Molds Yeast
Molds Yeast
Molds Yeast
Distribution
The fungus occurs in all possible habitats i.e. aquatic, terrestrial (which
grow in soil, on dead and decaying material).
Some grow on plants and animals.
Fungi also present in the air.
In fungus chlorophyll are absent, so they depend on other for food. That
is why fungi may be saprophytes, parasite or symbionts.
Morphology
Yeasts cells are generally larger than most of the bacteria.
Size of yeast ranging from 1 to 5 micrometers in width and from 5 to
30 micrometers in length.
Flagella or other organelles of locomotion are absent in yeast.
Cell wall constituents of fungi are mainly chitin and glucans.
Multicellular fungi are composed of networks of long filamentous
branched structure called hyphae.
The hyphae often aggregate in a thread like dense network known
as mycelium.
The hyphae may be:
Without crosswalls as in the case of lower fungi or, Divided into
compartment by formation of septa in the higher fungi.
Asexual reproduction
1. Sporangiospores.
2. Conidiospores or conidia (conidium).
3. oidia(oidium), arthrospores.
4. Chlamydospores.
5. Blastospores.
Sporangiospores
Single-celled spores.
Formed at the end of hyphae within sacs sporangia or sporangium.
Aplanospores: Non-motile sporangiospores.
Zoospores- motile.
Example- Mucor, Rhizopus.
Chlamydospores
Blastospores
Sexual reproduction
Fruiting bodies
Fruiting bodies are highly organised protective structure in which sexual
and sexual spores may be surrounded.
Acervulus and pycnidium- asexual fruiting bodies.
Perithecium and apothecium- sexual fruiting bodies.
Classification
Fungi are classified in four major divisions:
1. Chytridiomycota
2. Zygomycota
3. Ascomycota
4. Basidomycota
Chytridiomycota
Zygomycota
Ascomycota
Basidomycota