ETHIOPIAN TECHNICAL INSITUTION

ADAMA POLY TECHNIC SATELLITE COLLAGE

DEPARTEMENT: INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

Full NAME IDN0. phone No. Email

Keneni Abose Bushen TTS R/582/12 0920420195 [email protected]
Name of the Hosting Organization:-Dedo Woreda puplic Service Human Resource

Advisor Full Name___________________

Development of ICT Center
Period of the Internship: 8 Weeks

Submission Date: ____,______, 2022

Adama Ethiopia
 Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………………..……………page no.
Declaration ........................................................................................................................................................................................I
Acknowledgement..............................................................................................................................................................................II
Lists of Acronyms...........................................................................................................................................................................III
Abstract.............................................................................................................................................................................................IV
Part Two: Executive Summary...........................................................................................................................................................1
2.1. Information about the Dedo PSHRDO -ICT Center....................................................................................................................7
2.2. Experience We Obtain from the Dedo PSHRDO -ICT Center...................................................................................................8
2.2.1. We Were Became Oriented With Our Responsibilitie.............................................................................................................8
2.2.2.Our Supervisor Helps Us To Succeed In Any Work We Were Given........................................................................................3
2.2.3 The Quality We Were Develop Which Allowed Us To Succeed In Our Daily Duties................................................................4
2.3.Work Place Environment of DWPSHRDO-ICT Center................................................................................................................5
2.4.Work Place Culture of DWPSHRDO-ICT Center........................................................................................................................6
PART Three: INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................................6
3.1. over view of the Company ..........................................................................................................................................................6
3.2. Background of the Organization..................................................................................................................................................6
3.3. Vision, Mission And Goals of Dedo PSHRD Office ICT Center.................................................................................................7
3.3.4. Objective of the Organization...................................................................................................................................................8
3.4. Main Service that is Provided by the Company...........................................................................................................................8
3.4.1. The DPSHRDO Gives the MANAGEMENT, TRAINING AND EMPLOYEE INFORMATION........................................................8
3.4.2. Organizational Structure and Work Flow of the Company 11
PART FOUR: Work Environments and Internship Experience 11
4.1. The Work Flow Chart in the Site (Dedo ICT Center Located in Sheki Town)..........................................................................11
4.2. SPECIFIC JOB INFORMATIONs:-.........................................................................................................................................12
4.3. The Use of ICT tools and The Experien ces We Obtain by Practical Works............................................................................12
4.4. The Daily Technical Duties and Responsibilities We Had During The Internship Period.......................................................13
4.4.1. CABLE CRIMPING AND PUNCHING..................................................................................................................................18
a) Straight Through UTP Cable Code and b) Crossover UTP Cable Code..........................................................................................18
4.5. Other Responsibilities We Had During Our Internship.............................................................................................................19
Part Five:- Overall Benefits We Get from the Company.............................................................................................................20
5.1. Benefits from the Internship Program In terms of Skills..............................................................................................................................21
5.2. Benefits from the Internship Program of ICT In terms of Attitudes 21
5.3. Benefits from the Internship Program of ICT In terms of Knowledges .21
5.4. Some Of the Limitation Occurred in Our intern-Ships..............................................................................................................22
PART Six: Conclusions and RECOMMENDATIONS........................................................................................................................................24
6.1. Conclusion.............................................................................................................................................................................24
6.2. Recommendation
Reference
Appendix
 Declaration
I do here by solemnly that my internship report is based on the work, carried by me and no part of it
has been presented previously for any higher degree.  The assistance and help I recived during the
this investigation have been
Sector Of ICT
Approval of thesis for defense I here by certify that I have supervised,read and evaluated this thesis
status of Dedo Woreda PSHRDO ICT Centre in Keneni Abose prepared under my guidance.
 Acknowledgement
First of all, thanks My GOD.. Again I would like to thank the director of Dedo Public
Service and Human Resource Development of ICT center Mr. Zinab Asaye for giving the
opportunity to do an internship program within the organization. I also say thanks all of this office’s
ICT staff employers and our instracter Dawud Wadaj who are net work administrator and who
coordinate the ICT staff employers to give me the practical lab. I also would likes to thanks all the
people that worked in the office of Dedo Woreda PSHRDO ICT Centre. Furthermore I want to
thank all the employees and collaborators, with whom I did the fieldwork. I experienced great
things together and they have shown me a beautiful part of their organization- including their
disciplined behaviors.
 Lists of Acronyms
1) DDB- Development Data Base
2) DWPSHRDO - Dedo Woreda Public Service And Human Resource Development Office
3) DMS - Document Management Systems
4) GTP- Growth and Transformation Plan
5) IBEX-Integrated Budget Administration and Government Expenditure
6) ICT- Information Communication and Technology
7) ICTDA- Information Communication and Technology Development Agency

