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    CIBSE ASHRAE Oct 12 2016 - 5 - Frank Mills PDF

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    SHARATH GOWDA J
    The document provides an overview of ASHRAE's Cold Climate Design Guide. It discusses the challenges of designing HVAC systems for cold climates, including considerations for cold, snow, wind, sun, rain and condensation. It outlines the agenda and contents of the guide, which was published in 2015 and provides information on commonly faced issues in arctic and subarctic climates. The guide addresses sustainability, human comfort, utilities, strategic design, HVAC design processes and calculations, building envelopes, design considerations, controls and commissioning.

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    CIBSE ASHRAE Oct 12 2016 - 5 - Frank Mills PDF

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    SHARATH GOWDA J
    118 views42 pages
    The document provides an overview of ASHRAE's Cold Climate Design Guide. It discusses the challenges of designing HVAC systems for cold climates, including considerations for cold, snow, wind, sun, rain and condensation. It outlines the agenda and contents of the guide, which was published in 2015 and provides information on commonly faced issues in arctic and subarctic climates. The guide addresses sustainability, human comfort, utilities, strategic design, HVAC design processes and calculations, building envelopes, design considerations, controls and commissioning.

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    CIBSE ASHRAE Oct 12 2016 - 5 - Frank Mills.pdf

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    The document provides an overview of ASHRAE's Cold Climate Design Guide. It discusses the challenges of designing HVAC systems for cold climates, including considerations for cold, snow, wind, sun, rain and condensation. It outlines the agenda and contents of the guide, which was published in 2015 and provides information on commonly faced issues in arctic and subarctic climates. The guide addresses sustainability, human comfort, utilities, strategic design, HVAC design processes and calculations, building envelopes, design considerations, controls and commissioning.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    118 views42 pages

    CIBSE ASHRAE Oct 12 2016 - 5 - Frank Mills PDF

    Uploaded by

    SHARATH GOWDA J
    The document provides an overview of ASHRAE's Cold Climate Design Guide. It discusses the challenges of designing HVAC systems for cold climates, including considerations for cold, snow, wind, sun, rain and condensation. It outlines the agenda and contents of the guide, which was published in 2015 and provides information on commonly faced issues in arctic and subarctic climates. The guide addresses sustainability, human comfort, utilities, strategic design, HVAC design processes and calculations, building envelopes, design considerations, controls and commissioning.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 42

    ASHRAE’s Cold Climate

    Design Guide
    Frank Mills Chartered Engineer,
    MASHRAE, FICBSE MIMechE
    Technical Director
    Low Carbon Design Consultants
    Outline/Agenda
    Things to Consider while Designing HVAC
    Systems for a Cold Climate…..
    ….Cold, Snow, Wind, Sun, Rain, condensation …
    …and Cities
    ASHRAE Guide for
    Buildings in Cold PRESS
    RELEASE
    Climates
    1791 Tullie Circle, NE • Atlanta, GA 30329-2305•404-636-
    • First Edition 2015 8400 • www.ashrae.org

    Contact: Jodi Scott


    • ASHRAE Supervising Public Relations
    678-539-1140

    Technical Committee [email protected]

    Cold Climate Challenges Addressed in New

    • MTG.CCDG Committee Publication from ASHRAE

    ATLANTA – Buildings in arctic and subarctic climates


    now operating face not only challenges related to cold but also
    remoteness, limited utilities, permafrost and extreme

    • Next edition 2018 temperature shifts. Designers must meet these


    challenges while keeping occupants comfortable
    andminimizing impact on the environment.

    • Next Cold Climate The newly published “Cold-Climate Buildings Design


    Guide” from ASHRAE provides information on the issues
    commonly faced by designers in these climates. The
    conference May 2018, idea for the guide came from a working session held at
    the 7th International Cold-Climate Design Conference
    Sweden held in 2012 and co-sponsored by ASHRAE, SCANVAC
    and REHVA.
    ASHRAE design guides – for example
    • ASHRAE Advanced Energy
    Design Guides:
    – Prescriptive path for achieving 30%
    energy efficiency over Standard 90.1-
    1999
    – Not a code or standard
    – Provides recommendations for
    achieving goal
    – AEDG for Small Office Buildings
    – AEDG for Small Retail Buildings
    – AEDG for K-12 School Buildings
    – AEDG for Small Warehouses and Self-
    Storage Buildings
    – AEDG for Highway Lodging
    Cold Climate Buildings
    Design Guide
    1. Cold Climates
    2. Sustainability
    3. Human comfort in the indoor environment
    4. Utilities in buildings
    5. Strategic design
    6. Building HVAC design process
    7. HVAC design calculations
    8. Building Envelope
    9. Design considerations
    10. Control
    11. Commissioning
    Appendix : Case studies
    • Institutional building Edmonton
    • Snow and ice melting
    • Commercial building, Albany
    • Energy environment experiential learning
    project, Calgary
    • Bullitt Centre, Seattle
    • Walgreens Evanston
    • Multipurpose Industrial facility, Bassano
    UK is a cold country

