) (http://sovposters.ru//2009/12/21/030451_rpg7.jpg)
Ultimate Weapons Rpg 7 Military Channel (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dZnBzfhSmUU) on YouTube
[3] (https://airtronic-usa.com/wp-content/uploads/AirTronic-Shoulder-Fired-Rocket-Ammunition.pdf)

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