Final Lecture

CITY GOVERNMENT OF SAN PABLO
PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG SAN PABLO

CHED Recognized Local College
TESDA Recognized Programs
ALCU Commission on Accreditation – Level 1 Re-Accredited
Member, Association of Local Colleges and Universities
Patriotism • Leadership • Service• Professionalism Member, Local Colleges and Universities Athletic Association, Inc.
COMMUNICATION FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES: TYPES OF

COMMUNICATION/SPEECHES
Communication is made for numerous purposes. The way messages are crafted depends
highly on the intention of the sender.
A. Informative or Expository Communication/Speech

This presents a balanced analysis of a topic. The writer explains or defines a topic, using
facts, statistics, and examples.
The purpose of informative communication is to educate on a certain topic. It is not for

giving an opinion or convincing someone to do something or change his beliefs. In
addition to being informative, it needs to be interesting.
This involves giving than asking. As an informative communicator, you want your receivers
to pay attention and understand, but not to change their behavior. By sharing information,
ignorance is reduced, or better yet eliminated. The informative value of a message is
measured by how novel and relevant the information is or the kind of understanding it
provides the receivers.
Osborn (2009) purports that informative communication arises out of three deep
impulses:
a. We seek to expand our awareness of the world around us.
b. We seek to become more competent.
c. We have an abiding curiosity about how things work and how they are made.
When preparing for an informative exchange, ask yourself the following questions:
1. Is my topic noteworthy to be considered informative?
2. What do my recipients already know about my topic?
3. What more do they have to know?
4. Am I knowledgeable enough of my topic to help my receivers understand it?
How to Write an Informative Essay Introduction?

Introduce the topic by developing a shocking, engaging hook sentences in the
beginning to grab the reader’s attention. It would be a great idea to insert a literary
quote or famous people saying in the opening sentence. Try beginning with the
statistics/fact. Another nice option is adding a simile or metaphor.
Address: Brgy. San Jose, City of San Pablo, Laguna Cel. no. (0929) 356 7646 E – mail (Administrative Office), [email protected]
Work on a powerful thesis statement (include the main informative essay’s idea).
Check whether the rest of the arguments relate to it. End your initial paragraph by
stating the predictions for the future, rhetorical question. (dramatic effect)
How to Write an Informative Essay Body Paragraphs?

Do not come up with more than three body paragraphs & three main arguments to
defend. Each claim included in the work should be supported by the meaningful,
strong evidence retrieved during the process of in-depth research.
How to Write an Informative Essay Conclusion?

It is necessary to finish the whole informative essay on an epic note in case the author
wants the reading audience to remember his brilliant ideas and go on researching the
problem. A conclusion should have a restated/rewritten thesis statement in one
sentence. Add a meaningful summary based on three main points discussed in the
body. It is a good idea to finish the informative essay with the exclamation, forecasts
for the future, innovative ideas, rhetorical question, or quote of a famous person. It is
all about leaving the last impression!
B. Persuasive Communication/Speech
This is an art of gaining fair and favorable considerations for our point of view. It
a. Provides a choice among options;
b. Advocates something through a speaker;
c. Uses supporting material to justify advice;
d. Turns the audience into agents of change;
e. Asks for strong audience commitment;
f. Gives importance to the speaker’s credibility;
g. Appeals to feelings; and
h. Has bigger ethical obligation.
Persuasive Essay Outline

Introductory Paragraph
 Grab the reader’s attention by using a “hook.”
 Give an overview of the argument.
 Close with a thesis statement that reveals the position to be argued.
Body Paragraphs
 Each body paragraph should focus on one piece of evidence.
 Within each paragraph, provide sufficient supporting detail.
Opposing View Paragraph

 Describe and then refute the key points of the opposing view.
Concluding Paragraph
 Restate and reinforce the thesis and supporting evidence.
C. Argumentative Communication/Speech
This relies heavily on sound proof and reasoning. the writer is trying to convince the
reader of something. The writer will demonstrate the validity or falsity of a topic. The
writer’s position will be backed up with evidence, including statistics or the opinion of
experts. Further, the writer is making an argument for or against something, and
supporting the argument with data. Generally, you are expected to present a clear stand on
an issue that has at least two different (opposing) sides. It is looking on the both sides of
the issue, but not forgetting to take stand.
According to Aristotle, logos, ethos, and pathos are the three primary forms of proof. In
our time, whoever, many scholars have confirmed the presence of a fourth dimension of
proof –mythos, which suggests that we respond to appeal to the traditions and values of
our culture…
Lucas (2007) claims that to avoid defective argumentation, the following must be
avoided:
1. Defective Evidence
a. Misuse of facts
b. Statistical fallacies
c. Defective testimony
d. Inappropriate evidence
2. Defective Patterns of Reasoning

 Evidential fallacies
a. Slippery slope
b. Confusing facts with opinion
c. Red herring
d. Myth of the mean
 Flawed proofs
 Defective arguments
WRITING AND DELIVERING A SPEECH

