Unit 1  Relationships

A camel and his driver take a break

in the desert, Rajasthan, India.
Photograph by Shivji Joshi

F E AT U R E S 1 Work in pairs. Look at the photo and the caption. Choose the
phrase you think best describes the photo.
10 Unlikely friends
a faithful companion   blood relatives   
Two animals that enjoy each a passing acquaintance   mutual respect   a strong bond   
other’s company true friends    an odd couple

12 A confused
2 Look at these English sayings about relationships. What do
generation they mean? Do you have a similar saying in your language?
Changing attitudes among
1 Blood is thicker than water
China’s young generation
2 A friend in need is a friend indeed
3 Like father, like son
14 Bloodlines
4 No man is an island
Two accounts of how family
has shaped people’s lives 3 1.1  Listen to three people talking about important
relationships in their lives. Put the number of the speaker
18 Immigration (1, 2 or 3) next to the person they are talking about.
A video about how a husband 1 a fiancé a colleague 13
immigrants have helped an old friend 2 a brother a grandparent
build America
4 Think of a person a) you have been meaning to contact for
ages; and b) you have shared a travel experience with. Tell
your partner about these people.

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 listening animal friendships  •  grammar present tenses review  •  vocabulary friends: nouns and phrasal verbs  • 
speaking your friends

1a Unlikely friends

Image by Stevi Calandra for the

National Geographic Channel

Listening 4 Do you believe animals can have

friendships? Or do they form
1 Work in pairs. Look at the photo. Discuss the questions. relationships only for practical
1 What are the two animals in the photo? reasons? Do you know other
2 Are they normally working animals, pets, wild animals or examples of sociable animals?
something else? Discuss.
3 What does the photo suggest about these animals’ characters?

2 1.2  Now listen to an extract from a radio programme about an

Grammar present
unlikely friendship between these two animals. What things do tenses review
they do together to enjoy each other’s company?
 PRESENT TENSES REVIEW
3 1.2  Listen again and choose the right word to complete each Present simple
statement. Suriya lives with his keepers.

1 Co-operation between animals of different species is not Present continuous

. The two animals are fulfilling a basic
a natural   b easy   c usual social need in each other.
2 Dogs are usually apes. Present perfect simple
a suspicious of    b frightened of    c aggressive towards Suriya has understood that the hound
3 This particular dog and orang-utan behave like . dog is very hungry.
a old friends   b children   c people
Present perfect continuous
4 Their behaviour has attracted the interest of a lot of . They have been doing this every day
a TV viewers   b scientists   c psychologists since they first met.
5 Orang-utans are very creatures.
a physical   b naughty   c kind For further information and practice,
see page 156.
6 Their relationship is based on a need in both animals to
.
a share new experiences    b hunt together    c be sociable