    • Me - near
    where I live
    UK is a cold country
    • In the UK the Provision of Heat
    Represents Over 40% of the
    Total Annual Energy Demand.
    • The UK uses more energy for
    heating than for anything else
    such as………
    UK is a cold country

    • And yet we
    throw away
    15%
    more heat
    each year Most power
    than we need stations
    convert only 30%
    to 35% of the input 50%
    energy into
    electricity. The rest
    is rejected as
    waste heat.
    Wasted heat from UK Power stations
    • UK wastes more heat
    from Power stations than
    it needs for heating
    • Value of this waste heat –
    around £ 150 Billion per
    year.
    • Produces over 160 Million
    tonnes CO2
    Missed opportunity – UK Power
    stations waste heat

    • Developing heat
    networks capable of
    taking GW of heat
    • Distance from
    Power stations to
    cities
    • Disruption installing
    heat mains
    Heathrow Airport shut due to cold in 2011
    Snow travel chaos 'cost
    £280m a day'
    •Transport Secretary Philip Hammond said it
    cost the UK economy ‘about £280m a day’
    •Heathrow suffered "enormous damage" to its
    reputation
    •At a cost of….a lot. This affected flights
    worldwide – and upset many people
    •BAA chief executive Colin Matthews - Heathrow
    "overwhelmed" after far more snow fell than the
    2.4in ‘it had planned for’.
    •"There will always be disruption if we get 6in or
    8in of snow," Mr Hammond said.
    •Thousands of passengers were left stranded at
    the airport as 4,000 flights were cancelled over
    five days because of heavy snow before
    Christmas
    Example of how heat networks save money
    'Too much snow' grounded Planes stuck in snow
    Heathrow Airport flights
    • The snow cost BAA £20m at
    Heathrow
    In retrospect we should have
    had a plan for more snow than
    6cm
    • Operations at Heathrow almost
    came to halt before Christmas,
    with thousands of travellers
    jamming terminals.
    • He said BAA had done "all we
    possibly could" for passengers
    • But BAA could have installed
    ground slab heating using waste
    heat from the terminal cooling
    system and CHP plant
    Low temperature
    waste heat into
    airport
    hardstandings –
    melts snow and
    gets rid of heat
    Cost of heating airport hardstanding areas

    At time of construction….
    § Buried pipes in concrete = £ 2M
    § Cost of heat system = £0 – use existing
    waste heat
    § Cost of waste heat = £0
    Payback time

    § Airport losses = £208M/day = £145,000 per minute

    § £2m investment to prevent losses would be recouped in


    15 minutes
    The Heathrow answer – is it right one???
    Heathrow airport triples snow clearance fleet

    § Heathrow airport has tripled the number of snow clearance


    vehicles to tackle severe winter weather.
    § Operator BAA also has three times as many staff ready to
    clear snow compared with last year.
    § BAA said it now has 185 snow clearance vehicles and has
    468 staff per shift, compared to 117 last year
    § BAA has invested £32.4m in 2012 to tackle severe weather
    § BAA criticised following 2011 disruptions - report accused the
    operator of a breakdown in communication and lack of
    "preparedness" for the bad weather.
    § After the publication of the Winter Resilience Enquiry Report,
    BAA promised to invest £50m to avoid facing disruptions on a
    similar scale.
    Content Slides

    • Cold regions present


    challenges in design,
    construction, operation
    and maintenance
    • Make your project easy
    to build, operate and
    maintain!
    Building Envelope
    Component
    – Objectives of building envelope chapter
    of the Cold Climate Design Guide
    • Why the Envelope?
    • Interdependencies and Opportunities
    • Envelope Requirements
    • Envelope Design
    • Envelope Assembly Considerations
    Why the Envelope?

    Several objectives to meet in design;

    • Thermal control
    • Water vapor control
    • Precipitation control
    • Durability and serviceability
    • Human habitability and comfort
    Envelope Design
    – Step by step process on
    making envelope design
    decisions
    • Overall building design

    Why maybe this


    isn’t the best
    design solution
    for a cold
    climate…
    Passive heat loss via structure

    Actual
    energy
    actually
    being lost!
    Why the Envelope?

