University of St.

La Salle
Integrated School
Science Department
Basic Education Research
SY 2021-2022

SCIENCE INVESTIGATORY PROJECT (SIP)

Basic Concepts in SIP

What is Science Inquiry?
Science inquiry is defined as those activities, explorations, and investigations
where students are involved in the process of exploring the natural or material world,
and that leads them to asking questions, making discoveries, and testing those
discoveries in the search for new understanding. Inquiry, as it relates to science
education, should mirror as closely as possible the enterprise of doing real science.

What is Scientific Method?

The scientific method is the process used to solve problems. This is the process
used by scientists. Scientists spend much of their time conducting experiments and
carefully recording, analyzing, and evaluating the data from experiments. If the
data does not support a hypothesis, scientists must form a new hypothesis and
conduct new experiments. When the data supports a hypothesis, scientists share
their results with other scientists. The scientific method will also be used in doing
science investigations.

What is a Science Investigatory Project?

A Science Investigatory Project uses the scientific method to study and test an
idea about how something works. It involves researching a topic, formulating a working
theory (or hypothesis) that can be tested, conducting the experiment, and recording
and reporting the results.

Integrating Design Thinking in the SIP

What is Design Thinking?

Design thinking is an orientation toward learning that encompasses active problem
solving and believing in one’s ability to create impactful change. Embracing design thinking
as an approach to human-centered problem solving leads to the development of creative
confidence (Kelley & Kelley, 2013).

Design Thinking Process

Empathy the foundation of the human-centered design thinking process. The following
components characterize the empathize mode: • Observation of user behavior in life
contexts • Engaging, interacting and interviewing users • Being able to immerse oneself in
user’s experiences
(Example: You have noticed that there are a lot of mineral water bottle wastes in your house.
Oftentimes, they are just placed in one corner and if not being dumped in a garbage can, which can
affect pollution. At this point, you might think “What can I do to help lessen the solid wastes?)

Define The second part of the design thinking process is define, which is about analyzing
and synthesizing one’s empathy findings into compelling needs and insights. Two goals of
the define mode are to develop a deep understanding of users and the design space and,
based on that understanding, to generate an actionable problem statement. The define
mode is critical to the design process because it frames the problem.
(Example: The situation calls for a problem that needs a strategy on solid waste
management/recycling of materials. At this point you might ask “ What specific product/process can I do
to offer solution to waste materials like mineral water containers? )
Ideate is the third step of the design thinking process- it is focused on idea generation. The
goal of ideation is to explore a wide solution space – both a large quantity of ideas and
diversity among those ideas.
(Example: As a researcher you will explore a wide range of ideas on how to design a specific
solution to the cited needs/problem. At this point, you might be asking : What designs/techniques can I
choose from different options to recycle the solid wastes (mineral water bottle)?)

Prototype The fourth step of the design thinking process is prototyping. A prototype can be
anything that takes a physical form that a user can interact with. Prototypes are
low-resolution and can be storyboards, role-plays, physical objects or services.
(Example: In this stage, you will design and create a sample model (product) that could answer
the purpose of your study. At this point you might ask : How can I make a design and a sample model
(product) to recycle the mineral water containers?)

Test The final step of the design thinking process is testing. Testing is an opportunity to put the
prototype into the hands of users so that one can iterate and refine solutions to better meet
user’s needs.
(Example: An experiment needs to be conducted in order to test the efficiency/usability of the product
created (recycled mineral water container). At this point you might be asking: How does my product work?
Is it efficient? Is it something new?)

Steps in Conducting SIP

In order for you to accomplish the Science Investigatory Project (SIP), you must follow a
step-by-step procedure. The following discusses the basic steps in conducting your SIP.

Step 1: Selecting your topic of interest (Empathy)

Like any research activity, most of the time, the most challenging part of an SIP is figuring
out what you want to investigate. Careful planning and selecting a topic that could elicit you to
investigate is the first step in having a successful SIP. Think about something that interests,
surprises, or confuses you, and consider whether it is something you can reasonably investigate
for SIP.
Make sure the topic you select is investigative, manageable within your time frame,
budget, and skill level, and that it is ethical. However, you can continue and modify your
previous study. This is one way you can expand or better improve your study.

