SOLVE THE FOR SPUR GEAR DRIVE USING PAES

PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING STANDARD PAES 306: 2000

Foreword

The formulation of this National Standard was initiated by the Agricultural Machinery
Testing and Evaluation Center (AMTEC) under the project
entitled "Enhancing the Implementation of the AFMA Through Improved Agricultural
Engineering Standards" which was funded by the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) of
the Department of Agriculture (DA).

This Standard was reviewed by the Technical Committee for Study 2 – Development of
Standards for Engineering Materials and was circulated to various private and government
agencies/organizations concerned for their comments and reactions. These standards were
presented to the Philippine Society of Agricultural Engineers (PSAE) and subjected to a
public hearing organized by the National Agriculture and Fisheries Council (NAFC). The
comments and reactions received during the presentation and public hearing were taken into
consideration in the finalization of the standards.

This Standard has technically formulated in accordance with PNS 01:Part 4:1998 – Rules for
the Structure and Drafting of Philippine National Standard. It provides specifications and
proper application of drives using spur gears and does not cover manufacturing
specifications.

In the preparation of this standard, the following references were considered.

Browning power transmission equipment. 1975. Catalog number 8.

Baumeister, Theodore (ed.) 1997. Mark’s handbook for mechanical engineers. 10th Edition.
Mc Graw Hill Book Company, USA.

Faires, V. M. 1969. Design of Machine Elements. Macmillan Company, New York USA.

Horton, H. L. (Ed.) 1984. Machinery’s handbook. 23rd Edition. Industrial press inc, New
York.

PNS 374:1991, Spur gears for general engineering – Shapes and dimensions.

Quayle J. P. (Ed.) 1971. Kempe’s engineer’s yearbook. Volume 1. Morgan-Grampian Book

Publishing Co. Ltd, London.

Shigley, Joseph, E. 1977. Mechanical engineering design. 3rd Edition. Mc Graw Hill Book
Company, USA.
PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING STANDARD PAES 306:2000
Engineering Materials – Spur Gears for Agricultural Machines – Specifications and
Applications

1 Scope

This standard establishes specifications and provides technical information for the proper
application of spur gears for agricultural machinery.

2 Reference

The following normative references contains provisions which, through reference in this text,
constitute provisions of this Standard:

PAES 305:2000, Keys and Keyways for Agricultural Machines

3 Application

Spur gears are used to connect parallel shafts and have teeth formed in cylindrical blanks
parallel to the shaft axis. They can be used in transmitting motion and power between two
shaft in the same or in opposite directions. They can also be used in transmitting linear
motion. For the purpose of this standard, only transmission of power between two shafts of
opposite directions will be discussed.

4 Definitions

4.1
spur gear
a cylindrical gear whose tooth traces are straight lines parallel to the axis. Generally, it
transmits rotational motion and power between two axes

4.2
gear tooth
each of the projecting parts of a gear which are intended to ensure, by contact with the teeth
of another gear, that one of the other gear turns the other

4.3
module
the quotient of the pitch, expressed in millimeters, to the number π (or the quotient of the
reference diameter, expressed in millimeters, to the number of teeth)

4.4
pitch circle
the line of intersection of the pitch cylinder by a plane perpendicular to the axis of the gear
(see Fig. 1)
PAES 306:2000

4.5
addendum
the radial distance between the addendum circle and the pitch circle (see Fig. 1)

Tooth Space

dth
wi
ce
Fa

Tooth Element
Ad d e n d um C i r c l e

ce
Fa Pitch Surface
Cuts Here
Space Width
ircle Tooth
Pitch C
Wo

nk
Ad

Thickn
ess Fla
rkin
den
dum

pt
Wo r k i n g -De h C i r c l e
Dep
W

th
ho

ded
le
De

end

Ba se Ci r c l e
pth

um

Cle

cle
en d um C i r
aran

De d
ce

Figure 1 – Nomenclature of spur gears

4.6
addendum circle
the circle that bounds the outer ends of the teeth (Fig. 1)

4.7
dedendum
the radial distance between the dedendum circle and the pitch circle (see Fig. 1)

4.8
dedendum circle
the line of intersection of the dedendum cylinder by a plane perpendicular to the axis of the
gear (see Fig.1)

4.9
clearance
the amount by which the dedendum in a given gear exceeds the addendum of its meshing
gear (Fig. 1)

4.10
pitch diameter
the diameter of the pitch circle

C-90
 PAES 306:2000

4.11
addendum diameter
the diameter of the addendum circle

4.12
dedendum diameter
the diameter of the of the dedendum circle

4.13
tooth depth
the radial distance between the addendum circle and the dedendum circle

4.14
circular pitch
the length of the arc of the pitch circle between two consecutive corresponding profiles (see
Fig. 1)

4.15
tooth thickness
the width of the tooth measured along the circular pitch (Fig.1)

4.16
tooth space
the space between teeth measured along the pitch circle (Fig.1)

4.17
backlash
the tooth space minus the tooth thickness

4.18
face width
the width over the toothed part of a gear, measured along a straight line generator of the
reference cylinder (see Fig. 1)

4.19
tooth flank
the portion of the surface of a tooth lying between the tip surface and the root surface (Fig. 1)

4.20
pressure angle
angle at the point where the profile cuts the pitch circle (see Fig. 2)

C-91
PAES 306:2000

4.21
base circle
of an involute cylindrical gear, the "base circle" of the involutes forming the tooth profiles
(see Fig. 2)

rcle
circle
Base ci
Pitch
Pressure
angle

rcle
rcle
Pitch ci
Base ci

Fig. 2 – Pressure angle and base circle

4.22
tooth profile
the line of intersection of a tooth flank with any defined surface cutting the reference surface

4.23
tooth trace
the line of intersection of a flank with the reference surface

4.24
involute cylindrical gear
a cylindrical gear of which every usable tooth profile is an arc of an involute to a circle
(See Fig. 3)

4.25
involute to a circle

a plane curve described by a point on a straight line (the "generating line"), which rolls out
without slip on the base circle (Fig 3)

Base Circle
Involute
A4
A3 B4
A2 B3
A1 B2
B1
A0

Fig. 3 – Construction of an involute curve

C-92
 PAES 306:2000

5 Types

Spur gears shall be classified into 6 types according to its shape: A1, B1, C1, A2, B2, and C2
(see Figure 4).

