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Magnetic Flux
Recall that the magnetic flux density, 𝐵, is the magnetic flux per unit area.
Therefore, for a uniform magnetic field,
Magnetic flux, 𝜙, through an area, 𝐴, is defined as the product of the magnetic flux density and
the area perpendicular to the lines of flux.
𝜙 = 𝐵A cos 𝜃
where 𝜃 is the angle between the area and the magnetic flux lines.
The weber is defined as the magnetic flux through a surface if a magnetic field of flux density 1 T
exists perpendicularly to an area of 1 m2.
When a coil of N turns is placed instead,
Magnetic Flux Linkage Φ, is defined as the product of the number of turns N of the coil and the
magnetic flux ϕ linking each turn.
Φ=Nϕ
Φ = N BA cos 𝜃
The magnetic flux linkage is a measure of the flux in the whole solenoid
Electromagnetic Induction
Faraday’s Law states that the induced e.m.f, ϵ, is directly proportional to the rate of change of
magnetic flux linkage Φ.
Lenz’s Law states that the induced e.m.f. will be directed such that the current which it causes to
flow opposes the change that is producing it.
Note: The induced e.m.f. is always present even when the conductor is not in a complete
circuit. BUT there will only be an induced current flowing only if the set-up is in a complete
circuit.
1. An aluminium window frame has a width of 40 cm and length of 73 cm as shown in the figure
below
b) Sketch the graph of the magnetic flux against angle between the field lines and the normal
when the window is opened and rotated by 180°
2. A solenoid of circular cross-sectional radius of 0.40 m2 and 300 turns is facing perpendicular to
a magnetic field with magnetic flux density of 5.1 mT.
3. A small rectangular coil contains 350 turns of wire. The longer sides are 3.5 cm and the shorter
sides are 1.4 cm.
5.
Solutions
Question 1
Φ = BA
[b] The magnetic flux will be at a minimum when the window is opened by 90 o and a maximum
when fully closed or opened to 180o
Question 2
ΦN = BAN
ɸN = BAN cos(θ)
Question 4
Question 5