[1] Naguiat v. NLRC 2.

Individual respondents were previously employed by CFTI as taxicab

drivers. During their employment, they were required to pay a daily
GR No.116123 | March 13, 1997 | Torts: Definition| Salgado "boundary fee" in the amount of US$26.50 for those working from 1:00
a.m. to 12:00 noon, and US$27.00 for those working from 12:00 noon to
Petitioner: Sergio F. Naguiat et al. 12:00 midnight. All incidental expenses for the maintenance of the vehicles
Respondents: National Labor Relations Commision (3 rd division) et al. they were driving were accounted against them, including gasoline
expenses.
Recit-Ready Facts: 3. Due to the phase-out of the US military bases in the Philippines, from
Sergio Naguiat was the President of the family-owned corporation Clark Field Taxi, which Clark Air Base was not spared, the AAFES was dissolved, and the
services of individual respondents were officially terminated on November
Inc. (CFTI). Sergio’s brother, Antolin, was the Vice President. CFTI employed
26, 1991.
respondents as taxicab drivers because CFTI had an agreement with Army Air Force 4. The AAFES Taxi Drivers Association ("drivers' union"), through its local
Services (AAFES) for the operation of taxi services within Clark Air Base. AAFES president, Eduardo Castillo, and CFTI held negotiations as regards
dissolved because the US military bases in the Philippines got phased-out. separation benefits that should be awarded in favor of the drivers. They
Consequently, the taxicab drivers were terminated. The “taxicab drivers’ union” arrived at an agreement that the separated drivers will be given P500.00
negotiated for separation benefits. CFTI and the drivers’ union agreed on the amount for every year of service as severance pay. Most of the drivers accepted
of P500 for every year of service as severance pay. But individual respondents said amount in December 1991 and January 1992. However, individual
respondents herein refused to accept theirs.
refused to accept theirs and filed a complaint against Naguiat et al for payment of
5. Instead, after disaffiliating themselves from the drivers' union, individual
separation pay alleging that they were regular employees. But Naguiat et al
respondents, through the National Organization of Workingmen
countered that they cannot be held solidarily liable for the separation pay because
("NOWM"), a labor organization which they subsequently joined, filed a
they were denied due process as they were not made parties to the complaint. The
complaint5 against "Sergio F. Naguiat doing business under the name and
Supreme Court held: “ In the broader interest of justice, we, however, hold that
style Sergio F. Naguiat Enterprises, Inc., Army-Air Force Exchange Services
Sergio F. Naguiat, in his capacity as president of CFTI, cannot be exonerated from
(AAFES) with Mark Hooper as Area Service Manager, Pacific Region, and
joint and several liability in the payment of separation pay to individual
AAFES Taxi Drivers Association with Eduardo Castillo as President," for
respondents… Sergio Naguiat is held solidarily liable for corporate tort because he
payment of separation pay due to termination/phase-out. Said complaint
had actively engaged in the management and operation of CFTI, a close corporation.”
was later amended6 to include additional taxi drivers who were similarly
situated as complainants, and CFTI with Antolin T. Naguiat as vice
Doctrine:
president and general manager, as party respondent.
Essentially, "tort" consists in the violation of a right given or the omission of a duty
6. In their complaint, herein private respondents alleged that they were
imposed by law. Simply stated, tort is a breach of a legal duty. regular employees of Naguiat Enterprises, although their individual
applications for employment were approved by CFTI. They claimed to have
FACTS: been assigned to Naguiat Enterprises after having been hired by CFTI, and
that the former thence managed, controlled and supervised their
1. Petitioner CFTI held a concessionaire's contract with the Army Air Force
employment. They averred further that they were entitled to separation
Exchange Services ("AAFES") for the operation of taxi services within Clark
pay based on their latest daily earnings of US$15.00 for working sixteen
Air Base. Sergio F. Naguiat was CFTI's president, while Antolin T. Naguiat
(16) days a month.
was its vice-president. Like Sergio F. Naguiat Enterprises, Incorporated
7. Petitioner-corporations would likewise want to avoid the solidary liability
("Naguiat Enterprises"), a trading firm, it was a family-owned corporation.
of their officers. To bolster their position, Sergio F. Naguiat and Antolin T.
1
 Naguiat specifically aver that they were denied due process since they 5. The Court here finds no application to the rule that a corporate officer
were not parties to the complaint below.  cannot be held solidarily liable with a corporation in the absence of
evidence that he had acted in bad faith or with malice.  39 In the present
ISSUE: Whether or not Sergio Naguiat can be held solidarily liable for corporate case, Sergio Naguiat is held solidarily liable for corporate tort because he
tort. Yes had actively engaged in the management and operation of CFTI, a close
corporation.
6. Additional info just in case: Antolin T. Naguiat was the vice president of the
CFTI. Although he carried the title of "general manager" as well, it had not
RATIO: been shown that he had acted in such capacity. Furthermore, no evidence
1. Sergio F. Naguiat, admittedly, was the president of CFTI who actively on the extent of his participation in the management or operation of the
managed the business. Thus, applying the ruling in A.C. Ransom, he falls
business was preferred. In this light, he cannot be held solidarily liable for
within the meaning of an "employer" as contemplated by the Labor Code,
who may be held jointly and severally liable for the obligations of the the obligations of CFTI and Sergio Naguiat to the private respondents.
corporation to its dismissed employees.
2. Our jurisprudence is wanting as to the definite scope of "corporate tort." Disposition of the Court
Essentially, "tort" consists in the violation of a right given or the omission WHEREFORE, the foregoing premises considered, the petition is PARTLY GRANTED.
of a duty imposed by law.  35 Simply stated, tort is a breach of a legal The assailed February 28, 1994 Resolution of the NLRC is hereby MODIFIED as
duty. 36 Article 283 of the Labor Code mandates the employer to grant follows:
separation pay to employees in case of closure or cessation of operations (1) Petitioner Clark Field Taxi, Incorporated, and Sergio F. Naguiat, president and co-
of establishment or undertaking not due to serious business losses or owner thereof, are ORDERED to pay, jointly and severally, the individual
financial reverses, which is the condition obtaining at bar. CFTI failed to respondents their separation pay computed at US$120.00 for every year of service,
comply with this law-imposed duty or obligation. Consequently, its or its peso equivalent at the time of payment or satisfaction of the judgment;
stockholder who was actively engaged in the management or operation of (2) Petitioner Sergio F. Naguiat Enterprises, Incorporated, and Antolin T. Naguiat are
the business should be held personally liable. ABSOLVED from liability in the payment of separation pay to individual
3. Furthermore, in MAM Realty Development vs. NLRC, 37 the Court respondents.
recognized that a director or officer may still be held solidarily liable with a
corporation by specific provision of law. xxx As pointed out earlier, the fifth
paragraph of Section 100 of the Corporation Code specifically imposes
personal liability upon the stockholder actively managing or operating the
business and affairs of the close corporation.
4. In fact, in posting the surety bond required by this Court for the issuance of
a temporary restraining order enjoining the execution of the assailed NLRC
Resolutions, only Sergio F. Naguiat, in his individual and personal capacity,
principally bound himself to comply with the obligation thereunder, i.e.,
"to guarantee the payment to private respondents of any damages which
they may incur by reason of the issuance of a temporary restraining order
sought, if it should be finally adjudged that said principals were not
entitled thereto.