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 Unit 1 Relationships

5 Look at the grammar box. Match the tenses (1–4) with their Vocabulary friends:
uses (a–d).
1 present simple a highlights a recent activity
nouns and phrasal verbs
2 present b describes a situation in progress 8 Work in pairs. What type of friend or
continuous or happening around now person is each person talking about in
3 present perfect c describes a permanent / usual Exercise 7? Match each sentence with a
simple situation person from the box.
4 present perfect d highlights the present result of a
continuous recent action acquaintance   fair-weather friend
fellow student   flatmate   girlfriend
6 Choose the correct tense to complete this passage about mutual friend   old friend
animal friendships. travel companion   true friend
workmate
A number of recent videos on YouTube showing unlikely
animal friends 1 have started / have been starting a debate
about animal friendships. Lately many people 2 have
9 Find the following phrasal verbs in the
sentences in Exercise 7. Which ones
discussed / have been discussing a particularly moving film
contain two prepositions, rather than
which shows a dog making friends with an elephant.
one? Discuss what each verb means.
Elephants often 3 show / are showing concern for their
social group, but there is one extraordinary scene where • 1 verb with get
the elephant becomes distressed when the dog gets • 1 verb with stand
injured. The dog 4 has recovered / has been recovering now • 2 verbs with hang
and the two animals have been inseparable. The question • 2 verbs with round
scientists 5 ask / are asking is: is such behaviour normal, • 3 verbs with up
or do we just want it to be? Some say it happens when
animals 6 have lived / have been living close to humans. 10
Choose the correct phrasal verbs to
No one 7 has provided / has been providing a definite complete these sentences.
answer, but it seems some animals are just naturally 1 We come from different backgrounds
sociable. Others, like giant pandas, 8 live / are living more but we really well.
independent and solitary lives. 2 We don’t have to do anything
special, like going to a show. It
7 Work in pairs. Explain to each other the use of the verb would just be nice to
forms in bold in sentences 1–10 using a–d from Exercise 5. together for a bit.
3 I made a lot of really good friends at
1 We’re not close friends – we’re just studying French at university, but I haven’t
the same evening class. with many of them.
This sentence describes a situation in progress. 4 Why don’t you to my
2 I live with Sarah, but each of us has our own group of house for supper tonight?
friends that we hang out with. 5 Some friends are great just to have a
3 Olivia and I went on a trip to Peru together ten years ago good time with, but real friends are
and we’ve kept up with each other ever since. the ones who you when
4 I wouldn’t say we were friends really. We’ve met a couple you’re in trouble.
of times at parties. 6 I’m busy at six o’clock but we could
5 Oh, do you know Tom? He’s a good friend of mine too. later, if you like. Say,
We should all meet up some time. eight thirty?
6 Jacob always hangs around when he’s bored, but he
never comes round when he’s got something better to do.
7 Kate has always stood by me in times of difficulty. If ever Speaking
I’m in trouble, I know I can rely on her for help. 11
Work in pairs. Think about three of your
8 Colin and I have been teaching at the same school for friends. What kind of friend are they?
years. We get on very well, even though we never really Choose from the types in Exercise 8.
see each other socially. I think I’ve been round to his Think also about how often you see
house once. these people and what things you do
9 Barney and I have known each other since we were at together. Discuss if your friendships are
school. It doesn’t matter if we haven’t seen each other similar in any way.
for a while; we just seem to pick up where we left off.
10 Jessica and I are going to go for a medieval-style wedding.
Themed weddings are becoming very fashionable.

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 reading changing attitudes in China  •  grammar the passive  • 
pronunciation weak forms in passive verbs  •  speaking the generation gap

1b A confused generation
Reading Grammar the passive
1 Work in pairs. Look at the photo accompanying 6 Work in pairs. Look at the examples of passive verbs
the article below. Discuss the questions. from the passage (1–6). Then look at uses of the
passive (a–d). Which are true and which are false?
1 What does it show?
2 What do you think the matter is with the 1 Bella is the name that she has been given by
young girl? her English teacher.
3 Is this situation familiar to you? 2 But at the same time these new values are also
being questioned.
2 Discuss what effects you think China’s recent 3 ‘Have our lives been made richer by all our
economic boom have had on the attitudes of the new possessions?’
younger generation and the older generation? 4 Is Chinese culture being supplanted?
5 When they go shopping Bella makes sure that
3 Read the article and compare your answers.
the ‘right’ western brands are selected.
4 Look back at the article and find examples of 6 ‘Our advice is not listened to and it is not
the following to show how attitudes are changing wanted,’ her mother says.
in China. a The person doing the action – the agent – is not
the main focus of the sentence.
• language use b We use from to introduce the agent in a passive
• caring for the old sentence.
• the relationship between parents and children c The agent is often unimportant or unknown – it
• shopping is the action that interests us.
• knowledge of the world d The passive is often used because we want
5 Do Bella’s parents seem to accept the changes that to start a sentence with something that has
are happening in China or not? Do you think the already been mentioned.
changes are difficult for Bella too? Why? / Why not?

