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    Data Response Ionic Bonding

    Uploaded by

    Murat KAYA

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Data Response Ionic Bonding

    Uploaded by

    Murat KAYA
    76 views2 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    76 views2 pages

    Data Response Ionic Bonding

    Uploaded by

    Murat KAYA

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Data Response question on ionic bonding

    The aim of this exercise is to get students to think critically about what they read.

    The following extract is taken from a very well-respected British chemistry textbook for 16–19 year
    olds (specifically: G. Hill and J. Holman, Chemistry in Context, 5th edn, Nelson, 2000). It introduces
    the topic of ionic bonding using lithium oxide as the example. Many other books use sodium chloride
    as the example, set out in a similar way.

    Read the extract carefully then answer the four questions that appeared
    after the extract in the book:
    1. What is the electron structure of: (a) the lithium ion; (b) the oxide ion?

    © Dr Geoffrey Neuss, InThinking


    http://www.thinkib.net/chemistry 1
    2. Which noble gas has an electron structure like that of Li+?
    3. Which noble gas has an electron structure like that of O2–?
    4. Why is it that two lithium atoms react with only one oxygen atom?

    Now for some different questions that were not asked in the book.
    (You will need the IB data booklet to answer some of the questions.)

    1. Why are some of the electrons shown singly and others in pairs?

    2. Comment on the size of the lithium atom compared with that of the oxygen atom. (Support your
    answer by finding out the values for their atomic radii.)

    3. Is the process of a lithium atom losing an electron exothermic or endothermic? Find its value.

    4. The removal of an electron from lithium involves the first ionization energy of lithium. What must
    be done to the lithium atom before the value for the first ionization energy can be used? Is this
    process exothermic or endothermic? Find its value.

    5. What name is given to the enthalpy change for adding two electrons to an oxygen atom? Is it an
    exothermic or endothermic process? Find its value.

    6. Comment on the size of a lithium ion compared with that of a lithium atom.

    7. Comment on the size of an oxide ion compared with that of an oxygen atom.

    8. Write the equation for the complete combustion of lithium in oxygen. Include the physical states
    in your balanced equation.

    9. Does the diagram represent the equation you have written? If not, what extra enthalpy change is
    necessary for oxygen? Is this change exothermic or endothermic? Find its value (remember this is for
    the formation of one atom of gaseous oxygen).

    10. Look at all the values for the changes taking place that have been discussed so far and add them
    up (remember there are two atoms of lithium reacting with one atom of oxygen).

    11. The total enthalpy change for the reaction is −596 kJ mol-1. Suggest which energy factor you have
    not yet taken into account, and calculate its value.

    12. If you were asked to write a chemistry textbook, could you now come up with a better diagram
    to illustrate ionic bonding using lithium oxide?

    13. The enthalpy term arrived at in question 11 is known as the lattice enthalpy change. Would you
    expect the lattice enthalpy change for sodium chloride (NaCl) to be larger or smaller in absolute
    terms than that for lithium oxide (Li2O)? Explain your answer.

    14. Finally, a tough question! The lattice enthalpy change can be calculated theoretically and
    obtained experimentally. For sodium chloride there is excellent agreement between the two values
    obtained. However, the experimental value for lithium oxide (Li2O) is –2906 kJ mol-1, whereas
    the theoretical value is –2799 kJ mol-1. Suggest a reason why the two values are not the same.

    © Dr Geoffrey Neuss, InThinking


    http://www.thinkib.net/chemistry 2

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