A1 B1 C1

Figure 4 – Spur gear types

6 Materials

Spur gear materials shall be of hot-rolled steel designation 1045 and 3140 with an ultimate
tensile strength of 600 MPa and 724 MPa and a Brinell Hardness Number of 215 and 205
respectively.

7 Recommended design practices

7.1 Calculation of gear dimensions

Table 1 specifies the formula for calculating the different dimensions of standard spur gears.

C-93
PAES 306:2000

Table 1 – Spur gear calculations

To obtain: Given: Formula:
Circular pitch
Circular pitch
π
Module
Pitch diameter
Number of teeth and pitch diameter
Number of teeth
Pitch diameter Number of teeth and module Number of teeth × module
Pitch diameter
Number of teeth Pitch diameter and module
Module
Tooth thickness on the
Module 1.5708 × module
pitch line
Outside diameter Pitch diameter and addendum Add 2 addendums to the pitch diameter
Minimum whole depth Module Coarser than 1.0583 module, 2.35 × module
Addendum Module addendum = module
Dedendum Module dedendum = 1.25x module
Clearance Whole depth and addendum Subtract two addendums from the whole depth

Center distance
Number of teeth of driver and
driven gear, t1 and t2
(
module t1 + t 2 )
Module 2

7.2 Power ratings

7.2.1 Power ratings presented in this standard are based on module facewidth, and pressure
angle that are shown in Table 2 and a material of hot-rolled steel designation 1045. For
power ratings of hot-rolled steel designation 3140, multiply table values by 1.5.

Table 2 - Standard modules and face width

Module,
1.25 1.5 2.0 2.50 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 8.0
mm/tooth
Face width, mm 16 19 25 32 38 50 63 75 100
Pressure angle, ° 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

7.2.2 Power ratings of spur gears according to the number of teeth and its rpm are shown on
Tables 3.-11.

C-94
 PAES 306:2000

Table 3 – Power ratings* of 1.25 module spur gears, watts

Number rpm (driver)
of teeth 40 60 80 100 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800
11 27 40 54 67 130 249 358 459 552 638 718 766 861 926 987 1,045 1,099 1,149
12 32 47 62 78 151 289 414 528 633 730 819 870 979 1,051 1,118 1,180 1,239 1,295
13 36 54 72 89 174 331 472 601 718 826 925 978 1,101 1,179 1,252 1,320 1,384 1,444
14 41 62 82 102 197 374 532 675 804 923 1,031 1,086 1,222 1,307 1,385 1,459 1,527 1,591
15 46 69 92 114 221 416 590 747 888 1,016 1,133 1,189 1,337 1,428 1,511 1,589 1,661 1,728
16 50 75 100 124 239 449 636 802 951 1,086 1,208 1,263 1,421 1,515 1,601 1,681 1,755 1,824
17 55 82 108 134 259 485 684 861 1,018 1,160 1,288 1,342 1,510 1,607 1,696 1,778 1,854 1,925
18 59 88 116 145 279 520 731 917 1,083 1,231 1,364 1,416 1,593 1,693 1,785 1,869 1,947 2,019
19 64 95 125 155 299 555 779 974 1,147 1,301 1,439 1,490 1,676 1,779 1,873 1,959 2,038 2,111
20 68 101 134 166 319 592 827 1,032 1,212 1,372 1,515 1,564 1,759 1,864 1,960 2,048 2,129 2,203
21 73 109 144 178 341 630 878 1,093 1,281 1,448 1,596 1,642 1,847 1,955 2,053 2,143 2,225 2,301
22 77 115 152 188 359 661 919 1,141 1,335 1,505 1,656 1,700 1,912 2,021 2,121 2,211 2,294 2,370
24 86 127 168 208 396 724 1,001 1,237 1,441 1,619 1,776 1,812 2,039 2,150 2,251 2,343 2,426 2,502
25 90 134 177 219 417 760 1,048 1,292 1,502 1,685 1,845 1,878 2,113 2,226 2,328 2,421 2,505 2,582
27 100 148 195 241 457 828 1,136 1,394 1,615 1,805 1,972 1,998 2,247 2,363 2,467 2,560 2,646 2,723
28 104 155 204 252 476 860 1,177 1,442 1,667 1,860 2,029 2,051 2,307 2,423 2,528 2,622 2,707 2,784
30 113 168 221 273 515 925 1,258 1,535 1,769 1,968 2,141 2,154 2,424 2,541 2,647 2,741 2,827 2,904
32 123 182 239 296 555 991 1,342 1,630 1,872 2,077 2,254 2,259 2,541 2,660 2,766 2,861 2,947 3,024
33 128 189 249 307 576 1,024 1,383 1,678 1,923 2,131 2,309 2,310 2,599 2,719 2,825 2,920 3,006 3,083
35 138 203 267 330 616 1,090 1,466 1,771 2,023 2,236 2,418 2,410 2,711 2,832 2,939 3,034 3,119 3,197
36 143 211 277 341 637 1,123 1,506 1,816 2,073 2,288 2,471 2,459 2,766 2,887 2,993 3,089 3,174 3,251
40 163 240 315 387 718 1,252 1,665 1,994 2,262 2,484 2,672 2,642 2,972 3,094 3,201 3,296 3,381 3,457
* Based on steel designation 1045, 20° pressure angle and 16 mm average face width.