Change brings problems. Bella lives with her parents in a brand new apartment
in Shanghai. Her real name is Zhou Jiaying – ‘Bella’ is the name that she has
been given by her English teacher. Her parents are representative of a confused
generation in a confused time. In modern Chinese society different ideologies
are fighting against each other. Enormous material benefits have been brought
by China’s economic boom, but the debate is not about these; it’s about family
life and values. Old values – the respect of family and the older generations – are
being replaced by new ones which place money as the critical measurement of
one’s position in society. But at the same time these new values are also being
questioned. Have our lives been made richer by all our new possessions? Is
Chinese culture being supplanted? As in all changing societies people are trying
to find the right balance between the ‘new’ and ‘old’.
Recently, Bella’s family put their grandfather into a nursing home. It was a
painful decision. In traditional China, caring for aged parents has always been an
unavoidable duty, but times are changing. Bella’s ambition? ‘I want one day to put
my parents in the best nursing home’ – the best that money can buy, she means.
‘When she told us that’ Bella’s father says, ‘I thought – is it selfish to think she will
be a dutiful and caring daughter and look after us? We don’t want to be a burden
on her when we get old. This is something my daughter has taught us. Once it
was parents who taught children, but now we learn from them.’ The family can
buy many more things these days, and when they go shopping, Bella makes sure
that the ‘right’ western brands are selected. (Pizza Hut is her favourite restaurant.)
She also teaches her parents the latest slang.
Her parents want to be supportive, but they no longer help with Bella’s
homework; in spoken English she has surpassed them. She has already learnt
much more about the world outside than them. ‘Our advice is not listened to
and it is not wanted,’ her mother says. ‘When she was little, she agreed with all
my opinions. Now she sits there without saying anything, but I know she doesn’t
agree with me.’ Bella glares, but says nothing. ‘I suppose our child-raising has been
a failure.’ In China there is no concept of the rebellious teenager.

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 Unit 1 Relationships

 THE PASSIVE 8 Pronunciation weak forms in passive verbs

Present simple passive a 1.3  Work in pairs. Listen again to the passive
I am given, you/we/they are given, he/she/it is given
verbs used in Exercise 7. Which parts of the verb
Present continuous passive are stressed? Which are not stressed?
I am being given, you/we/they are being given, he/she/it
is being given b Practise saying these sentences, putting stress on
the main verbs and un-stressing the auxiliary verbs.
Present perfect simple passive
I/you/we/they have been given, he/she/it has been given 1 A lot of changes have been introduced in China.
2 As a result, the average Chinese person has
For further information and practice, see page 157.
been given a better standard of living.
7 1.3  Look at the grammar box. Which of the 3 Couples are only allowed to have one child.
verbs in bold in 1–6 below also sound natural in 4 A lot of money is invested in each child’s future.
the passive? Transform the sentences from active 5 But changes in this policy are being discussed.
to passive. Listen and check. 6 The government has been concerned by the
growing number of people over 60.
There are many children like Bella in China. They
1
admire western brands. Their parents 2 have 9 Complete the sentences by putting the verb in the
spoiled them a little perhaps. Often these children correct tense, active or passive.
3
receive a better education than their parents. Their
parents 4 send them to private schools and they
1 ‘Children (grow) up much too
5
encourage them to go to university. In China the quickly today. Girls of twelve
new economy 6 is raising everyone’s hopes. (dress) as if they are eighteen.’
2 ‘We (leave) behind by all the new
technology they use.’
 WORDBUILDING forming adjectives from nouns
3 ‘They (probably / work) harder
There are various endings in English: -ful, -ish, -ent,
than us, but they (not / have) so
-ious, -ive, used to form adjectives from nouns.
much fun.’
support → supportive, rebel → rebellious
4 ‘They (live) longer and longer and
For further information and practice, see Workbook we (expect) to look after them. It’s
page 11. not fair.’
5 ‘Our parents aren’t so different to us: they
(listen) to the same music, for
example.’
6 ‘In recent years respect for wisdom and
knowledge (replace) by respect for
money.’
7 ‘I rebelled against my parents. My children feel
that they (expect) to rebel, but in
fact they have nothing to complain about or
rebel against.’
8 ‘We (often / criticise) for being
selfish and having no moral values, but that’s
our parents’ fault: we (spoil) by
them.’

Speaking
10 Work in groups. Discuss whether it was a young
person or an older person that said each of the
items in Exercise 9. Which of the statements do you
agree with?