The Thesis Statement
Thesis statement. It is the main point or central argument of your speech. It expresses your
stand on the issue you chose to deal with. In order to formulate a good thesis statement, make
sure that it does the following:
1. Presents a strong position that is supported by convincing evidence.
2. Suggests a framework for organizing the speech.
Examples:
 Despite the growing number of broken families in the country, divorce should not be
legalized in the Philippines.
 Because of the economic and environmental benefits it brings, eco‐tourism should be

promoted in our community.
Common Structure of a Speech

Commonly, a speech is composed of five coherent paragraphs. Each paragraph should have
five sentences:
Introduction of Main point → 3 Supporting Sentences/Supporting Details and/or evidences
→ Conclusion
The structure of a speech is organized as:

First Paragraph : Introductory Paragraph → Introduction with Thesis
Statement
Second Paragraph : First Body Paragraph → First Main Point/Main Idea
Third Paragraph : Second Body Paragraph → Second Main Point/Main
Idea
Fourth Paragraph : Third Body Paragraph → Third Main Point/Main Idea
Fifth Paragraph : Concluding Paragraph → Conclusion
Delivering a Speech
When you deliver a speech, make use of both the verbal and nonverbal codes.
1. Paralinguistic Cues
Subsumed under this category are facial expressions, posture, gestures, and
movement.
For facial expressions, the eyes and eye‐to‐eye contact.
Posture refers to the speaker’s stance. How speakers carry themselves during the
presentation will show whether or not they possess credibility. Stand comfortably
with your feet, with one foot over the other.
Gestures are used to make a point more emphatic. However, they should be used only
for important points raised as they can become distractive when used often.
Movement is made by the entire body. A speaker should know how to move on stage
so that his/her movement will not be distracting to the audience.
It is to be noted that while dress or attire is not considered as a paralinguistic cue, it is

still classified as nonverbal. One way to attract the attention of the audience is by
dressing up properly. As a speaker, you should look good and pleasing to the eyes of
the listeners. Dress properly but don’t overdo it as it may create a gap between you
and the audience. You should be well‐groomed with your hair neatly‐combed and
your shoes well‐polished. Pieces of jewelry or fashion accessories should be used
conservatively.
2. Prosodic Features
When you speak, aim at delivering your message clearly through intelligible and
comprehensible pronunciation. You need to articulate the sounds clearly by paying
attention to how you move your lips, tongue, and teeth.
Successful communication depends on prosodic features such as intonation, tone,

stress or emphasis on words, and rhythm. Pauses on phrases and sentences are
likewise prosodic features.
Other Tips in Writing and Delivering a Speech

1. Review the General Principles of Effective Communication and Principles of
Effective Oral Communication
2. Know the profile of your listeners and how much they know the topic of your speech.
Know how to deal with any unpleasant incident or conflict with your audience and
always stay in control of the situation.
3. Read a lot. Research about your topic.
4. Prepare for your oral presentation by rehearsing or practicing aloud and getting the
feedback of those who will act as your audience during the rehearsal.
PUBLIC SPEAKING
Public Speaking is a process of speaking in a structured, deliberate manner to inform,
influence, or entertain an audience.
Speech is the term used to refer to the body spoken expressions of information and ideas. A
speech may be delivered in any of the following modes: read from a manuscript, memorized,
and delivered extemporaneously or impromptu. The choice of mode of speech delivery is
determined by factors such as length of preparation, complexity of message, purpose, and
occasion.
Read from a Manuscript (Speaking from a Manuscript)
Manuscript speaking is the word-for-word iteration of a written message. In a manuscript
speech, the speaker maintains his or her attention on the printed page except when using
visual aids.
Memorized (Speaking from Memory)

Memorized speaking is the rote recitation of a written message that the speaker has
committed to memory. Memorization can be useful when the message needs to be exact
and the speaker doesn’t want to be confined by notes.
Impromptu
Impromptu speaking is the presentation of a short message without advance preparation.
This delivery method does happen when we are asked for an opinion of an issue
unexpectedly.
Extemporaneous
A speaking situation focused on engaging the audience. This method involves a carefully
prepared and practiced speech that is delivered from a skeleton of thoughts and words.
Factors of Effective Public Speaking

 Public speaking is not difficult. Anyone who can converse with a friend, talk in
colloquial and thoughtful terms, exchange a humorous remark, and be interested in
the lives of others can speak publicly.
 Requirements in public speaking: A SPEAKER, AN AUDIENCE, and AN
OCCASION.
3 Important Factors of Public Speaking according to Aristotle

 ethos- credibility of the speaker
 logos- logical arrangement of words or sentences
 pathos- ability to create connection between speaker and the audience
Techniques in Public Speaking

In public speaking, techniques consist of the elements of speech and action which orally and
visually represent the speaker’s thought and communicate it to the audience. These elements
of techniques are:
1. Voice. The sound produced by the vibration of the vocal cords.
2. Voice Pitch. The highness or lowness of tone.
3. Voice Volume. The loudness or carrying power of voice.
4. Voice Quality. Distinguishes one voice from another when pitch, volume, and
duration are the same. For instance, a voice may be hoarse, nasal, mellow, etc.
5. Speech Rate and Pause. Consists of the number of words uttered per minute and the
cessation of the speaking within or between sentences.
6. Enunciation and Pronunciation. The formation of voice into words; the manner of
utterance of words
7. Gestures. Involve the movements of arms, shoulders, hands or head in the physical
expression of thought.
8. Posture. The position and bearing of the body.
9. Facial Expression. The aspect and general appearance of the face.
10. Organization of Thought. The logical arrangement of ideas.
11. Composition. Manner of formulating ideas into effective sentence.
12. Audience Contact. Establishing mental contact with the audience by talking to its
members.
13. Motivation. The use of appeals and subject matter which are important to the
audience and induce audience action.
Ignorance on the part of the speaker of the techniques of good effective communication of
ideas will surely handicap him in achieving his objective to create the desired idea in the
listeners. Only through mastery of the techniques of effective speaking can a speaker direct
the thought, mood, and action of his audience toward the specific objective chosen by him.
Ethics of Public Speaking