8) MIS –Management of Information Systems

9) OSTIA- Oromia Science, Technology and Information Authority
10 .RJ45:- registered jack.
11 E.C ,ETHIOPIAN CALENDER
 Abstract
At present information and communication technologies are an inseparable part of any human activity
including tertiary education in the Ethiopia. Furthermore there are abundant resources for learning and
teaching ICT as well as gaining hardware skills. Therefore Information and Communication Technology
ICTs enable teachers- including practitioners and expert as well researchers to use authentic materials at the
same time to satisfy their learners – including academic objectives and customer’s need.
By taking this into considerations this paper is described about the practice I have done for two months in
Dedo Woreda Public Service and Human Resource Development Office (DWPSHRDO) of ICT Center in
Sheki town. As I experienced from this ICT Center, ICT plays a vital role in every aspects of the public
organization. The general objective is to overcome the problems of the organization related with use of
ICT. Because-in reality there is a serious ICT implementation gap across public institutions either because
of capacity constraints or misallocation of efforts and resources. To sum up that under certain conditions,
information and communication technologies (ICTs) can significantly enhance public servant, students of
ICT and social capabilities and have a positive impact on their well-being.
 Part II : Executive Summary
2.1. Information about the Dedo PSHRDO -ICT Center
Indeed ICT can improve the quality of human life because it can be used as the learning and education
media, the mass communication media in promoting and campaigning practical and important issues, such
as the health and social area. It provides wider knowledge and can help in gaining and accessing
information. On how applying ICT skills makes us better appreciate studying anecdotes. ICT can help
foster more efficient ways of working being able to use ICT systems effectively allows employees and
students more time to concentrate on areas of their jobs or subjects role that require soft skills.
1) ICT helps the learner to share learning resources and spaces, promote learner centered and
collaborative learning principles and enhance critical thinking, creative thinking and problem
solving skills. ICT based education is definitely the direction towards which the whole world is
progressing. Taking into consideration this role of ICT the Ethiopian government (in its ICT policy
legalized in 2008) in general and that of Oromia regional state in particular initiated ICT to support
the ongoing democratization and good governance agenda. The ICT revolution in Ethiopia is
intentionally to strengthen the implementation of public sector reform programs such as civil
service reform program, justice system reform program, tax system reform program, and the district
level decentralization program among others. According to the Growth and Transformation Plan
(GTP) evaluation report of( ICTDA) Information Communication and Technology Development
Agency
of Oromia (2007 E.C.), the role ICT can play in social, economic and political setting of the region is
recognized by the regional government and the agency for managing all the activities of ICT in the region
is established under the civil service and good governance bureau. According to the document, ICT is given
a strategic place in the region because it is believed by the regional state that ICT can be used as a tool to
build good governance and democratic system, improve service delivery, enhance productivity and reduce
poverty in the region. Besides, the regional government focuses on promoting the use of ICT to modernize
the civil service to enhance public service delivery effectiveness and competency. Indeed in Oromia
regional state, government network infrastructures were in place as a supporting strategy to implement the
public sector reforms and the School-Net, Health-Net, Agricultural-Net and Woreda-Net as well as
Development Data Base (DDB), Integrated Budget Administration and Government Expenditure (IBEX)
among other things were in practice. The government initiative in doing so was remarkable. The effort of
the government in developing ICT infrastructure for enhancing good governance and development in the
region is worth mentioning. Even though ICT utilization is improving at the regional level, it is not
satisfactory. Much remains to be done to enhance the information communication technology services.
Particularly ICTDA of Oromia also envisions to create competitive and knowledge society in the region by
utilizing opportunities created by ICT. The regional government commitment was also shown in
establishing ICT training centers at all zonal offices.
Based on the above, description the DPSHRDO – ICT center/Unit was established in 2008 to provide the
ICT service. Now it also provides the Technical skills to the 31 public sectors in Dedo Woreda. Technical
skills are important for public organization for a variety of reasons. No matter what sector we work in, the
tasks our employees perform every day rely on different tools and processes. It's essential to ensure
their employees have the technical skills they need to perform their jobs successfully.
2.2. Experience We Obtain from the Dedo PSHRDO -ICT Center
2.2.1. We Were Became Oriented With Our Responsibility
I feel that quality internships are essential to develop key skills .After attending meetings and taking
minutes; I become Performing research at a supervisor's request. After being assigned what tasks we were
going to perform, it was somewhat easy to inform us what responsibilities would be expected from us. To
tell the truth the employee who works in DWPSHRDO -ICT center were very dedicated and genuine to us
on pointing us all the directions we ought had to follow whilst performing our duty. During the internship
period we have got high experience, knowledge to network installation and configuration and also popular
with different networking tools. Aside from daily responsibility:

 Collaborations and dignity is important in work place

 The way of Problem solving and decision making
 Completing the provided work/tasks in appropriate time
 Participating on hardware maintenance session
 Taking action on software installation for the organization
 The way of using the Woreda portal services
 Do research for a new project.
 Learn more about competitors.
  Figure out better systems.
 Create a presentation.
 Keep an organized work space.
 Complete additional training.
 Sit in on client meetings.
 Help with brain storming sessions.