11
Do you think the ‘gap’ between your generation
and your parents’ generation is greater than the one
between your generation and the next generation?
A confused
generation
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 reading immigrant families  •  critical thinking identifying the main aspect  •  speaking family influences

1c Bloodlines
Reading Critical thinking identifying the
1 Work in pairs. Why do you think people main aspect
emigrate? What difficulties do you think
5 Work in pairs. This article deals with different aspects
they face when they settle in a new country?
of emigration. Identify the aspects in each of the first
Compare your ideas with another pair.
three paragraphs. Compare your answers with another
2 Read the article about immigrants in New pair to check you have identified the same themes.
York. Answer the questions. Then compare
6 Read the personal accounts of the immigrants again.
your answers with your partner.
Which of the aspects do their stories pick up on?
1 What is special about the area of Queens in Which aspects are not really mentioned again?
New York?
2 What do Richard and Tanja’s families have 7 Discuss what the main aspect, or message, is of this
in common? article. Then ask other pairs if they have reached the
3 What are the differences between Richard’s same conclusion.
and Tanja’s stories as immigrants?

3 Are the sentences true (T) or false (F) according

Speaking
to the article? 8 Look at these phrases from the passage describing
1 Immigrants in Queens feel attached to their family characteristics or traits and discuss what they
new country. mean.
2 People are much more interested in ‘He was clearly something of a free spirit.’
learning about distant ancestors than recent ‘My parents have a strong work ethic.’
generations. ‘We’ve both inherited that desire to get ahead.’
3 Some years after immigrating to America,
Tomas met his brother in New York by 9 Look at the questions below and note down your
accident. answers. Then ask your partner about their answers. Does
4 Richard’s grandmother has kept the family family have a similarly strong influence in your lives?
history alive.
5 Tanja’s mother wasn’t able to balance work
with looking after her children’s education. HOW DOES FAMILY SHAPE YOU?
6 Tanja and her sister have chosen to have
Would you say you are a close family?
similar careers to their parents.
How much time do you spend with family:
4 Look at the article and choose the correct • out of a sense of duty?
explanation of each phrase. • because you choose to?
1 a melting pot (para 1) Is family a consideration for you in choosing where to live?
a a place of conflict
b a place where all mix together How conscious are you of your family’s history?
c a place which attracts Is there a strong family trait? Have you inherited it?
2 their ancestral roots (para 2)
a where their family came from originally Is there a ‘head of the family’? How important is it to have
b how they got to America this person’s approval?
c their parents’ character Is there someone in the family you particularly admire? Why?
3 one recurring theme (para 3)
a sad fact Has your family influenced the career path that you have
b common story chosen?
c unusual quality When seeking advice, are you more likely to turn to friends
4 seeking his fortune (para 4) or family?
a hoping to get lucky
b looking for the right job How important is it to you that your family approves of your
c looking for a way to get rich partner?
5 a must (para 5) Would you say your family members have the same attitude to:
a a good thing • money?
b a right • bringing up children?
c a necessity

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 Unit 1  Relationships

Blood lines
Richard, 38
My great-grandfather Tomas came to America from Poland when he was
America itself is well-known for being a fifteen. His mother had become ill and died, and his father remarried to be
melting pot of different ethnic groups and able to take care of his seven children. Tomas didn’t like his stepmother, so
cultures, but nowhere is this diversity more he ran away to Belgium, where he boarded a ship to America – without a
pronounced than in Queens, New York. ticket. He was clearly something of a free spirit. Arriving in America with
Here, second-generation Puerto Ricans live nothing, he got a job on the railroads in California. Then one day he saw an
alongside third-generation Greeks and first- announcement in a newspaper that was read by immigrants. It was from
generation Koreans, all united by a common his brother in New York who was also seeking his fortune in America and
feeling of pride in their American identity. was looking for him. Tomas got in touch and they had an emotional reunion
in New York, where Tomas subsequently settled. This is the story that my
However, they are also proud and curious grandmother has passed down to us, to my parents and all my aunts and
about their ancestral roots. National uncles. She is an amazing woman and the head of the family, I suppose; the
Geographic’s Genographic Project, known also one who holds us all together. She’s actually quite forgetful now, but she
as the Human Family Tree, set out to trace the never forgets family details. What that has meant is that all of us – brothers,
origins and common ancestry of the various aunts, cousins – have a strong family bond and a strong sense of belonging
immigrants in this community by examining to a group that has struggled and fought together to succeed here.
their genetic makeup using a simple DNA
test. The study was well supported by Tanja, 29
local residents, but often what was of more ‘I’m a first generation American. Both my parents came here from Jamaica,
immediate interest to people was something where getting a good education is a must. My mother always says that
which intrigues us all: the history of our people may take everything away from you, but they can never take away
recent ancestry. In other words, how their your education. My father was a nurse in Jamaica, but he had an ambition
grandparents and great-grandparents arrived to be a doctor in the US; when he first came here, he studied during the day
in America, and what brought them there in and went to work at night. My parents have a strong work ethic. My mum
the first place. has always worked as a nurse, but at the same time has always been very
involved in our lives also, helping with our studies and following our careers
One recurring theme among immigrants with interest. Both my sister and I have followed them into the medical
seems to be the hard work and sacrifices that profession and now I’m working as a doctor at the Mount Sinai hospital in
went in to building a new life and how their Queens. I don’t know if that kind of dedication is genetic or just something
descendants now feel a duty to honour their that you learn from your parents, but that desire to get ahead … we’ve
efforts by working hard too. Here are two certainly both inherited it. The great thing about America is that it gives you
Queens residents’ stories. the opportunity to live those dreams too.