Step 2: Asking your Questions for Investigation (Define)

After selecting your topic of interest and research title, the next essential step is to ask
relevant questions for investigation. This step is considered important because your questions will
serve as your guiding path in achieving the “what” and the “how” of your investigation. At the
end of your research, your goal is to answer the questions you raised from the start.
The following are considerations in stating your questions:
The investigative question should be observable. An answer to your questions can be
observed through the use of a naked eye or any scientific devices like the microscope,
magnifying glass, and the like. The data that one can derive from this question is Qualitative.
The question for investigation should be measurable or quantifiable. In order to provide a
concrete answer to your question, you must provide data coming from measurement like mass
of the crystal, volume of water, bacterial count, refractive index, etc. The data that you can
derive from this question is Quantitative.
The questions are stated reflecting descriptive and inferential perspective. Descriptive
intends to describe the characteristics of a certain specimen, object, or phenomenon while
inferential you are testing your hypothesis and become a basis of your conclusion. The following
sample questions illustrate descriptive and inferential, respectively:

What is the level of growth of pechay plants before and after the use of organic fertilizer?
(descriptive)
Is there a significant difference in the level of growth of pechay plants before and after the
use of organic fertilizer? (inferential)

Note: The second question above is a basis in formulating your hypothesis

Step 3: Reviewing the Literature (Define and Ideate)
As a science researcher, you need to learn more about your topic of interest. Oftentimes,
this is the step where researchers missed, but the relevance of . This step cannot be negated.
You can do this by reading references and science books, searching online, or discussing them
with knowledgeable people. Knowing your topic in more depth will help you construct your SIP
better.
Reading a lot of studies related to your chosen topic can be of great help in developing
your full understanding of your inquiry. Related studies can give you a better idea of how to
answer the questions, the method and procedure to be used, and how the data was analyzed.
Findings of other studies can also give you confirmation or corroboration of your own findings.

Note: There are still a lot of online sources for SIP and if you have the luxury of time you can explore them.
The relevant studies and their findings can be imputed in the writing of your background of the study as
part of your Introduction.

Step 4: Formulating a hypothesis. (Define and Ideate)

If you are done stating your questions and you are clarified by the knowledge provided
by reading the vastness of literature, you are now ready to provide a tentative and scientific
guess to your questions. The hypothesis is your working theory or prediction, based on the
question you've asked and your subsequent research. It needs to be accurate and clear, but it
doesn't need to be proven correct in order for your SIP to be successful (failed experiments are
just as important as successful ones in science).
Stating a hypothesis can be of two forms:
It is often helpful to turn your question into a hypothesis by thinking in "if / then" terms. You
may want to frame your hypothesis (at least initially) as "If [I do this], then [this will happen]."
You can also frame your hypothesis in a null form: There is no significant difference in the…

Step 5: Planning your experiment. (Ideate)

The next step after formulating your hypothesis is to test if you will accept or reject it. After
you have formulated your hypothesis, it is time to test whether it is valid or not. The experiment
you design should focus exclusively on either confirming or refuting your hypothesis. Remember,
it's not important if you're right, it's important how you conduct the process.
In preparing your experiment, you have to consider the variables as a key in setting up your
experiment. Scientific experiments have three types of variables: independent (those changed
by you); dependent (those that change in response to the independent variable); and
controlled (those that remain the same).
In an experimental design, you have to set up and consider your control and,
experimental groups. In the experimental group, you will introduce your treatment while the
control group has no treatment at all. Control group serves as a basis for comparison.
Moreover, when planning your experiment, go back to your questions for investigations
and focus on how you will be able to answer these. Likewise, consider the materials that you will
need. You can check the availability of materials, chemical reagents, and equipment.
Furthermore, the most important consideration when planning for an experiment is the
safety guidelines and ethical considerations. Make sure that you use the proper lab gown and
be equipped with the necessary safety measures prior to your experiment. Follow ethical
standards set especially on disposing of chemicals and handling biological specimens.

Step 6: Conducting your experiment (Prototype and Test)

After you are done preparing and planning for your experiment, you are now ready to
conduct it for the purpose of testing your hypothesis and answering your questions for
investigations. Closely follow the steps that you have planned to test your experiment. However,
if your test cannot be conducted as planned, reconfigure your steps or try different materials.
Always remember to have at least three trials for your testing, measurement, or
observation. This is to ensure the reliability of your measurement or observation.
Likewise, it is important to have a data table wherein you can record your observations or
measurements. This consideration is very essential as you proceed to the next step of doing your
SIP.