Generally we gain the experience related with common intern duties and responsibilities
include performing clerical tasks, doing research, creating presentations and shadowing employees.
When hiring an intern, look for career goals that align with tasks I one of the trainee is expected to
accomplish, experience working in a team environment and a strong work ethic.

2.2.2. Our Supervisor Helps Us To Succeed In Any Work We Were Given

He consults us to know basic knowledge relating with ICT as presented next. From learning soft skills, to
gaining experience, discover why internships program and can help us get a jump start on the career we
have always envisioned. Furthermore our economy changes daily, and with it, the talents, skills of ICT,
and experience needed to be a part of that growth cycle change with it. Thus an internship gives a student
the opportunity for career exploration and development, and to learn new skills.  We feel also that quality
internships with the guidance of supervisor are essential to develop key skills that we can't get in a
classroom. Indeed as known in our country’s curriculum Information and communication technologies are
currently being used in education to assist students to learn more effectively by providing teachers or
supervisors with access to a wide range of new pedagogy. These technologies are also being used to enable
learners including teachers to do administrative and technical tasks more efficiently.

Beside that as mentioned above ICT refers to our everyday use of communicative and data processing
technologies. Whether it’s using our laptop to send an e-mail, or simply surfing through the internet – all
such activities rely on basic ICT skills and related devices to perform successfully. Understanding and
training our-self in crucial collaborative technologies can effectively boost communication, operational
efficiency, and mobility in the workplace. For aspiring or current supervisors or managers, optimizing these
tools can help us seamlessly enact telecommuting opportunities – as they maintain clear, precise delegation
of tasks and interaction among workers despite geographical location.

Finally, as my supervisor advising me, pursuing internship in ICT can familiarize one with basic computing
and communications hardware. This can include the use of everyday smart devices and computer
equipment (such as printers, scanners, projectors and internet modems) – to more technical skills such as
driver configuration and network maintenance. Hardware management skills are particularly valuable for
those seeking computer technician roles, though are generally beneficial to any worker, regardless of
profession. With my reliance on computers and digital devices, the ability to troubleshoot, maintain, and
update them can help create a more seamless, secure, and efficient workplace experience.

Particularly the most important things we are looking for in this internship are gaining new Skills. Perhaps
one of the most important things an internship can offer is the chance to learn new skills and gain
experience in our potential career field. Beside that the hosting organization helps me by providing
required material that is important to network installation and configuration and also supervisor who help
me. Since, all the relations I had with my supervisor was built on the basis of transparency and tolerance, it
makes so easy all the information sharing and inheritance of knowledge. Because of my supervisor were
voluntary on shining the wisdom of knowledge he help me on commenting me which tool is suitable for
my task taking in to consideration for my level. Above all my supervisor thought me how I could be
managed my work on appropriate time. Having such supervisor he helps me to succeed my daily
responsibilities on my internship time.
In this Internship Program particularly by the help of my supervisor:-

 Effectively train my intern and provide all necessary resources for the position.
 Develop learning objectives and goals with the trainee by provided form.
 Monitor my intern to ensure they are completing assigned duties and staying busy.
 Provide feedback on the trainee goals and assist the trainee in meeting the objectives.
 Provide adequate supervision in a safe environment with the necessary tools and equipment to
perform intended services.
 Be willing to provide more autonomy and responsibility as the intern demonstrates competence.
Generally here are some tips for intern from my supervisor on how to best manage my interns:
a) Plan ahead and prepare myself.
b) Make me intern feel wel comed.
c) Consult me to be a resource.
d) Consult me to be willing to train and teach others.
e) Set goals for ever and develop myself.
f) Have regular check-ins.
g) Give quality feed back.
h) Consult me to be a mentor.

2.2.3. The Quality We Were Develop Which Allowed Us To Succeed In Our Daily Duties

So far the internship project has changed a lot of practices at Dedo ICT Center. The greatest advantage is
the way how it boosts cooperation among ICT Center supervisor, which has already had some effect
mainly ICT training. I was able to develop the following qualities which were ladders for me to succeed in
my daily duties. Those some qualities of a good intern that I believed to be important in my intern
ship Program are:

Strong interpersonal skills. Being Confidential

Ability to multi-task. Increasing our confidence by accomplishing tasks individually.
Taking constructive criticism well. Avoiding fear from asking all ambiguities.
Strong writing skills by Computer.
 Punctuality. Being punctual both at work and in time
Effective communication with Co-worker and customers.
Using ICT Tools by safety
Serving people and providing accurate information.
Being patience for all bad coming and challenges
Being plan to employ ICT in the process of preparing our daily life.
Generally from this ICT center I gain the quality of education of ICT in several ways through this
Internship program: 

 By increasing learner motivation and engagement- as mentioned above,

 By facilitating the acquisition of basic skills, and by enhancing teacher training.
 This ICT Center and public Service organization are also transformational tools which, when used
appropriately, can promote the shift to a learner-centered environment.