The difference often lies in observing simple ethics in public speaking!
Generally speaking, ethics have to do with what is morally right. In other words, ethics in
public speaking are more or less guidelines or unwritten rules or code of conduct every
ambitious public speaker should master and observe.
Ethics is the responsibility we have toward audience and ourselves.

1. Show Respect for Your Audience
Everyone loves to be respected and your audience loves that too.
Miss this point and you kill your presentation even before you begin!
2. Respect Your Audience’s Time
Your audience value their time too… So don’t waste it! Therefore, show respect for
your audience's time by keeping to the allotted time for your speech. A good way to
do this effectively is good preparation. If you prepare well in advance, it will keep
you from running overtime.
3. Prepare Very Well
Prepare well in advance. Do research on the subject and gather all necessary facts
and references. Thereafter, rehearse your speech. Remember that saying: ’Practice
makes perfect? So practice, practice and practice until you gain mastery of your
speech.
4. Be Honest and Don’t Mislead Your Audience
How would you feel if you listened to a speech and you enjoyed it so much but you
later discovered that the facts presented in the speech were distorted to suit the
speaker’s selfish motives? Bad and greatly disappointed! Isn't it? If you are not sure
about a piece of information or fact or statistics, don’t use it!
5. Avoid Plagiarism/Identify Your Sources
6. Ensure Your Objective is Ethical
If the objective of your speech is to motivate people to get involved in harmful,
illegal or unethical activities then you are not observing the ethics in public
speaking. It is as simple as that!
7. Be Yourself
While it is a good idea to learn from others, especially those we consider as role
models, don’t try to be someone you are not! You can never be someone else… You
can only be you! Hence, be natural in your delivery.
8. Understand Paraphrasing and Direct Quotations
9. Set Responsible Speech Goals
10. Promote Diversity and Social Awareness
11. Use Inclusive Language
12. Avoid Hate Speech
13. Employ Respectful Free Speech
COMMUNICATION FOR WORK PURPOSES

Different professions used different forms of communication. however, you will note that
there are communication materials that cut across professions. They communicate important
information about a certain organization, event, or individual.
DIFFERENT FORMS OF COMMUNICATION IN THE WORK FIELD

A. Business Letters
Business letters are common form of writing in any organization. The conventional parts
of a business letter are structured in the sample template below.
Template of a Business Letter with a conventional Heading and Utilizing Purely lock format
186 Int. Dolores Street Conventional Heading

Arnaiz Avenue (Writer’s Contact Information)
Pasay City, Philippines
June 1, 2020 Date
Mr. David Ruiz

Manager
Inside Address
Zenith Enterprises (Recipient’s Contact Information)
28 Dart Street
Paco, Manila, Philippines
Dear Mr. Ruiz: Salutation
Body of the Letter
Sincerely yours, Complimentary Close
Rain R. Dayan Signature above typed/printed name
Template of a Business Letter with a Modern Heading and Utilizing Modified Block Format
Logo
of
Sender
_____________________________________________________________
Date June 1, 2022
Mr. David Ruiz

Manager
Inside Address
Zenith Enterprises (Recipient’s Contact Information)
28 Dart Street
Paco, Manila, Philippines
Dear Mr. Ruiz: Salutation
Body of the Letter
Complimentary Close Sincerely yours,
Signature Rain R. Dayan

above typed/printed name and designation General Manager
Note that there is a need for you to adjust the content of your letter depending on the
purpose for writing. As it is, there are different kinds of business letters: letter of
application, letter of resignation, letter of acceptance, follow‐up letter, letter of inquiry,
letter of appreciation, among others.
B. Memorandum
The term memorandum can be shortened r abbreviated by calling it a “memo”. It is
usually issued and disseminated by those occupying midlevel positions and up in an
organization. It is written to serve as a reminder to one’s constituents who need to do or
act upon something. This is done so that the concerned constituents will be properly
guided as to what to do next so that errors in the organizational system/process can be
avoided or if already made or committed, it may or will not happen again.
Memos have the same structure. This is the template for a memorandum:
MEMORANDUM
TO : (Sendee/Recipient)
FROM : (Sender)
DATE : (Date of writing the memo)
SUBJECT : (Some memos use RE to mean regarding)
(Details of the subject)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Sample Memorandum
OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT

Santa Catalina College
Harrison Road, Baguio City
Administrative Memo No. 25, s. 2017
MEMORANDUM
TO : All Deans and Heads of Offices
FROM : College President
DATE : October 20, 2022
RE : Suspension of Classes and Office Work – November 2,
2022
Greetings!
To give employees time to observe the All Souls’ Day, the Santa
Catalina Administration has declared to suspend work in all offices on
Tuesday, November 2, 2022.
Work in all offices and classes in all levels will resume on