    – Directly affects building durability


    Lawyers,
    contractors,
    repairs –
    Oh my !
    Envelope

    • Interdependencies and Opportunities


    – Intimately related to mechanical design

    All these
    arrows can
    actually
    mean
    stuff…
    Envelope Requirements

    • Thermal control: limit heat flow from the building


    Water vapour
    • Envelope Requirements
    – Water vapour control: limit water vapour
    deposition within the envelope

    We cover
    both!
    Water vapour control:

    • limit water vapour condensation within the


    envelope
    Content Slides

    • Envelope Assembly Considerations


    Strategic issues
    Consider the outdoor conditions and the location.
    – Are outside design conditions known? If not can they be found?
    Wind, humidity, elevation? Are 99% conditions adequate?
    – local maintain or operator, remote access for internet
    troubleshooting or access by service company
    – fuel choices, costs of fuels and electricity, transportation, cultural
    Fuels – Biomass = Renewable Fuel Heat Plant

    Slide courtesy Chris Gaul, NREL


    Featuring Barnsley, Yorkshire

    This
    building is
    heated with
    wood
    Life cycle costs

    • Look at capital cost and life cycle cost.


    A better quality product may be much
    easier to maintain.
    Heating
    • Conserve what heat you have-insulate! Recover heat
    • Can waste heat (from community power plant) or other facility be
    used/ trenching, piping and insulation costs may be prohibitive.
    • Hydronic systems are more efficient and better for heating than air
    systems. The majority of heating loads will probably be in ventilation
    air.
    • Heat pumps can be used in some cases but supplementary heating
    can be required.
    Ventilation
    • Minimizing outside air while
    maintaining adequate fresh air
    Plant maintenance
    • Locate where accessible and can be
    worked on in cold weather
    •
    Humidity control
    • Watch humidification
    • Avoid condensation
    and mould.
    •
    Content Slides
    • Integrated design process is best.
    • Need to work
    with architect to
    properly locate items
    (avoiding air
    entrainment of boiler
    gases, snow etc)
    Conclusions
    • Cold Climate Design
    Guide addresses all
    aspects of cold climate
    design
    • Focuses on ‘why’ as
    much as ‘how’
    • Shows how integrated
    design practice model
    maximizes savings and
    performance
    Acknowledgements
    The CCDG Team:
    Project Manager:
    • Frank Mills BSc(Hons) FCIBSE MIMechE MASHRAE
    Project Authors:
    • Robert Bisson, P.Eng., LEED AP. | Public Schools Finance Board - Winnipeg, MN, Canada
    • K. William Dean, P.Eng. BSME I National Research Council Canada –Saskatoon, SK, Canada
    • Craig Fredeen, PE, LEEDRAP | PDC Inc. Engineers – Anchorage AK, USA
    • Heather Hayne, P.Eng | Government of the Northwest Territories – Yellowknife, NT Canada
    • Jennifer Holmes, PE, LEEDRAP | Design Alaska – Fairbanks AK, USA
    • John Karakash, Resource Professionals Group – Raleigh-Durham NC, USA
    • David Lima C.E.T | Aqua Air Systems Ltd. - Calgary, AB, Canada
    • Cheryl McGinn, P.Eng | Convergint Technologies - Calgary, AB, Canada
    • Justin, B.Sc., M.Arch., LEED AP | City of Calgary - Calgary, AB, Canada
    • Stan Yackel Senior Designer | Scott Springfield Mfg. Inc. - Calgary, AB, Canada
    Project Reviewers:
    • Don Beaty PE Fellow ASHRAE I| DLB Associates Consulting Engineers – New York, NY, USA
    • Robert Bean, RET. ,P.L (Eng) | Indoor Climate Consultants Inc. - Calgary, AB, Canada
    • Doug Cochrane , P.Eng., LEED AP | Carrier Enterprise Canada L.P. - Mississauga, ON, Canada
    • Bert Phillips, P.Eng., | MBA, UNIES Ltd. - Winnipeg, MN, Canada
    • Dr. Bjarne Olesen Ph. D., Professor, I Technical University of Denmark - Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
    Editor
    • Erich Binder RET, Erich Binder Consulting Limited, Calgary AB. Canada
    The Department of Public Works and Services, Government of the Northwest Territories
    • Richard Cracknell, CET
    • Mark Cronk, P. Eng.
    Questions
    Frank Mills BSc(Hons) FCIBSE
    MIMechE MASHRAE MIE
    Chartered Consulting Engineer
    7, Fylde Avenue
    Leyland
    Lancashire
    PR26 6RP

    • t: 01772 424124
    • m: 07850 024523
    • e: [email protected]

    13/10/2016 42

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