GS Day 13english Synopsis

60 Days Daily Free Mains Answer Writing Program for UPSC 2023
Day 13
Topic: Urbanization, Effects of Globalization on Indian Society,

Date: 12/13/2022
Q.1) Ghettos are not "problems to be solved," but rather the product of imbalanced and
entrenched urban policies including property ownership, infrastructure provision and
upkeep, and other socioeconomic difficulties. Explain. 10 Marks 150 Words
How to approach the question
Introduction
· Introduce by defining the Ghettos.
Body
· Write the causes of ghettos formation.
. Write the measures taken by the government. .
. Write the way forward.
Conclusion
· Conclude by mentioning the SDG11 and the need to achieve it.
Answer:
Introduction
A ghetto is an area or locality that is populated largely by members of a particular community.
Ghettoisation refers to the process that leads to such a situation.
Body
Ghettos are a product of imbalanced and entrenched urban policies including property
ownership, infrastructure provision and upkeep, and other socioeconomic difficulties.
Some of the major causes of Ghetto formation are as follow:
● Unplanned urbanization: Various factors responsible for the process of urbanization
like migration, better economic opportunities led to settling down of people either in
already densely populated cities or the fringe areas around the cities. This rapid
urbanization leads to the development of cities without any urban planning and
eventually that becomes unsuitable for living.
● Property ownership: generally ownership of property is not regulated properly. This
gives rise to concentration of a particular group or community in a particular region.
Eg There are even instances of house owners refusing to let out their homes to
Muslims. The Muslims have no choice but to find a home in the “Muslim clusters”
which are usually not the best areas in a city..
● Infrastructure provisions and upkeep: infrastructure lacks in these regions. This leads
to further alienation and impoverishment. Eg in Ahmedabad, the ghetto of four lakh
people in the periphery of the city has no bus connectivity to reach the main city.
● Creation of Slums: With large scale migration to urban areas many find that the only
option they have is substandard conditions of slums. Slums are characterized by
substandard housing, overcrowding, lack of electrification, ventilation, sanitation,
roads and drinking water facilities. As per the census 2011, 17% of the urban
To join the program visit – dpp.onlyias.in Mail us – [email protected]

Call us - 7007931912
population in India lives in slums which is expected to increase rapidly considering the
huge migration from rural to urban area.
● Overcrowding: In major cities in India like Mumbai, Kolkata, Pune and Kanpur,
somewhere between 85% and 90% of households live in one or two rooms. In some
households, five to six people live in one room.
● Water supply, Drainage and Sanitation: No city has round the clock water supply in
India. Intermittent supply results in a vacuum being created in empty water lines
which often suck in pollutants through leaking joints.
● Pollution: Our towns and cities are major polluters of the environment. Several cities
discharge 40 to 60 percent of their entire sewage and industrial effluents untreated
into the nearby rivers.
● Decreased Group Solidarity: Residential areas in cities all over the world are
segregated on the basis of primordial identities. This segregation causes tension and
gives rise to spatial patterns of communal violence.
● Rural urban divide: As the skilled population moves to cities and considering the trend
of the increased urbanization, government focus has also shifted from rural to urban
areas.
● Urban Crimes: Urbanization in India has not only been fast but also unplanned. This
leads to an imbalance in resource availability that manifests itself in dearth of space,
shelter, food and basic amenities for the rising population leading to competition,
rivalry, insecurity and crimes. As per National
● Waste Generation & Waste Management Issues: Urbanization directly leads to waste
generation, and its unscientific waste handling causes health hazards and urban
environment degradation.
Therefore, the government took many initiatives to resolve the issues.

● Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana - Housing for All (HFA) (Urban Mission) was launched in
June 2015 to provide housing to all in urban areas by 2022.
● Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT)- launched with
the objective to provide hard infrastructure for universal coverage of piped drinking
water, sewerage and green spaces and parks. AMRUT also incentivizes governance
reforms in the cities.
● Developing Smart Cities-Launched in June 2015, Smart Cities Mission aims at driving
economic growth and improving the quality of life through area based development
and city-level smart solutions. The mission would convert 100 existing cities into smart
cities
● Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban)-Launched on 2nd October 2014, Swachh Bharat
Mission (SBM) (Urban) is the key mission driving the campaign to make our cities
clean.
● Deen Dayal Antodaya Yojana– National Urban Livelihood Mission (DAY – NULM)-
aims at creating opportunities for skill development leading to market based
employment and helping the poor to set up self-employment ventures.
Way forward
● Improved Governance:
○ Strengthening Municipalities: The municipal entities need to be strengthened
as local governments with ‛own’ sources of revenue, predictable formula-
based transfers from state governments, and other transfers from the

Call us - 7007931912
Government of India and state governments to help them discharge the larger
responsibilities assigned to them by the 74th Constitutional Amendment.
○ Creation of Waste to Energy plants: To speed up the process of cleaning up
municipal solid waste, NITI Aayog suggests the creation of an authority at the
Centre to spread the use of Waste to Energy plants.
● Inclusive Cities: The poor and lower income groups must be brought into the
mainstream in cities.
● Regulations: intended to manage densities and discourage migration both limit the
supply of land and require many households to consume more land than they would
choose.
● Financing: Devolution has to be supported by more reforms in urban financing that
will reduce cities’ dependence on the Centre and the states and unleash internal
revenue sources.
● Planning: India needs to make urban planning a central, respected function, investing
in skilled people, rigorous fact base and innovative urban form.
● Local capacity building: A real step-up in the capabilities and expertise of urban local
bodies will be critical to devolution and improvement of service delivery.
Conclusion
Solving the Ghetto problems, achieving sustainable cities with adequate basic infrastructure
will help to achieve the SDGs (Goal 11) which states to Promote urban planning as one of the
recommended methods for achieving sustainable development.

Call us - 7007931912

GS Day 13english Synopsis

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

GS Day 13english Synopsis

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

GS Day 13english Synopsis

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

60 Days Daily Free Mains Answer Writing Program for UPSC 2023

Topic: Urbanization, Effects of Globalization on Indian Society,

How to approach the question

To join the program visit – dpp.onlyias.in Mail us – [email protected]

Therefore, the government took many initiatives to resolve the issues.

To join the program visit – dpp.onlyias.in Mail us – [email protected]

To join the program visit – dpp.onlyias.in Mail us – [email protected]

You might also like