Wednesday, November 3, 2022.
For your guidance.
(Signature)
President
C. Minutes of Meeting
Organizations, institutions, agencies, and even smaller units or offices hold meetings from
time to time. It is important that things discussed in the meeting are documented so that
you can always refer to them when issues arise in the future. It is possible that any
clarification on matters held in the past. Thus, it is important that records are kept
properly. Soft and hard copies are highly recommended.
Minutes of meeting is written usually by a member of the organization who takes the role
of a note taker, a secretary, or a recorder. As recorder and reporter, you must never put
your own opinion in the minutes.
Below is a template of the minutes of a meeting:
MINUTES OF THE MEETING

(Name of Organization)
(Venue, Date, and Time of the Meeting)
List of Attendees:
 Present (list down the complete names)
 Absent (list down the complete names)
I. Approval of Agenda
II. Review and Approval of Minutes of the Previous Meeting
III. Business Arising from the Minutes
IV. New Agenda
V. Adjournment
Name over Signature of the one who prepared the minutes/Date
Approval of the person occupying the top position in the organization
Baguio City Association of Writers, Inc.

Second Officers’ Meeting
Heritage Conference Hall
February 24, 2018
1:00 – 5:00 p.m.
I. CALL TO ORDER
President Jose called the meeting to order at 1:00 p.m. on February 14, 2018.
II. ROLL CALL AND DETERMINATION OF QUORUM
A quorum was established. The following members were present: (List down the names of
those who were present in the meeting.)
Absent: (List down the names of those who were absent in the meeting.)
III. APPROVAL OF THE MINUTE OF JANUARY 15, 2018 MEETING
Copies of the minutes of January 15, 2018, Association meeting were distributed to the
members prior to the February 14 meeting. The minutes were approved with no
correction.
IV. COMMITMENT REPORTS
Scholarship Awards
Ana Li, the secretary, announced that the organization will be granting two 20, 000 Php
scholarships next year. Any student who will be studying Library Science at the
university level eligible to apply. Announcements and other pertinent documents will be
sent to all members. All applications must be submitted by August 16, 2018.
V. OLD BUSINESS
Articles for the organization’s yearly journal are due by June 19, 2018.
VI. NEW BUSINESS
The organization’s website does not seem to attract individuals and lacks a sense of
creativity. A committee was formed to look into the possible ways of improving the
website’s aesthetics and content. Back Wakit, the committee’s chair, has assigned Butch
Ibanes to redesign the website. The committee’s proposal will be forwarded to the board
for approval.
VII. ADJOURNMENT
The meeting was adjourned at 5:00 p.m.
Prepared by:
(Signature)
Ana Tagle, Secretary
D. Letter of Inquiry
An inquiry letter is written when a person needs more information about products,
services, internships, scholarships, or job vacancies offered by companies, associations,
or individuals. Often, inquiry letters are sent when a person has specific questions that are
not addressed by the general information available provided by the brochures, websites,
advertisements. Classified ads, etc.
Content and Organization of Letter of Inquiry
A. Heading or Letterhead
B. Inside Address
C. Salutation
D. Body of the Letter
First Paragraph: It provides a background of your inquiry such as
how, where, and when you first learned of the information. State your
purpose in one or two sentences.
Middle Paragraph: This section should specify the information you

are seeking.
Final Paragraph: Express your expectation from your addressee and
thank him in advance for his favorable action.
E. Complimentary Close
F. Signature over printed name
The format of an inquiry letter follows any of the following most commonly used
formats: pure block, semi‐block, or modified block.
Note: The structure of inquiry letter is just the same as how business letters are
structured.
E. Security Incident Report

Below is a template of the security incident report:
SECURITY INCIDENT REPORT
Reported by : ______________________ Date of Report : ___________
Designation : ______________________ Incident No. : ___________
Signature : ______________________
Incident Information
Incident Type : ______________________ Date of Incident : ___________
Specific Location : ______________________ Time of Incident : ___________
Person/s Involved : ____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
Description of the Incident or Narration of the Incident

___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Witness/es (if available) : ____________________________

____________________________
Police report filed? Yes No

Police Precinct : ______________________
Receiving Police Officer: ______________________

Telephone Number : ______________________
OTHER FORMS OF INFORMAL REPORTS IN THE WORK FIELD

A report is a comprehensive document that covers all aspects of the subject matter of study. It
presents results of an experiment, investigation, research, or an inquiry to a specific audience.
Report intends to transmit information for the purpose of informing the stock holders or
offices of the company, to record data transpired at a meeting, or to justify a transaction that
requires approval. As a writer of a report, keep emotional distance or withhold any personal
commentary on the report. It requires formality and many times when emotion of the writer
comes on top formality is likely to ruin.
Elements of A Report
Reminder: Follow your company’s format of report.
 Introduction. This includes the background of the report. It states the questions being
requested. What are covered is also included in this part. It also includes the works
completed and some problems met to complete the works.
 Body. This is the main part of the report. It is the flesh of your communication which
means that you make a report because of this information you are going to convey. It is
longer than the introduction and conclusion. To make easy to the reader, some aids are
recommended like: table, figures, maps, and pictures.
 Conclusion. It includes the scheduled works or some projects to be finished or to be
started. It is also the closing of the report.
Elements for Longer Reports
 Title
 Current Date and the Date Covered in the Report, if necessary
 Full Name of the Receiver and his Position in the Company
 Name of the Company
 Sender’s Complete Name and Position in the Company

