DC Motor and Generator
DC Motor and Generator
DC Motor and Generator
The machine which produce direct quantity (voltage or current) or operated by direct voltage is called
so.
Types of DC machines:
These are of two types: 1. DC Generator
2. DC Motor
1. DC Generator
Def: It is an electromechanical device that convert mechanical energy to electrical
energy.
Construction:
Main parts of DC machines:
a) Yoke
b) Pole shoe, field winding, field poles
c) Armature, armature winding
d) Commutator
e) Brushes
(i) Yoke:
It is a outer frame of machine.
It protect the machine
It provides mechanical supports to the machine.
It supports pole shoe.
It provides path for magnetic flux.
It protects internal parts of the machines.
It is a cylindrical structure.
It is a rotating parts of machine. Hence, it is also called rotor.
On armature, slots are there.
Armature conductors (windings) are placed on the slot.
Two ends of armature conductors are connected to commutator.
Armature cores are laminated to reduce eddy current loss.
(iv) Commutator:
It is also circular (cylindrical) types.
These are the copper bars separated by the insulations.
It is connected to armature. Hence, it also rotates when armature rotates.
It collects the alternating current from armature conductors and converted it to direct
current.
As it converts the alternating quantity to direct quantity and rotating in nature, so it is
called mechanical rectifier.
(v) Brushes:
It is made by carbon or graphite.
It is fixed in nature.
Commutator bars are touched with it.
Its main function is to collect the current from the commutator and sends to the load.
2. Working
As the external circuit is closed (load is connected on it), an induced current flows
through it. The direction of induced current is determined by Fleming’s right hand rule.
DC Motor
Principle of operation: This DC or direct current motor works on the principal, when
a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, it experiences a torque and
has a tendency to move. This is known as motoring action.
(Same as DC Generator)
Working:
I I