2.3. Work Place Environment of DWPSHRDO-ICT Center

Even though beside the role of ICT at the DPSHRDO- ICT Center and most of the governmental sectors
there were acceptance of technology without understanding, adoption without analysis, and use without
questioning demonstrate manners not too far removed from cultures where wonderful and the occult are a
part of the fabric of daily life. As a result, we are societies increasingly flooded in technology. So,
understanding of the terminology, realities, and ideas surrounding technology is important; however,
wisdom, discernment, and dialogue regarding the applications, implications, and ramifications of
technology are vital for citizenries increasingly experiencing the byproducts (intended and unintended) of
technology.
In addition, shortage of computers was also observed in the civil service organization including ICT-Center
in Dedo at District office level in general. Shortage of budget was also raised by respondents as a problem
to equip the bureaus with the necessary ICT facilities. Computer shortage is a serious problem at the local
(all Sectors) level rather than at the ICT-Center level. This may be due to the vastness of the Woreda’s
government sectors and shortage of budget so that it is impossible for the Dedo administration to equip all
sectors at all levels including the ICT-Center. It was also found that more than ICT facilities shortage,
mismanagement of resources is critical problem for many bureaus at Woreda levels, especially for those
sectors which are labeled as “priority sectors such as Public service, Education/High School, TVET
College etc”. Computer shortage is a serious problem at the local (ICT-Center) level rather than at the
Woreda level. The lengthy procurement procedure as a result of centralization of the activity by one agency
was also cited a challenge to fulfill the ICT facilities.
The process of implementing the ICT in the region is negatively affected by shortage of technical experts,
lack of access to and the skill to use the technology, lack of understanding the technical contribution of this
technology by leadership from top down to the lower level managers, high turnover and mismanagement of
IT professionals, misunderstanding or communication barrier between ICT professionals and the sector
leaders, weak professional ICT support for employees on how to effectively utilize ICTs, failure of network
and disconnection of electric power, and in general attitude problem on the part of employees and leaders
were the serious problems encountered the sectors.

Therefore DWPSHRDO-ICT Center is not attractive environment when we considering the ICT role and
service.

Work Place Culture of DWPSHRDO-ICT Center

There are Six( 6 )cultures of Dedo ICT Center:

1. Managing by Scientific attitude.

2. Encouraging innovation and Growth of Technology.
3. Learning for ever.
4. Being Prepared for Change.
5. Working in Collaboration/ Being Co-Worker.
6. Providing quality and attainable service. Being Public Servant.
 PART III INTRODUCTION
3.1. over view of the Company
Dedo Woreda Public Service and Human Resource Development Office (DWPSHRDO) was established
since 2008. It located I Jimma Zone Dedo Woreda ,Sheki Town. Today it has one Office Manager, 8 group
leaders, 2 OCT Experts and 13 other supporting staffs. Totally DWPSHRDO has 24 employees or working
members. Particularly Dedo ICT Center has only two experts – one ICT Group leader and other Network
Administrator. Both of them provide all the ICT services throughout 31 government Sectors.

Therefore this Dedo ICT center is the major workplace of ICT roles such as internet, laptop, desktop,
Plasma TV, and office automation systems such as word-processing, fax, audio conferencing, video
conferencing, multimedia, etc, through the use of networks of satellite- based Woredanet, Wireless and
fiber optics. But the lack of the ICT infrastructures and skilled human power were the major constraints of
this ICT Center. However we did our internship in DWPSHRDO ICT center. During this internship Mr.
Zinab Asaye who was ICT infrastructure and service head in Dedo Public service and Human Resource
Development Office ICT center or who is the ICT Group Leader and he has arranged our internship
program. Mr Tesfa Lidet Ketema was our advisors during this practice we have learned basic skills about
networking, Computer maintenance and other activities like related to Computer software (window
Installation, computer formatting and installation of certain operating system on a computer). Beside that
Information Technology center includes a set of tools, processes, and methodologies such
as coding/programming, data communications, data conversion, storage and retrieval, systems analysis and
design, and systems control.The main focus of this internship mainly concerned with networking design
and Maintenance part. The task was practical and needed full motivation from us and collaboration from
the staff member. We also study several tools which is used for network installation and configuration
during our internship period.
3.2. Background of the Organization
Many countries have been reforming and modernizing their public-sector systems. This involves putting in
place ICT infrastructure and promoting the use of ICTs to maximize impact and increase public-sector
efficiency. Indeed, while investment in infrastructure is necessary for the diffusion of ICTs, the impact will
ultimately depend on the use that is being made of them. Therefore, in addition to connecting the local and
federal government units and instituting websites, Woredanet, portal services, mail-services and e-mail
addresses, it is also necessary to concentrate on how governments employ ICTs to advance the provision of
information and services to their communities up to grass roots levels.
Taking into consideration this ICT role Dedo Public Service and Human Resource Development Office of
ICT center is established recently to provide the ICT services as basic public service delivery in Dedo
district. As mentioned above it located in Jimma zone Dedo Woreda , Sheki town. So it is the
Governmental organization, after organized it gives information communication and technology (ICT)
service.This ICT center was started in 2008 and it gives service for different government offices or Public
sectors and private business which is found in the town like: - Trade, TVET College , education, Revenue,
court, health center, finance and other business institutions.
Recently it focuses on improving governance through the use of information and communication
technology (ICT) in the delivery of services to the public i.e., improving efficiency, accountability, and
transparency, and reducing bribery- through digitalization of Document Management Systems (DMS) of all
public sectors. ICT is one of the reform tools – including Woredanet. WoredaNet is a Wide Area Network
intended to link all woreda under one administrative unit in Ethiopia including Oromia. The
technology presents unique opportunities to facilitate the application of e-Government packages in the
country. Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) has become the core of business operation
in many sectors. WoredaNet is one of these initiatives that is aimed at linking all Woredas throughout the
country so that different e-Government packages can be effectively and efficiently implemented all over
the nation.
This fact leads to establish ICT Dedo center in order to full fill the gap that happens due to information
communication technology and to create an economic community whose capacity of making decision
based on information and knowledge is developed in. Again the Dedo Woreda ICT Center, in particular has
made the Information and Communication Technology as one of strategic priorities and reform tools.
Generally the Dedo Woreda ICTcenter organization has vision and dreams to transmit information, News
and other different programs throughout other parts of Ethiopia and throughout the World by using the
different language.