 The Report Itself
Formats of Report
Letter Type Report Memorandum Type Report
It is the most formal form of written communication. It is used for internal communication
It is used if your readers are outsiders. (communication within a company).
A. Progress Report
It is used in the on-going project or work (about the way a project is developing). It has
three parts:
Introduction. It serves as the connector between the previous and the present report. In the
introduction, the previous report is summarized then links it to the present one.
Body. It is the present report. It explains the progress of the project. It must be supported
with visual aids.
Conclusion. It is the prediction about the progress believed to happen in the near future as
based on the flow of the job.
To sum up: Introduction is the past, body is the present, and conclusion is the future.
B. Periodic Report
It comes out at a certain period of time. Managers decide on the marketing adjustments
and strategies. It is made depending on the period prescribed by the company (monthly,
quarterly, annually). It is understood that investors need to know the situation of the
business to decide and adjust their investment.
C. Completion Report
It is done when a research, project, etc. are done or completed. Analysis of achievement is
the basic function of a completion report. It tells whether the organization or project’s
target is hit. In meeting, progress, periodic, and completion reports are required. Experts
suggest starting the completion report with a thesis statement (the main idea of the entire
written composition, or theme).
The purpose of completion report is to picture out success as the project is completed.
The completion report includes review of the goals of the project. Mention each of the
goals and see to it to the reader that each goal is achieved as the project is completed. To
make it more effective, you may put evidences or proofs such as pictures, graphs, and
other forms of graphical documentation.
D. Financial Report
It presents formal record of the financial activities of a business, person, or other entries.
E. Sales Activity Report

It helps a firm to understand about the progress of the sales people and also identify the
shortcomings.
F. Personnel Evaluation
It is used by an organization to assess an employee’s performance.
G. Feasibility Report
It assesses the viability of a new project; details whether or not a project should be
undertaken and the reasons for that decision; persuades or helps the decision makers to
choose between available options.
H. Literature Review
It is a determinant in knowing the state of certain knowledge. It determines whether
certain knowledge is needed, abandoned, or not yet known. Review of related literature
works as a cornerstone. From it, a conceptual framework is formulated. It proves the
necessity to go on with the present study. It helps the researcher convince the readers
particularly the research committee that a study of such kind is indeed a demand. Review
of related literature helps avoid redundancy or duplication of works.
COMMUNICATION FOR EMPLOYMENT

Before getting employed, one undergoes an application process that involves the
communication skills you have been practicing in the previous lessons. The application
process usually begins with a job advertisement that is made available through various forms
such as newspaper advertisements, radio and/or television broadcasts, and social media posts.
To apply for a job, an applicant must carefully read the job advertisement to determine if the
job description matches his/her interests, needs, and qualifications. These advertisements list
certain requirements that applicants must prepare and submit. The requirements usually
include application letter, resumé, recommendation letter, school records, and other
supporting documents. After all the requirements are collected and submitted to the
employers, depending on the nature of the job, paper‐and‐pen tests may be scheduled.
Finally, a job interview is arranged.
THE JOB INTERVIEW

For interviewee, the purpose of Job Interview is to make the most favorable impression by
selling his/her strengths, skills, and experiences related to the position. It is also an
opportunity to learn specific information about the job, i.e., company goals and the work
environment to determine whether or not the position is a match for your career goals.
As in any sales call, you must be prepared, make a good first impression, build rapport,
understand the needs of the customer (employer), sell the benefits (of hiring you), overturn
objections and close the sale.
First Impressions
Communication Skills + Image = Perception
Types of Interview
1. Informational Interview. This interview aims to seek information from the
interviewee. An accurate informational interview requires careful planning which
include the preparation of questions to be asked.
2. Persuasive Interview. The persuasive interview has to do with selling goods. Sales
talk also needs careful preparation for as salesman, you should have explicit and
detailed information about your goods and their advantages over the other products of
a similar nature.
3. Oral Application Interview. Oral application interview is special type of conversation
in the workplace for which one usually prepares in advance by appointment.
Purposes of Job Interview

1. Amplifies and clarifies information from application forms and resumes.
2. Evaluates the presentability of the applicant.
3. Elicits new information.
4. Supports or contradicts information from tests conducted by the company and the
reference checking.
5. Provides the applicant with information about the job.
6. Develops impression about motivation, interpersonal skills, and other personality
characteristics.
7. Contributes to the organization’s public relations by leaving the applicant with a
positive feeling regardless of the hiring decisions.
Parts of Job Interview

The job interview is usually granted by the human resource officer or the manager of the
company where you are applying. It consists of three parts:
A. Opening- includes the initial contact between the communicants which creates the
initial impression. It is also where the rapport is created.
B. Body- proceeds with the objective of finding whether the applicant fits the job as
necessary. The interviewer influences both the amount and the quality of information
and the kinds of transaction that occur.
C. Conclusion- can enhance or weaken what has taken place previously. It should
include: 1. The review and/or summary, 2. An orientation of what will happen next,
and 3. an expression of appreciation.
Job Interview Etiquettes

 Come on time for tests and interview.
 Wear proper business attire.
 Do not bring anything unnecessary.
 Memorize the contents of your resume and application letter. Always carry a pen and
two or three copies of your resume neatly tucked in a folder or an envelope. Be sure to
know your accomplishments.
 Observe the basics of good manners.