C-95
PAES 306:2000

Table 4 – Power ratings* of 1.5 module spur gears, watts

Number rpm (driver)
of teeth 40 60 80 100 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800
11 46 69 91 113 221 419 598 761 909 1,044 1,169 1,236 1,390 1,489 1,580 1,666 1,746 1,821
12 54 80 106 132 256 485 689 873 1,040 1,191 1,330 1,399 1,574 1,682 1,782 1,875 1,962 2,043
13 62 92 122 152 294 554 785 991 1,177 1,345 1,497 1,568 1,764 1,881 1,990 2,090 2,183 2,270
14 71 105 139 173 334 625 882 1,111 1,315 1,498 1,664 1,735 1,952 2,078 2,194 2,301 2,400 2,492
15 79 118 156 193 373 695 978 1,226 1,448 1,645 1,823 1,894 2,131 2,264 2,386 2,499 2,603 2,699
16 86 128 169 210 404 750 1,051 1,315 1,547 1,754 1,940 2,007 2,258 2,395 2,521 2,636 2,742 2,840
17 93 139 184 228 437 809 1,129 1,408 1,653 1,870 2,063 2,127 2,392 2,534 2,663 2,781 2,889 2,989
18 101 150 198 245 470 866 1,205 1,498 1,754 1,979 2,179 2,238 2,518 2,663 2,795 2,915 3,025 3,127
19 108 161 213 263 503 924 1,281 1,588 1,854 2,088 2,294 2,349 2,643 2,791 2,926 3,048 3,160 3,262
20 116 172 228 282 537 983 1,358 1,679 1,955 2,197 2,410 2,460 2,767 2,918 3,055 3,179 3,293 3,396
21 124 185 244 302 574 1,045 1,440 1,775 2,063 2,313 2,533 2,577 2,899 3,054 3,193 3,320 3,434 3,539
22 131 195 257 318 604 1,096 1,505 1,850 2,145 2,401 2,624 2,662 2,995 3,151 3,291 3,418 3,533 3,638
24 146 216 285 352 665 1,197 1,634 1,998 2,307 2,572 2,802 2,827 3,180 3,338 3,480 3,607 3,722 3,827
25 154 228 300 371 699 1,255 1,708 2,084 2,401 2,671 2,905 2,924 3,290 3,450 3,592 3,721 3,837 3,942
27 170 251 331 408 766 1,365 1,847 2,242 2,573 2,853 3,094 3,099 3,487 3,649 3,793 3,922 4,038 4,144
28 177 262 345 426 798 1,417 1,911 2,315 2,651 2,935 3,178 3,176 3,573 3,736 3,880 4,009 4,126 4,231
30 193 285 375 462 861 1,519 2,038 2,458 2,805 3,096 3,343 3,327 3,743 3,906 4,051 4,180 4,295 4,400
32 209 309 405 499 927 1,624 2,168 2,603 2,960 3,257 3,509 3,478 3,913 4,077 4,222 4,351 4,466 4,570
33 217 321 421 518 960 1,677 2,232 2,675 3,037 3,337 3,591 3,553 3,997 4,161 4,306 4,435 4,550 4,653
35 234 345 452 556 1,027 1,782 2,360 2,816 3,187 3,493 3,750 3,696 4,158 4,323 4,468 4,596 4,711 4,814
36 242 357 468 575 1,060 1,833 2,422 2,886 3,260 3,568 3,827 3,766 4,237 4,402 4,546 4,674 4,789 4,891
40 276 406 531 652 1,192 2,036 2,665 3,152 3,540 3,857 4,120 4,029 4,532 4,697 4,841 4,967 5,080 5,180
* Based on steel designation 1045, 20° pressure angle and 19 mm average face width.

C-96
 PAES 306:2000

Table 5 – Power ratings* of 2.0 module spur gears, watts

Number rpm (driver)
of teeth 40 60 80 100 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800
11 108 160 212 263 507 948 1,334 1,676 1,980 2,252 2,498 2,598 2,923 3,108 3,277 3,433 3,578 3,711
12 125 186 247 306 588 1,093 1,532 1,916 2,255 2,556 2,826 2,924 3,290 3,490 3,673 3,841 3,996 4,138
13 144 215 284 352 675 1,247 1,739 2,166 2,540 2,871 3,165 3,259 3,667 3,882 4,078 4,257 4,421 4,572
14 164 244 322 399 764 1,404 1,949 2,418 2,826 3,184 3,501 3,589 4,037 4,266 4,473 4,662 4,835 4,993
15 184 273 361 446 851 1,557 2,152 2,659 3,098 3,481 3,818 3,897 4,384 4,624 4,841 5,037 5,217 5,381
16 200 297 392 485 921 1,676 2,306 2,840 3,299 3,696 4,044 4,111 4,625 4,870 5,090 5,290 5,471 5,637
17 217 322 425 525 996 1,803 2,470 3,032 3,510 3,923 4,283 4,337 4,879 5,129 5,354 5,556 5,740 5,908
18 234 347 458 565 1,069 1,925 2,628 3,214 3,710 4,136 4,505 4,546 5,115 5,369 5,596 5,801 5,986 6,155
19 252 373 491 607 1,143 2,049 2,786 3,396 3,909 4,348 4,726 4,753 5,347 5,605 5,835 6,042 6,228 6,398
20 270 399 526 649 1,219 2,175 2,945 3,578 4,108 4,559 4,946 4,958 5,578 5,839 6,071 6,280 6,467 6,638
21 289 428 563 694 1,300 2,309 3,114 3,772 4,320 4,783 5,180 5,177 5,824 6,089 6,324 6,534 6,724 6,895
22 305 451 593 731 1,366 2,415 3,246 3,920 4,478 4,948 5,348 5,330 5,996 6,261 6,496 6,706 6,894 7,065
24 338 499 655 807 1,499 2,627 3,506 4,210 4,787 5,268 5,675 5,625 6,328 6,594 6,828 7,036 7,223 7,391
25 357 527 691 850 1,576 2,749 3,656 4,378 4,967 5,456 5,869 5,802 6,527 6,794 7,029 7,238 7,425 7,592
27 394 580 760 934 1,722 2,977 3,934 4,686 5,294 5,795 6,216 6,116 6,881 7,148 7,384 7,592 7,777 7,943
28 411 606 793 974 1,790 3,083 4,061 4,826 5,441 5,946 6,368 6,252 7,034 7,301 7,536 7,743 7,927 8,092
30 447 657 860 1,054 1,929 3,294 4,312 5,100 5,728 6,240 6,666 6,518 7,333 7,599 7,832 8,036 8,218 8,381
32 484 711 929 1,138 2,071 3,510 4,567 5,377 6,017 6,536 6,965 6,785 7,633 7,898 8,129 8,332 8,512 8,673
33 503 738 964 1,181 2,143 3,617 4,693 5,514 6,160 6,682 7,112 6,916 7,780 8,045 8,275 8,477 8,656 8,816
35 541 793 1,035 1,266 2,286 3,829 4,941 5,781 6,437 6,964 7,396 7,168 8,064 8,327 8,556 8,756 8,933 9,090
36 560 821 1,070 1,308 2,357 3,934 5,062 5,911 6,571 7,100 7,534 7,289 8,201 8,463 8,690 8,890 9,065 9,221
40 638 932 1,212 1,479 2,638 4,341 5,530 6,408 7,083 7,618 8,052 7,746 8,714 8,973 9,196 9,390 9,561 9,713
* Based on steel designation 1045, 20° pressure angle and 25 mm average face width.