This ICT Center is provides the service for 31 public sectors in this Woreda. It was accomplished a number
of works by the organization.

3.3. Vision, Mission And Goals of Dedo PSHRD Office ICT Center
3.3.1. Vision:-.A dynamic world-class ICT Centre powering creativity and innovation in the Dedo Woreda
government Sectors and private firms.
3.3.2. Mission:- Develop and maintain highly effective, reliable, secure, and innovative information
systems to support sectors, administrative and reform functions in Dedo Woreda.
3.3.3. Main Goals:- taking in to consideration the vision and mission stated above, it is aimed:-
 To facilitates the collection, storage, security and integrity of electronic data or DMS while ensuring
appropriate access in Dedo Woreda.
 To give and develop technical support including maintenance for the socially progressive status of end
user such as experts, managers and students.
Particularly the aims or the main Objectives of Dedo ICT Center are to enable Experts and managers
including the practitioners:
  To develop ICT capability in finding, selecting and using information.
 To use ICT for effective and appropriate communication.
 To monitor and control events both real and imaginary.

3.3.4. Objective of the Organization

The primary Objective of Dedo Woreda ICT center is to provide ICT service through Woredanet such as
video conferencing, directory service, mail service, voice service, network installation, web service and
internet connectivity at the federal, regional and lowest level of government.

In general the center is to give a wide technological service for different town community and kebele sector
office like health center, finance, and court education and other business institution, information
communication and technology center has the following objectives to give service for those offices. Such
activities are.
 Determine information and communication needs of organizations and users.
  Design information/communication solutions to meet those needs.
 Create and manage information systems/communication systems to get the right information to
the right people at the right time.
 Share resources such as printers and databases, Network service, internet services directory
service, video conference.
 To provide knowledge and information to citizen
 To give basic computer skill training for different staff member.
 To provide the lowest level of government with accurate and timely information and
 To give sufficient service for practicum students during coming to different university and
colleges.

Taking those activities into considerations the Specific objectives of the Internships is also:

1) Gain practical experience in an area of Information and Communication Technology.

2) Engage in self-assessment by reflecting on aspects of the internship experience.
3) Become familiar with professional associations and literature affiliated with the services
assigned in my profession.

3.4. Main Service that is Provided by the Company

3.4.1. The DPSHRDO Gives the MANAGEMENT, TRAINING AND EMPLOYEE INFORMATION

At present information and communication technologies are an inseparable part of any human
activity, including tertiary education in the Ethiopia. As management the communication and information
technology (ICT) are technologies which facilitate the management to share knowledge and information.
Thus ICT have a prominent role on knowledge management initiatives. One of the key issues in Dedo ICT
Center is the role of communication and information technology.
The results of this INTERNSHIPS indicate that the use of ICT in the learning process with active
involvement of learners in the process of strengthening education, creating the conditions for learners to
process and organize the experience and knowledge to participate in the development, creating conditions
that allow to.
As employee it was found that ICT is relevant in facilitating effective and quick decision making, aiding
analyzing data quickly and accurately, facilitating information gathering & dissemination, enhancing
monitoring of educational facilities & resources, facilitating adequate data storage, improving coordination
of tasks and operational management through use of ICT.
The main reason ICTs are used in the workplace is that they allow humans to do their work faster, more
efficiently and with fewer wasted resources. Companies no longer need staff to handles physical mail as
email is faster and more effective than an employee sorting through post and delivering it to the correct
people or customers.