Step 7: Recording and analyzing your results

 While conducting an experiment, it is an important consideration to record what you
observe and measure. Data can be recorded and presented in tabular or graphical form.
Again, in framing your data recording sheet, you have to go back to your questions for
investigation and review the variables under study. Likewise, record what happens to your
dependent variable and what happens in the experimental and control groups.
Whenever you record the data, make sure it is easy to review and analyze. Keep
accurate records of all your results, even if they don't turn out the way you hoped or planned.
When analyzing the data, look for trends, patterns, and effects. Take a closer look also into the
relationship of your variables. Most importantly, if you are finding the significant difference
between the experimental and control group or difference before and after the treatment,
don’t forget to treat them using appropriate statistical tools.
These are some questions to consider when analyzing your scientific data:
Does the data provide answers to my questions for investigations?
What consistent observations can you find in the table/graph?
If the independent variables are changed, what effect does it has on the dependent
variable?
Is the change significant enough for you to conclude as the basis to accept or reject your
hypothesis?
Step 8: Drawing your conclusion
Since you have conducted your experiment and either confirmed or refuted your
hypothesis, it is time to clearly and accurately state your findings. In essence, you are now
answering the question you originally asked.
This step in your SIP represents a culmination of your research investigations. This is the
time for you to give your reader accurate answers to your questions for investigation.
When you draw the conclusion, state it in a direct, objective, and clear manner. Focus only on
what your findings reveal and provide a clear and comprehensive conclusion on your
hypothesis. State if you accept or reject your hypothesis and provide implication about it.

Mechanics in Writing the SIP Manuscript

The University of St. La Salle imposes specific requirements for the format of research to
promote consistency among students, improve the appearance of the research paper, and
facilitate better communication among readers.
Paper
Heavy white bond paper (substance 20) of standard size (8 ½ x 11 inches or 22 x 28 cm) be
used. Each paper must be the same size.

Typeface
The preferred typeface is Times New Roman with 12 font size.

Spacing
A 4 line spacing is required between the major heading and the first line of the first
paragraph. A 2 line spacing is required throughout most of the paper, however single
spacing can be used for tables, headings, figures, captions, references but 2 spacing is used
between references and long quotations.

Margins
One inch margin is observed on all sides except the left margin which is 1.5 inches. The right
margin is ragged.

Page Number
Number all pages except preliminaries. The page number should appear at least 1 inch from
the right-hand edge of the page, in the space between the top edge of the paper and the
first line of the text.
Preliminary pages (small letters)
Body of the paper (in Hindu Arabic)
Appendices and other (in Hindu Arabic)

Indention
Indent the first line of every paragraph. For consistency, use the tab key which should be set
five to seven spaces or ½ inch.
Major Sections
Major sections begin on a new page centered, labeled, and capitalized. All major sections
contain an introductory sentence.

Abstract
The length of an abstract is between 250 and 300 words. It is typed in block form and in single
space.

Tables
Observe APA (6th edition) format.

Figures
Observe APA (6th edition) format.

Components of the SIP Manuscript

Preliminaries

Title Page
Approval Sheet
Acknowledgment
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
Abstract

Major Sections

Introduction
Background of the Study
Questions for Investigation
Hypothesis
Methods
Research Design
Subjects of the Study (for biological study only)
Materials
Procedure
Data Analysis
Statistical Treatment
Ethical Considerations
Results and Discussion
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Appendices
Description of Major Components of the SIP Manuscript

ABSTRACT
summarizes, in one paragraph (usually), the major aspects of the entire paper
may be written between 200 and 300 words

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Provides a background/scenario which leads to the present investigations
Cites existing literature that requires, supports, or promotes the importance of the
topic ·
Mentions some related studies and briefly discusses their findings
Discusses how the existing problem has been addressed so far and how it can be
further explored ·
Links all this to the aim of the study

Questions for Investigation

Just like objectives, these questions guide your entire study
Stated in the descriptive and inferential form

Hypothesis·
A scientific guess or a tentative answer or explanation to your questions

METHODS

Research Design
States the research design used in the study
Briefly discusses the characteristics and applicability of the research design
Explains what methods have been employed in using this design

Materials
List important materials and chemical reagents needed in the experiment
Includes exact quantity and amount needed

Data-Gathering Procedure
States the steps in gathering data in paragraph form

Statistical Treatment
States the statistical method(s) used in treating each problem
States the statistical software used in processing the data

Ethical Considerations
States the necessary actions to address adherence to ethical standards on
handling and disposing of chemicals and biological specimens
States the principles related to research ethics that are followed by the
researcher(s) in conducting the study

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Results
Presents key results without interpretation, in an orderly and logical sequence using
both text and illustrative materials
Discussion
 Interprets results in the light of what was already known about the subject of the
investigation
May compare results with the results of previous research

CONCLUSION (May include conclusion, implications, and recommendations.)

