Lecture EpithelialTissues

EPITHELIAL TISSUE
Terms referring to the layers
Simple = one layer

Stratified = more than one layer
Pseudostratified = false layered (appears to be more than one
layer, but only one); ciliated = with cilia
Terms referring to the cell shapes
Squamous = flat
Cuboidal = cube
Columnar = rectangular (column)
Transitional = ability to change shape
Apical
surface
Basal Simple
surface
Apical
surface
Basal
surface Stratified
Classification based on number of cell layers.
Squamou
s
Cuboida
l
Columna
Classification
r based on cell
shape.
Types of Epithelial Tissues
1. Simple squamous epithelial tissue (lungs)
2. Simple cuboidal epithelial tissue (kidneys)
3. Simple columnar epithelial tissue (small intestine)
4. Pseudostratified (ciliated) columnar epithelial tissue (trachea lining)
5. Stratified squamous epithelial tissue (mouth lining)
6. Stratified cuboidal epithelial tissue (salivary glands, sweat glands)
7. Stratified columnar epithelial tissue (male reproductive tract)
8 Transitional epithelial tissue (bladder)
a. The tissue may show a full bladder
b. The tissue may show an empty bladder
Figure 4.3a Epithelial tissues.
(a) Simple squamous

epithelium
Description: Single layer of flattened
cells with disc-shaped central nuclei
and sparse cytoplasm; the simplest
of the epithelia.
Air sacs of
Function: Allows passage of lung tissue
materials by diffusion and filtration
in sites where protection is not Nuclei of
important; secretes lubricating squamou
substances in serosae. s
epithelial
cells
Location: Kidney glomeruli; air sacs
of lungs; lining of heart, blood
vessels, and lymphatic vessels;
lining
of ventral body cavity (serosae).
Photomicrograph: Simple squamous epithelium

forming part of the alveolar (air sac) walls (125x).
Figure 4.3b Epithelial tissues.
(b) Simple cuboidal epithelium

Description: Single layer
of
cubelike cells with large,
spherical central nuclei.
Simple
cuboidal
epithelia
l
cells
Function: Secretion
and
absorption.
Basement
Location: Kidney tubules; membran
ducts and secretory portions e
of small glands; ovary
surface.
Connectiv
e
tissue
Photomicrograph: Simple cuboidal
epithelium in kidney tubules (430x).
Figure 4.3c Epithelial tissues.
(c) Simple columnar

epithelium
Description: Single layer of tall cells
with round to oval nuclei; some cells
bear cilia; layer may contain mucus-
secreting unicellular glands (goblet cells).
Simple
columna
r
Function: Absorption; secretion of epithelial
mucus, enzymes, and other substances; cell
ciliated type propels mucus (or
reproductive cells) by ciliary action.
Location: Nonciliated type lines most of
the digestive tract (stomach to anal canal),
gallbladder, and excretory ducts of some
glands; ciliated variety lines small
bronchi, uterine tubes, and some regions Basement
of the uterus. membran
e
Photomicrograph: Simple columnar epithelium

of the stomach mucosa (860X).
Figure 4.3d Epithelial tissues.
(d) Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Description: Single layer of cells of

differing heights, some not reaching
the free surface; nuclei seen at Cilia
different levels; may contain mucus- Mucus of
secreting cells and bear cilia. mucous cell
Pseudo-
stratified
Function: Secretion, particularly of epithelial
mucus; propulsion of mucus by layer
ciliary action.
Location: Nonciliated type in male’s
sperm-carrying ducts and ducts of
large glands; ciliated variety lines
the trachea, most of the upper
respiratory tract.
Basement
membran
Trache Photomicrograph: Pseudostratified ciliated e
a columnar epithelium lining the human trachea (570x).
Figure 4.3e Epithelial tissues.
(e) Stratified squamous epithelium
Description: Thick membrane

composed of several cell layers;
basal cells are cuboidal or columnar
and metabolically active; surface
cells are flattened (squamous); in the
keratinized type, the surface cells
are
full of keratin and dead; basal cells
are active in mitosis and produce the
cells of the more superficial layers.
Stratified
squamous
epithelium
Function: Protects underlying

tissues in areas subjected to abrasion. Nucle
Location: Nonkeratinized type forms iBasement
the moist linings of the esophagus, membran
mouth, and vagina; keratinized variety e
forms the epidermis of the skin, a dry Connectiv
membrane. e
tissue
Photomicrograph: Stratified squamous epithelium
lining the esophagus (285x).
Figure 4.3f Epithelial tissues.
(f) Transitional
epithelium
Description: Resembles both
stratified squamous and stratified
cuboidal; basal cells cuboidal or
columnar; surface cells dome
shaped or squamouslike, depending
on degree of organ stretch.
Transitional
epithelium
Function: Stretches readily and
permits distension of urinary organ
by contained urine.
Location: Lines the ureters, urinary Basement
bladder, and part of the urethra. membran
eConnectiv
e
Photomicrograph: Transitional epithelium lining the urinarytissue
bladder, relaxed state (360X); note the bulbous, or rounded,
appearance of the cells at the surface; these cells flatten and
become elongated when the bladder is filled with urine.
Given the previous examples
(consider the morphology only)
Can you name?

First, the tissue type
Second, where in the body the tissue is found
What kind of tissue does this represent?
Simple squamous epithelial tissue
Where in the body would you find this tissue?

lungs
Simple squamous epithelial tissue (superior view)
Simple cuboidal epithelial tissue

Kidneys (tubules)
The lining of the kidney glomerulus (sing.)/glomeruli (pl.) is simple squamous epithelial tissue
Simple columnar epithelial tissue

small intestine
Pseudostratified (ciliated) columnar epithelial tissue
“false layered”; it looks like more than one layer, but it is not

trachea lining
Stratified squamous epithelial tissue

mouth lining
Stratified cuboidal epithelial tissue

salivary glands, sweat glands
Stratified columnar epithelial tissue

male reproductive tract
Transitional epithelial tissue

empty bladder
Transitional epithelial tissue

distended (full) bladder

Lecture EpithelialTissues

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EPITHELIAL TISSUE

Terms referring to the layers

Simple = one layer

(a) Simple squamous

Photomicrograph: Simple squamous epithelium

(b) Simple cuboidal epithelium

(c) Simple columnar

Photomicrograph: Simple columnar epithelium

(d) Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Description: Single layer of cells of

(e) Stratified squamous epithelium

Description: Thick membrane

Function: Protects underlying

Can you name?

Where in the body would you find this tissue?

Where in the body would you find this tissue?

Where in the body would you find this tissue?

Where in the body would you find this tissue?

Where in the body would you find this tissue?

Where in the body would you find this tissue?

Where in the body would you find this tissue?

Where in the body would you find this tissue?

Where in the body would you find this tissue?

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