3.4.2. Organizational Structure and Work Flow of The Company

3.4.2.1. Organizational Structure of DWPSHRDO
3.4.2.2. WORK FLOW OF DWPSHRDO
PART IV:- Work Environments and Internship Experience

4.1. The Work Flow Chart in the Site (Dedo ICT Center Located in Sheki Town)

Dedo ICT Center Work Flow Chart

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4.2. SPECIFIC JOB INFORMATIONs:-

There are some of the Specific Jobs in Dedo ICT Center:-

1) Providing the Basic computer skills Training for all Sectors

2) Installing, repairing, and upgrading computer systems.

3) Assisting hardware and software users in tech support issues.
4) Troubleshooting computer systems, servers, and networks.
5) Delivering the ICT service for 31 Public sectors
6) Document Management Systems (DMS)
7) Management of Information Systems (MIS)
8) Network Administrations

4.3. The Use of ICT TOOLS AND THE EXPERIENCES WE

OBTAIN BY PRACTICAL WORKS

ICT is a broad term. It stands for Information Communication Technology. ICT tools for
teaching and learning cover everything from digital infrastructures such as printers, computers,
laptops, tablets, printers, scanners, software programs, data projectors, and interactive teaching
box, etc., to software tools such as Windows, Offices, Google Meet, Google Spreadsheets, etc.
This ICT tools stand for Information Communication Technology tools.

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4.4. THE DAILY TECHNICAL DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES WE HAD
DURING THE INTERNSHIP PERIOD

In my duration at DWPSHRDO- ICT center our daily technical duties and responsibilities were
mainly on networking activities which include preparing appropriate cables for different staff
and sectors from the scratch and participating on daily problem solving activities. The daily
technical duties and responsibilities I had during internship period are:-

 Maintenance of ICT tools

 Installing network
 Coming on time for work
 Helping workers and customers
 Maintaining and installing network or Configuring network

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The Following are the ICT tools that we use the daily activity relating with the
Network administration:-

1) Cable Tester:

 A cable tester is a device used to test the strength and connectivity of a particular type of
cable or other wired assemblies. It is also an electronic device used to verify the electrical
connections in a signal cable or other wired assembly. It Used to test a cable whether it works
or not. The device has two plug in sockets for the end outlet part of the cable so after we plug the
cable from the screen menu we provide the type of cable to be checked the tester automatically
test the cable and shows “pass” or “fail” result.

2) Switch2960:-

For instance Cisco 2960 series is well known as a cost effective network switch. It provides
desktop Fast Ethernet connectivity for entry-level wiring. We used this device to
interconnecting networking device from core layer to access layer.

3) Crimping Tool: -
A crimping tool is the tool used to deform the material and create the connection. Crimping
is commonly used in electrical work including ICT, to attach wires together or wire to other
connectors. In ICT center Network crimping tools are necessary for network cable works.
Various types of network crimping tool kits are available in this ICT center. It is a networking
tool used
 To crimp or connect a connector to each end of the cable.
 We also used it for crimping RJ-45 (8-Pin) connectors and also include a wire.

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 4) Trunk cable:-
A trunk cable used to consists of multiple wires, cables, or fiber optic strands to maximize the
available bandwidth and the number of channels that can be accommodated. A trunk can also be
a broadband wireless link. The use and management of trunks in a communications system is
known as trunking.

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 5) RJ45:-
A registered jack (RJ) is a used for us to construct and wiring pattern for connecting data
equipment to a service provided by a local exchange carrier or long distance carrier.

6) Cat-6 cable: -
Particularly Ethernet cables are complex, twisted cables designed to facilitate reliable Internet
speed. CAT 5 and CAT 5e are the former technological to facilitate higher bandwidth. Higher
bandwidth means faster data transfer, and Cat6 cables operate on frequencies up to 250 MHz,
compared to the Cat5e's 100 MHz support. There are 2 main types of CAT6A cable that conform
to these standards, shielded and unshielded, which are often referred to as F/UTP and U/UTP.
We use one of this cat-6 cable for data translation between devices.

7) Screw Drivers: -Screwdriver is a tool, usually hand-operated, for turning screws with

slotted heads. For screws with one straight diametral slot cut across the head, standard
screwdrivers with flat blade tips and in a variety of sizes are used as shown in figure
below. t

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We used this device to open/stretch and close /compress each screw on the computer.

8) Cutter: -
It used to cut different materials of
networking such as: cable, wires,
trucking and etc...

9) Crimping tool: -
As mentioned above it is a tool designed to crimp or connect a connector to the end of cables.
We also use it for crimping RJ-45 (8-Pin) connectors and also include a wire.