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 real life meeting people you know  •  pronunciation expressive intonation

1d A face from the past

Real life meeting people you 5 Pronunciation expressive intonation
know a 1.5  Emotion (surprise, excitement, etc.) is often
conveyed by expressive or exaggerated intonation.
1 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. Flat intonation often suggests a lack of emotion
1 When was the last time you bumped into or interest. Listen to these phrases say if the
someone that you hadn’t seen for ages? intonation is expressive (E) or flat (F).
2 What did you talk about? E F
3 Had they changed a lot?
1 Hello. Fancy seeing you here.
2 1.4  Listen to a conversation between two 2 Oh, busy as ever.
people, Tim and Greta, who meet by accident in
3 How’s it all going?
the street. Answer the questions.
4 Sorry, I’m in a bit of a hurry.
1 What have they been doing since they last met?
5 Do you see much of Amanda?
2 What future arrangement do they make?
6 You’re looking well.
3 1.4  Listen again and tick the expressions in the
box the speakers use. b Work in groups. Choose a phrase from the box and
say it either with expressive intonation or with
4 Find the ticked expression that matches sentences flat intonation. Ask the others in the group to say
1–6. which intonation you used.
1 how Greta expresses her surprise at meeting 6 Imagine you are in a large shopping centre during
Tim your lunch break from work. Walk around and
2 how Greta ask Tim for his news ‘bump into’ other people that you have met
3 what Tim says about Greta’s appearance before. Find out wvhat each person has been
4 how Greta describes her business doing, and make a future arrangement. Then
5 what Greta says about Amanda, their other move on until you bump into someone else. Use
friend the box to help you.
6 how Greta says she can’t carry on the
conversation

 MEETING PEOPLE YOU KNOW

Fancy meeting / bumping into / seeing you here!
What a (nice) surprise!

How are things?

What have you been up to?
How’s it all going?

Busy as ever.
I’ve been completely snowed under.
It has its ups and downs.

You’re looking well.

It obviously suits you.

Do you see much of Amanda?

How’s Amanda getting on?
She was asking after you the other day.

Do give her my regards.

Say hello to her from me.

Well, I should probably go and …

Sorry, I’ve got to rush. / I’m in a bit of a hurry.
I don’t mean to be rude, but I need to …
It was really nice to see you. / Great to see you.
Good luck with …

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 writing an informal email  •  writing skill greetings and endings  •  word focus get Unit 1 Relationships

1e News from home

Writing an informal email 4 Writing skill greetings and endings
1 How often do you send news to friends and a Which of these other phrases for greeting and
family? Do you communicate by letter, email, ending would be appropriate in an informal email
text message? to a friend or relative?