Conclusion
Formulates statements on the basis of the problems, hypothesis stated and the
findings gathered from the study.
Supports these statements by citing specific findings of the study

Implications
Explains what the findings imply/suggest
Discusses how the findings can affect the immediate sectors of the institution or
community
Suggests future studies that can be done in the light of the findings gathered from
the study

Recommendations
Enumerates what suggestions can be given based on the findings

REFERENCES ·
Gives an alphabetical listing of sources used and cited in the paper
Follows the prescribed format (APA 6) in the discipline

APPENDICES ·
Contains information that is non-essential to the understanding of the paper but
may present information that further clarifies a point without burdening the
body of the presentation ·
Scanned copies may be allowed using standard size of paper
Differentiated SIP

STRUCTURED SIP

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

This scientific investigation focuses on determining the
__________________________________________________________________________. It has
been observed that _________________________________________________This prompted the
researchers to conduct an investigation about
___________________________________________________________________________________
because ____________________________________.

According to the study of ________________________________. It was found out that

____________________________________________________________. Furthermore, another study
conducted by __________________________________________________________ revealed that
___________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________. Lastly, a study was performed by
__________________________ resulted to the findings of __________________________________.

This study is significant to _______ because it can help them

___________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________ The results of this study may further enhance the advancement in
________________________________________________________ which could give an important
impact on ______________________________.

Questions for Investigation

This science investigation aims to __________________________________ the effect of

__________________________ to the ________________ of _________________.

Specifically, it aims to answer the following questions:

What is the level of _______________________ in the ______________ and

______________ group?

Is there a significant difference in the level of _____________ in the ________ and

___________?

Hypothesis

There is no significant difference in the ________________ .

 METHODS

Research Design

This study will utilize the Experimental design. An experimental design is a

planned experiment set up to test your hypothesis and to find out if your hypothesis
incorrect (Science Stuff, 2006). The experimental setup will receive
____________________ while the control setup will the _______________________.
The independent variable is the ______________________________ used and the
dependent variable is the ___________________.

Subjects of the Study ( for biological study only)

The subjects of the study will be ______________________. It has a scientific name of

_______________________________.

Materials

The following are the materials needed for the experiment:

________________ _________________

________________ _________________

Procedure:

The following are the step-by-step process in the conduct of experiment:

First the _______________________. Then ,

___________________________________________________________________.
Afterwhich ___________________________.Lastly, _________________________

Data Analysis:

In order to answer the specific problems of the study, the data will be
recorded, organized and presented using Table 1.

Table 1. Title of the table (insert table below)

Statistical Treatment

For problem 1, mean will be used. For problem 2. t-test will be used.

Ethical Consideration
 GUIDED SIP

Introduction

Background of the Study

Discuss the problem/topic under investigation (1st paragraph)

What is the topic of your investigation all about?
______________________________________________________________________
What are the reasons that prompted you to investigate the problem?
______________________________________________________________________
Relate the problem/topic on related literature and studies (2nd paragraph)
What are the relevant ideas related to your topic of investigation?
______________________________________________________________________
What are some important studies conducted that can be linked to your
study?
______________________________________________________________________
Discuss the relevance of the study (3rd paragraph)
What is the importance of your study to the present needs?
______________________________________________________________________
How does your research output may be directly useful to
people/community?
______________________________________________________________________
How does your research output introduce new science ideas?
______________________________________________________________________
Questions for Investigation

What are your specific questions to investigate?

__________________________________________________________________

Hypothesis

What is your tentative answer to your questions for investigation?

_____________________________________________________________________

METHODS

Research Design

What is the research design (experimental, descriptive) to be used in your study? (Define)

_____________________________________________________________________

Why does this specific research design appropriate to be used in your study?

_____________________________________________________________________

How does this research design appropriate for your study?

_____________________________________________________________________

Subjects of the Study (for biological study only)

What is the specimen (animal, plants, bacteria) that you will use? (Identify the scientific name)
 _____________________________________________________________________

Why does the specimen an appropriate subject of the study?