4.4.1. CABLE CRIMPING

AND PUNCHING
As we have seen above a
crimping tool is a device used to
conjoin two pieces of metal

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 by deforming one or both of them to hold each other. The result of the tool's work is called a
crimp. A good example of crimping is the process of affixing a connector to the end of a cable.
The crimping process consists of a few additional steps.
1. Determine the length of the wire, and strip the end.
2. Insert the wire into the crimp.
3. Place the crimp and wire into the crimping tool, and ensure that it is perfectly seated inside.
4. Remove the crimp, and inspect the wire.
 Crimping UTP cable to RJ45:-

 UTP cable is used to connect devices to networking equipment such as router or switches.
 The RJ45 cable is a standard cable which has four twisted pairs of colors.
 RJ45 cable can be crimped either in straight through or cross over arrangement.
a) Straight through UTP Cable Code

Straight-through cables are mainly used for connecting non-similar devices while crossover
cables are mostly used for connecting similar devices. Straight through cable connects a
computer with a DSL modem while Crossover cable connects Router to Router and Computer to
Computer. The color arrangement (code) of straight through UTP cable to RJ-45 is:-

Pin1 White-Orange
Pin2 Orange
Pin3 White-green
Pin4 Blue
Pin5 White-blue
Pin6 Green
Pin7 White-brown
Pin8 Brown
b) Crossover UTP Cable Code

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A crossover is used to connect two Ethernet devices without a hub or for connecting two
hubs. A crossover has one end with the Orange set of wires switched with the Green set. Odd
numbered pins are always striped, even numbered pins are always solid colored. A crossover
cable is a type of cable installation that is used for the interconnection of two similar
devices. It is enabled by reversing the transmission and receiving pins at both ends, so that
output from one computer becomes input to the other, and vice versa. For crossover cable, swap
1 with 3, and 2 with 6, in the list above. This gives: 
Pin1White-orange
Pin2Orange
Pin3 White-green
Pin4Blue
Pin5 White-blue
Pin6 Green
Pin7 White-brown
Pin8 Brown

4.5. Other Responsibilities We Had During Our Internship

An intern is a trainee who has signed on with an organisation for a brief period. An intern's goal
is to gain work experience, occasionally some university credit or polytechnic credit, and
always an overall feel for the industry they're interning in. Internships may be paid, partially
paid, or unpaid. But now we did this in free to gain Experiences. Thus the other responsibilities
we had during our internship was on changing the Public service and Human resource
organization ; Document Management Systems manual into systems or Database and installing
different HP Jet scanners and Printers driver by their appropriate model and storing the end files
on the organization data storage server .and also other responsibilities we had listed as follows

 Developing hardware skills.

 Preparing Our self as an employee and act as an employee
 Preparing Our self as an ICT technician and act as an technician
 Learning and self-teaching from different tutorials and taking experience from senior staff.

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 PART V:- Overall Benefits We Get from the Company
5.1. Benefits from the Internship Program In terms of Skills
Having any level of competency in ICT skills can allow us to pursue a job that involves working with

technology. Here are other lists of the some of ICT skills that I have gain from this internship

program:

1) Basic Operation of ICT Hardware – Including printers, scanners, photocopiers, smart

phones, tablets and projectors. In this ICT Center we can improved the Hardware skills.
We can also familiarize one with basic computing and communications hardware. This
can include the use of everyday smart devices and how to repair the ICT tools.
2) Safe Internet Usage – Such as using search engines for research purposes or updating
company social media accounts.
3) Develop the skill of Planning. It helps to plan and think about the best kind of work
experience for what you want to do by using ICT. The technical knowledge and skills we
gained from this Internship which is beneficial for our future career.
4) Administering and installing the networks
5) Develop General Operation management such as :-
 Decision making skills as action researcher
 Problem-solving Skills as team or sector leader
 Teamwork Skills (work well with others)- as co-worker
 Initiating and promoting others in work environment- as collaborator
 Communication Skills with co-workers and customers- as public servant

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5.2. Benefits from the Internship Program of ICT In terms of Attitudes

Some of the empirical data and the experience we gain from this internship confirms that
attitude toward behaviours is a better prediction of intention than attitude toward
objects (ICT); attitude toward objects has positive influence on attitude toward behaviours.
Attitudes toward a previous version of the software and its use have significant impacts on
the current attitudes. Therefore ICT internships offer an enriched change of attitude relating with real
world applicable ICT Service particularly in tertiary level of education. After change of attitude we can Get

excited about a career pathway in ICT. The main objective of the learner participating in an

internship of ICT is to changing the attitudes related with: 

 Explore career alternatives prior to graduation. 

 Integrate theory and practice. 

 Assess interests and abilities in their field of study.

 Gain confidence.
 Transition into a job and creativity as well as innovation.
 Give yourself an edge in the job market.
 Strong Work Ethic and dignity

5.3. Benefits from the Internship Program of ICT In terms of Knowledges
 Internships are a great way to connect classroom knowledge to real-world experience. Here are some

advantages of internships:-
 Job experience.
 Research experience.
 Access to a variety of tasks and departments.
 Mentorship.
 Create a professional network.
 Build a strong resume.

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 Networking.
 Multi-Tasking / Prioritizing.
 Working World Experience.
 Punctuality.
 Business Communication. Whether through emails, phone calls, or face-to-face meetings, an
internship will see you communicating with others in your organization.