2 Read the email below from Ben to his friend, All my love Best wishes Dear Mr Franks
Fergus. Where is Ben and what is he doing there? Dear Sir or Madam Hello Hi John
How would you summarise the contents of each of Kind regards Love Regards Warm regards
the three paragraphs? Yours Yours faithfully Yours sincerely

Dear Fergus 5 Word focus get

I hope all’s well with you. I’ve been meaning to
a The verb get is used often in spoken or informal
write for ages, but my journal takes up a lot of my
written English. Find five phrases / sentences in
time. Please don’t think it’s because I haven’t been
thinking about you all – I have and I’m getting
the letter where it is used. What does it mean in
quite homesick. But I have to remind myself of why each case? Think of a synonym for get in each case.
I am here, which is to try and get established as a
freelance journalist and photographer.
b Read the sentences. Match the uses of get to a word
with a similar meaning in the box.
I’m now in Sri Lanka visiting some tea plantations
and talking to people about how their lives have be (in passive sentences) catch do / manage
changed in the last 20 years or so. The countryside persuade reach receive
here is amazing. At the moment I’m in the hills just
outside Kandy which are so lush and green, you
1 Did you get my last letter?
wouldn’t believe it. I’m trying to get an interview
2 How have you been getting on in your new job?
with one of the plantation owners that I can make
into a feature for a magazine. Fingers crossed!
3 I got a virus which kept me in bed for two
weeks.
So, my plan is to stay here until the end of 4 We got delayed for four hours at the border.
September and then get a plane back to the UK to 5 I’m going to try to get him to come with me.
see if I can find someone who will publish some of
6 I’ll call you when I get to London.
this stuff. It would be great to get together with you
then. How is the family? Is Sarah still working for c Write three sentences of your own with get giving
that horrible estate agent? Do give them all my love. recent news about yourself. Work in small groups
I’ll write again soon.
and read them to each other.
All the best,
Ben
6 Imagine you have been away from home for some
time. Write an email (200 words) to a friend or
family member to ask them for news from home
and to give them your news. Try to use the verb get
3 What features of the language in this letter tell you at least twice.
that it is in an informal style?
7 Work in pairs. Exchange letters. Check for the
following:
• Is the use of tenses correct?
• Is the style not too formal?
• Did they use the correct greeting and ending?

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 1f Immigration

Fleeing economic and political

hardships, many millions left their
homelands in Europe and Asia in
search of a better life.

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 Unit 1 Relationships

Before you watch 5 Watch the second part of the video (02.31 to the
end). Answer these questions.
1 Work in groups. Look at the photo and discuss the
1 How many legal immigrants arrive in the US
questions.
each year?
1 Where are the people in the photo?
2 What do you think they are doing? 2 What particular challenge is there along the
3 What does the caption tell us about the people? US–Mexico border?

2 Work in pairs. Write down five images you think 3 What have foreign-born citizens brought with
you will see in the video. them to the US?
An immigration officer checking the documents of a
person arriving in the US by boat. 4 How is the US economy affected by immigration?

5 What do immigrants usually share with people

While you watch already living in the US?
3 Watch the video and check your ideas from
Exercise 2. 6 How does this help the immigrants?

4 Watch the first part of the video (to 02.30). Find

and underline eleven errors. Write the correct
information below the text.
After you watch
Large numbers of immigrants have come to 6 Roleplay arriving at Ellis Island
the United States since the early 17th century.
Europeans settled mainly in the western half of the
Work in pairs.
country. Immigrants from Asia and from Mexico Student A: Imagine you are an immigrant to the
settled mostly in the east and the northwest. US arriving at Ellis Island. Read the information
Between 1892 and 1954, Ellis Island in Los Angeles below and make notes.
Harbour admitted seventeen million immigrants.
Student B: Imagine you are an immigration
In 1907, as many as eleven thousand people a
officer at Ellis Island. Student A wants to enter the
week were processed. And today, four out of
country as an immigrant. Read the information
every five Americans can trace part of their family
below and prepare questions to ask the immigrant.
history directly back to Ellis Island. Many of these
immigrants settled on the Upper East side of • where you come from
Manhattan. The Tenement Museum shows how • your journey
harsh their living conditions could be. Families • why you want to come to the US
of eleven people lived in small apartments with Act out the interview, then change roles and act
just two rooms. On the other side of the country, out the interview again.
families arrived at Devil’s Island in California,
where conditions were more relaxed for Asians. 7 Lavinia Limon says, ‘We’re in a much better
1 position because we have maintained our
2 immigration flows.’ What do you think she means?
3 Do you agree with her?
4 8 Work in groups and discuss these questions.
5
6 1 What kind of problems do you think
7 immigrants faced when they arrived in the
8 United States in the 1920s?
9 2 Do you think immigrants face similar problems
10 today?
11 3 Do you think immigrants should try to keep the
customs and values of their home countries, or
adopt those of their new country?

