2019 20-ExOrd19dic2019 V19dic SS Ing Vfinal

Subject: Materials Science and Engineering 2019-20, 2º Course Ordinary Exam: 19th Decembre 2019
NF:
SURNAME: ………......................................................…… NAME: ...............................................GROUP: …..

Answer each question exclusively in the space reserved for it. You have 3 hours to complete the exam.
1) (1.0 point) For a pure Cu wire (99.95%) with a cold working degree of 20% at room temperature, indicate how the
electrical conductivity varies and how each of the following processes affects the mechanical properties considering
the number of defects, the centers dispersion, the average free path of electrons, …
a) annealed pure Cu wire
b) 80% cold deformed pure Cu wire
c) a wire made of Cu - 0.9% Sn alloy
d) a pure Cu wire heated to 60 ° C
SOLUCIÖN
(mayor/igual/menor)
Cu revenido puro Disminución de los defectos de red, disminución de los cu < revenido
centros de dispersión d elos electrones, aumento del
recorrido libre medio
Cu deformado al 80% Aumento de las dislocaciones, defectos de red, aumento de n cu > deformado
centros de dispersión, disminución de recorrido libre medio
Cu-0.2%Fe Aumento aumento de n centros de dispersión por impurezas, cu > -0.2%Fe
disminución de recorrido libre medio
Cu puro a 60ºC Aumento de T, aumento de choques con los átomos vibrando cu > 60ºC
en la red, disminución recorrido libre medio
2) (1.0 point) In the tensile test of a metal sample, the reduction in the section of it after breaking was 10%, with no
evidence of necking.
a) Determine the true strain value at the breaking.
b) Calculate the elongation of the sample before breaking taking into account that the initial length of the sample
was 25.0 mm.
SOLUCIóN
a) RA=10=100 (1-Af/A0) de donde Af/A0=1-0.1=0.9,
Puesto que os indican que no hay evidencias de estricción, la deformación real se puede calcular como real = ln (A0/Af)=
ln (1/0,9)=0,105
b) Dado que no se ha producido estricción, real = ln (Lf/L0), luego Lf = L0 exp (real)= (25,0 mm) exp (0,105) =27,77
mm, por lo que el alargamiento d ela probeta es de 2,77 mm
3) (2.0 points) MgO has NaCl type structure and the ionic radii of Mg2+ y O2- are 0.078 nm y 0.132 nm respectively.
Calculate:
a) The ionic packing factor

b) Linear density in [111]
c) Planar density in (111)
d) The density of MgO in g/cm3
e) The coordination number of Mg2+ and O2- in the structure.
f) Draw the structure, the plane (110) and calculate the interplanar distance between planes of the family (110).
(Data: MMg=24.31 g/mol, MO=16.00 g/mol, Avogadro's Number=6.023 1023 mol-1))
4) (1.0 point) Determine the magnitude of the Burgers´ vector for Molybdenum metal in the direction of maximum
packing, if it has a BCC crystalline structure and the planar density of the (002) plane is equal to 10.08 atoms/nm2.
5) (1.5 points) Given the following Mg-Pb equilibrium phase diagram:
a) Write the invariant reactions, indicating the

temperature, the reaction in the form of an
equation, the composition of each phase
within the reaction and the name of the
reaction.
b) For an alloy with a composition of 50% Pb

by weight and at a temperature of 460 -T
°C, determine the weight fraction of the
microconstituents present.
c) Describe the sequence of appearance of

microconstituents if we apply a very slow
cooling from the liquid state to 300 °C for
an alloy with 70%wt Pb.
d) What is the maximum solubility of lead in

magnesium in the solid state?
e) Indicate which pure compounds present congruent melting.
L (66%Pb)   (41%Pb) + Mg
2Pb (80%Pb) a 460 ºC Reacción Eutéctica
L (96%Pb)   (98%Pb) + Mg2Pb (80%Pb) a 240 ºC Reacción Eutéctica

6) (1.0 point) Using the TTT diagram in the figure, corresponding to a carbon steel, answer the following questions:
a) Indicate what type of steel it is