5.4. Some Of the Limitation Occurred in Our intern-Ships

Beside the Benefits listed above there were some of the limitations occurred during our
internship are listed as follows:

 Lack of ICT Infrastructures

 Lack of Skilled Human Power
 Not getting more time to use most out of the materials
 Shortage of time to cover things as we have planned before
 Electric power problems
 Solution to these problems:- The best solution to the above problem is we suggest that
applying more materials ,minimizing number of students and we suggest the power problem
to be solved by effective generator. we have tried to make a good relation between them to
get good communication.

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PART VI: Conclusions And Recommendations

6.1. Conclusion

Technology influences every aspect of our lives and plays a vital role in education; it is part
of the curriculum, a means of delivering instruction, as well as a tool to enhance the learning
process. Everyday usage of digital technology includes when you use a computer, tablet or
mobile phone, send email, browse the internet, make a video call - these are all examples of
using basic ICT skills and technology to communicate.
In the internship we have gained new knowledge, skills and met many new people. We achieved
several of learning goals, however for some the conditions did not permit. We got into
professional practice. We earned the different sides of working within Governmental
organization. The network administration unit is responsible for the design, implementation, and
day-to-day operation of the network. The network analysis and network design draws together
the tips and best practices outlined and guidance to perform my intension with this apparent ship.
It is known that developing and working for DWPSHRDO Of ICT center. We have tried to best
and developed good practice.
Finally, we have done our practice in Dedo Woreda Public Service and Human Resource
Development Office of ICT center that was solved many problems at the organization. Also, the
society or workers in DWPSHRDO was happy to solve the problem the connection and we are
happy for getting many new knowledge and experience.

6.2. Recommendations:

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During the Intern Ship mission, it became clear that slow progress in the implementation of both
ICT Reform and ICT policy and technology transfer was largely due to implementation
deficiencies rather than lack of policy or institutions such as Dedo ICT Cenetrs. Implementation
appears to be incomplete due to various challenges such as lack of Budget, lack of ICT
infrastructures and Human powers. Thus the following recommendations are presented:-

1) Solving the lack of ICT technicians. Lack of skilled or professional technicians – both
within their institution and the country as a whole – to repair or provide maintenance was the
main explanation for of skills has affected not only the maintenance and repair of ICT tools but
also the operation of the ICT tools.

2) High-level need or demand of ICT but low-level of ICT Infrastructures, provision of

budgets and technological learning. Beside that in Ethiopia including this Dedo Woreda there
is now a high level of enthusiasm and an intense desire to acquire and apply new technologies,
particularly digital technologies, software development encouraged, but it is also important to
realize the critical need to master the technologies and innovations needed to boost the
development of the agricultural and manufacturing sectors, where the country’s current needs
and potential for dynamic comparative advantage lie. This has constrained the opportunities
available for technological learning, skill formation and innovation. Therefore this must be
overcome by government plan and it must be need the initiations to ICT training to equate
demand and the provision of ICT Service to bring attitudinal changes.
3) A mismatch between “policy of ICT formulation” and “policy of ICT implementation”.
On internship and other empirical data, our country has most of the policies, regulations,
background studies and road maps necessary to kick-start a successful process of technological
learning, innovation and technological upgrading. In reality, however, there is a serious
implementation gap across public institutions either because of capacity constraints or
misallocation of efforts and resources. Advances should also be made on policy coordination and
coherence
4) Solving the Binding constraints to innovation and technology. The most widely cited
constraint on innovation and Technology is the cost of acquiring new technologies, closely
followed by a lack of qualified workers, particularly technically competent personnel. Lack of
information on technology within the country was also a critical constraint, highlighting the early

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stage of development of the technology support system and the lack of relevant knowledge and
skills within firms or ICT centers and Public Sectors. They also signal the need for policy efforts
to increase process innovation, and to create an environment conducive to accelerated
technological learning and innovation. Firms need policy support to convert product and process
innovation outcomes into productivity gains. However, the major constraint capacity and the
understanding to gather the required information and the resources and know-how to innovate.
At the same time, the quality of university and technical and vocational education is not at the
desired level yet. There is a major gap in linking it with demand from industry or governmental
sectors in terms of skills, and the content of courses and supply of graduates. This finding came
out clearly during internships with Dedo ICT Center that serving different public/governmental
sectors. Almost all of those co-workers of this ICT center indicated that the teachers at university
and technical school level lack practical industrial experience as well as ICT profession and that
the exposure of students to the reality of the industry and ICT sector are weak. Another challenge
has been the mismatch between the number of teachers available and the number required to
catch up with the rate of expansion of the universities and technical and vocational colleges.

Reference
 DWPSHRDO’s Network Infrastructure document and ICT kit Tools
 Official website of OSTIA

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  Basic Computer Skills Training Documents in Dedo ICT Center
APPENDIX
Abbreviation
a. ICT:-Information Communication Center.
b. RJ45:- registered jack.
c. DWPSHRDO:- South West Jima Zone And Good Governance

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