C-97
PAES 306:2000

Table 6 – Power ratings* of 2.5 module spur gears, watts

Number rpm (driver)
of teeth 40 60 80 100 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800
11 214 318 421 521 997 1,836 2,551 3,168 3,706 4,179 4,598 4,718 5,308 5,611 5,886 6,137 6,367 6,577
12 250 371 489 606 1,155 2,112 2,919 3,607 4,202 4,722 5,179 5,286 5,947 6,272 6,566 6,833 7,076 7,299
13 288 427 563 696 1,322 2,403 3,303 4,064 4,716 5,281 5,775 5,865 6,598 6,945 7,256 7,538 7,794 8,028
14 327 485 639 790 1,494 2,699 3,690 4,521 5,227 5,834 6,362 6,431 7,235 7,600 7,927 8,222 8,490 8,733
15 366 542 714 882 1,664 2,986 4,063 4,957 5,711 6,355 6,912 6,957 7,827 8,207 8,546 8,851 9,127 9,377
16 398 589 775 957 1,798 3,208 4,344 5,278 6,060 6,724 7,295 7,313 8,227 8,612 8,955 9,262 9,539 9,790
17 432 639 841 1,036 1,941 3,443 4,640 5,616 6,428 7,113 7,699 7,689 8,650 9,041 9,387 9,697 9,976 10,228
18 466 689 905 1,115 2,080 3,669 4,922 5,936 6,773 7,476 8,074 8,034 9,039 9,433 9,782 10,094 10,373 10,626
19 501 739 970 1,195 2,222 3,897 5,205 6,255 7,116 7,835 8,445 8,375 9,422 9,820 10,171 10,484 10,764 11,016
20 536 791 1,038 1,277 2,366 4,127 5,489 6,573 7,457 8,192 8,812 8,712 9,801 10,201 10,554 10,868 11,148 11,400
21 574 847 1,110 1,364 2,520 4,372 5,791 6,912 7,821 8,572 9,204 9,072 10,206 10,610 10,966 11,281 11,562 11,814
22 606 893 1,170 1,437 2,645 4,565 6,022 7,165 8,086 8,844 9,478 9,317 10,481 10,884 11,238 11,550 11,829 12,078
24 671 987 1,291 1,584 2,896 4,947 6,476 7,659 8,602 9,371 10,010 9,788 11,012 11,411 11,760 12,068 12,341 12,586
25 708 1,041 1,360 1,668 3,040 5,167 6,739 7,947 8,905 9,683 10,328 10,075 11,334 11,734 12,083 12,390 12,663 12,906
27 780 1,145 1,494 1,829 3,314 5,577 7,222 8,471 9,451 10,242 10,893 10,578 11,901 12,299 12,645 12,949 13,218 13,458
28 815 1,195 1,558 1,906 3,442 5,766 7,441 8,705 9,693 10,487 11,138 10,794 12,143 12,540 12,884 13,185 13,451 13,688
30 885 1,296 1,687 2,061 3,699 6,141 7,872 9,165 10,166 10,965 11,616 11,214 12,616 13,008 13,347 13,644 13,905 14,137
32 958 1,400 1,821 2,221 3,964 6,521 8,308 9,627 10,641 11,445 12,097 11,637 13,092 13,480 13,815 14,107 14,364 14,592
33 995 1,454 1,889 2,302 4,096 6,711 8,524 9,856 10,875 11,680 12,333 11,844 13,325 13,711 14,044 14,334 14,589 14,815
35 1,070 1,560 2,025 2,465 4,360 7,083 8,945 10,299 11,327 12,135 12,787 12,243 13,773 14,155 14,484 14,769 15,020 15,242
36 1,107 1,614 2,093 2,546 4,491 7,266 9,150 10,514 11,546 12,355 13,006 12,434 13,988 14,368 14,694 14,978 15,227 15,447
40 1,259 1,830 2,366 2,870 5,007 7,974 9,938 11,333 12,376 13,184 13,829 13,151 14,795 15,165 15,483 15,758 15,998 16,210
* Based on steel designation 1045, 20° pressure angle and 32 mm average face width.