_____________________________________________________________________

Materials

What science equipment/materials are needed to conduct your study? (mention the quantity)

_____________________________________________________________________

What chemical reagents are needed for your experiment? (mention exact amount with units)

_____________________________________________________________________

Procedure

What are the step-by-step process you will carry out for your experiment?

Data Analysis

What is the basis of interpreting your data findings?

Statistical Treatment

What statistical treatments are you going to use in order to answer you questions?

Ethical Consideration
What ethical principles and standards should be followed in the conduct of your study?
 SELF-DIRECTED SIP

Introduction

Provide the following:

Introduction

Background of the Study

Questions for Investigations

Hypothesis

Methods

Research Design

Materials

Procedure

Data Analysis

Statistical Treatment

Ethical Consideration
SAMPLE SECTIONS OF THE PAPER (SIP PROPOSAL ONLY)

Sample Title Page

EFFECT OF GARLIC, ONION , HONEY, AND CALAMANSI MIXTURE ON

BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL

A Science Investigatory Project

Presented to the Faculty
of University of St. La Salle
Integrated School
Bacolod City

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements
in Science 8

Members

____________
_____________
_____________

Date
Sample Introduction

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

This scientific investigation focuses on determining the effects of garlic, onion, honey,
and calamansi mixture on high blood sugar level in white mice which could likewise be
applied to lower blood glucose level of diabetic person. Diabetes mellitus is a disease in which
blood sugar levels are too high because too little insulin is produced by the pancreas
preventing cells from absorbing glucose in food, resulting glucose to go into the bloodstream
which results to high blood sugar level ("Diabetes: Symptoms, Causes and Treatments,"
2016). Since uncontrolled blood sugar can lead to diabetes, a lot of people are suffering from
the said ailment, the problem is that most of the people who suffered from the disease weren't
able to take proper medications due to its high cost resulting in complications worsening
through time that would eventually lead to death. This prompted the researchers to conduct an
investigation about testing the effect of garlic, onion, honey, and calamansi mixture on high
blood sugar level and if the said mixture could act as a substitute for Metformin, an
anti-diabetic drug in the market used for the treatment of Diabetes mellitus.

Garlic contains APDS (allyl propyl disulphide), allicin (diallyl disulphide oxide), and
flavonoids which act as insulin in regulating blood sugar (Garlic and Diabetes Benefits, 2013).
According to Barrett (2012), “Onions contain a compound called APDS (allyl propyl
disulphide) which harness blood sugar-lowering effects”. Honey and Calamansi contain
substances such as antioxidants which increase serum levels of insulin while reducing serum
concentrations of glucose (Erejuwa, 2014). There are several researches that are somewhat
similar to this investigation, an example would be research entitled "The antidiabetic effect of
onion and garlic in experimental diabetic rats: meta-analysis" wherein they evaluated the
effect of onion and garlic in experimentally induced diabetic rats by meta-analysis of related
studies and were able to prove that the onion and garlic extract intake may be effective for
lowering plasma glucose concentrations and body weight (Kook, Kim, and Choi, 2009).
Another study tackled the benefits of garlic in diabetes management entitled "The benefit of
Garlic in Diabetes Management" conducted by some scientists in the year 2011 wherein they
were finding out if garlic could reduce blood sugar level as well as offering other benefits in
the treatment of the metabolic condition and were able to conclude that moderate amounts of
garlic supplements could offer benefits to diabetic patients and that raw or cooked garlic
extract can help regulate blood glucose and potentially stop or lower the effects of some
diabetes complications. Lastly, a study was performed entitled "Effect of essential oil of onion
(allyl propyl disulphide) on blood glucose, free fatty acid and insulin levels of normal
subjects" in 1975 wherein they observed a significant fall of sugar level after the treatment of
oil of onion on blood glucose and were able to find out that the blood sugar level has
significantly changed after treating the subjects with the oil of onion.

Nowadays, several researches are discovered to regulate blood sugar but many of
these treatments are expensive and mostly came abroad. This study is essential because it can
help the medical schools and people in our community since there is a very high percent
chance of producing new pharmaceutical drugs or supplements which will reduce blood sugar
level and is also both natural and effective. The investigation if ever will be successful can
benefit the health care institutions in a way that they can provide more help in treating diabetic
people, it can also help diabetic people to take in medicine that is affordable yet potent enough
to be a substitute for insulin. The results of this study may further enhance the advancement in
medical science using alternative medicine that will foster proper treatment for the people
affected by the ailment.