 Speak clearly and be attentive to the questions, even though you are nervous.
 If you have question, do not be afraid to ask and do not be afraid to speak up.
 Let the interviewer take the lead in discussions, however, avoid being too
opinionated.
 Do not volunteer information which are not job-related, unless asked or are necessary
to your job.
 After the interview, graciously thank the interviewer for taking time to speak to you.
The Handshake
You should shake hands when you welcome people into your office or when you begin a
meeting with a small number of persons. It is disrespectful of you and embarrassing for that
person not to acknowledge the gesture. The handshake should be confident, warm, and
sincere. It should be coupled with a look straight to the eye of the receiver.
THE RESUMÉ
In writing resumé, you start by doing an inward assessment of yourself and by asking the
questions, “How can I encourage the employer to pay attention to my resumé?, and What
kind of resumé should I use?” These questions may be your starting point in fitting your
qualifications, skills, and experiences in creating effective advertisement.
What is a Resumé?
Resume is a French word meaning “summary.” It is ideally a persuasive summary of your
qualifications, e.g. education, skills, and employment, when applying for a new job. It is said
to be custom-fit because you are the one who made it and it is only made for you, not for
anybody else.
It is traditionally called as Bio Data or Biographical Data. Also, it is referred to as Curriculum
Vitae or CV.
A resume acts as an advertisement of your skills, experiences, and education. It is what will
open opportunities for you. It may not the reason for our acceptance but it will get you the
first interview for the position that you want.
Common Elements of a Traditional Resumé
Personal Information
Example: IVAN JAY DAGLI ORTEGA
#085, Brgy. San Vicente, San Pablo City, Laguna, Philippines, 4000
Mobile Number: 09193206255
E-mail Address: [email protected]
(picture should be attached on the upper right or left side of the resume, aligned to the personal
information.)
Objective (desired position)-should be one sentence only

Example: To perform my gained knowledge and skills in the field of teaching and to enhance my
mastery of the profession to be well-equipped to the new trends of education.
Education (from College down to Elementary)

Example: College
Bachelor in Secondary Education, Major in English
Dalubhasaan ng Lunsod ng San Pablo
Brgy. San Jose, San Pablo, City, Laguna
2020
Achievements/Recognitions (just include those which are related/essential to the job you are
applying for)
Example: Leadership Awardee
Department of Teacher Education
Brgy. San Jose, San Pablo City, Laguna
June 4, 2020
Trainings/Seminars Attended (just include those which are related/essential to the job you are
applying for)
Example: Lecture-Seminar for Pre-service Teachers
“On Becoming K-12 Teachers”
Teacher Education Department
San Pablo City Lions Club, San Pablo City
February 6, 2019
Organizational Affiliations
Example: Director for Marketing
San Pablo Youth Leaders Organization
San Pablo City, Laguna
January 2020
Experiences (just include those which are related/essential to the job you are applying for)
Example: Facilitator
Editorial Examination Committee, Bagong Sinag: Official School Publication
March 11, 2016
Personal Information (should be written in paragraph form)

(Information about yourself, which will tell who you are and what the things that can be seen in you.)
Character References (2-3 references)

Example: Mrs. Lorena Bautista
Assistant Professor II
09991234567
Signature above Printed Name
(see sample resumés on the next pages)

Features of a Resumé
1. Organization. There are different ways on how you can organize your resumé
depending on your goals, experiences, and qualifications.
a. Chronological Resumé is the general listing of al your academic and work
experience from the most recent to the oldest.
b. Functional Resumé is organized around various kinds of experience. If
you wish to demonstrate a lot of experience in more than one area and if
you wish to downplay dates, you may write this type of resumé.
c. Targeted Resumé generally announces the specific goal up to top, just
beneath your name, and offers information selectively. You can show only
the experience and skills relevant to your goal.
2. Succinctness. A resumé must be concise. Entries may not be written in sentences but
should be parallel.
3. Comprehensiveness. A resumé must present all important details that can gain the nod
of the prospective employer. In giving details, carefully choose the words that you
use. Check all the information you provided – from the contact information down the
references. Make sure that those whom you placed in the references know that you
placed them as sources of information for your employment before sending the
resumé.
4. Design. The resumé should be reader‐friendly and be professionally packaged. For
print resumé, use appropriate spacing, section, headings, and uniform typeface for
each heading.
Sample Resumé No. 1
Sample Resumé No. 2 Sample Resumé No. 3
Photo Source: https://www.kickresume.com/en/help-center/medical-intern-resume-sample/

https://novoresume.com/career-
blog/resume-examples
(You may search other sample resumés on the internet for more reference.)
In creating your resumé, you may have your own design (as it is termed ‘custom‐fit’) as long
as it appears professional and attractive, but do not overdo it.
THE APPLICATION LETTER/COVER LETTER