according to its carbon content.
Justify your answer.
b) Describe the heat treatment that is
required to obtain a hardness in the
steel of 23 HRC indicating the
constituents after each phase of the
treatment.
c) Describe the final microstructure of
the steel after the following heat
treatment: heating at 800 ° C for 1
h, rapidly cooling to 400 °C
keeping at this temperature for 20 s
and finally abrupt cooling to room
temperature. How does the
hardness vary in this case with
respect to the treatment of section
b)?.
d) Is it possible to perform an austempering heat treatment on this steel? Justify your answer.
SOLUCIÓN
a) Es un acero hipoeutectoide ya que aparece ferrita en el diagrama
b) De la figura obtenemos una temperatura de austenización representada por la línea A3 de al menos 770°C. La
dureza deseada de 23 HRC, se obtiene mediante transformación del acero a 600°C, donde a 1 s se inicia la
transformación a ferrita, Fs, a los 2 s se inicia la transformación a perlita, Ps, y a los 6 s finaliza la transformación
a perlita, Pf. Los tratamientos y microestructuras obtenidas serán las siguientes:
1. Austenización a Tª superior a 770 (de 30 a 55 ºC por encima) = 800°C a 825°C y mantenimiento durante 1 hora.
El acero contiene en esta fase 100% de austenita.
2. Enfriamiento rápido a 600°C manteniendo al menos 6 segundos. Empieza formándose ferrita primaria a partir
de la austenita inestable después de 1 s. Más tarde, a los 2 s, inicia la transformación de perlita y la austenita se
transforma completamente después de los 6 segundos. Los constituyentes serán ferrita primaria y perlita.
3. Enfriamiento al aire hasta temperatura ambiente. La microestructura permanece como ferrita primaria y perlita.
c) A 800 ºC la microestructura es austenítica, a 400 ºC durante 20 s la austenita se transforma en bainita en aprox 70

-75%, y el resto se transforma en martensita en el enfriamiento brusco. Por tanto la microestructura final será aprox.
70-75% bainita + 30-25% martensita.
La dureza tras este tratamiento se eleva por encima de 62 HRC, sustancialmente mayor que en el tratamiento anterior.
d) Si, sería un tratamiento similar al del apartado c) pero manteniendo la temepartura de 400º hasta el final de la
transformación bainítica.
7) (1,5 points) A composite material reinforced with continuous and aligned fiber consists of 55% matrix volume and
45% aramid fiber.
Material Modulus of Elasticity (E), GPa Tensile Strength (R), MPa Density (ρ), g/cm3
Aramid fiber 130,0 3500,0 1,45
Carbon fiber 390,0 2400,0 1,86
Epoxi resin 2,4 55,0 2,40
Determine:
a) The modulus of elasticity, tensile strength and density of composite material in the direction parallel and perpendicular
to the fibers.
b) What values could the elastic modulus and the specific elastic modulus take if the same amount of short fibers were
used?
c) The stress supported and the deformation experienced by each phase when a piece of this compound, with an area of
480 mm2, is subjected to a longitudinal load of 53400 N fibers.
d) The necessary fraction of carbon fiber to achieve a new composite material with the same specific elastic modulus of
the previous composite material
Solución:
a)
Creo que debe penalizarse que se calcule densidad paralela y perpendicular a las fibras.
b) Los valores deberían estar comprendidos entre los valores máximos y mínimos.
c)
Condiciones de isodeformación.
d)
8) (1,0 point) Given the following table:
a) Fill in the gaps in the table with the polymers: polyethylene (PE); polypropylene (PP); polyvinyl chloride
(PVC) and polystyrene (PS), assuming in all cases a degree of polymerization Xn = 200.
Data: M (H) = 1.0 g / mol; M (C) = 12.0 g / mol; M (Cl) = 35.5 g / mol.
What polymer is
Tg (ºC) Mn (g/mol) M0 (g/mol) Monomer unit
it?
80 12500 (-CH -CHCl-)

2 n
-20 8400
-110 5600
100 20800
b) Select, justifying your answer, those polymers whose mechanical behavior is ductile at room temperature.
c) The following graph shows the curves corresponding to

isotactic and atactic polypropylene. Assign each of the
curves with a continuous/dashed line to each polymer
justifying its response.
d) Calculate the degree of crystallinity of polypropylene with density,  = 0.95 g / cm3, if the theoretical density
of 100% crystalline is 0.96 g / cm3, and that of 100% amorphous is 0.925 g / cm3.

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Subject: Materials Science and Engineering 2019-20, 2º Course Ordinary Exam: 19th Decembre 2019

SURNAME: ………......................................................…… NAME: ...............................................GROUP: …..

a) The ionic packing factor

a) Write the invariant reactions, indicating the

b) For an alloy with a composition of 50% Pb

c) Describe the sequence of appearance of

d) What is the maximum solubility of lead in

e) Indicate which pure compounds present congruent melting.

L (96%Pb)   (98%Pb) + Mg2Pb (80%Pb) a 240 ºC Reacción Eutéctica

a) Indicate what type of steel it is

c) A 800 ºC la microestructura es austenítica, a 400 ºC durante 20 s la austenita se transforma en bainita en aprox 70

80 12500 (-CH -CHCl-)

c) The following graph shows the curves corresponding to

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