C-98
 PAES 306:2000

Table 7 – Power ratings* of 3.0 module spur gears, watts

Number rpm (driver)
of teeth 40 60 80 100 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800
11 365 541 714 883 1,676 3,042 4,177 5,135 5,955 6,663 7,283 7,389 8,312 8,745 9,135 9,486 9,806 10,097
12 425 630 830 1,026 1,938 3,492 4,766 5,828 6,729 7,501 8,171 8,245 9,276 9,737 10,149 10,521 10,857 11,162
13 490 725 954 1,178 2,217 3,965 5,379 6,546 7,526 8,360 9,079 9,116 10,255 10,742 11,176 11,566 11,917 12,236
14 556 823 1,082 1,335 2,501 4,443 5,993 7,260 8,314 9,205 9,968 9,962 11,207 11,717 12,170 12,575 12,939 13,269
15 623 921 1,210 1,490 2,781 4,906 6,581 7,937 9,056 9,996 10,796 10,743 12,086 12,613 13,080 13,496 13,870 14,207
16 677 1,000 1,312 1,615 3,002 5,259 7,018 8,427 9,582 10,545 11,361 11,260 12,668 13,199 13,668 14,085 14,458 14,794
17 735 1,084 1,422 1,748 3,236 5,633 7,479 8,944 10,136 11,124 11,957 11,807 13,283 13,819 14,291 14,710 15,084 15,420
18 792 1,167 1,529 1,879 3,464 5,991 7,915 9,430 10,653 11,661 12,507 12,307 13,845 14,384 14,857 15,275 15,649 15,983
19 851 1,252 1,639 2,013 3,696 6,351 8,352 9,913 11,165 12,192 13,049 12,799 14,399 14,939 15,413 15,831 16,203 16,536
20 911 1,339 1,752 2,149 3,931 6,714 8,788 10,394 11,673 12,717 13,585 13,284 14,944 15,487 15,961 16,378 16,749 17,081
21 975 1,433 1,873 2,295 4,182 7,100 9,253 10,906 12,215 13,278 14,158 13,805 15,530 16,075 16,551 16,969 17,340 17,671
22 1,029 1,511 1,972 2,415 4,384 7,400 9,602 11,281 12,602 13,670 14,551 14,149 15,918 16,459 16,930 17,344 17,710 18,036
24 1,138 1,668 2,174 2,658 4,789 7,993 10,287 12,011 13,353 14,428 15,308 14,813 16,664 17,197 17,659 18,064 18,421 18,738
25 1,201 1,759 2,290 2,797 5,021 8,335 10,686 12,440 13,799 14,882 15,767 15,222 17,124 17,656 18,117 18,519 18,874 19,189
27 1,322 1,933 2,513 3,064 5,461 8,969 11,413 13,213 14,595 15,688 16,575 15,934 17,926 18,453 18,907 19,303 19,652 19,960
28 1,381 2,016 2,618 3,190 5,666 9,259 11,740 13,556 14,943 16,037 16,922 16,237 18,266 18,789 19,239 19,631 19,975 20,280
30 1,499 2,184 2,832 3,445 6,077 9,832 12,382 14,227 15,624 16,719 17,599 16,825 18,929 19,443 19,884 20,268 20,605 20,902
32 1,621 2,359 3,053 3,709 6,498 10,413 13,030 14,902 16,308 17,403 18,280 17,419 19,596 20,103 20,537 20,914 21,243 21,534
33 1,684 2,447 3,165 3,842 6,708 10,701 13,349 15,234 16,644 17,739 18,613 17,709 19,923 20,426 20,857 21,230 21,556 21,844
35 1,809 2,625 3,390 4,108 7,126 11,266 13,971 15,877 17,293 18,386 19,255 18,267 20,551 21,046 21,470 21,836 22,156 22,438
36 1,872 2,714 3,502 4,240 7,333 11,542 14,273 16,189 17,606 18,698 19,564 18,535 20,852 21,344 21,764 22,127 22,443 22,722
40 2,125 3,071 3,950 4,769 8,145 12,609 15,428 17,369 18,787 19,869 20,721 19,536 21,978 22,455 22,860 23,210 23,514 23,781
* Based on steel designation 1045, 20° pressure angle and 38 mm average face width.

C-99
PAES 306:2000

Table 8 – Power ratings* of 4.0 module spur gears, watts

Number rpm (driver)
of teeth 40 60 80 100 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800
11 847 1,253 1,646 2,029 3,792 6,703 9,009 10,881 12,430 13,734 14,846 14,793 16,643 17,379 18,032 18,614 19,137 19,610
12 986 1,456 1,912 2,353 4,373 7,662 10,225 12,279 13,961 15,365 16,553 16,406 18,457 19,231 19,915 20,522 21,066 21,556
13 1,135 1,674 2,195 2,699 4,988 8,664 11,484 13,716 15,527 17,026 18,287 18,036 20,291 21,100 21,811 22,442 23,005 23,510
14 1,290 1,899 2,487 3,054 5,615 9,670 12,736 15,135 17,064 18,648 19,972 19,610 22,061 22,899 23,634 24,284 24,862 25,379
15 1,443 2,122 2,776 3,405 6,228 10,638 13,925 16,468 18,496 20,150 21,524 21,047 23,678 24,537 25,288 25,950 26,538 27,063
16 1,567 2,302 3,007 3,684 6,705 11,362 14,785 17,407 19,479 21,159 22,548 21,965 24,711 25,569 26,317 26,974 27,557 28,077
17 1,700 2,494 3,254 3,983 7,212 12,127 15,692 18,395 20,516 22,225 23,630 22,939 25,806 26,666 27,413 28,068 28,647 29,163
18 1,831 2,683 3,497 4,275 7,702 12,854 16,544 19,316 21,474 23,203 24,619 23,821 26,799 27,656 28,399 29,050 29,624 30,135
19 1,965 2,876 3,744 4,572 8,198 13,583 17,391 20,227 22,420 24,167 25,592 24,688 27,774 28,629 29,368 30,014 30,583 31,089
20 2,102 3,074 3,997 4,875 8,699 14,313 18,235 21,130 23,355 25,118 26,550 25,541 28,734 29,585 30,321 30,962 31,526 32,027
21 2,250 3,285 4,267 5,199 9,234 15,089 19,133 22,093 24,354 26,138 27,580 26,463 29,770 30,622 31,355 31,994 32,555 33,052
22 2,373 3,460 4,489 5,464 9,660 15,680 19,791 22,777 25,044 26,824 28,258 27,047 30,428 31,268 31,991 32,620 33,171 33,659
24 2,622 3,815 4,938 5,998 10,508 16,839 21,071 24,100 26,374 28,145 29,563 28,170 31,691 32,510 33,213 33,822 34,355 34,825
25 2,765 4,018 5,195 6,303 10,995 17,512 21,824 24,888 27,177 28,952 30,370 28,880 32,490 33,304 34,001 34,604 35,132 35,597
27 3,040 4,408 5,687 6,887 11,910 18,746 23,181 26,292 28,594 30,366 31,773 30,102 33,865 34,664 35,346 35,936 36,450 36,902
28 3,172 4,593 5,920 7,162 12,333 19,303 23,783 26,905 29,205 30,970 32,368 30,613 34,440 35,229 35,902 36,483 36,990 37,435
30 3,439 4,969 6,390 7,715 13,178 20,400 24,960 28,101 30,396 32,146 33,525 31,607 35,558 36,329 36,986 37,551 38,043 38,475
32 3,716 5,357 6,875 8,284 14,038 21,507 26,144 29,303 31,593 33,329 34,691 32,614 36,690 37,446 38,087 38,639 39,118 39,539
33 3,856 5,553 7,120 8,571 14,468 22,055 26,726 29,892 32,179 33,909 35,263 33,107 37,245 37,993 38,627 39,172 39,646 40,061
35 4,138 5,947 7,609 9,143 15,316 23,122 27,855 31,030 33,309 35,023 36,360 34,052 38,309 39,042 39,662 40,195 40,656 41,061
36 4,280 6,144 7,853 9,427 15,734 23,643 28,401 31,579 33,852 35,558 36,886 34,505 38,819 39,544 40,158 40,684 41,140 41,539
40 4,849 6,930 8,823 10,553 17,363 25,634 30,472 33,647 35,891 37,561 38,852 36,194 40,719 41,415 42,003 42,505 42,940 43,320
* Based on steel designation 1045, steel designation 1045, 20° pressure angle and 50 mm average face width.