This type of business letter accompanies the CV or resume when applying for a job. Letter of
Applications are written in a way that you are selling yourself thru your qualifications. The
Applicant is the Seller and the Letter of Application is the Promoter. For the employer,
application letter serves as Efficiency Device—basis of employment. For the applicant,
application letter is a means of presenting his qualification effectively.
In writing this type of letter, you must identify yourself in the opening paragraph and the
position you are interested in.
The second paragraph must state your reason/s for showing interest in the job and why you
should be considered. You must state your experience and qualifications that make you a
suitable candidate for the job.
In the third paragraph, inform them that you have enclosed your current resume or CV and
any other information that you think is relevant in your application.
Finally, the closing paragraph must include your availability for interview. Do not forget to
thank them for consideration and repeat your interest.
(See examples on the next pages.)

Classes of Letters of Application
A. Solicited Letters
These are letters that are written in response to an advertisement. This kind of letter is
competitive.
Sample introductory paragraph of solicited letter:
I have read the recently posted Division Memorandum No. 009, s. 2019
(Recruitment, Selection, and Hiring of Teacher 1 Applicants for S.Y. 2019-
2020) in Department of Education-Division of San Pablo City website. In this
regard, I shall be pleased to have you considered me an applicant for the
position in your good school.
B. Unsolicited Letters
These are letters that are written at the suggestion of someone who knows of the
existence of a vacancy, or written on the change that there is or will be an opening
which the applicant is qualified to fill.
Sample introductory paragraph of unsolicited letter:
I am writing to express my strong desire and intent to be part of Dalubhasaan
ng Lunsod ng San Pablo Faculty as College English Instructor for this coming
academic year 2020-2021. In this regard, I shall be pleased to have you
considered me an applicant for the position in your good school.
Note: The only difference between solicited application letter and unsolicited application
letter is the introductory paragraph, the rest of the contents are just the same.
In writing the application letter, you need to mention your strongest qualification down to
your weakest qualification.
Application letter should have the following contents:

1. Letterhead (for companies)
2. Date/Dateline
3. Letter Address/Inside Address (3 to 4 spaces after Date/Dateline)
4. Salutation (2 spaces after Letter Address/Inside Address)
5. Body (2 spaces after Salutation)
6. Complimentary Close (2 spaces after Body)
7. Signature/Signature Line (3 to 4 spaces after Complimentary Close)
8. Enclosure/s (2 spaces after Signature/Signature Line
The body of the application letter should include the following:
1. Education
2. Reasons for Wanting the Position
3. Experiences
4. Trainings/Seminars
5. Personal Qualities/Information
6. Securing Action
7.
Three Formats of Business Letters:
1. Full Block (most commonly used)
2. Semi-Block
3. Modified Block
Some Rules in Writing the Application Letter:

1. Paper Size: 8.5x11 with normal or narrow margin
2. Font Style: Times New Roman (common font style); Font Size: 12
3. Letter should be one page only.
4. Do not use abbreviations for date.
 Write May 15 not May 15th
 Do not use 01/01/01 or 01-01-01
5. Single spacing for the body of the letter
6. Use Yours truly or Very truly yours as complimentary close if you use Dear Mr. Ortega
as your salutation.
7. Do not make any redundancy in the names with titles e.g. Dr. Ivan Jay D. Ortega, Ph.D.
8. Include only information relevant to the position you are applying for.
Sample Application Letter No. 1
Sample Application Letter No. 2

December 7, 2019
DR. FLERIDA A. LAYBA

Vice President for Academic Affairs
Dlubhasaan ng Lunsod ng San Pablo
Brgy. San Jose, San Pablo City, Laguna, 4000
Dear Dr. Layba:

I am writing to express my strong desire and intent to be part of Dalubhasaan ng Lunsod ng
San Pablo Faculty as College English Instructor for this coming academic year 2020-2021. In
this regard, I shall be pleased to have you considered me an applicant for the position.
I am a graduate of Dalubhasaan ng Lunsod ng San Pablo, with a degree of Bachelor in

Secondary Education major in English, with Special Citation for Academic Achievement
Award. I am currently pursuing my Master’s Degree (Master of Arts in Education, major in
English) at Laguna State Polytechnic University-San Pablo City Campus (with 30 units
earned).
I have three years of teaching experience (2016-2019) at Scuola dei Bambini di Sta. Teresita-
IMI, as a junior high school teacher, handling English, Filipino, Speech, and Journalism
subjects.
In my three years of stay in Scuola dei Bambini, I received the following awards: Most
Creative Teacher in Topic Presentation, Most Dedicated Teacher, Award for Contribution to
the Development of the Students-Discipline of the students, Hard Working Award, and
Initiative Award. In addition, I was appointed as: School Paper Adviser, Theatrical Play
Coordinator, Speaking Exercise Coordinator, Discipline Coordinator in High School,
Teachers’ Training Program and Development Coordinator, and other school event
leaderships. Moreover, I was assigned as 10th grade adviser for one year and 8 th grade adviser
for two years.
Some schools and organizations in San Pablo City invited me as a resource speaker in their
school paper trainings/seminars on campus journalism, English language seminars, leadership
training seminars, and also as a judge in different speaking contests. In addition, I also
trained/coached students for speaking contests, and for campus journalism competitions such
as DSPC and RSPC; meanwhile, I have joined the RSPC 2018 wherein, I (as feature writer),
with my teammates, competed in Collaborative Publishing, winning 5th place.
My experiences in the field of education and in such involvements honed my effectiveness,