Questions for Investigation

The integral aim of this study is to answer the questions:

What is the blood sugar level of white mice before and after the treatments?

Is there a significant difference in the blood sugar level before and after the
treatments?

Hypothesis

There is no significant difference in the blood sugar level before and after treatments.
 METHODS

This section presents the research design, materials, chemical reagents,

equipment, procedure, and data analysis of this study.

Research Design

This study will utilize the Experimental design. An experimental design is a

planned experiment set up to test your hypothesis and to find out if your hypothesis is
incorrect (Science Stuff, 2006). The experimental setup will receive a mixture while
the control setup will receive the Metformin treatment. The data to be collected will be
the glucose level which represents quantitative data. The independent variable is the
type of treatment used and the dependent variable is the blood sugar level in white
mice.

Materials

The following materials and equipment will be used in the conduct of the
experiment:

Medicine Dropper Glucometer garlic

Electric Blender gloves onion
Weighing Scale copping board honey
Bowl strainer calamansi

Procedure:

The following shows the step-by-step procedure in conducting the experiment:

Gather all the materials needed for the experiment.

Chop the garlic and onions into cubes.
Mix the honey, calamansi juice, garlic, and onion using the electric blender.
Strain the blended mixture.
Measure the amount of the product and transfer it to a clean bowl.
Label each white mouse with A, B, and C.
Measure their blood sugar level.
Treat Mouse A with 0.5 ml of the mixture.
Treat Mouse B with 0.5 mg of Metformin tablet.
Measure their new blood sugar level to determine the effect of the mixture.
Record the given data after the experiment.
There will be 3 trials to be done.

Data Analysis

In order to answer the specific problems of the study, the data will be recorded,
organized and presented using Table 1.

Table 1. Blood sugar level before and after the treatments

Group Treatment Glucose Interpretation Glucose Interpretation

Level Level
(Before) (After)
Experimental Garlic, onion,
honey,
calamansi
Mixture
Control Metformin

Table 2 shows the blood sugar level chart to be used as a basis for interpreting
the glucose level before and after the treatments:

Table 2. Blood sugar level chart

Fasting Just Ate 3 hours after eating

Normal 80-100 170-200 120-140

Pre-diabetic 101-125 190-230 140-160

Diabetic 126+ 220-300 200+

Statistical Analysis

In order to answer problem 2 and to test the hypothesis of this study which
aims to determine the significant difference in the level of blood sugar level before
and after the treatments, dependent samples t-test will be used.

Ethical Consideration

In order to prevent undue suffering, ethical considerations in animal

studies should be considered. First, animal experiments must

be replaced wherever possible by other methods such as mathematical

modeling, or an in vitro biological system. Second, there must be

a reduction in the number of animals used. Only the number required to

obtain reliable data must be used in an experiment. A thorough literature

search must be done beforehand to prevent duplicating experiments.

Third, the study must be refined to minimize its overall impact on the

animals used.
Rubric for Evaluation (SIP Proposal)

Rating Observation Key Proficiency Qualitative Description

4 Highly Evident Very Good The identified item/section of the paper explicitly contains a comprehensive as
well as well written content.
3 Evident Good The identified item/section of the paper contains a substantial as well as a well
written content.
2 Somewhat evident Average The identified item/section of the paper contains only some essential parts and
is slightly written well.
1 Not evident Low The identified item/section of the paper does not contain essential
parts and is not written well.

Items/Sections of the Paper Rating

General Format
The correct format including font style, font size, margin, line spacing is followed all throughout the paper.
The prescribed format for in text citation of related literature and studies is applied.
Introduction
The introduction clearly discusses the topic/problem under investigation and its importance
Relevant concepts and related studies are shown to support the framework of the study.
The questions for investigation are specific, measurable, attainable and correctly stated.
The hypothesis is scientific, stated correctly and can be tested through an experiment.
Methods
The research design, setups and variables are clearly presented.
The necessary chemical reagents, apparatuses and equipment are completely identified.
A detailed step-by-step process and the number of trials are presented.
The manner of data collection, organization and analysis is correctly presented.
The statistical tools are appropriately presented in answer to the specific problems
Scientific Innovation and Impact to the Community
The study introduces a new and alternative solution to problems in the community and
environment.