C-100
 PAES 306:2000

Table 9 – Power ratings* of 5.0 module spur gears, watts

Number rpm (driver)
of teeth 40 60 80 100 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800
11 1,656 2,440 3,196 3,926 7,228 12,473 16,454 19,577 22,094 24,165 25,899 25,457 28,639 29,740 30,706 31,560 32,321 33,003
12 1,927 2,834 3,706 4,546 8,316 14,204 18,592 21,989 24,696 26,904 28,739 28,102 31,615 32,763 33,765 34,649 35,434 36,135
13 2,216 3,255 4,250 5,206 9,462 16,003 20,795 24,456 27,344 29,682 31,612 30,766 34,612 35,802 36,838 37,748 38,553 39,272
14 2,515 3,689 4,810 5,884 10,627 17,802 22,972 26,875 29,926 32,376 34,387 33,326 37,491 38,715 39,777 40,707 41,529 42,261
15 2,813 4,118 5,363 6,551 11,759 19,519 25,023 29,131 32,313 34,852 36,923 35,646 40,102 41,348 42,426 43,369 44,199 44,937
16 3,053 4,463 5,803 7,079 12,631 20,781 26,476 30,680 33,910 36,471 38,549 37,085 41,720 42,957 44,024 44,956 45,775 46,501
17 3,310 4,831 6,273 7,642 13,556 22,114 28,007 32,313 35,597 38,184 40,274 38,618 43,446 44,677 45,738 46,661 47,472 48,189
18 3,562 5,192 6,733 8,191 14,447 23,373 29,436 33,822 37,143 39,745 41,838 39,998 44,998 46,220 47,270 48,182 48,982 49,689
19 3,821 5,561 7,201 8,749 15,345 24,629 30,851 35,312 38,666 41,280 43,374 41,353 46,522 47,734 48,774 49,676 50,465 51,162
20 4,086 5,938 7,678 9,317 16,251 25,883 32,256 36,784 40,168 42,792 44,886 42,685 48,020 49,223 50,253 51,145 51,925 52,612
21 4,370 6,342 8,189 9,924 17,216 27,217 33,753 38,358 41,778 44,419 46,519 44,132 49,649 50,846 51,869 52,754 53,527 54,207
22 4,605 6,674 8,606 10,416 17,975 28,212 34,823 39,444 42,857 45,480 47,559 45,019 50,646 51,824 52,829 53,696 54,453 55,119
24 5,083 7,345 9,446 11,404 19,480 30,156 36,897 41,539 44,932 47,518 49,557 46,722 52,562 53,702 54,673 55,508 56,236 56,874
25 5,357 7,729 9,928 11,971 20,346 31,291 38,128 42,804 46,204 48,787 50,817 47,823 53,801 54,930 55,890 56,716 57,434 58,064
27 5,884 8,466 10,847 13,048 21,961 33,354 40,327 45,035 48,428 50,988 52,989 49,702 55,915 57,017 57,951 58,754 59,450 60,060
28 6,135 8,815 11,280 13,553 22,704 34,276 41,291 45,998 49,375 51,916 53,898 50,478 56,787 57,873 58,793 59,583 60,267 60,867
30 6,643 9,520 12,151 14,567 24,179 36,086 43,173 47,873 51,220 53,723 55,666 51,989 58,487 59,543 60,436 61,201 61,863 62,442
32 7,170 10,248 13,048 15,607 25,677 37,908 45,063 49,759 53,077 55,547 57,456 53,526 60,217 61,246 62,115 62,859 63,502 64,064
33 7,437 10,615 13,500 16,129 26,423 38,806 45,991 50,682 53,987 56,440 58,333 54,280 61,065 62,082 62,940 63,673 64,307 64,861
35 7,973 11,350 14,400 17,168 27,889 40,552 47,783 52,461 55,735 58,154 60,015 55,724 62,689 63,683 64,519 65,233 65,850 66,388
36 8,241 11,717 14,848 17,683 28,609 41,399 48,649 53,317 56,574 58,976 60,821 56,415 63,467 64,449 65,275 65,980 66,588 67,118
40 9,315 13,176 16,621 19,714 31,399 44,624 51,912 56,528 59,714 62,045 63,825 58,990 66,364 67,300 68,087 68,756 69,333 69,835
* Based on steel designation 1045, 20° pressure angle and 63 mm average face width.