competitiveness, and confidence to become a better individual, which I believe will help me
to become an effective teacher that can impart pertinent knowledge, skills, and values to the
learners regarding the area of study I specialized on.
If you will let me know when it will be convenient for you to interview me, you can reach me
by my mobile phone number 09193206255, Monday to Sunday, from 8:00am to 5:00pm, or
you can reach me by mail thru my home address No. 085, Brgy. San Vicente, San Pablo
City, Laguna, or thru e-mail at [email protected].
Very truly yours,
Ivan Jay D. Ortega

Enclosures: 1. Resume
2. Photocopy of Requirements
REFERENCES
 Bird, B. and Kopp, C. (2019). Globalization. Retrieved from

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/globalization.asp
 Dingemans, A.M. (2011). Sequential vs. Synchronic Time Perception. Available

https://www.globalizen.com/
 Four Major Types of Essay. Retrieved from https://www.time4writing.com/
 Four Methods of Delivery. Retrieved from https://www.saylordotorg.github.io/
 Intercultural Communication: High- and Low-Context Cultures (2016). Available

https://online.seu.edu/
 Madrunio, M. and Martin, I. (2018). Purposive Communication: Using English in

Multilingual Contexts. Quezon City. C & E Publishing, Inc.
 Presentations (script, memorized, extemporaneous, and impromptu). Retrieved from

https://smucomm101.wikifoundry.com/
 Summary of Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner's affective and neutral cultural

(2010). Available https://www.slideshare.net/
 Tabotabo, C. (2012). Technical Communication. Sta. Cruz, Manila. Booklore

Publishing Corp.
 Wakat, G., et.al (2018). Purposive Communication. Cubao, Quezon City. Lorimar
Publishing, Inc.
 What is Globalization? Retrieved from

https://www.piie.com/microsites/globalization/what- isglobalization.html
 Purposive Communication: Using English in Multilingual Contextsby Marilu

Rañosa Madrunio and Isabel Pefianco Martin (2018)
 Purposive Communicationby Geraldine S. Wakat, et. al. (2018)
Other Internet Sources
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_contact
 https://inspirationfeed.com/importance-and-benefits-of-social-media-in-todays-world/
 https://www.fluentu.com/blog/what-is-language-acquisition/
 https://www.thoughtco.com/mother-tongue-language-1691408
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_contact
 https://www.thoughtco.com/mother-tongue-language-1691408
 https://www.fluentu.com/blog/what-is-language-acquisition/
Thank you!

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CITY GOVERNMENT OF SAN PABLO

PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG SAN PABLO

COMMUNICATION FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES: TYPES OF

A. Informative or Expository Communication/Speech

The purpose of informative communication is to educate on a certain topic. It is not for

How to Write an Informative Essay Introduction?

How to Write an Informative Essay Body Paragraphs?

How to Write an Informative Essay Conclusion?

Persuasive Essay Outline

Opposing View Paragraph

2. Defective Patterns of Reasoning

WRITING AND DELIVERING A SPEECH

 Because of the economic and environmental benefits it brings, eco‐tourism should be

Common Structure of a Speech

The structure of a speech is organized as:

It is to be noted that while dress or attire is not considered as a paralinguistic cue, it is

Successful communication depends on prosodic features such as intonation, tone,

Other Tips in Writing and Delivering a Speech

Memorized (Speaking from Memory)

Factors of Effective Public Speaking

3 Important Factors of Public Speaking according to Aristotle

Techniques in Public Speaking

Ethics of Public Speaking

Ethics is the responsibility we have toward audience and ourselves.

13. Employ Respectful Free Speech

COMMUNICATION FOR WORK PURPOSES

DIFFERENT FORMS OF COMMUNICATION IN THE WORK FIELD

186 Int. Dolores Street Conventional Heading

Mr. David Ruiz

Dear Mr. Ruiz: Salutation

Body of the Letter

Sincerely yours, Complimentary Close

Rain R. Dayan Signature above typed/printed name

Date June 1, 2022

Mr. David Ruiz

Dear Mr. Ruiz: Salutation

Body of the Letter

Complimentary Close Sincerely yours,

Signature Rain R. Dayan

OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT

Administrative Memo No. 25, s. 2017

Work in all offices and classes in all levels will resume on

For your guidance.

Below is a template of the minutes of a meeting:

MINUTES OF THE MEETING

Baguio City Association of Writers, Inc.

Middle Paragraph: This section should specify the information you

E. Security Incident Report

Description of the Incident or Narration of the Incident

Witness/es (if available) : ____________________________

Police report filed? Yes No

Receiving Police Officer: ______________________

OTHER FORMS OF INFORMAL REPORTS IN THE WORK FIELD

 Sender’s Complete Name and Position in the Company

E. Sales Activity Report

COMMUNICATION FOR EMPLOYMENT

THE JOB INTERVIEW

Purposes of Job Interview