contend with (v) /kənˈtend wɪð/ deal with a difficult situation harsh (adj) /hɑːʃ/ unpleasant and difficult to live in
discrimination (n) /dɪskrɪmɪˈneɪʃən/ treating a group of people leap (n) /liːp/ jump
in an unfair way partition (v) /pɑːˈtɪʃən/ divide
diverse (adj) /daɪˈvɜːs/ varied shore (n) /ʃɔː/ coast
flee (v) /fliː/ escape from tenement (n) /ˈtenəmənt/ a large building divided into
hardship (n) /ˈhɑːdʃɪp/ something that makes life difficult apartments in a poor area of a city

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 UNIT 1 REVIEW
Grammar Vocabulary
1 Read the article below about families. 4 Read each definition and then put in the correct word.
Answer the questions.
1 Someone who is also studying, like you =
1 What is the difference between a a student
nuclear and an extended family? 2 Someone you go on a trip with = a companion
2 What are the benefits of an extended 3 Someone who you can really depend on = a
family? friend
4 Someone you and another friend both know =
2 Underline the right present tense form a friend
to complete the text. Then check your 5 Someone you share an apartment with = a
answers with your partner. 6 Someone you know but is not really a friend =
an
3 Work in pairs. Make a list of other
7 Someone you are related to by birth = a relative
advantages and disadvantages of living in
an extended family. Then compare your 5 Work in pairs. Give details about one of the people in
answers with another pair. Exercise 4:
• who you hang out with regularly
• who you haven’t kept up with
• whose house you go round to regularly
I CAN
describe different types of friends and acquaintances
use phrasal verbs that describe relationships

Real life
6 Put the sentences below into the right order to complete
the conversation between Karen (K) and Jim (J).
K: Hello Jim. Fancy bumping into you here. 1
When talking about family, a distinction 1 is K: Great. Well, I should probably go. I’m in a bit of a
making / is made between extended family and hurry to get to the bank.
nuclear family. The nuclear family is the basic K: Of course I will. We should get together some time.
family unit of parents and children. The extended K: You know – busy as ever. He’s working for BP now in
family is all the other members who 2 are related / London.
have been related by blood and by marriage: K: You too. Good luck with the work in New York.
aunts, uncles, grandparents, nieces, nephews, in- K: Not bad, thanks. What have you been up to?
laws, etc. In the West, the importance of extended K: Have you? That’s sounds exciting. You’re looking well.
family 3 has decreased / has been decreased greatly J: Thanks. You too. How’s David getting on these days?
in the last 50 years. But the extended family has J: Well, do give him my regards.
many economic benefits. Grandparents 4 help / are J: Yes, that would be nice. I’ll get in touch when I’m back
helped with childcare and in turn they 5 are looked next month.
after / have been looked after when they are old J: Well, it was great to see you.
by younger members of the family. Also, when J: I’ve been working in New York for the past month.
houses and domestic chores 6 are sharing / are J: Oh hello, Karen. What a nice surprise! How are things?
being shared by many, living costs are naturally
lower. But in recent years more and more young 7 Work in pairs. Imagine you meet each other in the street
people 7 are choosing / have been choosing to by accident. Act out a similar conversation.
live in nuclear families and so the economics
I CAN
8 
have changed / have been changing. The older
generation say that traditional family values have a conversation with someone I haven’t seen for some
time
9 
are losing / are being lost; but the more serious
economic issue is that everyone’s network of
support 10 has been taking / has been taken away. Speaking
8 Work in pairs. Tell each other about a relationship with a
I CAN
family member or friend that is important in your life.
use present tenses
talk about events in present time using
active and passive forms

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