C-101
PAES 306:2000

Table 10 – Power ratings* of 6.0 module spur gears, watts

Number rpm (driver)
of teeth 40 60 80 100 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800
11 2,819 4,138 5,403 6,616 12,009 20,271 26,303 30,901 34,521 37,446 39,858 38,758 43,603 45,086 46,376 47,509 48,512 49,406
12 3,277 4,802 6,258 7,651 13,784 23,006 29,609 34,570 38,434 41,528 44,062 42,635 47,964 49,498 50,829 51,993 53,021 53,935
13 3,767 5,510 7,169 8,749 15,650 25,839 33,000 38,309 42,402 45,654 48,300 46,529 52,345 53,925 55,291 56,483 57,533 58,464
14 4,273 6,239 8,104 9,874 17,537 28,656 36,335 41,957 46,251 49,637 52,377 50,255 56,537 58,153 59,546 60,759 61,824 62,768
15 4,775 6,960 9,025 10,979 19,365 31,330 39,457 45,337 49,788 53,276 56,082 53,615 60,317 61,955 63,363 64,585 65,658 66,605
16 5,179 7,536 9,755 11,848 20,758 33,265 41,626 47,608 52,101 55,599 58,399 55,648 62,604 64,222 65,610 66,813 67,866 68,795
17 5,612 8,151 10,534 12,774 22,234 35,306 43,912 50,006 54,548 58,065 60,867 57,825 65,054 66,658 68,031 69,219 70,258 71,173
18 6,037 8,753 11,293 13,675 23,649 37,223 46,031 52,207 56,778 60,298 63,091 59,774 67,245 68,832 70,186 71,356 72,377 73,276
19 6,471 9,367 12,066 14,589 25,072 39,131 48,126 54,376 58,971 62,492 65,276 61,686 69,397 70,965 72,302 73,455 74,460 75,344
20 6,916 9,993 12,852 15,516 26,503 41,029 50,200 56,516 61,131 64,651 67,424 63,567 71,513 73,064 74,384 75,521 76,511 77,380
21 7,392 10,663 13,693 16,507 28,028 43,050 52,414 58,810 63,456 66,983 69,753 65,621 73,824 75,363 76,671 77,796 78,775 79,633
22 7,786 11,212 14,376 17,306 29,212 44,529 53,961 60,353 64,971 68,463 71,196 66,844 75,199 76,709 77,990 79,090 80,046 80,884
24 8,583 12,320 15,748 18,904 31,552 47,411 56,953 63,326 67,884 71,305 73,967 69,194 77,843 79,298 80,528 81,584 82,499 83,299
25 9,040 12,954 16,535 19,821 32,902 49,104 58,747 65,143 69,696 73,103 75,747 70,743 79,585 81,022 82,237 83,278 84,179 84,968
27 9,918 14,167 18,030 21,556 35,404 52,158 61,926 68,325 72,840 76,197 78,791 73,366 82,537 83,934 85,112 86,120 86,991 87,752
28 10,335 14,740 18,732 22,366 36,547 53,511 63,306 69,683 74,166 77,490 80,052 74,439 83,744 85,118 86,276 87,266 88,121 88,868
30 11,180 15,895 20,142 23,988 38,810 56,161 65,995 72,328 76,747 80,006 82,508 76,532 86,098 87,430 88,550 89,506 90,331 91,051
32 12,053 17,084 21,590 25,648 41,102 58,824 68,697 74,991 79,352 82,553 85,003 78,670 88,504 89,798 90,886 91,813 92,612 93,308
33 12,495 17,684 22,317 26,480 42,240 60,134 70,022 76,295 80,628 83,802 86,226 79,720 89,685 90,962 92,034 92,947 93,734 94,419
35 13,380 18,880 23,764 28,130 44,470 62,673 72,576 78,802 83,077 86,195 88,570 81,730 91,947 93,190 94,233 95,120 95,884 96,548
36 13,823 19,476 24,482 28,946 45,562 63,903 73,806 80,006 84,252 87,342 89,692 82,692 93,029 94,256 95,285 96,160 96,912 97,567
40 15,592 21,841 27,316 32,151 49,773 68,561 78,430 84,512 88,636 91,617 93,872 86,273 97,057 98,223 99,198 100,026 100,737 101,355
* Based on steel designation 1045, 20° pressure angle and 75 mm average face width.

C-102
 PAES 306:2000

Table 11 – Power ratings* of 8.0 module spur gears, watts

Number rpm (driver)
of teeth 40 60 80 100 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800
11 6,586 9,605 12,461 15,167 26,814 43,523 54,935 63,223 69,516 74,456 78,438 75,076 84,461 86,793 88,800 90,544 92,074 93,428
12 7,647 11,126 14,403 17,493 30,648 49,115 61,458 70,291 76,925 82,089 86,224 82,162 92,432 94,821 96,870 98,646 100,201 101,573
13 8,780 12,745 16,462 19,954 34,654 54,865 68,105 77,451 84,399 89,768 94,041 89,258 100,415 102,855 104,941 106,745 108,321 109,709
14 9,948 14,407 18,568 22,461 38,681 60,540 74,591 84,383 91,598 97,134 101,517 96,014 108,016 110,492 112,603 114,425 116,014 117,411
15 11,104 16,044 20,635 24,912 42,552 65,874 80,598 90,740 98,150 103,801 108,253 102,061 114,819 117,309 119,428 121,254 122,843 124,238
16 12,029 17,342 22,258 26,819 45,447 69,626 84,636 94,862 102,275 107,897 112,306 105,581 118,778 121,223 123,300 125,086 126,638 127,999
17 13,018 18,727 23,986 28,847 48,507 73,581 88,900 99,228 106,664 112,272 116,654 109,384 123,057 125,467 127,511 129,265 130,788 132,122
18 13,987 20,077 25,664 30,807 51,417 77,262 92,813 103,198 110,625 116,200 120,539 112,761 126,856 129,226 131,232 132,951 134,442 135,747
19 14,977 21,451 27,366 32,791 54,332 80,908 96,669 107,101 114,515 120,056 124,354 116,078 130,587 132,919 134,890 136,578 138,039 139,316
20 15,987 22,849 29,092 34,797 57,251 84,521 100,473 110,943 118,342 123,848 128,106 119,343 134,260 136,556 138,494 140,152 141,585 142,838
21 17,069 24,344 30,936 36,938 60,358 88,374 104,550 115,083 122,487 127,975 132,207 122,937 138,305 140,574 142,487 144,121 145,533 146,766
22 17,957 25,557 32,417 38,640 62,719 91,107 107,295 117,756 125,073 130,478 134,634 124,982 140,605 142,822 144,689 146,282 147,658 148,858
24 19,752 27,997 35,380 42,032 67,357 96,400 112,580 122,893 130,041 135,287 139,300 128,923 145,038 147,159 148,942 150,460 151,770 152,910
25 20,780 29,395 37,081 43,980 70,048 99,551 115,810 126,108 133,216 138,416 142,387 131,600 148,050 150,140 151,894 153,387 154,674 155,795
27 22,749 32,053 40,292 47,638 74,984 105,168 121,466 131,668 138,656 143,742 147,610 136,090 153,102 155,122 156,815 158,254 159,492 160,570
28 23,681 33,301 41,789 49,333 77,211 107,619 123,881 134,006 140,917 145,934 149,742 137,902 155,139 157,122 158,781 160,192 161,405 162,459
30 25,562 35,808 44,784 52,711 81,601 112,404 128,584 138,555 145,317 150,204 153,900 141,442 159,122 161,034 162,633 163,990 165,157 166,169
32 27,502 38,381 47,846 56,154 86,030 117,210 133,317 143,153 149,783 154,555 158,154 145,087 163,223 165,074 166,620 167,931 169,057 170,034
33 28,481 39,675 49,379 57,872 88,219 119,569 135,635 145,404 151,972 156,690 160,243 146,880 165,240 167,063 168,585 169,874 170,981 171,941
35 30,437 42,247 52,416 61,264 92,490 124,121 140,092 149,724 156,167 160,779 164,243 150,313 169,102 170,872 172,347 173,596 174,667 175,596
36 31,413 43,524 53,918 62,936 94,571 126,317 142,232 151,795 158,175 162,736 166,158 151,956 170,950 172,694 174,147 175,377 176,431 177,345
40 35,292 48,562 59,805 69,452 102,534 134,588 150,244 159,522 165,660 170,021 173,280 158,066 177,824 179,472 180,842 182,001 182,992 183,851
* Based on steel designation 1045, 20° pressure angle and 100 mm average face width.

