Present Perfect

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE.
 A.Form: Subject +have,has+ V3(ed or past participle)+object

have  I / we / you / they
has  he / she / it
Ex:
I have seen him before. The police have arrested Joe Smith.
He has finished his work. We've eaten all the eggs.
I have broken my arm. The aircraft has landed.
 Negative:
Subject +have,has +not+ V3(ed or past participle)+object.
Ex:
I have seen him before . I have not seen him before(I heven’t)
He has finished his work  He has not finished his work.(He hasn’t)
 Interrogative :
Yuqorida kurildiki ushbu zamonning yordamchi fe'li have/has dir va shu zamonning bulishsiz
va suroq shakllarini yasash uchun have/has ishlatiladi:
Have,has +Subject + V3(ed or past participle)+object?
Ex:
I have seen him before. Have you seen him before?
The police have arrested Joe Smith. Have the police arrested Joe Smith?
 Short answer:
Ex:
Have you learnt a new words? Yes, I have.No, I haven't
Has he/she/it eaten anything? Yes, he/she/it has.No, he/she/it hasn't
Have we/you/they/ have bought that book?Yes, we/you/they have.No, we/you/they haven't:
 Neg interrogative :
Ex:
Have you not been to Italy?= Haven’t you been to Italy?
Why hasn't she gone home yet?= Why has she not gone home yet?
B. USE
Ushbu zamonni xozirgi zamon va utgan zamon urtasidagi zamon deb aytish mumkin. Xozirgi
tugallangan zamon doim xozirgi zamon bilan bog’liklikni kursatadai va asosan suxbatlar,
xatlar, gazetalar xamda televizor va radio kursatuv, ettirishlarida qullanadi.
1.O’tgan zamonda boshlanib endigina tugagan ish harakatlarga nisbatan ishlatiladi va bu
ish harakatlar just* bog’lovchisi bilan beriladi:
 We have just arrived.
 He has just come back home.
 The lesson has just started.
2.Yaqin utgan zamonda sodir bulgan va xozirgi zamonga ta'siri bulgan yoki natijasi xozirgi
zamonda mavjud bulgan ish xarakatlar uchun:
 I have lost my key.(I have no key now.)
 Akbar has had a bad car crash.(He's probably still in hospital)
3.O’tgan zamonda sodir bo’lgan vaqti nomalum bo’lgan ish harakatlarga nisbatan
ishlatiladi.
 He has phoned me.
 I have seen him before.
4.Kishi biror ish-harakatni umri davomida necha marta qilgan yoki ,qilmaganligini
aytganda yoki umuman bajarmaganligini ishlatiladi va once, twice, thrice, ever yoki never
bilan beriladi.
 I have been to Khiva twice.I have driven a car once.
 My brother has ridden a horse many times.
 He has never seen such a car. Have you ever been to new Cario?
5. O’tgan zamonda bir necha marta sodir bulgan va xozirgi zamonda xam ish xarakat
sodir bo’lishi mumkin bulganda:
 I have seen wolves in that forest. (It is still possible to see them)
 Said Akhmad has written a number of short stories. (He is still alive and can write
more)
6. Lekin agarda burilar kirilib ketganda va Said Akhmad xozirda tirik bo’lmasa:
 I saw wolves in that forest once/several times yoki
 I used to see wolves here.
 John Smith wrote a number of short stories.
 More examples:,
I have ridden a horse many times.
Jane has bought a lot of books.
The audience have asked plenty of questions.
How many fish have you caught?
7.Biror bir ish harakatni nechinchi marta bajarilayotganligini aytgada ishlatiladi va
quyidagi formulada bo’ladi:
This is/It is + the only / the first / the second /time,book,…+ present perfect
 It is the first time I have read this book.
 This is the third film He has watched.
8.Ortirma darajadagi sifatlarga izohlovchi berish uchun ham pres.perfectdan foydalanamiz
va ko’pincha ever bilan beriladi:
This is/It is + the superlative …+ present perfect
 It is the easiest test I have ever done.
 This is the most expensive phone he has ever bought.
9.Tugalanmagan vaqt davomida sodir bo’lgan ish harakatlarni bildirish uchun today, this
morning/ afternoon/ evening/ week/ month/ year/ century/ millennium/ decade, all
his/her/my life kabi payt ravishlari bilan ishlatiladi:
 I have written four essays today.
 The course has been twice this week.
10.Present perfectda ishlatiladigan payt ravishlari:
 up to now, up to the present,so far, until now, until the present time, as of yet;;
 still,yet:
 finally,recently*,lately;just’already;
 for,since,for the last ten years,in the last few days,all day / night / week, all my / his...
life, all the time, always;
 ever, never, always, occasionally, often, several times;
 seldom,sometimes,often,scarcely,barely,hardly ever,rarely;
Some more examples:
He’s had a lot of bad luck lately / recently.
I have already finished my work.
I haven't seen much television this week
I haven't skied since 1988
I haven't skied for years. He has lived here all his life. (He still lives here He has
always worked for us. (He still works for us)
A: Have you ever fallen off a horse?
B: Yes, I have fallen of quite often/occasionally.
As of yet, we have not had an answer from him.
How many idioms have we studied in this book up to now?
I haven't passed my driving test yet .
Tom hasn't been home since he was a boy.
Olga hasn't appeared on TV before now
She's never eaten a mango before
Have you ever eaten a mango?
It’s the first time he has driven a car.
He has never driven a car before.
I. Translate into English.
1.Men yaqinda yangi kvartira oldim.
2.- Jurnallar qaerdaq
- Men ularni uyga olib ketdim.
3.U (qiz) hozirgina Samarqanddan qaytib keldi.
4.Siz bu gaplarni ingliz tiliga allaqachon tarjima qilib bo'ldingizmiq
5.Biz ilgari bu kishini hech qachon ko'rmagan edik.
6.- Biz bilan kinoga borishni hohlaysizmiq
- Yo’q raxmat, men bu filmni allaqachon ko’rganman.
7.Ular hali (ham) bu ishni tugatishmadi.
8.Ozgina kutib tura olasanmiq Biz hali (ham) kechki ovqatni tanovul qilmadik.
9.- Karim qaerda
- U allaqachon o’ringa yottgan.
10.Siz hech Buxoroda bo’lganmisiz?
11.Sen bugun Anvarni ko’rdingmi? Yo’q.
12.Bugun men ikkita xat jo’natdim.

Present Perfect

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PRESENT PERFECT TENSE.

 A.Form: Subject +have,has+ V3(ed or past participle)+object

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