C-103
PAES 306:2000

7.3 Service factors

Selection of gears is based on type of load and the method of lubrication. Service factors for
type of load and type of lubrication are given in Tables 12 and 13 respectively. The service is
computed as follows:

Service factor = service factor for load + service factor for lubrication...……....[Eq. 1]

Table 12 – Additional service factors for type of load

Hours of operation per
Uniform loading Light shock Heavy shock
day
8-10 1.0 1.2 1.4
11-16 1.1 1.3 1.5
17-24 1.2. 1.4 1.6

Table 13 – Service factors for type of lubrication

Type of lubrication Service factor
Intermittent 0.7
Grease 0.4
Oil, drip 0.2
Oil, bath 0

7.4 Minimum number of teeth

The minimum number of teeth to mesh with another gear is shown on Figure 5.
20
Minimum number of teeth in gear 1 ( 1 )

19

18

17

16

15
Interference
14 region
13

12
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Number of teeth in gear 2 ( 2 )
Fig. 5 – Minimum number of teeth for 20° full-depth

7.5 Gear ratio

7.5.1 Definition

Gear ratio is the ratio between the number of teeth of the driver and the driven gear (see
Equation 2).

t2
Gear ratio = …………………………………………………………………..[Eq.2]
t1

C-104
 PAES 306:2000

7.5.2 Hunting tooth gear ratio

7.5.2.1 When using a hunting tooth gear ratio, a particular tooth in the pinion must mesh once
with every tooth on the meshing gear when the pinion has completed as many revolutions as
the number of teeth in the meshing gear. This is done in order to distribute the wear more
evenly.

7.5.2.2 In a hunting tooth gear ratio, the teeth in a pair of meshing gears are such that they do
not have a common divisor. Hunting tooth gear ratios are obtained by having the sum of the
teeth in each pair equal to a prime number.

7.5.2.3 Hunting tooth is used when both gears are hardened or hardened and ground. It is
also used for gear pairs that are subjected to high cyclic loads.

7.6 Design power

The required power is computed as follows:

Design power = Power to be transmitted x service factor……………………….[Eq. 3]

7.7 Center distance

Desired center distance given the module and speed ratio can be computed using the
following equation:

module(t1 + t 2 )
Center distance = ………………………………………………[Eq. 4]
2

8 Markings

8.1 The following information shall be marked on the gear:

a) Type

b) Module

c) Number of teeth

d) Manufacturer’s name and/or its trademark

8.2 The following information shall be marked on the packaging:

e) Type

f) Module

g) Number of teeth

h) Manufacturer’s name, trademark and address

C-105
PAES 306:2000

9 Safety

9.1 Enclosing the drive with covers is recommended for safety and to avoid foreign
materials from getting in contact with the drive.

9.2 Make drive inspection on a periodic basis. Inspect gears for wear and tear, for quality
of lubricant, and for its alignment. Tightness of keys and setscrews should also be inspected
periodically.

9.3 Use gears with proper markings.

9.4 Use proper keys as specified in PAES 304:2000, Keys and Keyways for Agricultural
Machines.

C-106
 PAES 306:2000

Annex A
(Informative)

Example of spur gear drive selection

A.1 Given parameters

A drive is desired for 1,500 W, 200 rpm drive shaft to 70 rpm driven shaft to operate at
11—16 h/day and at a center distance of approximately 80 mm, with light shock load and
with drip lubrication.

A.2 Speed ratio

The speed ratio is computed as

n1
Speed ratio =
n2

where:
n1 = rpm of driver gear
n2 = rpm of driven gear

n1 200
Speed ratio = = = 2.0
n 2 100

A.3 Service factor

From Table 12 and 13, the service factor for load and lubrication are 1.3 and 0.2 respectively.
Thus, the service factor is computed as:

Service factor = 1.3 + 0.2 = 1.5

A.4 Design power

The design power is computed as:

Design power = 1,500 W x 1.5 = 2,250 W

A.5 Module and number of teeth of driving gear

A.5.1 Selection of the module and number of teeth shall be based on the design power of the
drive, the gear with the next higher power rating to the design power can be considered
suitable for the drive (assuming an allowable 10% deviation of the design power to the power
rating).

C-107
PAES 306:2000

A.5.2 Given a driving gear rpm of 200 and the design power, a gear with a power rating that
surpasses the design power can be selected by scanning through Tables 3-11. Table A.1
presents the gears that are suitable for the drive based on power rating.

Table A.1 – Summary of gear selection data

Number of teeth Center distance,
Module Power rating, watts
Driver Driven mm
1 35 70 2.0 2,286 105.00
2 36 72 2.0 2,357 108.00
3 20 40 2.5 2,366 75.00

A.6 Number of teeth of driven gear

The number of teeth of the driven gear is computed using the following equation (see Table
A.1 for computed values):

t2
Gear ratio =
t1

where: t2 = number of teeth of the driven gear

t1 = number of teeth of the driver gear
Gear ratio = speed ratio

A.7 Center distance

The center distance can be computed as follows (see Table A.1 for computed values):

Center distance =
(
module t1 + t2 )
2

A.8 Gear selection

Since the requirement for center distance is approximately 80 mm, the most suitable for the
drive is a gear of module 2.5 and 20 teeth (driver gear) since it conforms to both the design
power and the requirement for the center distance.

C-108